Medium submarines of the Shch type X series. Submarines of the "pike" type Tactical - technical elements of the submarine type "sch" series iii
The restoration of the national economy in our country made it possible already in the second half of the 1920s to begin building new surface ships and submarines for the Workers' and Peasants' Red Navy. According to the shipbuilding program approved by the Council of Labor and Defense in December 1926, in the first five-year period it was planned to lay down and build 18 Uragan-class patrol ships, 12 new submarines of the Dekabrist and Leninets type and 36 Sh-4 torpedo boats ", as well as complete the construction of 2 cruisers, 4 destroyers and other ships. Thanks to the dedicated work of shipbuilders, the Soviet navy began to be replenished with submarines, torpedo boats, destroyers and other modern ships created at domestic shipyards. In pursuance of the decision of the Council of Labor and Defense, the design bureau, headed by B. Malinin, began designing the first Soviet submarine of the “D” type, series I, and a team of TsAGI specialists under the leadership of A. Tupolev began designing the first domestic torpedo boat. And already in 1927, 6 “D” type submarines and 8 “Uragan” type patrol ships were laid down at Soviet shipyards. In the same year, the torpedo boat “Pervenets” was tested on the Black Sea and soon the factories mastered their mass production. The successes achieved by Soviet industry during the implementation of the first five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR forced the leadership of the Navy to review and clarify the shipbuilding program of 1926. The basis for this revision was the resolution of the Revolutionary Military Council of May 8, 1928 “On the importance of the Naval Forces in the system of the country’s armed forces,” which set the priority task: “When developing the Navy, strive for a combination of surface and submarine fleets, coastal and mine-positional defense and naval aviation " In April 1929, the Council of Labor and Defense approved a new five-year shipbuilding program for 1928–1933, which, in addition to the 1926 program, provided for the construction of three destroyers, 4 small submarines, two gunboats, several submarine hunters and torpedo boats, and also the completion of several ships and the overhaul of three battleships. It was during the years of the first five-year plan that the ships laid down in 1927 began to enter service. Thus, in 1928–1929, 10 Soviet-built torpedo boats were assigned to the USSR Navy. On November 12, 1930, the first “D” type submarine entered service, and on September 12, 1931, the first patrol ship “Uragan” entered service. In total, during the first five-year plan, the fleet received 6 new submarines, two river monitors, 7 patrol ships and 60 torpedo boats. Meanwhile, Soviet ship designers developed projects for an underwater minelayer of the “L” type, Series II; medium submarine type "Shch" III series; squadron submarine of the Pravda type IV series. At the same time, the design of the leader of the Leningrad-class destroyers was carried out. All this taken together made it possible already in 1932 to create the Pacific Fleet, for which shipbuilders developed projects for a medium submarine of the "Shch" type V series and a small displacement submarine of the "M" type VI series, and a year later, in 1933, to create Naval forces in the North. On July 11, 1933, the Council of Labor and Defense adopted a resolution “On the naval construction program for 1933–1938,” according to which in the 1930s, our shipbuilding industry launched and commissioned new ships of various classes into the Navy, including: light cruisers "Kirov" and "Maxim Gorky", destroyers of the "Gnevny" and "Storozhevoy" types, leaders of the "Leningrad" type, large submarines of the "K" type, medium - types "S", "Shch" and "P", small - type "M", river monitors of the "Zheleznyakov" and "Udarny" type, basic minesweepers of the "Fugas" type, torpedo boats of the "G-5" and "D-3" type, small submarine hunters "MO-IV". These ships were armed with the most advanced technology at that time, created by Soviet scientists and designers. It was during these years that Soviet mechanical engineering mastered the production of diesel engines with a power of 2000 hp; high-power steam power plants for destroyer leaders; aircraft-type boat engine with a reversible clutch. And the defense industry created an excellent 180-mm three-gun turret MK-3-180, which fired at 45 km and had no equal in the world at that time. 130 mm B-13 guns with a firing range of 25 km were developed for new destroyers and leaders, as well as 45 mm 21-K anti-aircraft guns and 100 mm B-34 guns. The Navy received a large ship mine, an aircraft mine and a torpedo, a new torpedo for small ships and torpedo boats, and new torpedo and artillery firing control devices. In total, in the 1930s, 312 warships were built in the Soviet Union, 211 were under construction. New submarines and surface ships had powerful weapons and good seaworthiness. At the same time, much attention was paid to strengthening and developing coastal artillery and naval aviation. By the time of the treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on our country, the Soviet Navy was a significant force. It consisted of four large operational formations - the Northern, Red Banner Baltic, Black Sea and Pacific fleets, as well as the Amur Red Banner, Danube, Caspian and Pinsk flotillas, numbering more than 1000 surface and submarine ships of various classes. On June 1, 1941, the Navy included: 3 battleships; 7 light cruisers; 7 leaders and 52 destroyers; 218 submarines; 22 patrol ships; 20 monitors; 11 sea and 7 river gunboats; 18 minelayers; 80 minesweepers and 269 torpedo boats. In addition, organizationally the Navy included: 2,581 naval aviation aircraft and 260 coastal defense batteries. From the very first hour of the Great Patriotic War until its last salvos, Soviet sailors, together with soldiers of other branches of the Armed Forces, steadfastly and courageously defended our country. The Great Patriotic War began earlier for the Soviet Navy than for all other branches of the military. At about 3 o'clock in the morning on June 22, 1941, the observation and communications posts of the Black Sea Fleet reported the approaching