Reconciliation of industrial equipment. General questions on the alignment of equipment on foundations. Installation of equipment on the foundation

Geodetic support for installation. In modern industrial construction and during the reconstruction of industrial enterprises, geodetic support is aimed at solving the problems of creating a geometric basis for installing equipment before starting work, as well as ensuring control over the accuracy of its alignment. At the same time, the accuracy and coordination of the mutual arrangement of machines, units and structures in the workshops and the compliance of their installation with the design provisions) are determined by the quality of the geodetic justification of the installation, i.e. creation of the geometric basis of the industrial facility, which is the alignment axes and the system of elevation marks.

The geodetic basis of the installation is carried out by construction organizations in the process of carrying out geodetic marking works (construction of a geodetic marking axis) in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.01.03-84. The accuracy and quality of the geodetic base must be carefully checked by the installers in the process of accepting the construction part of the facility for the installation of equipment.

Mounting (technological) axes are placed parallel to the construction center axes, combining them with the axes of the equipment. Longitudinal and transverse centering axes are tied to the main axes of the structure, which, in turn, are tied to the points of the geodetic base. This ensures the specified position of the equipment relative to the foundations, communications, building and technological structures of the workshop. When choosing the locations of the mounting axes, consider the convenience of installing the equipment in the design position, as well as the possibility of using these axes to control the position of the equipment during operation.

The alignment of the equipment is carried out with respect to the height marks and axes, set respectively by the benchmarks and dies, as well as the surfaces or axes (bases) of the previously mounted equipment. The bases of the equipment to be verified (alignment bases) can be execution surfaces, machined areas on the outer surfaces of the equipment, mounting (support) surfaces, etc.

Requirements for the selection of verification (verification) bases. The reliability of accuracy control during equipment installation is ensured by a rational choice of calibration (testing) bases used to determine whether the actual position * of the executive surfaces during equipment installation is in accordance with the specified design position (by the executive surfaces are understood the surfaces and axes of the equipment, the relative position of which is specified in the technical documentation of the plants - manufacturers design dimensions and their limit deviations).

In the process of developing design documentation for equipment, selecting alignment bases and analyzing their compliance with the requirements of the installation technology, the following provisions are guided: as alignment bases, the execution surfaces of the equipment are used directly; the selected bases should provide the ability to determine the accuracy of the position of the installed equipment for all controlled parameters, i.e. must constitute a complete set of bases; the terms of delivery and manufacture of the equipment, as well as the selected bases, should exclude, as a rule, the need for additional work on the installation site to disassemble the equipment to access the internal base surfaces. For this purpose, the external surfaces of the equipment or their processed sections are used as alignment; the design of the alignment bases should provide the possibility of installing overhead measuring instruments; the choice of alignment bases that do not coincide with the executive surfaces of the equipment must be made on the basis of calculations of technological (assembly) dimensional chains for various base options.

Bases can be hidden and explicit. Hidden is called the base in the form of an imaginary plane, axis or point, and explicit - in the form of a real surface, marking risk, axis or point. In this case, the mounting bases belonging to the installed equipment are considered to be the main bases, and the auxiliary bases are considered to be elements of building structures or previously installed equipment.

To determine the spatial position of the mounted equipment, it is necessary to have sets of bases that form the coordinate system of the equipment and (or) the coordinate system, relative to which the basing and measurements are carried out.

Identification, assignment and use of bases is carried out in relation to specific operations or processes, taking into account the design features of the equipment and installation conditions.

The bases used when installing equipment in the design position at the place of operation are divided into assembly and control bases according to their purpose. By mounting bases Carry out pairing - docking of components and parts during installation and pre-assembly of equipment. The part from which the assembly of the product begins, by attaching assembly units or other parts to it, is called the base part. During installation, body parts and beds are most often used as basic ones.

