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State device. Political power extends to the whole society. Presentation on social science on the topic "political power" Political power extends to the whole society

Political power and mass media.

-MEDIA(mass media) - these are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, the Internet.

- Mass media provide collection, processing and mass dissemination of information.

State

Reasons for the emergence of the state

Each member of society occupies a certain social position in it. At the same time, all of us living in our country, regardless of social status and nationality, are citizens of our state. What is a state and what does it mean to be a citizen of one's country? This will be discussed today.

Guys, what can you name the reasons for the emergence of the state?

1. Theological-state is the result of the divine creation of the world.

2. Patriarchal - G. comes from the family, this is the result of the growth of the family.

3.Treaty-gosudarsvto arose as an association of people on a voluntary basis.

4. the theory of violence-state arose as a result of the conquest of one part of society by another

5. Psychological - people have a need to rule, while others are only able to obey.

6.Racial - people are divided into higher and lower races. The first are called to dominate.

7. Materialistic - the state comes to replace the tribal organization, there are

The concept of the state was first introduced by N. Makchiaveli. It denoted fundamental changes in the economic sphere. The property stratification of society is intensifying. It is the political state of society.

The state is the main political institution of society. managing it and protecting its socio-economic structure.

The main features and functions of the state

1 Power (governing bodies and suppression bodies)

2 Law (law)

3 Territory (with population)

4 Sovereignty (external - independence, internal - the rule of power)

Each state performs the main functions (tasks of the state):

External Internal

1 Defense 1 Law enforcement

2 Diplomacy 2 Organization of the economy

State shape

All states that exist in the world differ from each other in certain characteristics.

Characteristics of the state (form of the state):

State structure Form of government Political regime

Form of government

The form of government is an organization supreme bodies states and the order of their formation

Monarchy is a form of government in which the supreme power is concentrated in the hands of sole ruler and is inherited.

Limited (constitutional)

Unlimited (absolute)

Theocratic (secular and spiritual power rolled into one)

A republic is a form of government in which the highest authorities are elected.

· Presidential Mixed Parliamentary

presidential

The president (head of state) is elected by the people.

The head of government is the president.

· The government is responsible to the president.

parliamentary

The president (head of state) is elected and controlled by parliament

The head of government is the prime minister (a key role in government)

The government is formed by parliament

mixed

The president (head of state) is elected by the people

head of government prime minister

The government is appointed by the president

The government is accountable to parliament

State structure

The state structure is the territorial and political organization of the state and the relationship between the state and its parts.

Federative (federation) USA, Russia, India, Canada

Confederate (Confederation) CIS, USA until 1787, Germany until 1866

· Unitary Finland, France, Japan, Italy, Great Britain

A federation is a form of government in which territorial units are independent.

A confederation is a union of states.

A unitary state is a form of government in which territorial units do not have political independence.

Citizenship

People living in a state are citizens of that state.

"Political Regimes"

The political regime is the ways and means by which the state influences society, exercising its power.

The political regime is how the state power is exercised in the country.

Questions	Types of political regimes
totalitarianism	authoritarianism	democracy
Who rules?	ruling party led by leader	the power of one group, one party, its leader is a national leader	people, elected representatives
What is the relationship between government and society?	power completely uncontrolled by society	the rights and freedoms of citizens can be declared, but in practice they are constantly violated; the freedom of economic activity, the autonomy of the private life of people are preserved	power is controlled by society
What means are used to exercise power?	punitive system, mass terror, promotion of large goals	army, church, traditions are maintained	elections, referenda
Country examples.	Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, USSR, North Korea	states of Asia, Africa, Latin America	Russian Federation, Greece, Spain, Portugal, some countries of Asia and Africa, Latin America.

Branch of power	Compound	Main functions
Legislative ( representative- is elected by the whole people and protects its interests)	Parliament- Federal Assembly 2 chambers: - Council of the Federation - State. Thought	Caring for the creation of legal laws that recognize, guarantee and protect human rights
Executive (appointed)	Government	Obliged to act on the basis of laws adopted by the representative government and rely on them when making government decisions
Judicial (independent and independent)	Constitutional Court, Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (including the Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation), Courts general jurisdiction	Its exclusive powers are to protect the right through the administration of justice (consideration of civil, criminal, administrative and other cases in court sessions on the basis of strict observance of the Constitution and laws)

* The president- head of state (popularly elected)

main goal of the separation of powers- exclude the monopolization of power, i.e., the seizure, concentration of it in one hand - any person or organization, party, parliament or government.