noise of aircraft engines. And at 3 hours 7 minutes, low-flying German bombers appeared over the main base of the Black Sea Fleet - Sevastopol. And the first unpleasant surprise - the city was completely darkened - was immediately followed by other unpleasant events for enemy aircraft. Suddenly the searchlights flashed, and in the blink of an eye the main base of the Black Sea Fleet bristled with gun barrels. Anti-aircraft guns struck from ships and coastal batteries, several enemy aircraft burst into flames in the air, and the rest hastily began to randomly drop their deadly cargo anywhere. The Germans' attempt to eliminate the superiority of the Soviet fleet, both on the Black and other seas, with one sudden blow, failed. Brought to immediate combat readiness even before the start of hostilities, the fleets and flotillas repelled the first strikes of enemy aircraft in an organized manner. “Our fleet did not lose a single ship on the fateful night of June 22,” Fleet Admiral N.G. Kuznetsov, former People’s Commissar of the Navy and Hero of the Soviet Union, later recalled in his memoirs. The Soviet Navy made a worthy contribution to the common cause of Victory in the Great Patriotic War over a hated enemy. More than 400 thousand military sailors fought on all fronts. Fleets and flotillas reliably provided the flanks of the ground forces, became famous in the heroic defense of Liepaja, Riga, Tallinn, Leningrad, Moscow, Kiev, Odessa, Sevastopol, Kerch, Novorossiysk and other cities, the Hanko Peninsula and the Moonsund Islands, the North Caucasus and the Soviet Arctic. The Northern Fleet, operating in the harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic, immediately became involved in the most stubborn battles in the Murmansk direction with selected mountain ranger units of the German army. Through amphibious landings, active operations of submarines, torpedo boats and aviation on sea communications, artillery support from ships and air assault bombing strikes on enemy troop concentrations, fortifications and bases, and sending marching battalions to the land front, the Severomorsk soldiers helped the troops of the Karelian Front defend their main base Polyarnoye and one of the largest ice-free port of Murmansk in the North. Stopped in the first months of the war at the turn of the Zapadnaya Litsa River, the enemy was forced to stop the offensive in the Arctic. Submariners of the Northern Fleet M.I. Gadzhiev, I.A. Kolyshkin, I.F. Kucherenko, N.A. Lunin, V.G. Starikov, I.I. Fisanovnch and G.I. Shchedrin, boatmen V.P. Alekseev, V.I. Bykov, I.M. Zhelvakov, A.I. Kisov, S.G. Korshunovich, G.D. Kurbatov, V.M. Lozovsky, B.M. Lyakh, L.L.Novospassky, B.T. Pavlov, G.M. Palamarchuk, N.G. Taisky, minesweeper commander A.I. Ivannikov, ship division commanders A.I. Gurin and S.D. Zyuzin were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and the commander of the torpedo boat detachment A.O. Shabalin and the commander of the aviation regiment B.F. Safonov was awarded this high title twice. Many ships and units of the fleet were awarded high awards from the Motherland. Submarines "D-3", "M-172", "S-56" and "Shch-402" became Red Banner submarines; the guards rank was also awarded to the following submarines: “K-22”, “M-171”, “M-174” and “Shch-422”; and on the flagpoles of submarines - “K-21”, “L-22”, “S-51”, “S-101”, “S-104”, “Shch-403”, “Shch-404” and “Shch” -421” the Order of the Red Banner Naval flags were raised. The immortal exploits of the crews of the patrol ships “Tuman”, “Passat” and “Brilliant”, the minesweeper “T-120”, the icebreaker steamer “Sibiryakov”, who fully fulfilled their duty to the Motherland, will forever remain in the memory of our people. The sailors of the guards destroyer "Gremyashchy", the Red Banner ships: the leader "Baku", the destroyers "Grozny", "Gromky" and "Valerian Kuibyshev", the minesweepers "T-110" and "T-887" contributed glorious pages to the military chronicle of the Northern Fleet. . The Northern Fleet was the first to establish direct contact with the navies of Great Britain and the United States and ensure the safety of navigation in the Norwegian, Barents and White Seas. Sea communications connected the northern ports of the Soviet Union with the ports of the Allies. The bulk of weapons, military materials, vehicles and food came through this route. At the final stage of the Great Patriotic War in October 1944, the Northern Fleet, together with the troops of the Karelian Front, participated in the Petsamo-Kirkenes offensive operation, as a result of which the enemy was expelled from the Soviet Arctic and Soviet troops liberated part of the territory of Northern Norway. In the battles for Pechenga, Linahamari and Kirkenes, the North Sea soldiers again demonstrated mass heroism and high military skill. From the very beginning of the war, the Red Banner Baltic Fleet found itself in very difficult conditions. Already in the first days, Baltic sailors, together with soldiers of the Red Army, fought stubborn battles for Liepaja, defended Riga and the Gulf of Riga, and in August 1941 they fought to the death on the outskirts of the main fleet base - Tallinn. The Baltic sailors covered themselves with unfading glory in the heated battles for the Moonsund Islands and the Hanko Peninsula, in the unprecedented 900-day heroic defense of Leningrad. In the summer of 1941, when the Red Army was fighting heavy defensive battles with hordes of Nazi troops over a vast territory from the Barents to the Black Sea, pilots of the Baltic Fleet from the airfield on the island of Saaremaa (Esel) launched several powerful attacks on Berlin. This was a worthy response to Goebbels’s propaganda, which trumpeted the “destruction” of the Soviet fleet and aviation to the whole world. The tragic evacuation of Tallinn and the Hanko garrison has gone down in history forever. Dozens of ships and vessels, thousands of sailors of the military and merchant fleet died in these campaigns. The ships had to break through a continuous minefield, under intense bombing and artillery fire, but most of them still reached Kronstadt. Protecting naval bases and providing support to ground forces, the Baltic Fleet actively operated on enemy sea communications. During the war years, the enemy lost more than 600 ships and merchant ships from attacks by submariners, aviators, and