Types of fire monitors: stationary, portable, with remote control and robotic. Fire monitor. Portable gun barrel. Stationary fire monitor The principle of operation of GPS generators

In an emergency, much depends on the skills and abilities of people involved in extinguishing fires. Elimination of fire must be carried out quickly, smoothly and most importantly - effectively. That is why each piece of special equipment must meet all technical requirements, as well as be carefully checked and prepared.

The main criteria that must be met (performance characteristics, hereinafter referred to as the performance characteristics of fire monitors) are set out in the tables of special GOSTs, which are developed for almost every model. Types and performance characteristics of fire monitors can also be found on the page of each specific product on our website. There is no universal standard due to the fact that all models differ in performance, jet range, size, type, etc.

Technical characteristics of fire monitors mainly relate to the following parameters:

• pressure (nominal and working);
• flow rate of water or foam at nominal pressure;
• foam ratio;
• jet range by extreme drops (solid water, sprayed water, continuous foam);
• barrel movement (horizontally and vertically);
• angular velocity of rotation of the barrel (horizontally and vertically);
• climatic performance;
• power supply voltage;
• dimensions and weight.

Fire monitor consumption

This is one of the determining parameters when choosing a model, since it characterizes the power of the product and allows you to predict its effectiveness for extinguishing a fire of one degree or another. The water flow rate of the fire monitor is usually indicated in the name, the number indicates the number of liters per second. For example, in the model this figure is 40 l / s.

Working pressure of fire monitors

The water supply to the fire monitor occurs under a certain hydraulic pressure. For most models, a pressure of 0.6 - 0.8 MPa is considered to be working.

Fire monitor nozzles

An important element in the design of the fire monitor is the nozzle. It can be removable, reclining and non-removable. Replaceable water and air-foam nozzles allow you to use different types of extinguishing agent. The diameter of the nozzle affects the consumption of the fire monitor and, consequently, its performance.

Adjustable nozzles are considered the most versatile, with the help of which the water jet can change from continuous to scattered. Switching between the extinguishing agent is also available - that is, the supply of air-mechanical foam instead of water, and changing the angle of the jet torch. The universal nozzle provides the ability to adjust the fluid flow according to the situation.

Requirements for nozzles for certain models of drugs are prescribed in the relevant GOSTs.

The performance of the fire monitor can be calculated on the basis of the main technical characteristics (jet compactness, nozzle diameter, pressure, water supply intensity, etc.). Also of great importance for the calculation is the fire extinguishing depth of the fire monitor, or, in other words, the radius of action. For the majority and drugs, it is 10 m (for manual fire nozzles, this figure is less). Based on all these parameters, using specially developed formulas, it is possible to calculate the extinguishing area covered by a particular piece of fire equipment, and, accordingly, correctly calculate the required number of extinguishing devices.

Taking into account the technical characteristics of fire monitors allows fire brigades to achieve high efficiency in eliminating fires of various sizes.

Other requirements for fire monitors

Requirements for fire monitors exist not only in terms of technical characteristics, but also in relation to the qualities of the materials from which the device is made. It is clear that all parts must be of high quality, reliable and proven. It is not allowed to use materials that do not comply with GOSTs and other regulatory documents.

The cast parts of the devices shall generally be made of stainless steel, but other materials may also be used if they do not differ in quality. Particular attention is paid to the anti-corrosion protection of all units and components, since the fire nozzle must remain operational with constant interaction with water and foam solutions. This is especially true for devices that are used in ports or in the navy. In such cases, the fire monitor coating must be additionally resistant to sea water.

Also, another point of the performance characteristics of fire monitors is the paintwork, which should be as resistant to detergents and lubricants as possible. It is also worth noting that absolutely all parts and assemblies must be replaceable.

Fire monitors (water cannons) are a device that shoots a high-speed stream of water. As a rule, trunks can pass a large volume of water, often tens of meters. Such barrels are used in firefighting, vehicle washes, riot control and mining. Most water cannons fall under the category of fire monitors.

Fire monitors are high-capacity water jet control devices used for manual fire extinguishing or automatic fire protection systems.

Fire monitors can be divided into two broad ranges of applications. The first category is fixed fire monitors, usually made of brass or stainless steel, for use in industrial fire protection systems in locations such as oil and chemical refineries. The second - the main category of trunks is designed for use in fire engines. They are made from lighter weight materials, usually aluminum alloys, to help reduce overall vehicle weight.

