Presentation on the topic "The War of Independence of the United States". War of Independence in the USA. American Revolutionary War war between Great Britain and the Loyalists (loyal to the legitimate government of the British Crown) - presentation open space for free competition outside

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In March 1780, Catherine II signed a declaration of "armed neutrality". England had to repel not only the onslaught of the American army, but also the attacks of the allies.

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The number of battleships of opponents

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In 1781, British troops surrendered to American and French troops near Yorktown.

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In 1783 - the signing of a peace treaty. England recognized the formation of the United States.

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The War of Independence, which at one time was a model of a revolutionary war, influenced the struggle of the European bourgeoisie against the feudal-absolutist order.

About 7 thousand European volunteers fought in the ranks of the American army, among them the French Marquis Lafayette, A. Saint-Simon, the Pole T. Kosciuszko. The war for independence was welcomed by the progressive people of many countries, including Russia. A. N. Radishchev sang it in the ode "Liberty".

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In 1787, the United States adopted a constitution, the most progressive in the world.

The Constitution was supplemented by the "Bill of Rights". A bourgeois-democratic republic was established in the USA. The War of Independence destroyed all the obstacles that hindered the development of industry.

New story, 7th grade

" War for independence. Creation of the United States of America"

Tikhonova G.I., history teacher

Lesson plan:

1. The beginning of the war for freedom and justice.

4. Successful diplomacy. End of the war.

5. Results and significance of the War of Independence.

6. The need for the adoption of the Constitution.

7. US Constitution.

In 1774, the Continental Council met in Philadelphia.

Congress that adopted the Declaration

Let's write down the definitions:

Congress is a meeting on international issues

Declaration is an official document containing important provisions

The armed struggle began on April 19, 1775. Thus began the war for independence. The creation of a regular army was entrusted to a wealthy Virginia planter George Washington

Beginning of the War of Independence

Two camps:

warring

Patriots -

Loyalists -

supporters

independence

supporters of the king

United States Declaration of Independence

July 4, 1776 The Philadelphia Congress adopted the Declaration of Separation from England. It proclaimed the creation of an independent state of the United States of America (USA).

United States Declaration of Independence

Created by Thomas Jefferson

End and results of the war:

Allies

France

Holland

Spain

Russia

End and results of the war:

In 1781 the main English forces surrendered

near Yorktown

End and results of the war:

In 1783, an equitable peace treaty was signed between the United States and Great Britain, in which England recognized the independence of the United States.

The results of the war:

1) the destruction of enterprises in the development of industry and trade;

2) open space for free competition within the country;

3) freedom in the disposal of property

4) but slavery persisted

Reasons for the adoption of the Constitution:

1) the decline of the economy

2) lack of funds to overcome economic chaos

3) the need to create a strong central government

4) the ruin of farmers

5) poverty

6) uprisings of the farm poor

US Constitution:

IN May 1787 In Philadelphia, a special meeting of state representatives drafted the US Constitution.

Homework:

Paragraph 24, task 3 in writing

Test Yourself 3. In what year was the first English settlement in North America founded? A d. B d. C d. D d.

Check yourself 9. Indicate the reasons for the conflict between the metropolis and the colonies: A. Free trade is limited B. The ban on the production of industrial machines in the colonies C. The ban on the opening of manufactories D. The introduction of stamp duty E. There was no representation of the colonies in the English Parliament

Beginning of the War of Independence In the winter of 1774, the colonists began to arm themselves. They convened the Continental Congress which became the government. In June 1775, a decision was made to form an army, headed by George Washington. This led to the actual unification of the colonies to fight the king. Washington hero. Engraving of the 19th century.

The beginning of the War of Independence The country was divided into two camps: patriots and loyalists supporters of the independence of the "legitimate" authority of the colonies of the English king and the English Parliament Representatives of what social groups were included in these two camps?

Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence proclaimed the Creation of an independent state - the United States of America (USA) The principle of popular sovereignty - power must come from the people and the people's right to overthrow the government that violates their rights Equality of people Inalienable human rights - life, liberty, pursuit of happiness

Military operations in During the winter, the Congressional army, which still bore little resemblance to the regular army, experienced great difficulties in supplying and arming. Under the influence of successive defeats, the army was losing morale. It was reduced from 34 thousand to 4 thousand people. The colonists were poorly armed and poorly dressed, and there was not enough ammunition. Many did not want to serve in the army.

Military operations in - confiscation of land and its sale in small plots - it is allowed to settle behind the Allegheny Mountains - the abolition of payment for land rent -T. Jefferson proposed to allocate land from the fund of western lands to all the poor.