boat pilots, and about 400 ships were seriously damaged. Each of these victories was achieved at a difficult cost. The homeland highly appreciated the merits of the Baltic people. Submariners S.N. Bogorad, M.S. Kalinin, V.K. Konovalov, S.P. Lisin, E.Ya. Osipov and I. V. Travkin, torpedo boat officers A.I. Afanasyev, V.P. Gumanenko, V.M. Zhiltsov, I.S. Ivanov, S.A. Osipov, A.G. Sverdlov, V.M. Starostin, V.I. Tikhonov and B.P. Ushchev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The crews of the submarines "L-3", "Shch-303" and "Shch-309" were converted into guards; a – submarines “K-52”, “Lembit”, “S-13”, “Shch-307”, “Shch-310”, “Shch-320”, “Shch-323” and “Shch-406” were awarded Order of the Red Banner. Throughout the war, Baltic ships provided fire support to ground forces. Occupying positions on the Neva and Kronstadt, battleships, cruisers, destroyers, and gunboats regularly fired devastating fire at artillery and mortar batteries, fortifications and concentrations of enemy troops near the walls of Leningrad for two and a half years. The battleship "October Revolution", the cruisers "Kirov" and "Maxim Gorky" were awarded the Order of the Red Banner; a – destroyer “Stoikiy” (“Vice Admiral Drozd”); The minelayer "Marti" ("Oka") and the minesweeper "T-205" ("Gafel") were awarded the Guards rank. After breaking the blockade of Leningrad, Baltic sailors participated in the liberation of the Baltic states, landed troops on islands in the Vyborg Bay and in the Moonsund archipelago, defeated the enemy in East Prussia and Courland, in Poland, and ended the war on May 9, 1945 with a landing on the Danish island of Bronholm. The sailors of the Black Sea Fleet performed thousands of feats during the war. Already at the end of June 1941, naval aviation and surface ships launched powerful attacks on oil storage facilities in the Romanian port of Constanta. In battles with the enemy near Odessa, Black Sea sailors, together with the troops of the Primorsky Army, delayed the advance of enemy hordes on the southern flank of the Soviet-German front for 73 days. The fleet's surface ships provided fire assistance to the city's defenders, escorted transports with reinforcements, ammunition and military equipment; in September they landed a large landing force near the village of Grigoryevna, ensured the removal of the wounded and the evacuation of the civilian population. When the Supreme Command Headquarters decided to leave the city, the fleet carried out an operation to evacuate troops from Odessa without losses. These units then helped delay the Nazi advance on the Perekop Isthmus and joined the ranks of the defenders of Sevastopol. The heroic epic of the defense of Sevastopol continued for 250 fiery days and nights. The hero city, completely cut off from land, unshakably fought a stubborn defense. All these days, ships of the Black Sea Fleet and ships of the Black Sea Shipping Company provided effective assistance to its defenders. Breaking through the fire curtains of coastal batteries, dodging numerous attacks by enemy aircraft, submarines and torpedo boats, they delivered reinforcements, fuel, food, ammunition to the Sevastopol residents, and during unloading, despite intense opposition from aviation and artillery, they fired powerfully at enemy fortifications . These dangerous flights did not pass without a trace. In heavy, dramatic battles, the cruiser Chervona Ukraine, the destroyers Bezuprechny and Svobodny, the basic minesweeper T-413 (No. 27), and the ambulance transports Georgia, Abkhazia, Bialystok, and Svaneti were killed "and other vessels. At the end of December 1941, the fascist German command launched another assault on Sevastopol. During these critical days, the Black Sea Fleet stood up to defend its main base. In addition to participating in intensive military transport and fire assistance to the city’s defenders, the sailors, together with the troops of the North Caucasus Front, carried out the largest Kerch-Feodosia landing operation during the war, as a result of which the Kerch Peninsula was liberated and the Nazis’ attempt to take Sevastopol was thwarted. The Black Sea people also gained immortal fame during the defense of the Caucasus. Defending Novorossiysk, Tuapse, bases and ports on the coast of the Sea of Azov, the personnel of the Black Sea Fleet and the Azov Military Flotilla showed examples of heroism and combat fortitude. Noting the merits of the Black Sea sailors in the defeat of the Nazi invaders, the Soviet government awarded the battleship "Sevastopol", the cruiser "Voroshilov", the destroyers "Besposhchadny", "Boikiy", "Zheleznyakov" and "Nezamozhnik", the gunboat "Red Abkhazia" , basic minesweepers "T-412" ("Arseniy Raskin"), "Mina", "Tral" and "Shield", ambulance transport "Lvov" with the Order of the Red Banner. By order of the People's Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov, the cruisers "Red Caucasus", "Red Crimea", the destroyer "Soobrazitelny", the minesweeper "T-411" ("Defender") and patrol boat No. 065 were awarded the Guards title. The sailors of the Black Sea Fleet and the Azov Military Flotilla demonstrated mass heroism during the landings on Malaya Zemlya and Novorossiysk, on the coast of Taman and the Kerch Peninsula, in Nikolaev and during the liberation of the ports of Bulgaria and Romania. In these bloody battles, the Black Sea paratroopers Ts.L. especially distinguished themselves. Kunikova and K.F. Olshansky, as well as the personnel of the ships that landed on the shore. For unparalleled heroism, courage and bravery, many Black Sea residents were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, including commanders of divisions, detachments, units and patrol boats M. G. Bondarenko, D.A. Glukhov, G.I. Gnatenko, F.S. Dyachenko, I.V. Lednev, A.S. Markov and N.I. Sipyagin, Azov sailors A.K. Abdrakhmanov, V.I. Velikiy, K.I. Vorobyov, V.N. Denisov, P.I. Derzhavin, D.P. Levin, M.A. Sokolov and V.G. Us. During the Crimean offensive operation, submarines, torpedo boats and aircraft of the Black Sea Fleet blocked the Crimean group of enemy troops and actively paralyzed communications with the ports of Romania and Bulgaria. During the war, Black Sea boatmen and submariners showed themselves to be masters of torpedo attacks. The boatmen A.F. acted especially skillfully and