Signs of a legal state

· The rule of law(Not a single state body, not a single official, no collective of persons, no state and public organizations, not a single person is released from the obligation to obey the law) Inviolability of human rights and freedoms(human rights are the main natural limiter of state power)

· Separation of powers(legislative, executive and judicial, which contributes to the limitation of state power)

Political participation

Political participation should be recognized as the most important participation of citizens in the life of the state. It refers to actions taken by citizens to influence public policy or the choice of political leaders at any level of political power.

Elections are the procedure for electing someone by voting.

Social scientists have given a clear name to the passive position of citizens: absenteeism.

Absenteeism is the evasion of citizens from participating in elections.

Political Party- this is an organized group of like-minded people, expressing the interests of certain social strata, whose activities are aimed at gaining political power or participating in its implementation.

Signs of PP:

1) a fairly long-term association of people (clientelles, factions, cliques arise and disappear along with their inspirers and organizers);

2) the organizational structure at the center and the presence of sustainable local organizations that maintain regular links with the national leadership;

3) the goal is the conquest and exercise of power;

5) the existence of a program in which the goals and strategy of the party are formulated;

Political Party - this is a voluntary union of ideologically and organizationally interconnected citizens striving to achieve common goals through the struggle for power and its subsequent implementation and expressing the interests of a certain part of the population.

There are four criteria , according to which the definition of a political party is carried out, its difference from other participants in the political process.

The main goal of a political party is to gain power.

longevity of the organization. As a rule, a political party is created to implement long-term programs, and not to conduct one-time campaigns.

The presence of a widely branched party structure, which includes not only the central governing bodies, but also a wide network of local organizations.

The constant search for support from the people, the desire to expand their social base.

Structurally, political parties include three components :

1) a system of governing bodies that brings together political leaders and activists, party representatives in state structures, etc.;

2) the official party organization, consisting of the party apparatus (party bureaucracy) and rank and file members of the party;

3) supporters of the party who identify themselves with it and systematically support it in elections.

.It is necessary to single out the functions of a political party.

The struggle for power and its subsequent use.

Development of party ideology, propaganda and the formation of public opinion.

Integration and revitalization of the population, its political education.

Training and promotion of personnel for the party and state structures in which they will represent the interests of the party.

on organizational grounds , dividing them into personnel and mass.

Personnel parties: few in composition; all members are active and very influential in politics, they are parliamentarians, hold government posts, have great ties with industrialists and financiers. They achieve success in elections due to the vast number of their supporters, which can exceed the number of party members by tens or even hundreds of times.

Mass parties are characterized by their abundance. They arose on the wave of the labor movement in connection with the spread of universal suffrage. Distinguished by their high ideologization, the mass parties strive to constantly expand their ranks at the expense of representatives of the lower strata of the population. As a rule, these are parties of communist, socialist and social democratic orientation.

By internal organization .

1) with fixed membership; 2) with free membership.

The first group consists of parties whose members receive party tickets, pay dues, and carry out the tasks of the party organization. It should be borne in mind that party membership can be direct or indirect. Direct membership implies individual admission to the ranks of the party organization. Indirect allows for the collective participation of members of any public organization in the work of party bodies. An example is the collective membership of trade unions in Great Britain, Sweden and Norway in the workers' parties of these countries (Labor in Great Britain and social democratic in the Scandinavian countries).

The second group includes parties that do not have official membership, and the number of their supporters is determined by the number of votes cast for them in the elections. These are the Republican and Democratic parties of the United States, the Conservative Party of Great Britain and a number of others.

ideological orientation.

1) social democratic and socialist parties (SDLP of Sweden, Labor Party of Great Britain, etc.);

2) communist parties (Communist Party of China, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, etc.);

3) liberal parties (Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, Right Cause, etc.);

4) conservative parties (Conservative Party of Great Britain);

5) clerical or confessional parties (numerous parties of Christian or Islamic orientation);

6) monarchist parties;

7) nationalist parties;

8) fascist and neo-fascist parties.

according to the degree of participation in the exercise of political power , political parties are divided into ruling and opposition

.In relation to the means of achieving political party goals are divided into revolutionary and reformist

Let's read the information.

Political power(from gr. politice- the art of governing the state, from polis - city-state) - this is the right, ability and opportunity to defend and implement certain political views, attitudes and goals.