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Types of fire monitors

Roof monitors are often installed on fireboats, tug boats, and most fire engines for use in manual firefighting, where they can deliver a targeted stream of water or foam to a single firefighter while out of fire danger range. Powder barrels are sometimes installed in fixed fire protection systems to protect high risk sites such as aircraft hangars and helicopter landing pads. Similarly, facilities with flammable materials such as oil refineries have fixed fire monitors. Most fire monitors can be directed by a single firefighter, compared to a standard fire hose, which usually requires several. Portable barrel options allow the firefighter to mount a gun to supply water to the flame while he or she can take care of other tasks.

Performance and consumption

Fire monitors can fire 7,600 liters per minute or more. Standard barrels used by the US Fire Department have a flow rate of 1300 liters per minute or more. The trunk is often found at the end of telescopic ladders. The high pressure they require makes them unsuitable for manual use.

Control types

Control options should not be viewed simply as personal preference, but as an integral part of the Efficiency and Safety Department's operational goals.

Most are familiar with manual control, however, there are some other indicators for manual fire monitors. The most important of these is to provide ergonomic and safe operating conditions. The two most common manual barrel control configurations are 1) tiller and 2) geared wheel. Tiller steering allows the barrel to be set up very quickly, but can require more manpower compared to geared wheel steering.

Electronic controls

They provide a significant security advantage. Typically, the setpoint for the electronic monitor is located on the pump control panel. When using electronic control, the firefighter must not rise above the apparatus to operate it. The National Fire Protection Association of the United States of America, in its gun carriage guidelines, recommends the use of remote-operated barrels "without the need for a person to climb to the top of the apparatus." Electrical control also allows control from multiple locations.

Hydraulic and pneumatic controls

They provide pretty much the same benefits as electronic controls and were indeed the earliest options. With the ever-increasing flexibility of electrical control, hydraulics and pneumatics, little can justify their cost and demanding maintenance.

Wireless control

Like almost everything else, wirelessly controlled fire monitors are now also available. Wireless control essentially provides all the benefits of electronic control while allowing the operator to be completely removed from the device. The firefighter can better direct the jet from the barrel while remaining in a safer and less congested area and performing other firefighting tasks. In many cases, control over a wireless network can be economically justified. In the case of antennas and multiple control points, where long paths can raise the cost of a traditional wired control system, wireless monitors are not expensive.

Risks of use

Barrels bring with them many risks when used in urban environments. The jet should never be launched into a building with people inside, because the force of the stream can knock down a supporting wall in the building structure, after which collapse and blockage of people is possible. In addition, the steam generated by the large volume of water supplied can cause oxygen to be expelled from the enclosed area, creating a risk of asphyxiation.

Fire barrels, similar to the weapons elements of the same name, are designed to supply substances that extinguish a fire to the source of ignition. Modern PTV models, in addition, have one more function - they form a jet, it can be compact, sprayed solid and other configurations. Manufacturers offer various devices in terms of design, dimensions, diameter, throughput, configuration, and principle of operation. All of them are in demand in practice, since the equipment and means today are diverse. It is advisable to make the choice of a specific model taking into account the conditions for the upcoming use, NPB 177-99 and the performance characteristics of fire nozzles.

These devices are used to equip hydrants, pumps, columns, cranes, special vehicles, and more. It is this device that provides the formation, supply and direction of a jet of substance to extinguish the fire. Some fire hose modifications can create water curtains or foam. The extinguishing area of ​​manual fire nozzles and modifications with a carriage is determined by the type of device. The latest generation of models allows you to supply compounds or water as far as possible, and form the safety of fire professionals.

Classification

There are different types and types of fire nozzles:

• Manual fire nozzles. They are used to extinguish fires with hand-held equipment. The depth of efficiency does not exceed 5 meters. Special nozzles are provided for working with various substances. The devices are used to eliminate the initial stages of a fire, but in large-scale emergencies they are ineffective.
• Flight devices. This equipment is mainly used on specialized towers and special equipment for firefighters. Models differ in landing height, complete set of nozzles and the presence / absence of regulatory mechanisms. Combined modifications are highly effective, they create a spray jet, it is fed at an angle, which at the same time provides protection for the firefighter.

Important! The choice of this type of PTV, the procedure for operation, maintenance and other aspects are regulated by GOST R 51115-97, 9923-93 and 53331-2009.