decisively. Afrikanov, A.G. Kananadze, S.N. Kotov, K.G. Kochiev, A.I. Kudersky, B.M. Pershiy, V.S. Pilipenko, M.P. Podymakhin, A.R. Rogachevsky, A.A. Sutyrin, A.E. Chertsov and I.P. Shengur, submarine commanders B.A. Alekseev, M.V. Greshilov, Y.K. Iosseliani, A.N. Kesaev and M.I. Khomyakov, awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, as well as the crews of the guards submarines "M-35", "M-62", "S-33", "Shch-205" and "Shch-215", Red Banner "A-5" , “L-4”, “M-111”, “M-117”, “Shch-201” and “Shch-209”. River and lake flotillas, the basis of which were armored boats and monitors, fought on numerous rivers and lakes. The exploits of the Volga sailors are majestic; Pinskaya; Belomorskaya; Azov; Ilmenskaya; Chudskoy; Onega; Red Banner Caspian and Ladoga; Red Banner, Order of Ushakov of the Dnieper and Red Banner, Orders of Nakhimov and Kutuzov of the Danube Flotilla. By providing artillery support to units of the Red Army, ensuring the crossing of troops and military equipment across water lines, the security of internal communications, landings, delivery of ammunition and various equipment, they made a worthy contribution to the victory over the hated enemy. The heaviest burden during the war fell on the Ladoga flotilla, which ensured the supply of all the essentials for almost two and a half years to besieged Leningrad. The Dnieper flotilla took part in the Berlin operation, the Danube flotilla ended the war in Vienna. In the Far East, the Pacific Fleet, North Pacific and Red Banner Amur military flotillas actively participated in the hostilities that unfolded in August–September 1945 against the Japanese Kwantung Army. In these battles, military sailors, with landings and artillery support, helped the troops of the 1st and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts defeat the million-strong Japanese Kwantung Army and force it and the ships of the Sungari flotilla to unconditional surrender. Patrol ships "Metel" and "EK-2"; minelayer "Okhotsk"; minesweepers "T-278" and "T-281" of the Pacific Fleet; Amur river monitors “Sverdlov” and “Sun Yat-sen”; the gunboats "Krasnaya Zvezda" and "Proletary" became guards, and the Pacific destroyer "Voikov"; patrol ship "Kirov"; minesweepers "T-275" and "T-525"; Great submarine hunters “BO-303” and “BO-305”, who participated in the liberation of Korea, Manchuria, South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, were awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Soviet sailors performed truly outstanding feats during the Great Patriotic War, playing a very important role in achieving a common victory over the enemy. The Navy participated in all defensive and offensive operations in coastal, lake and river areas. Providing assistance to the fronts and armies, the Soviet Navy landed more than 110 troops, with a total strength equal to thirty divisions, and used powerful artillery and air support. During the war years, fleets and flotillas destroyed more than 2,500 enemy ships and vessels, including 1,200 warships and over 1,300 transport ships, and ensured the transportation of about 10 million people and more than 100 million tons of cargo along waterways. For outstanding military merits, more than 350 thousand Soviet military sailors were awarded orders and medals, 513 people became Heroes of the Soviet Union, and seven of them were twice awarded this high title. 17 brigades, 16 air units and 78 ships were awarded the honorary name “Gvardeysky”. 238 ships were awarded military orders. The Northern, Black Sea and Pacific fleets earned the name "Red Banner", and the Baltic - "twice Red Banner". On the open area of military equipment and weapons of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War, an exhibition has been launched, including samples of military equipment and weapons of the USSR Navy during the Great Patriotic War. All these exhibits are placed in accordance with the thematic and exhibition plan, which provides for an association with a sea bay or ship base. In addition to surface ships, the deckhouses of two submarines that distinguished themselves during the war are on display; turret artillery installations; coastal defense guns; 37-mm and 85-mm anti-aircraft guns, covering the bases from attacks by enemy aircraft. The exhibition is complemented by the armament of battleships and mine and torpedo weapons. The collection of military equipment and weapons of the Navy has been created by museum staff since 1995. The High Command of the Navy provided great assistance in this work. Active participation in the creation of this section of the exhibition of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War was provided by the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy for Armaments, Vice Admiral M.K. Barskov, as well as the Head of the Missile and Artillery Weapons Department of the Main Headquarters of the Navy, Rear Admiral G.K. Eremeev.
Changes were made to some of the designs of these boats, which were supposed to eliminate the shortcomings identified during the operation of Shch-type submarines. The main dimensions of the ship, the design of a durable and light hull, as well as the design of the main systems and devices were preserved. The main thing that was achieved on the X series boats was an increase in surface speed due to the installation of new 38K8 diesel engines with a power of 800 hp. With. at 600 rpm, which made it possible to obtain the highest speed of 14.1-14.3 knots versus 12.3 knots on submarines of the V bis-2 series. Other improvements and innovations include the installation of a desalinator of the NIIVK system, 40 l/h, a new muffler design that reduced the “hovering” of the muffler, and therefore reduced the unmasking of the boat, the installation of a “Crab” type net cutter, and a new periscope from the Italian company “Galileo” (length 9 m and diameter 180 mm).
On X-series submarines, fundamental changes have been made to the high-pressure air system. Distribution columns for emergency purging of main ballast tanks were used. In this case, the main ballast was blown directly with high-pressure air. As a result of the new high-pressure air scheme, emergency blowing of the main ballast tanks from periscope depth was reduced from 9-10 minutes to 3 minutes 13 seconds. Otherwise, the X series submarines were no different from the V bis-2 series submarines.