To determine the position of the mounted element (equipment, parts) during measurements, control bases are used. In the installation documentation, technological maps and projects for the production of works, the control bases are divided into reconciliation (verification) and measuring. The verification base is the control base, which belongs to the mounted element and serves to install overhead measuring instruments and control devices. According to the position of this base, the correct installation of the equipment, its assembly or part is judged. As measuring bases, control bases are used that do not belong to the mounted element, i.e. elements of building structures or bases of a previously assembled unit in relation to equipment (parts).
Mounting and control bases are shown in fig. 19, where

Rice. 19. Bases when aligning the housing of a large gearbox of a centrifugal compressor
1 -- gearbox housing support (main mounting base); 2 - transverse axis of the gearbox (geodetic base); 3 - a plate for fixing the transverse axis (the main measuring base for aligning the gearbox in the plan); 4 - plumb; 5 - string for the removal of the mounting transverse axis of the gearbox; 6 * - small-sized leveling rail-ruler; 7 risk, fixing the transverse axis of the gearbox; 8" gearbox housing connector (auxiliary mounting base for attaching the cover); 9 - risks fixing the axis of the bores of the bearings of the low-speed shaft of the gearbox (reconciliation base for installing the gearbox housing in the plan); 10 - alignment base of the gearbox housing for its installation in height and horizontally (partition plane); 11 - sighting axes of the level (auxiliary measuring bases); 12 "level; 13 - benchmark (the main measuring base for installation in height and horizontal); 14 string for the removal of the mounting longitudinal axis of the drive; 15 - “dash for fixing the drive axis (the main measuring base for aligning the gearbox in the plan); 16 - drive axis (geodetic base)

a diagram of the alignment of the centrifugal compressor gearbox is shown.

The main mounting base is the base of the gearbox housing in contact with the alignment areas. The housing connector serves as an auxiliary mounting base, along which the gearbox cover is attached to the housing base. To mount the cover, the parting surface of the cover will be the main mounting base. When installing the gearbox housing in the plan, alignment bases are used - the risks applied along its axes. The connector surface of the reducer is the alignment base for its height and horizontal installation. The control measuring bases for the adjustment of the gearbox are the working axes of the geodetic base, fixed on the dies, and the high-altitude benchmark. For ease of alignment, the working geodetic axes are made in the form of strings and plumb lines.

Ways to support equipment on the foundation

6.1. Installation of equipment on the foundation is carried out in the following way:

a) with alignment and fixing on permanent support elements and subsequent grouting of the gap "equipment - foundation" with a concrete mixture (Fig. 15, b);

b) with alignment on temporary support elements, grouting the gap "equipment - foundation" and with support when fixing the grout hardened material on the array (without lining, Fig. 15, a).

rice. 15. Support elements for alignment and installation of equipment

and ¾ temporary; b ¾ constant; 1 ¾ squeezing adjusting screws; 2 ¾ set nuts with Belleville springs; 3 ¾ inventory jacks; 4 ¾ lightweight metal pads; 5 ¾ packs of metal pads; 6 ¾ wedges; 7 ¾ support shoes; 8 ¾ rigid supports

With the first method of supporting equipment, the transfer of installation and operational loads to the foundation is carried out through permanent support elements, and the gravy has an auxiliary, protective or structural purpose.

If it is necessary to adjust the position of the equipment during operation, gravy may not be carried out, which should be provided for in the installation instructions.

6.2. When installing equipment using packages of flat metal pads, support shoes, etc. as permanent support elements. the ratio of the total contact area of ​​the supports A with the foundation surface and the total cross-sectional area of ​​the bolts A sa must be at least 15.

6.3. When the equipment is supported on a concrete grout, the operating loads from the equipment are transferred to the foundations directly through the grout.

6.4. The design of the joints is indicated in the installation drawings or in the installation instructions for the equipment.

In the absence of special instructions in the instructions of the equipment manufacturer or in the foundation project, the design of the joint and the type of supporting elements are assigned by the installation organization.

Equipment alignment

6.5. Equipment alignment (installation in the design position relative to the specified axes and marks) is carried out in stages with the achievement of the specified accuracy indicators in terms of, and then in height and horizontality (verticality).

Deviations of the installed equipment from the nominal position should not exceed the tolerances specified in the factory technical documentation and in the installation instructions for individual types of equipment.

6.6. Alignment of equipment in height is carried out relative to working benchmarks or relative to previously installed equipment, with which the equipment being aligned is connected kinematically or technologically.

6.7. Alignment of the equipment in the plan (with pre-installed bolts) is carried out in two stages: first, the holes in the supporting parts of the equipment are aligned with the bolts (preliminary alignment), then the equipment is brought into the design position relative to the axes of the foundations or relative to the previously aligned equipment (final alignment).

6.8. The control of the position of equipment during alignment is carried out both by conventional control and measuring instruments, and by the optical-geodesic method, as well as with the help of special centering and other devices that provide control of perpendicularity, parallelism and alignment.