Military operations in In 1775, the defeat at Lexington, then at Bankershill; In January 1777, D. Washington defeated the British at Princeton; October 19, 1777 the British army is surrounded at Saratoga; In the fall of 1781, American-French troops near Yorktown (Virginia) defeated the British. In 1783, a peace treaty was signed, according to which the former English colonies in New England were recognized as independent.

Military operations in End of the war. Europe announced the recognition of the United States. This was done by France, Spain and the Netherlands. They became allies of the Americans. England turned to Russia for help, but she took a position of "armed neutrality" and announced the support of the United States.

Military operations in End of the war. Marquis Gilbert de Lafayette () a supporter of the rebels, equipped and armed the division entrusted to him with his own money. His exploits became known in France. Voltaire called Lafayette "the hero of the New World". General Lafayette Unknown artist 18th century

The results and significance of the War of Independence The nature of the war National liberation - an end to dependence on England Revolution - fundamental changes (a republican system was established, freedom of enterprise, private property) But slavery remained in the southern states, the Indians were driven from the lands, the life of the poor remained difficult

Constitution of 1787 Legislature - US Congress Upper House - Lower House - Senate House of Representatives 2 representatives The number of representatives from each state depended on the number of residents of the state - Appointed to the highest posts - discussed bills - Managed foreign policy - approved the budget - Could judge the highest state -x - claimed the taxes of employees (even the president) - impeachment

“Bill of Rights” – 10 Amendments to the Constitution Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, right to petition The right to keep and bear arms Prohibited from placing soldiers in private homes without the consent of the owner Prohibition of arbitrary searches and arrests Guarantees of due criminal process, prohibition of repeated prosecution for the same offense, the right not to testify against oneself, guarantees for requisitions Rights of the accused, including the right to a jury trial The right to a jury trial in civil cases Prohibition of excessive bails and fines, cruel and unusual punishments List of rights not to be construed in the Constitution as a derogation from other rights Powers not expressly reserved by the Constitution to the United States are reserved to the states and citizens

The American War of Independence was a war between Great Britain and the Loyalists (loyal to the legitimate government of the British Crown) on the one hand, and the revolutionaries of 13 English colonies (patriots) on the other, who declared their independence from Great Britain as an independent union state, in 1776.

THE PREHISTORY OF THE WAR In 1765, the British government passed the Stamp Act through Parliament, according to which all trade and other civil documents were subject to a stamp duty. At the same time, it was decided to station 10,000 British troops in America. With the obligation of the Americans to provide him with housing, certain foodstuffs and pieces of furniture for the convenience of the soldiers. The Stamp Act was openly unfair to Americans. So, for example, in order to obtain the rights of a notary in England, one had to pay 2 pounds sterling, and in America 10. In addition, this was the first law on taxes that were intended directly for England, that is, it was beneficial only to England. Prior to this, taxes were used to develop the infrastructure of trade and industry and were generally understood by the population.

In Massachusetts, the famous phrase attributed to J. Otis, which became the motto "Taxes without representation is tyranny", was uttered in the struggle: turned into a shorter slogan "No taxes without representation". The Virginia assembly saw in the stamp act a clear desire to reduce the freedom of Americans. In the same year, 1765, the "Congress Against the Stamp Duty" met in New York, representing most of the colonies; he drafted the Declaration of the Rights of the Colonies. Organizations calling themselves the Sons of Liberty began to appear in almost all the colonies. They burned effigies and houses of English officials. Among the leaders of the Sons of Liberty was John Adams, one of the founding fathers of the United States and the future second president of the country.

Boston Tea Party In 1773, the East India Company received the right to import tea duty-free. This led to the ruin of many merchants. The colonists refused to buy tea. In Boston, the governor decided to unload the tea. Members of the "Sons of Liberty" under the guise of Indians entered the British ships and threw 45 tons of tea overboard.

The congress was called the First Continental Congress and was attended by George Washington, Samuel and John Adams and other prominent American figures. The First Continental Congress reviewed laws that violated the interests of the colonies. Congress developed a petition to the king and an appeal to the English people, these documents recognized America's connection with the mother country, but insisted on the abolition of the last parliamentary acts regarding the colonies and demanded justice, otherwise threatening to stop trade with England. A "Declaration of Rights and Complaints" was issued, which contained a statement about the rights of the American colonies to "life, liberty and property", and also protested against the customs and tax policies of the mother country. Congress declared a boycott of British goods up to the complete abolition of discriminatory acts. After the Boston incident, which banned legislative assemblies, they, however, continued to meet, and on September 5, 1774, a completely illegal Congress of representatives from 12 colonies (55 representatives from all the American colonies of Great Britain, with the exception of Georgia) was opened in Philadelphia, chosen by the legislative assemblies. First Continental Congress