Thirty-two X series boats were commissioned before the war (eight in the North, seven in the Baltic, eight in the Black Sea and nine in the Pacific)
In 1940, the Baltic "Shch-311" and "Shch-324" were awarded the Order of the Red Banner for participation in hostilities during the Soviet-Finnish War. "Shch-402" on July 14, 1941 opened the combat account of submariners of the Northern Fleet. On April 3, 1942, it became Red Banner, and on July 25, 1943, it became a Guards. By the time of her death in 1944, the boat had won 13 victories in 16 military campaigns. The first victory in the Black Sea was won on August 14, 1941 by the Shch-211, and in the Baltic by the Shch-307, on August 10, 1941, it torpedoed the fascist submarine U-144. The Guards became "Shch-215" (Black Sea Fleet) and "Shch-422" (Northern Fleet). The Orders of the Red Banner were awarded to the Black Sea "Shch-209", the Baltic "Shch-320" and "Shch-323", the North Sea "Shch-403", "Shch-404" and "Shch-421"
| Displacement - surface - 584 tons, underwater - 707.8 tons |
| Maximum length - 58.7 m |
| Maximum width - 6.2 m |
| Average draft - 3.96 m |
| Power point - 2 diesel engines with a total power of 1600 hp. and 2 electric motors with a total power of 800 hp. 2 groups of rechargeable batteries, 112 batteries each, brand "KSM-2", 2 screws. |
| Fuel reserve - normal - 26 tons, full - 63 tons |
| Speed - highest surface - 14.1 knots, underwater 8.5 knots |
| Cruising range - on the surface - 1200 miles at 14.1 knots, - 4500 miles at 8.5 knots; submerged - 8.5 miles at 8.5 knots, - 100 miles at 2.5 knots |
| Immersion depth - working - 75 meters, maximum - 90 meters |
| Dive time - 45 seconds |
| Armament - 4 533 mm bow torpedo tubes; 2 533 mm aft torpedo tubes; 10 533 mm torpedoes; 2 - 45/46 artillery installations "21-K"; 1000 45mm rounds |
| Time spent under water - 72 hours |
| Autonomy - normal - 20 days, maximum - 40 days |
| Buoyancy reserve - 19 % |
| Crew - 7 officers, 15 petty officers, 18 privates |
"Shch-126"
Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 297. In 1934, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on April 20, 1935. On October 3, 1936, she became part of the Pacific Fleet.
On August 9, 1945, as part of the 12th division, she met 4 submarine brigades in Nakhodka under the command of Lieutenant Commander Vladimir Andreevich Morozov. With the outbreak of hostilities, she took up her assigned position in the Sea of Japan. On August 21, she discovered a Japanese motorboat and sank it with artillery fire from a distance of 7 - 8 cabs, expending 50 45-mm shells.
"Shch-127"
The lead submarine of the X series. Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 296. In 1934, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on June 13, 1935. On October 3, 1936, she became part of the Pacific Fleet.
On August 9, 1945, as part of the 12th division, it met 4 submarine brigades in Nakhodka under the command of captain 3rd rank Mikhail Dmitrievich Melnikov. With the outbreak of hostilities, she took up her assigned position in the Sea of Japan. On August 14, she discovered a detachment of Japanese warships consisting of a cruiser (the commander mistook it for a battleship) and four destroyers, which she reported to the command. Having received orders to monitor the detachment, she watched him for more than an hour and reported on his course and speed, and then fell behind and lost contact with him.
"Shch-128"
Laid down on August 7, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard), factory No. 258. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where on June 9, 1935 it was launched . On October 3, 1936, she became part of the Pacific Fleet.
August 9, 1945 met, as part of the 1st Division, the 1st Submarine Brigade in Ulis Bay under the command of Lieutenant Commander Gnikul Grigory Ivanovich. She did not participate in hostilities.
"Shch-129"
Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 298. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on October 10, 1935. On October 3, 1936, she became part of the Pacific Fleet.
On August 9, 1945, as part of the 12th division, it met 4 submarine brigades in Nakhodka under the command of captain 3rd rank Vladimir Ivanovich Avdashev. She did not participate in hostilities.
"Shch-130"
Laid down on August 7, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard), factory No. 257. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where on June 8, 1935 it was launched . On December 11, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.
On August 9, 1945, as part of the 12th division, she met 4 submarine brigades in Nakhodka under the command of Lieutenant Commander Abram Aronovich Aleksandrovsky. She did not participate in hostilities.
"Shch-131"
Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 192. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Khabarovsk to plant No. 368 (Khabarovsk Ship Mechanical Plant), where on July 4, 1935 it was launched. On December 11, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.
On August 9, 1945, as part of the 1st Division, she met the 1st Submarine Brigade in Ulis Bay under the command of Lieutenant Commander Sergei Timofeevich Zubarev. She did not participate in hostilities.
"Shch-132"
Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 299. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on July 4, 1935. On December 11, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.
On August 9, 1945, as part of the 12th Division, she met 4 submarine brigades in Nakhodka under the command of Lieutenant Commander Mikhail Leonidovich Sokolov. She did not participate in hostilities.
"Shch-133"
Laid down on August 7, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard), factory No. 259. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where on July 4, 1935 it was launched . On December 11, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.
On August 9, 1945, she met as part of the 2nd separate division of submarines in Vladimir Bay under the command of Lieutenant Commander Vladislav Matveevich Garvalinsky. She did not participate in hostilities.
"Shch-134"
Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, factory No. 293. In 1935, it was transported in sections by rail to Vladivostok to plant No. 202 (Dalzavod), where it was launched on September 4, 1935. On December 27, 1936 it became part of the Pacific Fleet.
On August 9, 1945, she met as part of the 2nd separate division of submarines in Vladimir Bay under the command of Lieutenant Commander Vdovin Alexander Kirillovich. With the outbreak of hostilities, she took up her assigned position in the Sea of Japan, from where she was recalled on August 19.
"Shch-423"
Laid down on January 8, 1936 in Gorky at plant No. 112 (Krasnoe Sormovo) assembly of the hull began from parts manufactured at the Kolomensky Machine-Building Plant named after. Kuibyshev under the designation "Shch-315", serial number 85. In May 1937, it was launched. On December 6, 1937 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. On May 9, 1938, she began the transition along the White Sea Canal to the North and on June 21 she became part of the Northern Fleet. On July 17 it received the designation "Shch-423". On August 5, 1940, she began the transition to the Far East via the Northern Sea Route. On October 17, she arrived in Vladivostok. On April 17, 1942 it received the designation "Shch-139".
On August 9, 1945, she met as part of the 2nd separate division of submarines in Vladimir Bay under the command of Lieutenant Commander Pridatko Ivan Antonovich. She did not participate in hostilities.