6.9. Equipment alignment is carried out on temporary (alignment) or permanent (bearing) support elements.

As temporary (reconciliation) support elements when aligning the equipment before pouring it with a concrete mixture, the following are used: squeezing adjusting screws; adjusting nuts with disk washers; inventory jacks; lightweight metal linings, etc.

When reconciling, the following are used as permanent (bearing) supporting elements that also work during the operation of the equipment: packages of flat metal linings; metal wedges; support shoes; rigid supports (concrete pillows).

6.10. The choice of temporary (alignment) support elements and, accordingly, the alignment technology is made by the installation organization, depending on the weight of individual mounting blocks of equipment installed on the foundation, as well as based on economic indicators.

The number of support elements, as well as the number and location of the bolts tightened during alignment, are selected from the conditions for ensuring reliable fastening of the verified equipment for the period of its pouring.

6.11. The total area of ​​\u200b\u200bsupporting the gully (alignment) supporting elements A, m 2 , on the foundation is determined from the expression

A£6 n А sa + G× 15×10 -5 , (21)

Where n¾ the number of foundation bolts tightened when aligning the equipment; A sa ¾ calculated cross-sectional area of ​​foundation bolts, m 2; G¾ weight of equipment to be verified, kN.

Total lifting capacity W, kN, temporary (alignment) support elements is determined by the ratio

W ³ 1.3 G + n A sa s 0 , (22)

Where s0¾ preload stress of foundation bolts, kPa.

6.12. Temporary support elements should be located based on the convenience of equipment alignment, taking into account the exclusion of possible deformation of the body parts of the equipment from its own weight and the pre-tightening forces of the bolt nuts.

6.13. Permanent (bearing) supporting elements should be placed as close as possible to the bolts. In this case, the supporting elements can be located both on one side and on both sides of the bolt.

6.14. Fixing the equipment in a verified position must be carried out by tightening the nuts of the bolts in accordance with the recommendations of Sec. 8 of this Guide.

6.15. The support surface of the equipment in the calibrated position must fit snugly against the support elements, the forcing adjusting screws ¾ to the support plates, and the permanent support elements ¾ to the foundation surface. The tightness of the mating metal parts should be checked with a 0.1 ml probe.

6.16. The technology for aligning equipment with the help of adjusting screws, inventory jacks, adjusting nuts, as well as on hard concrete pads and metal linings is given in App. 7.

Gravy equipment

6.17. The pouring of equipment should be carried out with a concrete mixture, cement-sand or special mortars after preliminary (for joint structures on temporary supports) or after final (for joint structures on permanent supports) tightening of the bolt nuts.

6.18. The thickness of the gravy layer under the equipment is allowed within 50-80 mm. If there are stiffeners on the supporting surface of the equipment, the clearance is taken from the bottom of the ribs (Fig. 16).

Fig.16. Gravy scheme for equipment

1 ¾ foundation; 2 ¾ gravy; 3 ¾ supporting part of the equipment; 4 ¾ stiffening rib

6.19. The grout in the plan should protrude beyond the supporting surface of the equipment by at least 100 mm. At the same time, its height must be greater than the height of the main layer of grout under the equipment by at least 30 mm and not more than the thickness of the equipment support flange.

6.20. The gravy surface adjacent to the equipment must slope away from the equipment and be protected with an oil resistant coating.

6.21. The strength class of a long loaf or mortar when the equipment is supported directly on the grout should be taken one step higher than the foundation concrete class.

6.22. The surface of the foundations before grouting should be cleaned of foreign objects, oils and dust. Immediately before grouting, the surface of the foundation is moistened, while preventing the accumulation of water in the recesses and pits.

6.23. It is not allowed to grout under the equipment at an ambient temperature below 5°C without heating the mixture to be laid (electric heating, steaming, etc.).

6.24. The concrete mixture or mortar is fed through the holes in the base part or from one side of the equipment being poured until, on the opposite side, the mixture or mortar reaches a level that is 30 mm higher than the height of the level of the supporting surface of the equipment.

The supply of the mixture or solution should be carried out without interruption. The level of the mixture or solution on the supply side must exceed the level of the poured surface by at least 100 mm.

For pouring equipment, you can use concrete pneumatic blowers of the S-862 type or concrete pumps of the SB-68 type.

6.25. The supply of concrete mixture or mortar is recommended to be carried out by vibrating using a storage tray. The vibrator should not touch the supporting parts of the equipment. With a width of the poured space of more than 1200 mm, the installation of a storage tray is mandatory (Fig. 17).