Political power is the main instrument, means of control in the sphere of politics.

signs that distinguish political power from other forms of power.

	Characteristic
Universality	It extends to the whole society, to all living in the territory of this state.
Supremacy	Has the highest power in social relations over all other types of power, incl. and over religious or power in the life of the family (obligatory execution of decisions for all other types of power and all citizens).
	It has a single nationwide center for making important political decisions.
	Acts on the basis of law on behalf of the whole society, i.e. with the support of society.
Publicity	It operates openly and publicly, it is not a secret power.
legality	1.uses various means, ways and methods of influence (forced, economic, social, cultural and informational, etc.) 2. uses force within the country through special state bodies (police, militia, army, special services, tax authorities and etc.)

Functions of political power:

the formation of the political system of society (the creation of a certain type of government characteristic of a particular society, for example, in Russia - a democratic type of government).
organization political life society.
managing the affairs of society and the state at different levels.
integration of public interests (consistency, connectedness of the various interests of society).
mobilization (ensuring the maximum use of society's resources).
controlling (enforcement of law and order).
cultural and normative (the formation and dissemination of certain political norms, models, standards of behavior - political culture).
socialization of the individual (the process of involving the individual in political relations).

Consider varieties political power.

Classification of political power according to M.

Types of political power:

traditional - based on subordination to the leader (leader, king, president) due to established traditions and customs.
legal - is based on subordination not to the leader (leader, king, president), but to the laws within which representatives of power are elected and operate.
- based on subordination to the leader (leader, king, president) due to his exceptional personal qualities.

These three types of power do not exist separately, in any political system there are elements of all types of power.

Many political scientists believe that political power in the modern world should be:

limited, that is, divided into legislative, executive, judicial.
regulated, that is, determined by the framework of the law and be under public control.
institutional, that is, to have a clear organization expressed in social institutions.
legitimate, that is, to have social and moral justification and recognition.

The problem of stability of political power

Basic principles of stability of political power:

1.Legitimacy, that is, the recognition of society (both by the population of the state and by the world community).

Signs of the legitimacy of power

positive assessment of power, recognition of the right to control, consent to submission
recognition of power by civil society
recognition of power by the world community

2. Efficiency, that is, the degree to which the government fulfills the functions and expectations that society (population) imposes on it.

Signs of the effectiveness of power

successful economic policy
sustainable growth in the well-being of the main part of the population
strengthening public order
prestige in the international arena

Footnotes

monocentricity- (from mono ... and lat. centrum - focus, center).

Legitimate power characterized as lawful and fair.

The legitimacy of power is related to the presence in power

authority
its support for the ideals and values shared by the majority of citizens
consent of the authorities and the population on fundamental political principles.

Legitimation(lat. legitimus - legal) - recognition or confirmation of the legitimacy of state power, any social institution, status, authority based on the values accepted in a given society. The basis of legitimation can be traditions and customs, charisma, constitutional norms, democratic elections, a referendum or a plebiscite.

Stagnation- the state of the economy, characterized by the stagnation of production, trade for a long period. S. is accompanied by an increase in the number of unemployed, a decrease in wages and the standard of living of the population.

Weber Max (1864 - 1920) - German sociologist, historian, economist and lawyer. Brother of A. Weber. The founder of the so-called understanding sociology.

Charisma- (Greek χάρισμα, "mercy", "divine gift", "grace") - endowment (according to a certain circle of adherents or followers) of a person (charismatic leader - politician, preacher, prophet), institution, symbol or a set of actions with the properties of exclusivity, distinction, supernaturalness, infallibility or holiness. The quality of charisma is traditionally considered not so much acquired as bestowed by nature or "otherworldly", mystical forces.

Used Books:

1. Unified State Examination 2009. Social studies. Reference book / O.V.Kishenkova. – M. : Eksmo, 2008.

2. Social science: a complete reference book / P.A. Baranov, A.V. Vorontsov, S.V. Shevchenko; ed. P.A. Baranova. – M.: AST: Astrel; Vladimir: VKT, 2010.

3. Social science. Grade 11: textbook. for general education institutions: profile. level / L.N. Bogolyubov, A.Yu. Lazebnikova, A.T. Kinkulkin and others; ed. L.N. Bogolyubova; Ros. acad. sciences, ed., dorab. – M.: Enlightenment, 2010.