Fire monitor marking

Fire monitors - types, characteristics can be found by marking:

• B - working devices installed on car trailers. They are equipped with rotational mechanisms, which increases the range of their use.
• C - stationary equipment, their purpose - a complete set of internal. In some cases, the standards allow them to be equipped with fire fighting equipment and towers.
• D - models with the possibility of remote adjustment. All parameters can be remotely adjusted: switching on and off, the pressure of the fire extinguishing composition and the jet direction, the consumption of fire nozzles and other technical parameters.
• P - universal mobile modification, optimal for pumping units.

Marking of manual models

From the labeling of hand-held devices, you can find out their purpose. Below is a breakdown of the most popular brands:

• RS-50, 50P, 70. These devices belong to the removable category. They allow you to quickly lengthen the sleeve, change or maintain a continuous jet.
• RS 50.01 or 70.01. These are non-removable modifications, they form a continuous water jet, the pressure of which cannot be regulated.
• PSA, RSK, RSP. These are a series of portable devices that are used exclusively at an angle, which ensures the safety of firefighters. Are completed with various nozzles, including for giving of foamy substances.
• RSSC 70. This type of sleeve device is versatile and highly efficient. It is connected to fire-fighting water pipelines at the facilities, allows you to adjust the parameters and configuration of the jet, and is used with any fire extinguishing compositions.

Purpose, device and principle of operation of manual fire nozzles and fire monitors

A typical PS design involves several working modules:

• brass, aluminum or plastic case;
• head for switching with a sleeve, distinguish between pin, sleeve and couplings;
• nozzles that provide the shape of the jet;
• fittings and couplings for attaching additional devices, such as foam generators or sprayers;
• accessories such as a carrying strap.

According to the performance characteristics and the type of extinguishing agent used, manual fire nozzles and equipment with a gun carriage are classified:

• models for creating a small but powerful jet;
• shut-off modifications equipped with a shut-off crane;
• universal models;
• universal modifications that create a curtain;
• combined equipment, for example ORT 50;
• foam devices with low expansion;
• foam models that provide a multiplicity above average are called foam generators - GSP-600.

Tactical and technical parameters of fire nozzles

A description of the capabilities of a particular hose is indicated in the instruction manual that comes with it. Therefore, before buying a product, it is advisable to get acquainted with the documentation. It is important to choose models that meet the conditions of the upcoming operation, and not focus only on price. The following are the main technical characteristics of these devices:

• the maximum pressure for which the PS is designed, the parameter is indicated in atmospheres or in kgf / cm2;
• the maximum volume of fire extinguishing agent that can be released per unit of time, while the operating pressure is maintained in the system, this indicator determines the water consumption of the device, it must correspond to the performance of pumping equipment;
• operating range, calculated at nominal pressure and standard angle.

Note! When choosing, you should be guided by the type of head for commutation with a sleeve. It must correspond to it in terms of connecting parameters.

Application procedure

In order for a person using PS to maintain strength for a long time, but to act productively and purposefully, one should take the proper position of the body, there are several working postures:

• Standing position. The supporting leg is in front, the weight of the equipment and the body is distributed evenly - on both supports. One hand holds the device from below with the palm of the hand and a finger from above. The second one holds the device on the connecting element.
• Knee position. The man puts one foot on his knee. The second is set aside a little forward. One hand holds the PS at the side, the other supports it by the nozzle.
• Lying position. The person lies down with an emphasis on the elbows. The barrel is held in the same way as the standard position.
• Stair position. A man snaps a carabiner onto the structure. The sleeve is also installed on it using a fixture. The hands act similarly to the standing position.

On a note! To redirect the jet in the right direction, the body is rotated and the nozzle is deployed there, the position of other parts of the body does not change. When working with shut-off shafts, the valve is opened by the hand holding the nozzle. The line itself must be held by a grenade launcher.

Technical regulations for this type of PTV:

• the jet configuration is formed at the outlet of the nozzle;
• fire extinguishing agents are sprayed evenly throughout the configuration;
• the transformation of the jet configuration from normal to drip is carried out without transitions - in one movement;
• the consumption of extinguishing agents is carried out without stopping its supply to the fire;
• at nominal pressure, the device retains its performance characteristics and ensures the tightness of all elements;
• barrels with a gun carriage are fixed at certain vertical angles;
• changes in the direction of the substation are remotely provided using an electric or hydraulic drive.