"Shch-208"
Laid down on May 18, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1032. October 7, 1935 launched. On March 9, 1937 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Nikolai Mikhailovich Belanov as part of the 3rd Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade in Sevastopol. In December it went into routine repairs. In January 1942, having completed repairs and completed a training course, she entered combat operations. On August 23, she went on a military campaign to the area of Constanza - Portnitskoye Arm, did not make contact and did not return to the base. Presumably she was blown up by a mine and died without ever going on the attack.
Duration of combat service - 14.2 months (June 22, 1941 - August 28, 1942). 6 military campaigns (93 days).
"Shch-209"
Laid down on May 25, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1033. March 2, 36 launched. On March 9, 1937 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met Ivan Nazarovich Kiselev under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) as part of the 3rd Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade in Sevastopol. On June 25, she took up a designated position off the coast of Bulgaria, but despite her activity in searching for the enemy, she had no contact with him. On March 8, 1942, 65 miles northwest of Sinop on the way to the designated area, it was suddenly attacked by an enemy aircraft that dropped 2 bombs; The turbopump and the commander's periscope failed - the commander received an order to return to Tuapse. On April 5, a new commander was appointed in place of the deceased commander - lieutenant captain (later captain 3rd rank) Vladimir Ivanovich Ivanov. In the second half of June, she made two flights to besieged Sevastopol, delivering 58.9 tons of ammunition there and taking 106 people to Novorossiysk, including the Military Council and the command staff of the Primorsky Army, the Coastal Defense Command of the Sevastopol Naval Base. On April 23, 1943, the only one of the Black Sea submarines was aimed at the enemy by reconnaissance aircraft, but the attack failed. On November 21, she successfully landed a reconnaissance group in the area of Cape Olinka. On February 24, 1944, when returning from a position near Batumi, she lost her place and, walking along the coast, entered the territorial waters of Turkey, while she was fired at by machine-gun fire from our border post, and when leaving the territorial waters of Turkey - by Turkish border guards. In March, the personnel were completely replaced by the crew of the Shch-130 of the Pacific Fleet; on March 11, Lieutenant Commander Vasily Vasilyevich Stetsenko was appointed as the new commander of the ship. On April 4, captain-lieutenant Nikolai Vasilyevich Sukhodolsky was appointed commander. The Black Sea crew of "Shch-209" left for Arkhangelsk on March 12. On July 26, she sank a 250-ton schooner with artillery fire. On the morning of September 15, the last of the Black Sea submarines returned safely to base. March 6, 1945 awarded the Order of the Red Banner
Duration of combat service - 38.8 months (June 22, 1941 - September 16, 1944). 18 military campaigns (337 days). 12 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 schooner (100 tons) and 1 ship were sunk, in addition, 1 ship and 1 ship were also sunk. 1 ship (250 tons) was sunk by artillery fire.
"Shch-210"
Laid down on June 3, 1934. in Nikolaev at plant No. 200 (named after 61 communards), factory No. 1034. Launched on March 13, 1936. On March 9, 1937 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Georgy Afanasyevich Mikhailov as part of the 3rd Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade in Sevastopol. On September 30, engineer-captain 3rd rank (later captain 2nd rank) Selbst Isai Leontyevich was appointed commander. On October 11, she discovered the auxiliary cruiser Dacia, but due to an unfavorable position, she was unable to launch an attack. From March 15 to March 28, 1942 was supposed to operate at a position near Shabler, did not make contact and did not return to base. Presumably she was blown up by a mine and died.
Duration of combat service - 9 months (June 22, 1941 - March 23, 1942). 5 military campaigns (75 days). 1 torpedo attack, which may have damaged 1 ship.
"Shch-211"
Laid down on September 3, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1035. September 3, 1936 launched. On May 5, 1938 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of senior lieutenant (later lieutenant commander) Alexander Danilovich Devyatko as part of the 4th division of the 1st submarine brigade in Sevastopol. On August 11, she landed a group of 14 Bulgarians north of Cape Karaburun. On August 15, the Peles transport was damaged, which subsequently sank; this was the first victory of the Black Sea submariners. On November 16, she went out on another combat mission, did not make contact and did not return to base at the appointed time. Presumably she was blown up by a mine and died in the Varna area.
Duration of combat service - 5 months (June 22, 1941 - November 22, 1941). 4 military campaigns (64 days). 4 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 2 ships (11862 GRT) were sunk and 1 ship was possibly damaged.
"Shch-212"
Laid down on November 18, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1036. December 29, 1936 launched. On December 15, 1938 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met Ibragim Kasyanovich Burnashev under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) as part of the 4th Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade while being repaired in Sevastopol. On October 25, while at a position in the Varna area, she was hit by a mine while laying on the ground, but, despite significant damage, she managed to return to base and was put into emergency repairs. New 1942 met in repair. In the second half of June, it twice broke through into besieged Sevastopol, delivering there 54 tons of ammunition, 6 tons of food, 27 tons of gasoline and taking 117 people to Novorossiysk. On July 2, she was unable to approach the shore due to enemy opposition and was forced to return to base without completing the task. On July 7, I went into scheduled maintenance for two weeks. On October 23, captain-lieutenant Kukuy Grigory Aronovich was appointed commander. On December 19, she was sunk by aircraft north of Cape Sinop while returning to base after a military campaign. During the entire period of hostilities, she did not use a single torpedo.
Duration of combat service - 17.9 months (June 22, 1941 - December 19, 1942). 9 military campaigns (99 days).
"Shch-213"
Laid down on December 4, 1934 in Nikolaev at plant No. 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1037. On April 13, 1937, it was launched. On December 15, 1938 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Senior Lieutenant Denezhko Dmitry Mitrofanovich as part of the 4th Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade, while being repaired in Sevastopol. On February 23, 1942, after an unsuccessful torpedo attack, she sank a schooner by artillery fire. March 23 Denezhko D.M. died in Tuapse during an enemy air raid. On May 16, Captain-Lieutenant Nikolai Vasilyevich Isaev was appointed in his place. On June 20, "Shch-213" is recalled from its position to participate in the supply of besieged Sevastopol. Arriving there with the cargo, she was unable to approach the shore and was forced to return to Novorossiysk without completing the task. On October 14, she was sunk by depth charges of the anti-submarine ship "Uj-80" 5.5 miles east of Portitsky Arm.