4. Social science. Grade 10: textbook. for general education institutions: a basic level of/ L.N. Bogolyubov, Yu.I. Averyanov, N.I. Gorodetskaya and others; ed. L.N. Bogolyubova; Ros. acad. Sciences, Ros. acad. education, publishing house "Enlightenment". 6th ed. – M.: Enlightenment, 2010.

5. Social science. Grade 11: textbook. for general education institutions: basic level / L.N. Bogolyubov, N.I. Gorodetskaya, A.I. Matveev and others; ed. L.N. Bogolyubova; Ros. acad. Sciences, Ros. acad. education, publishing house "Enlightenment". 6th ed. – M.: Enlightenment, 2010.

6. Social science. Grade 11: textbook. for general education students. institutions: basic level / A.F. Nikitin, I.V. Metlik; ed. I.V. Metlika. – M.: Enlightenment, 2009.

Used Internet resources:

Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Remember: The main spheres of society.
Think: How do you understand the meaning of the word "politics"? Why can't a society live normally without power?

This theme gives an idea of the political life of society. We hear the word "political" every day: a political organization, political information, etc. Newspapers, radio, television talk about politics, about political news. The word "apolitical" means "related to politics, to the implementation of politics."

What is politics? This word is of Greek origin, and it meant the art of government, state affairs. And in our time, the word “politicians” has become broader in its meaning. In the previous topics of the course (Grade 8) it was noted that society has a complex structure. Between various social classes, large groups of people occupying a certain position in society, between nations, states, various relations develop. Politics is the activity associated with the relations between large social groups, social strata, nations. But you already know that these relationships cover various areas, such as the economy. So, between the feudal lord, who owns the land, and the landless peasant dependent on him, there are economic relations. And if relations between social groups concern power, the state, if the power of the state is used to preserve or, on the contrary, to change these relations, then there are relations in the sphere of politics. Hence, politics is participation in the affairs of the state (determination of the form of the state, tasks, content of its activities); these are goals and means to achieve them, which are aimed at putting into practice the interests of large groups of people. (You will get acquainted with the material on the state in the next paragraph.)

In different social groups, in accordance with their position, there arises a different attitude towards the state, towards the government. Some of them support the government, others are in opposition to it. (Recall the attitude of various social groups of Russian society towards the government during the events of 1905.) Different interests give rise to a struggle between them for power, for influence on state affairs. All this is the realm of politics.

Political power. When we talk about power in general, we understand it like this: someone exercises power, that is, rules, manages, gives orders, and someone obeys, carries out these orders. We encounter such relationships all the time in life: for example, between an officer and a soldier, a traffic police inspector and a car driver, a teacher and a student. Power in these cases is not unlimited, it is limited to strictly defined functions of an officer, inspector, teacher. But within the framework of these functions, each of the named employees has the right to give orders, orders, make demands, and the soldier, or the driver, or the student is obliged to obey these requirements. When necessary, those in power can apply sanctions (punish those who do not follow orders, or perhaps reward them for following them in good faith).

Political power extends throughout society, its orders, directives (guidelines), requirements do not apply to individuals, but to large social groups, to all living within the borders of a given state. In turn, all those to whom the demands of the authorities relate are obliged to fulfill them; those persons (monarchs, presidents, heads of government, governors, etc.) or groups that rule (any classes, estates, “know”, organizations, etc.) have the opportunity to rely on the power of the state and, if necessary, to force submission to one's will, using the court, the police, the army. Of course, it is better if the rulers have authority, the population readily obeys their demands.

What did the Russian philosopher I. A. Ilyin (1883-1954) write about the power of power:

“The strength of power is, first of all, its spiritual and state authority, its respect, its recognized dignity, its ability to impress citizens. To set yourself an impossible task does not mean to show strength; wasting your authority is not the same as being strong. The strength of power is not manifested in shouting, not in fuss, not in pretentiousness, not in boasting and not in terror. The true power of power lies in its ability to call without threatening and to meet the right response among the people ... "

Political power plays a big role in any modern society. The tasks that it performs affect various spheres of social relations. It is the political power that governs society as a whole. It determines the main directions of the country's development, develops and adopts decisions aimed at eliminating urgent problems.

Power carries out daily management of the most important processes occurring in society. Among the tasks performed by the authorities is the maintenance of stability, the prevention of social upheavals that pose a threat to the life and well-being of citizens.