Rice. 17. Gravy equipment with a storage tray

1 ¾ formwork; 2 ¾ supporting part of the equipment; 3 ¾ storage tray; 4 ¾ vibrator; 5 ¾ gravy mixture; 6 ¾ foundation

The length of the tray should be equal to the length of the poured space.

It is not allowed to rest the tray on the pouring equipment.

The level of the concrete mixture when grouting with a tray should be approximately 300 mm above the supporting surface of the equipment and kept constant.

6.26. The surface of the gravy within three days after completion of work must be systematically moistened, sprinkled with sawdust or covered with burlap.

6.27. When using a concrete grout, the size of the coarse aggregate should be no more than 20 mm.

6.28. The selection of the composition of concrete is carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documents. The draft of the concrete mixture cone should be at least 6 cm. To improve the properties of the concrete of the gravy (reduce shrinkage, increase mobility), it is recommended to introduce the SDB additive in an amount of 0.2 - 0.3% of the mass of cement. With the introduction of SDB, the consumption of cement and water is approximately reduced by 8-10% while maintaining the calculated value of the water-cement ratio. Sand concrete can be used as a gravy.

6.29. To protect the grout from corrosion in aggressive environments, coatings should be used in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.03.11.

Alignment on foundations and supporting structures of various types of process equipment is one of the main installation operations. It is especially responsible for the modern industrial installation method, when equipment, apparatus and structures are delivered for installation in a fully assembled form or enlarged units.

The main purpose of equipment alignment on foundations is to achieve the specified geometric accuracy of its installation that meets the technical requirements and design linear and angular dimensions. The quality of installation is characterized primarily by the accuracy of the installation of equipment in the design position both in plan and in height in a horizontal or vertical plane. To achieve a high quality of equipment installation, careful preliminary control of the technical documentation for the equipment itself, the technology for its installation and for the construction part of the facility, including foundations and supporting structures, is necessary. In turn, the durability and wear rates of individual components and parts, the level of fluctuations in joints and fasteners, as well as the conditions for lubricating rubbing parts depend on the accuracy of equipment alignment.

Taking into account the purpose, principle of operation, operating parameters, dimensions, weight and configuration of the equipment being installed, as well as the construction characteristics of the object and the type of foundation or supporting structure, in the practice of installation of process equipment, various methods of its installation, alignment and fastening in the design position are used.

The method of alignment and fastening of equipment on the foundation is chosen depending on the method of transferring mounting and operational loads to the foundation. There are three types of connections between equipment and the foundation:
1) with the help of temporary support elements used when aligning equipment on a hardened array of cement mortar poured into the gap between the equipment support unit and the foundation (Fig. 12, a);
2) with the use of permanent support elements for aligning the equipment, poured with a solution, to support the equipment itself on them (Fig. 12.6);
3) with the support of the mounted equipment directly on the foundation (Fig. 12, c).

It should be borne in mind that when using the first method of connecting equipment to the foundation, increased requirements are imposed on the quality of the grout, since the installation and operational loads from the equipment to the foundation are transferred directly through the grout array. In the second method of connecting the equipment to the foundation, the loads from the equipment are perceived by the foundation through permanent support elements (packs of linings, support shoes, etc.), and the grouting performed after the final fixing of the equipment has an auxiliary structural or protective purpose. Finally, when using the third method of connecting the equipment to be mounted with the foundation, all loads from the equipment are transferred directly to the foundation. In this case, the supporting surface of the foundation is carefully aligned and processed, so the need to align the equipment directly on the foundation is eliminated.

Rice. 12. Types of equipment connections with the foundation:
a - with the help of temporary support elements, supported by a concrete gravy; b - with support on permanent support elements; c - with support directly on the foundation; 1 - equipment; 2 - foundation bolt; 3 - gravy; 4 - foundation; 5 - temporary support element; 6 - permanent support element

Machines and mechanisms that require increased reliability and rigidity of fastening are installed with continuous support on the gravy using temporary support elements, as well as directly on the foundation. Appliances that require final fixing before grouting, such as vertical ones (because pads are more flexible when tightening foundation bolts than concrete grout), are mounted with mixed support (on grout and permanent support elements).

When installing equipment that requires frequent adjustment of position and rearrangements, use the installation method with local support on permanent support elements (packs of linings, support shoes, inventory jacks) without gravy.