The parameters of foam generators are somewhat different from the purpose, design and principle of operation of manual fire nozzles and columns:

• the equipment creates foam with a multiplicity above average;
• foam mixers create a foam solution of the desired concentration;
• tightness and reliability are guaranteed in work.

Features and differences of air-foam models of barrels and foam generators

Air-foam modifications and foam generators are used to create foam. The first devices form compositions of low multiplicity, the second - above average.

• SVPE and SVP. These modifications work with containers. The devices are formed from a housing divided into three chambers, one of them with a discharged space, a connecting head, a casing and a nipple. The fire extinguishing composition passes through the chambers, the discharged space forms foamy masses of it and air. From the device, they enter the hose, and then to the fire.
• GPS. Consist of cassette, body, head and belt. A 6% composition is supplied to the spray device, where it is crushed into separate droplets. On the route to the grids, air is sucked into the substance. The foam itself is already formed in the cassette. The mass is pushed out of the generator by increasing its volume. It is important to protect the mesh cassette from rust and damage.

Safety in the operation of equipment for the formation of fire-extinguishing foam

Employees who have completed specialized courses and successfully passed the exam are allowed to work with PTV. They must have a solid knowledge of the content rules, the procedure for using and the technical regulations of the PS. In addition, employees are required to undergo regular training. The equipment must undergo daily maintenance to keep it working:

• visual inspection of all elements of fire-technical equipment, especially working parts: nozzles, nets, moving parts and handles;
• checking for the absence of contaminants, including the opening through which the formulations are fed;
• check meshes for damage;
• testing the reliability of connections, if problems are identified, they need to be adjusted;
• checking the movements of moving parts in all planes, if a malfunction is detected, the use of lubricants;
• when performing operations, attention should be paid to the pressure indicators on the measuring device;
• upon completion of work, remove contaminants and compounds from the barrel;
• remove liquid from the equipment, this is especially important in winter;
• after use, eliminate the identified malfunctions and wipe the equipment dry.

All of the above applies not only to the barrel itself, but also to the nozzles. Fire nozzles are not allowed near overhead power lines. The distance must not be less than the range of the fire extinguishing agent. The line should be unwound straight, and its contour should not have creases and curvature. There should be no sharp objects near it. Fire extinguishing agents are fed into the hoses with a gradual increase in pressure, this stops the risk of ruptures. After completion of operation, the equipment should be completely dried, this is especially true for metal parts.

Fire nozzles are indispensable elements in the composition of fire extinguishing systems. With their help, the effect of extinguishing fires is much higher than it would be done manually with only one fire extinguisher. In total, there are two types of fire nozzles - fire monitors and manual. The former are more powerful and functional than manual ones.

The photo shows a manual fire barrel SRK-50

Application area

A fire monitor is a device for supplying an extinguishing agent into a combustion zone under high pressure. It is always installed at the very end of the pressure line. The device is necessary for the formation of a jet of foam or water and spraying them over the flame. Their scope is wide: elimination of fires, cooling of objects, deposition of suspensions of toxic substances in the air.

The main purpose of the monitor installation is to extinguish large fires in high-rise buildings, in oil and gas industries, warehouses of combustible and flammable substances and materials, ships, seaports and structures in coastal areas. Its use in other industrial facilities is not excluded.

At large production facilities, you can find a stationary fire monitor having a remote control. More often, in the projects of automatic fire extinguishing systems, deluge and sprinkler installations are replaced precisely with a fire monitor, which may not always be economically and technically justified. Professional firefighters have in their arsenal a fire monitor mounted on the roof of a fire truck, which saves time on preparing equipment for extinguishing.

Stationary fire monitor with flange and handle

Classification

According to the type of extinguishing agent sprayed, fire monitors are divided into:

1. Powder.
2. Water.
3. Foamy.

By mobility and possibly fixing:

• remote;
• stationary;
• portable.

Portable fire monitor indispensable where it is required to create a certain formation of the flow of the fire extinguishing mixture. Firefighters attach this type of barrel to a fire hose, thus organizing more effective fire fighting. Its design includes a receiving body with a barrel, pressure and distribution pipes, a swivel unit, a locking mechanism, and a control handle. The hose line is connected to the distribution pipe. The disadvantage of using such a device for firefighting needs is the lack of a sufficient level of stability at a high pressure of water or foam supply.