In his Address to the Federal Assembly on November 2008, the President Russian Federation D. L. Medvedev took revenge: “We are striving for a fair society of free people. We know that Russia will be a prosperous, democratic country. Strong and at the same time comfortable for life. The best in the world for the most talented, demanding, self-reliant and critical citizens.

So, power is the most important element of social organization. It allows, if necessary, to force large masses of people to perform certain tasks and decisions. Therefore, in society there is a struggle for power and its use for the implementation of a particular policy.

The role of politics in the life of society. Politics plays a big role in the development of society. Much depends on the policy pursued by the state, the government: better or worse will be the living conditions of various social groups, their well-being, whether cultural achievements will become available to them, whether their degree of freedom will increase or it will be completely eliminated.

There have been many governments in history whose policies have served the interests of a minority and infringe on the rights of the majority of people. A truly democratic state is called upon to take care of all social groups, to take into account the interests of all nations and nationalities. However, the methods, sequence, and pace of solving the problems facing society may be different. Therefore, political disputes and discussions arise: what social groups need priority assistance? What economic policy will bring the fastest improvement in the life of the people? How can the interests of some nationalities be taken into account without infringing on the interests of others? How to ensure the external security of the country?

The solution of these and many other questions in politics determines whether people will live better or worse in the future. Therefore, disputes on various issues of politics, political struggle occupy a prominent place in the life of society and are reflected in the pages of newspapers, television screens, at rallies and meetings. Ultimately, supporters of various political decisions, various political organizations strive for the state to pursue a policy that meets their interests. Why? Because the state disposes of huge monetary and material resources, issues laws that are binding on all citizens, and has the power to stop the violation of the law.

In one study of the public opinion of Russians on issues of politics and power, it turned out that 66% share the following point of view: “Our country needs not so much laws and political programs as strong, energetic leaders who the people would trust.” 53% supported the following opinion:

"The President must become the sovereign master of the country, Only then will we break through." 51% of respondents agreed with the statement: “In Russia, it is necessary that the authorities be afraid. Otherwise, they won't respect her." 49% are inclined to such a formulation: "I don't care what methods a politician uses, if his activity is for the benefit of the people."

How do you feel about such opinions?

Nowadays main question Russia's political life - the question of the ways, the pace of renewal of all spheres of life: society, the sequence of transformation. Members of various parties and other political organizations are actively involved in political activities. They hold meetings and conferences to discuss their goals and objectives. which, in their opinion, would most fully reflect the interests of various social groups and the entire people, to determine ways to influence state policy, to resolve the issue of participation in the work of government bodies. Party members organize rallies and other public events; distribute print publications to explain their goals; nominate candidates for deputies of various government bodies and campaign for them, trying to get the support of the largest possible number of people; express their attitude towards the state and the government; collect signatures under appeals to state bodies,

In the process of this activity, various forms of interaction of social groups, political parties, the state, individual limes arise, associated with the struggle against power, with the development, adoption and implementation of decisions of state power. In this interaction, the political life of society is manifested.

Political life and mass media. In modern society, political life largely depends on the means of communication between all its participants, i.e. means used to disseminate messages about ongoing events, to notify about political and other socially significant actions,

statements and decisions. These media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the Internet. These are social institutions that ensure the collection, processing and mass dissemination of information. The very name “mass media” (mass media) suggests that the messages they transmit are addressed to an unlimited circle of individuals, social groups, and organizations. Since a significant part of the population uses socio-political information disseminated by the media, especially through television channels, it has an impact on the political life of society.

Facts. A study conducted in Russia in 2004 showed that 31% of respondents watch news releases and information and analytical programs on political topics on TV regularly (every day), sometimes (several times a week) - 32%, quite rarely (from occasionally) - 23%, practically do not watch - 11%.

Thanks to the media, citizens of the country get an idea about the work of government bodies, the activities of political organizations, and the problems that exist in society. Under their influence, there is a feeling of involvement in ongoing events, many are involved in certain forms of political activity. AT various materials The media reflects the public interest.

Technological progress has made it possible not only to quickly inform about what happened, but also to make people "witnesses" of events taking place far from them. The message about the event, supplemented by the image on the television screen, often leaves a strong impression on the viewer-listener. At the same time, it should be remembered that when transmitting information, material is selected: the one who transmits the information decides what to report and what to keep silent about, what to show and what not to include in the transmission. Information may become incomplete, one-sided. The message is often accompanied by comments that reflect the position of their author. All this makes it possible to influence people's views in one direction or another, their attitude to various phenomena of political life. In turn, the views and moods of people influence their political behavior. In the second half of the last century, the influence of the media on political life increased so much that the media began to be called the "fourth power".