In general, the process of installation and alignment of technological equipment and structures on the foundation is reduced to the following operations:
– achievement of the design accuracy of the position of the equipment in the plan (in the horizontal plane);
- achieving the specified accuracy of the position of the equipment in vertical planes (in height, horizontal or vertical);
– reconciliation with respect to previously installed equipment;
– control of deviation from coaxiality, parallelism and perpendicularity; - fixing the equipment in the design position on the foundation.

The specified accuracy of equipment installation in plan, height and horizontal is achieved in the process of alignment, during which the position of the equipment is adjusted with a step-by-step control of the accuracy of its installation. In this case, the change in the position of the equipment on the foundation in height can be carried out by adjusting the height dimensions of the supporting elements themselves or by preliminary selection of their height, taking into account the estimated accuracy of the installation of the equipment in height.

Support elements of two types are used: permanent in the form of packages of flat or wedge metal linings, support shoes or rigid concrete supports (concrete pads) and temporary support elements, which are adjusting (pressing) screws, adjusting nuts of foundation bolts, inventory jacks, a reduced number of packages metal linings, screw linings, etc.

When choosing the type of support elements and their application, one should be guided by the following considerations:
- temporary support elements are selected depending on the mass of the mounted equipment, taking into account economic feasibility;
- the number of support elements should ensure reliable fastening of the equipment before it is poured;
- the location of temporary support elements is assigned taking into account the convenience of equipment installation and the exclusion of deformations of the supporting parts of the equipment from its own mass, as well as the efforts from pre-tightening the nuts of the foundation bolts;
- permanent support elements should be located as close as possible to the foundation bolts on one or both sides;
- the supporting surface of the equipment after adjusting its position on the foundation should fit snugly against all the supporting elements, which, in turn, should ensure that the equipment fits snugly against the foundation surface, which is controlled by a probe 0.1 mm thick.

The installation of equipment on the foundation without deformation of its supporting part from the mass of the equipment itself and the efforts from the preliminary tightening of the nuts of the foundation bolts is directly dependent on the area of ​​support of the temporary adjusting elements on the foundations. This area, cm2, is determined by the formula

For equipment adjusting screws, S is the area of ​​the base plate.

Reconciliation aims to correct the location of various components in the equipment - mechanisms, parts. It is necessary that all these parts meet certain standards. There is a certain reconciliation algorithm. First of all, a reference geodetic network is created and control over it is carried out. Next, monitoring of the performance and shooting of the equipment under study together with the created network is carried out. This is necessary in order to identify whether the technique and its elements correspond to the geometric parameters. After the control is completed, geodetic documentation is compiled and schemes are developed.

In order for all measurements to be performed accurately and efficiently, they must be carried out with the appropriate equipment. Also, a lot depends on the qualifications of specialists performing geodetic reconciliation. To get the correct results, contact the Guild of Engineering. Here you will be fulfilled alignment of technological equipment both at the installation stage and during repair and dismantling of devices. The foundation for this equipment will also be analyzed for its correctness, strength and geometric compliance.

Geodesy is an accompanist of the installation and dismantling of equipment at industrial facilities. And do not underestimate geodetic surveys, as unprofessional alignment of technological equipment can further affect the implementation of the industrial process. Executive geodetic survey allows you to control the quality of work, as well as the condition of the equipment. Such a survey allows you to detect all deformations in time, as well as take all necessary measures to prevent them.

During the implementation of geodetic alignment, the following processes are carried out:

• work on the creation and control of the reference geodetic network;
• work aimed at monitoring the quality of work of technological equipment. The conformity control of the geometric parameters of the equipment, as well as its individual elements, is carried out;
• office work, which is carried out on the basis of the data obtained during the measurements. Such work includes the preparation and maintenance of executive documentation.

Surveyors of the company "Guild Engineering" when carrying out geodetic alignment of technological equipment, with the subsequent preparation of a report and recommendations for bringing to the design position (turning and moving the support rollers in order to ensure the straightness of the furnace axis) use specialized equipment that allows you to obtain the most accurate data in short lines .

The equipment is delivered to the installation area, unpacked and inspected (in order to assess the technical condition) in the presence of the customer. The installation of equipment involves the execution of operations for its movement by lifting means in the installation area for placement on a prepared foundation.

It is difficult to obtain the surface of a concrete foundation, and more specifically the supporting part, with an accuracy that allows the equipment installed on it to immediately take the required position. Therefore, the installation technology provides for the process of introducing equipment into the design position, which is called alignment.