Duration of combat service - 15.7 months (June 22, 1941 - October 14, 1942). 7 military campaigns (114 days). 4 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (144 GRT) was sunk. 1 ship was sunk by artillery fire.
"Shch-214"
Laid down on July 13, 1935 in Nikolaev at plant number 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1038. April 23, 1937 launched. On April 10, 1939 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met the 1st submarine brigade as part of the 4th division, while being repaired in Sevastopol, the temporary acting commander was captain-lieutenant Georgy Petrovich Apostolov. On July 20, Vlasov Vladimir Yakovlevich was appointed commander. On November 3, she sank the schooner Kraltepe (350 tons) with artillery fire. January 1, 1942 sank the schooner "Kaynakdere" with artillery fire. On May 29 and 31, as well as June 2, she sank a schooner with explosive cartridges, landing boarding parties on them. In mid-June, she made one trip to besieged Sevastopol, delivering there 26 tons of ammunition and 4 tons of food. On the way back on June 19, near Cape Aytodor, she was sunk by the Italian torpedo boat "MAS - 571", two members of the crew were taken prisoner.
Duration of combat service - 11.9 months (June 22, 1941 - June 19, 1942). 5 military campaigns (75 days). 2 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (3336 GRT) was sunk. 2 ships were sunk by artillery fire; in addition, 3 ships were sunk by explosive cartridges from boarding parties.
"Shch-215"
Laid down on March 27, 1935 in Nikolaev at plant No. 200 (named after 61 communards), serial number 1039. On January 11, 1937, it was launched. On April 10, 1939 it became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander Vladimir Yakovlevich Vlasov as part of the 4th Division of the 1st Submarine Brigade, while being repaired in Sevastopol. On July 20, captain-lieutenant Apostolov Grigory Petrovich was appointed commander of the ship. February 9, 1942 senior lieutenant (later captain-lieutenant) Viktor Anisimovich Korshunov was appointed commander. On July 2, she tried to break into besieged Sevastopol with 30 tons of ammunition and 27 tons of gasoline, but the city fell and she returned to Novorossiysk. On October 23, captain-lieutenant (later captain 3rd rank) Alexander Ivanovich Greshilov was appointed commander. January 20, 1943 tried to attack the convoy, but the commander got confused in maneuvering and lost the transport against the background of the coast. On January 23, she discovered two self-propelled barges and unsuccessfully attacked one of them with two torpedoes. Continuing the pursuit in a positional position, she soon attacked the barge again with three torpedoes, but they all missed. After that, she surfaced in a cruising position and opened artillery fire. The barges returned fire and one 76-mm shell hit the wheelhouse fence. Despite the damage, the Shch-215 was able to dive and evade two dropped depth charges. June 10, 1944 Captain 3rd rank Strizhak Alexander Ivanovich was appointed commander of the ship. On July 22, she was awarded the title "Gvardeskaya"; on August 24, she sank the motor-sailing schooner "Mefkure" (53 GRT) with artillery fire - the last enemy ship sunk by Black Sea submariners.
Duration of combat service - 38.8 months (June 22, 1941 - September 16, 1944). 15 military campaigns (306 days). 18 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 3 ships (more than 2082 GRT) and 1 ship were sunk, in addition, 2 ships and 1 ship were sunk. 1 ship (53 GRT) was sunk by artillery fire.
"Shch-317"
Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant number 194, factory number 295. September 24, 1935 launched. On November 1, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Andronov Alexei Gerasimovich as part of the 7th Division of the 2nd Submarine Detachment in Tallinn. On November 2, she left Kronstadt to take a position in the area of the Elandsrev lighthouse, and from about. Gogland part of the route "Shch-317" was supposed to go as part of a convoy en route to Hanko. On the night of November 3, she independently arrived at Fr. Gogland and lay down on the ground at the designated point. At 18.00 on November 3, she began to ascend according to the plan to join the convoy, but was discovered in the air bubble by the Soviet boat "MO", mistaken for the enemy and attacked with depth charges. Having received damage to instruments and mechanisms from nearby explosions, she surfaced and came under artillery fire: of the 15 45-mm shells fired at her, several pierced the durable hull in the area of the second compartment. Only after the identification light signals were given, the hunter stopped firing at the boat. After repairing the hole, she entered Surkyul Bay, jumped onto the rocks at the entrance, and ultimately returned to Kronstadt on November 6 for repairs. January 24, 1942 Captain-Lieutenant Nikolai Konstantinovich Mokhov was appointed commander. On June 11 she left Fr. Lavensari and went on a military campaign. On June 16, she reported on the successful crossing of the Gulf of Finland, and only on July 10 did she get in touch again with a report on the use of torpedoes, the sinking of five transports (the death of all ships was subsequently confirmed by foreign sources) and the start of movement to the base. She did not return to Kronstadt: according to Finnish data, on July 12 in the area of \u200b\u200b. Roadsher aerial reconnaissance discovered an oil slick, and after repeated bombings, wooden debris, mattresses, life preservers, etc. surfaced there. It can be assumed that the "Shch-317" was blown up by a mine in the Gulf of Finland on July 12, and only then, on July 15, was sunk by depth charges of the Finnish minelayers "Ruotsinsalmi", the patrol boat "VMV-16" and aircraft.
Duration of combat service - 12.8 months (June 22, 1941 - July 15, 1942). 2 military campaigns (55 days). At least 5 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 5 ships (10997 GRT) were sunk.