The media influence not only the views and behavior of large masses of people, but also the authorities. They are able to raise serious questions public life, to discuss from the standpoint of certain social groups relevant political problems, they can express various judgments about the activities of politicians. All this can influence the decisions of the authorities and the way these decisions are implemented.

Test yourself

What does the word "politics" mean? What role does politics play in society?
What is included in the scope of politics?
What is the essence of any power?
What are the main features of political power?
What is mass media? How do they influence political life?

In class and at home

Name the recent political events that made you happy and that upset you. Explain why.
Consider whether there is a contradiction between the two statements: politics is the relationship between classes; politics is participation in the affairs of the state. Explain your answer.
Remember from the course of history the time of Peter 1, the main directions of the policy of his government. Whose interests did this policy represent?
Collect materials from newspapers about the political activities of the highest authorities of our state, various political organizations. Note what you think is the most important in these materials and why.

“Politics requires great flexibility of mind from the people involved in it; she does not know the immutable, once for all given rules ... "
G. V. Plekhanov (1856-1918), Russian politician, philosopher "The power that governs to the detriment of the people is short-lived."
Seneca (c. 4 BC - 65 AD), Roman politician, philosopher

Answer plan:

1. Politics- social management system.

2. The role of politics in the life of society,

3. The essence of political power.

Politics is the sphere of relations between social groups in the implementation of common interests with the help of political power. Political power is the ability and ability to pursue a certain policy, using political parties, organizations, the state.

Politics - the art of government, state affairs, activities in the field of relations between large social groups, social strata, nations. Politics is participation in the affairs of the state, determining the form, tasks, content of the state's activities. Power, if necessary, forces large masses of people to perform certain tasks and decisions. In its desire to influence state power, each social group proceeds from its own interests. Politics is the goals and means of achieving them, which are aimed at putting into practice the interests of large groups of people through the state. Active representatives of large social groups who want to participate in political activities unite in political parties that formulate and express the interests of these forces. Parties substantiate political goals, develop ways of fighting for power, and strive to win the support of large masses of people.

A multi-party system plays an important role in the political life of society - this is the right of a citizen to vote for the political force that, having come to power, will pursue a policy in the interests of the general population - improving living conditions and well-being, increasing pensions, scholarships, protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens etc. Political power disposes of huge monetary and material resources, issues laws binding on all citizens, and has the power to stop the violation of the law. Political power extends to the whole society.

Power is the most important element of social organization. It allows, if necessary, to force large masses of people to perform certain tasks and decisions. Therefore, in society there is a struggle for power and its use for the implementation of a particular policy.

Man and culture

Planresponse:

1. Culture is the process of creating material and spiritual wealth in society.

2. Man-subject of culture.

3. The unity of man and culture.

Culture is a special environment transformed by society, i.e. society, transforming nature, creates a special environment-culture.

Culture is an essential characteristic of the life of society and is inseparable from man as a social being. In the process of life, a person is formed as a cultural and historical being. His human qualities are the result of his learning the language, familiarizing himself with the values and traditions existing in a given society, mastering the techniques and skills inherent in this culture, etc. Culture is the measure of the human in a person.

Initially, culture meant cultivation, cultivation of the soil, but later it acquired a more general meaning - the creation of any values (material, spiritual). The accumulation of cultural values is associated with their transfer from one generation to another (continuity). The most stable side of culture - cultural traditions - elements of social and cultural heritage which are not only passed on from generation to generation, but also preserved for a long time, throughout the life of many generations - values, ideas, customs, etc. The formation of culture involves not only the preservation of the best elements of the old, but also the creation of a new one, the increment of cultural wealth in the process of creativity, when new values acquire social significance.

An important sign of the cultural development of a person, society is the presence necessary conditions for the manifestation and development of creative forces, abilities, talents of a person - music and art schools, interest clubs, amateur theaters, etc.

The crisis situation that has developed in Russia is manifested with particular force in the culture of our society: the decline of morality, "violence, low funding for culture, the clogging of the Russian language with foreign words, swear words, the leakage of specialists abroad, etc. All this led to a sharp drop in the cultural level of a person, a people.However, over the past two years, the Russian government has outlined a comprehensive program to correct the current situation.

Ticket 16

1. Political parties and movements. Multi-party system

2. Spiritual life of a person