Stationary option mounted either on the roof of a fire truck, or as part of fire extinguishing automation in production areas and warehouses. It is used when it is required to supply a fire extinguishing agent over a long distance, to high-rise buildings, as well as in situations where fire extinguishing work must be carried out at a safe distance from the accident site. The operating temperature range is from -60 to +50 degrees Celsius. Additionally, stationary devices are equipped with a pressure gauge to control the pressure inside the system, a regulator for the flow of fire extinguishing mixture, a special ejector for taking foam from another container on other machines, and a sprinkler that forms a water curtain.

The remote-controlled fire monitor also has several classifications:

1. By location: mounted on a trolley, on the roof of a fire transport, on a fire-fighting water supply or hose line.
2. According to the flow of extinguishing agent: with a controlled flow (for example, from 15 to 25 l / s, or from 100 to 150 l / s) and with a constant flow (20, 40, 60, 100 or 150 l / s).
3. According to the method of remote control: by radio channel or by cable line.
4. By climate category: general purpose or marine purpose.
5. According to the degree of protection: dust- and moisture-proof, or explosion-proof.

The remote fire monitor, the characteristics of which are established by GOST R 55622-2013, can operate both at a temperature of -40 degrees Celsius and at a temperature of +40 degrees Celsius. Such devices, installed on the roof of the fire truck, provide rotation of the trunk both in the horizontal plane by ±165° and in the vertical plane by -15°…+75°.

Remote fire monitor

The range of the fire extinguishing mixture jet with continuous supply to the combustion source is more than 15 m. At the same time, any variations in the installation of angles vertically and horizontally make it possible to exclude contact between the fire extinguishing agent and the fire truck cabin, as well as other devices installed on the roof. The flow rate of the fire monitor in working condition will be more than 20 l / s. The body of the remote fire monitor is painted in light gray, beige, light green or blue. The control panel provides remote execution of the following manipulations:

• switching on / off / pause in the operation of the fire extinguishing system;
• changing the position of the trunk in space vertically or horizontally;
• installation of automatic movement of the barrel atomizer;
• control of operating modes: directional jet or spray.

All types of fire monitors are universal, i.e. can form both a directional jet and a water curtain.

Device

Carriage-type fire installations are externally made of metal (aluminum alloy) in the form of a curved pipe. Due to the aluminum content, the gun carriages have a low weight, which allows them to be distanced when extinguishing fires. The metal is resistant to corrosion and low temperatures. A pressure pipe is connected to the curved pipe through a fixing device. Inside the pipe there are blades that form a jet of water. The movement levers allow firefighters to direct the fire extinguishing agent at the desired angle.

The maximum weight of the fire monitor is 42 kg.

It is important to remember that the consumption of the foam concentrate will be much more economical than using pure water. However, when using a foaming agent, the jet distance is reduced by 30%.

Fire monitor device

Work with fire monitors

The sequence of actions when working with a fire monitor depends on the type of device.

Before activating the stationary fire extinguishing system, the head of the fire department appoints a calculation of 2 employees. The second climbs into the cabin of the fire truck, sets the extinguishing angle, opens the shut-off valve and gives the first command to be ready.

If a portable system is used, then the second fireman lowers the device from the roof, passes it to the first and remains at the starting device on the car. The first one carries the barrel to the place of extinguishing and connects it with fire hoses. Further, after connecting and setting the extinguishing angle, it reports its readiness.

Price

The price of fire monitors also directly depends on their type and design features. For example, the cost of a stationary fire monitor without additional nozzles and a pressure gauge will cost 18 thousand rubles, while with nozzles - 25 thousand rubles.

Portable fire monitor

A portable fire monitor without an additional kit will cost around 30-35 thousand rubles, and ordering additional elements increases the cost to 40-45 thousand rubles.

The maximum possible consumption of water or foam will also affect the cost, the higher the consumption, the higher the price will be. At the same time, the warranty period of service is 10 years, regardless of the cost of the carriage.

Video - fire monitor in practice:

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Not many people understand the difference between a fire monitor and a simple fire fighter's hand gun. When it is necessary to introduce forces and means to extinguish a fire using large amounts of water, and at the same time also pointwise, this type of fire-technical equipment is most often used in divisions.

Consider the main modifications.

You can study the detailed characteristics of fire monitors by clicking on the link on the website of the manufacturer of this type of equipment: http://lafet01.ru, the project presents most of the modern models.