The battles of Lexington and Concord were the first armed clashes during the American Revolutionary War. The first shots of battle were fired at dawn on April 19, 1775 at Lexington. The regular army outnumbered the militia, the latter retreated, and the regular British units entered Concord. On the North Bridge of Concord, about 500 militiamen fought and defeated three companies of the royal army. The outnumbered regular troops were forced to retreat. More militia soon arrived, causing heavy casualties among the regulars and forcing them to retreat to Boston. The increased numbers of militia blocked the narrow strip of land leading to Charleston and Boston, thus starting the so-called Siege of Boston. Ralph Waldo Emerson, in his Concord Hymn, described the first shot of the patriots on the North Bridge as "gunshots heard all over the world".

Representatives from all 13 states came to the Congress. Decisions were made on the organization of the armed forces, on the appointment of General D. Washington as commander-in-chief of the American army. In May 1776, the colonies were asked to organize completely independent authorities, a resolution was adopted that "all power emanating from England should be completely eliminated". Second Continental Congress (May 10, 1781) Despite the reserved attitude of a number of states towards the idea of ​​independence, in July 1776 the Congress adopted the fundamental document for the new state - the "Declaration of Independence". It proclaimed a break with the mother country and the self-determination of the colonies in the new state formation of the American nation.

Thomas Jefferson Author of the "Declaration of Independence" Third US President Declaration of Independence, the founding document of the American Revolution, adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776 and proclaiming the separation from Great Britain of its 13 North American colonies. It was the first document in history that proclaimed the principle of sovereignty as the basis of the state system. Its minted formulations asserted the right of the people to revolt and overthrow the despotic government, proclaimed the basic ideas of democracy - the equality of people, their "inalienable rights, including the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." The Declaration became not only the "certificate of the birth" of the new state, but also a recognized monument of American literature: Jefferson managed to express well-known principles and ideas in magnificent language, in a concise and accessible form. Declaration of Independence

The signing of the Declaration of Independence painting by John Trumbull US education The first US President George Washington spoke about the US flag: We took the stars from heaven, red is the color of our homeland, the white stripes that separate it mean that we have separated from it; these white stripes will go down in history as a symbol of freedom.

The course of the war After an unsuccessful attempt to capture the city of Charleston (South Carolina), the British transferred their forces to the north. From July 1776, William Howe won a series of victories: he captured New York and inflicted several tangible blows on the troops of Washington, who had to retreat across the Delaware River. Washington had no special talent as a commander, and his people could not compare with the regular English forces, but this strong the man never gave up, and besides, the British, who fought on foreign territory, began to have problems with supplies and replenishment. Washington boosted the morale of his troops by crossing the Delaware River again and surprising the enemy's nearly 1,000-strong garrison on Christmas night in 1776. However, the following year, success was again on the side of General Howe, who captured Philadelphia. Washington's army was thinned out after that frosty winter.

The British were let down by hopelessly poor planning. While Howe's corps marched on Philadelphia, another general, John Burgoyne, hoping to link up with him north of New York, led his army from Canada towards the city of Albany through difficult terrain, falling into rebel ambush. As a result, the British were surrounded by superior enemy forces and laid down their arms near Saratoga. Inspired by the success of the rebels, the French entered the war on the side of America. The Spanish and Dutch soon followed suit. The British, who had lost command of the sea, had to fight on several fronts. George III was already ready to make concessions, but the Americans needed only independence. The course of the war

The surrender of the British at Yorktown A thousand-strong American-French army (Lafayette, Marquis of Rochambeau, George Washington) forced the 9,000-strong army of the British General Cornwallis to surrender on October 19 at Yorktown in Virginia, after the French fleet of Admiral de Grasse (28 ships) cut off the British troops from the metropolis on 5 September. The defeat at Yorktown was the heaviest blow for England, which predetermined the outcome of the war.

The results of the war Having lost troops in North America, Great Britain sat down at the negotiating table in Paris. On November 30, 1782, an armistice was concluded, and on September 3, 1783, Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States. An independent American government ceded Florida to Spain, renounced the west bank of the Mississippi to France, and recognized British rights to Canada. The support of the American Republican separatists turned into a revolution of its own for France, in which "American" veterans took an active part.

US Constitution The US Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787 at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia and subsequently ratified by all thirteen then-existing American states. It is considered the world's first constitution in the modern sense. Consists of seven articles, twenty-seven amendments were adopted during the validity of the Constitution, which are its integral part. The inspiration for the creation of the Constitution was George Madison, one of the founding fathers.

War for independence