Alignment in the general case involves checking the position of the equipment: in the horizontal plane (in plan) for the coincidence of the main axes of the equipment with their marks on the embedded plates; in height - in relation to the height mark or previously installed equipment with which it is connected kinematically or technologically; by the angle of inclination to the horizontal (vertical).

Deviations of equipment from the design position should not exceed the allowable values ​​specified in the documentation. If there are no special instructions in this documentation, then it is allowed: displacement of the equipment and foundation axes in terms of 10 mm, deviation from the benchmark in height 10 mm, deviation from the horizontal (vertical) 0.3 mm per 1 m of length.

Alignment is carried out using single-use or reusable alignment devices that allow you to change the position of the equipment in height, and a measuring tool to determine the elevation and angle of inclination to the horizontal. Alignment fixtures, except for a package of flat metal plates, are a temporary support for the equipment. Therefore, after alignment and preliminary fixing of the equipment (Fig. 13.1), the gap between the equipment frame 1 and foundation 5, which is usually 50-80 mm, is filled with concrete 4. At the same time, wells with foundation bolts are also filled with concrete. 2. As a result of this operation, called equipment grouting, after the concrete has hardened, the maximum contact area between the equipment and the foundation is reached, which reduces the pressure on the foundation and increases the friction force that prevents the equipment from moving horizontally. But the supporting surfaces of the equipment and the foundation are preliminarily prepared. From the supporting surface of the equipment, which will be in contact with the concrete solution, remove the lubricant and paint (if any). On the surface of the foundation, sites are marked and leveled for placing plates for alignment devices. Moreover, the deviations of the plates should not exceed: 10 mm in height, 10 mm horizontally per 1 m of length. The foundation surface to be poured with concrete is notched to destroy the cement film, cleaned of contaminants and degreased to ensure strong adhesion of the poured concrete to the foundation surface.

The equipment is placed on the alignment fixtures, at the same time the foundation bolts are inserted into the holes of the supporting part of the equipment, and the bolted connections are assembled without tightening them. Various alignment devices are used, such as hydraulic and screw jacks, spherical self-aligning and wedge chocks, alignment screws, alignment nuts and flat shim packs. Reusable alignment devices are convenient in working with an object of large mass and significant overall dimensions, as they allow you to do without lifting equipment. Alignment nuts and screws are also easy to use, but the use of alignment nuts requires bolts with an extended threaded section, and the use of alignment screws requires threaded holes in the base of the equipment. Flat pad packages (no more than five plates in a package) are simple and versatile, but with each change in the position of the equipment in height and angle of inclination, you need to change the height of the packages by lifting the equipment, and this requires a lifting device.

When aligning the equipment, its position in height is measured, for example, with a hydrostatic or electronic device. The angle of inclination to the horizontal is determined by a bar or frame level, which is installed on a machined surface, for example, a housing connector, flange, pulley, frame, in two mutually perpendicular planes (along the main axes), or a plumb line and a pin-mass if the equipment has a large height and small footprint. The equipment is poured with concrete after alignment and preliminary fixing. And before grouting, the threaded part of the foundation bolts and reusable alignment devices are isolated from contact with concrete, and a formwork is installed to ensure that the space between the foundation surface and the equipment is filled with concrete. Alignment devices and formwork are removed when the concrete strength reaches at least 25% of the design value. The cavities left after the alignment devices are filled with concrete.

The subsequent operations - tightening of bolted joints and the final check of the value of the angle of inclination - are carried out after the concrete reaches a strength of 70% of the design value. To tighten bolted connections, torque wrenches with a given torque value are used to ensure the required and equal strength of all bolted connections.

Supporting metal structures are installed, aligned and fixed on concrete foundations in the general case according to the technological scheme, which is similar to that considered. After the final fixing of the metal structure, equipment is installed on it, aligned and fixed. The kinematically connected equipment is aligned and fixed in a certain sequence, starting from the base unit. Moreover, if there are two connected blocks, the base one is more important, for example: the pump is the base one when connected to the pump, and if there are three blocks, the base one is the middle of the installed ones, in particular, the multiplier in the compressor - multiplier - electric motor chain. If the blocks are connected by means of a coupling, which is basically the case, then after fixing the base block on the foundation, they begin to align the remaining blocks in terms of the angle of inclination in the direction perpendicular to their axes and for alignment with the base block.