Stationary

(major modifications)

From the name, it immediately becomes clear that the equipment is fixed on a platform or on the roof of a fire truck. The supply of water or water-foam solution through the device is carried out using manual control by the operator. Modifications provide for the possibility of splitting the jet into continuous and sprayed, or a combined method of supplying extinguishing agents. There are models that are able to create a water curtain for the barrelman.

Pros:

• high intensity of supply of fire extinguishing agents;
• no scavenger required

Minuses:

• not mobile;
• difficult to maintain.

The main modifications differ only in characteristics. Let's analyze the abbreviation with an example fire monitor LS-S20Uze.

The letters have the following meaning:

• LS - fire monitor barrel,
• C - stationary,
• 20 - consumption of fire extinguishing agent in HP,
• Y - the ability to form different jets of OM supply, that is, universal.
• SE - the ability to create a protective screen.

There are modifications with adjustable supply of fire extinguishing agent. This is usually indicated by the manufacturer in the model name, as well as a flow rate of up to 100 liters per second.

Design

1. Support structure;

2. Barrel body;

2. Nozzles;

4. Inlet pipe mounted on the supporting structure;

5. Outlet pipe;

6. Hinge;

7. Fixing device;

8. Handle.

portable

Portable drugs are distinguished by their mobility, and the ability to supply agents where specialized equipment cannot pass. Back in the days of the USSR, the most popular model was the PLS-P20, which are still used by the firefighters of our country, progress is changing, and soon we will no longer see its use on fire.

Modern portable fire monitors have such modifications as: Fire monitor LS-P20Uze. The designation of letters is similar to the example written above, but with one clarification. In this case, the letter "P" stands for portable.

There are almost no changes in design features, a device of this type includes:

• barrel body;
• pressure pipes;
• receiving body with a half-nut;
• retainer;
• handles for controlling the mechanism;
• platform (base).

Pros:

• mobile;
• light weight;
• easier to maintain.

Minuses:

• time of filing, deployment and installation of the trunk;
• site selection for installation;
• under high pressure, instability is possible.

Despite some disadvantages, most firefighters give more preference to this type of fire-technical equipment than to stationary drugs, since the possibilities for supplying fire extinguishing agents are more effective.

Stationary with remote control

Modifications of trunks with the designation of remote control in a simpler language, with remote control. This type of fire protection equipment is used at strategically important facilities, industrial enterprises. They have proven themselves especially well at serving oil rigs, as well as oil refining bases. The use of a fire monitor with remote control is caused by a direct threat to personnel.

The design is similar to that of a stationary LS, but with a control unit and a mechanism that sets the barrel in motion.
The device management process is very simple. The operator can change the type of jet, the angle of inclination, flow rate, as well as the direction of the barrel itself using a radio channel or cable line, thereby eliminating the impact of fire hazards.

The main models on the market have the designation: LSD-S20U (water flow from 20 to 60 liters per second.)

Pros:

• no scavenger required.

Minuses:

• price;
• difficult to maintain;
• not mobile.

robotic

In other words, Robotic - the purpose is similar to remote-controlled drugs. In the world more and more preferences are given to such modern equipment. As previously mentioned, this type of fire extinguishing equipment is simply necessary when extinguishing fires with a great risk for the personnel of the units.

Remote control and monitoring of the situation, these are the main advantages over standard fire monitors. It is worth noting that the equipment market changes every code and more and more advanced models equipped with video cameras, thermal, infrared sensors and other innovations appear. Many models presented for sale have explosion protection, not to mention dust and moisture resistance.

The main task of the application: localization and elimination of a fire in the size that it took before the introduction of extinguishing agents. Specialized software, with the help of which the equipment is configured, allows you to determine the necessary parameters in each case for extinguishing.

As with younger brothers, water and foam are used to extinguish. It is capable of extinguishing both automatically and manually up to 15 thousand square meters, depending on the intensity of the supply of fire extinguishing agent, according to the commands given by the operator. The design of such a shaft is regulated by established standards in accordance with GOST.

Applies to objects:

• warehouses;
• chemical and oil industry;
• in seaports;
• at other critical facilities.

Pros:

• protection of personnel from OFP;
• high efficiency;
• high intensity of supply of fire extinguishing agents;
• no launcher required;
• wide range of applications.

Minuses:

• price;
• difficult to maintain.