"Shch-318"
Laid down on July 23, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, serial number 294. On August 11, 1935, it was launched. On August 30, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met Vladimir Konstantinovich Afanasyev under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) as part of the 7th Division of the 2nd Submarine Brigade in Tallinn. On September 26 and October 2, while stationed in Kronstadt, she received damage to her durable hull from nearby shell explosions. On October 26, she left Kronstadt on a military campaign. but in the area about. Gogland sat on a stone ridge from where she was able to get off only with the help of three minesweepers, after which on October 31 she returned to the base for repairs. In August 1942, captain 3rd rank Butyshkin Nikolai Nikiforovich was appointed commander. On October 13, while practicing combat training tasks in an underwater position on the Neva, she hit the bull of the Volodarsky Bridge, damaged the propellers and rudders of the hull, and again underwent lengthy repairs. On May 17, 1943, captain-lieutenant (later captain 3rd rank) Loshkarev Lev Aleksandrovich was appointed commander. At the end of the summer, she practiced combat training tasks at the training ground on the Krasnogorsk roadstead. In the first half of 1944 received the Dragon-129 hydroacoustic station and by August was ready to go to sea. On September 28, she left Kronstadt and on October 7 took up a holding position 50 miles west of Libau. Due to the unpreparedness of the personnel and equipment, instruments and mechanisms began to fail (vertical and horizontal rudders, anti-aircraft periscopes, electric motor station, fuel tank No. 1), however, having exceeded autonomy, it was able to achieve success. 1945 I met in the next renovation. On January 16, it took up a position in the Memel-Libava area. Bad weather conditions and continuous breakdowns of equipment made it possible to sink the transport only on February 4th. On February 10, at night, in poor visibility, she was hit by a ramming attack from an unidentified target, as a result of which the vertical and horizontal rudders failed, returned to base and was repaired. According to indirect data, it can be assumed that the Ammerland transport collided with the Shch-318, which sank as a result.
Duration of combat service - 46.5 months (June 22, 1941 - May 9, 1945). 3 military campaigns (97 days). 4 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 2 ships (8120 GRT) were sunk.
"Shch-319"
Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 194, serial number 367. On February 15, 1935, it was launched. On December 11, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met the 2nd submarine brigade in Tallinn under the command of Lieutenant Commander Agashin Nikolai Sidorovich as part of the 7th Division. On September 20, she left Kronstadt for operations in the Libau region, but did not make contact and did not return to base. Presumably hit a mine and died in the Gulf of Finland west of the Rodsher lighthouse.
Duration of combat service - 3 months (June 22, 1941 - September 22, 1941). 2 military campaigns (17 days).
"Shch-320"
Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Leningrad at plant number 194, factory number 368. February 12, 1935 launched. On December 11, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) Ivan Makarovich Vishnevsky as part of the 7th Division of the 2nd Submarine Brigade in Tallinn. June 13, 1942 left Kronstadt to operate on enemy communications. In violation of the instructions of the command, she made the transition to Fr. Lavensari was on the surface and was attacked by enemy aircraft: as a result of the explosion of 16 bombs in the immediate vicinity of the ship, mine branches were torn off, and many instruments and mechanisms were damaged. Despite this, the military campaign continued. The exit was relatively successful and on October 1, the submarine again went on a combat mission. This time she did not get in touch and did not return to the base: she was allegedly blown up on October 3 by a floating mine in the battery charging area northwest of the island. Vaindlaw. On October 23, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
Duration of combat service - 15.4 months (June 22, 1941 - October 3, 1942). 4 military campaigns (97 days). 4 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (676 GRT) was sunk and in addition, 2 more ships were possibly sunk.
"Shch-322"
Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Gorky at plant No. 112 (Krasnoe Sormovo), serial number 550/6. April 10, 1935 launched. On November 4, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) Viktor Andreevich Ermilov as part of the 7th Division of the 2nd Submarine Brigade in Tallinn. On October 10, she set out on her second military campaign from Kronstadt. The crossing of the Gulf of Finland was to be carried out as part of a group of three submarines, and to the Cary lighthouse in providing minesweepers and small hunters. When leaving Fr. Gogland on the night of October 12, minesweepers hit two mines at once and the marching formation was disrupted, while the Shch-322 rammed the MO-310, and did not receive serious damage, but fell behind. Soon, a strong explosion was heard on the ships that had gone ahead; it can be assumed that the Shch-322 was blown up by a mine.
Duration of combat service - 3.7 months (June 22, 1941 - October 12, 1941). 2 military campaigns (32 days)
"Shch-323"
Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Gorky at plant No. 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo), serial number 550/7. April 10, 1935 launched. On November 3, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
On June 22, 1941, she met the 2nd submarine brigade in Tallinn under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Fyodor Ivanovich Ivantsov, as part of the 7th Division. On October 13, she discovered the light cruiser Cologne, which was shelling Cape Ristan while guarding destroyers, but due to the unpreparedness of the personnel, the attack failed. On October 18, during a storm, the vertical rudder failed due to the impact of the waves, so we switched to controlling the machines. Subsequently, the steering wheel was put into operation, but it worked very unreliably. On the night of October 19, in poor visibility conditions, to avoid a collision with oncoming traffic, she turned on her running lights, and at 6.31 she separated from other vehicles only 6 cabs apart. On January 17, 1942 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On July 9, captain 2nd rank Andronov Alexey Gerasimovich was appointed commander. On August 23, she left Kronstadt for the Baltic Sea, but only on September 1 was she able to start moving from the island. Lavensari. On the same day, she was blown up by an antenna mine, received serious damage to the hull, which limited the diving depth to twenty meters, and returned to base... On November 28, while parked in Leningrad, shrapnel from an aerial bomb pierced the durable hull and damaged the battery. May 1, 1943 began the transition from Leningrad to Kronstadt. in conditions of poor visibility, due to an error in calculating its position (the tachometer readings when the electric motors were running were taken for the propeller revolutions under diesel engines) and the absence of a control vessel in the designated place, it left the fairway, was blown up by a bottom mine and sank - only periscope stands, most of the crew, including the commander. died. In 1944, the boat was raised, but was not put into operation.
Duration of combat service - 22.3 months (June 22, 1941 - May 1, 1943). 2 military campaigns (51 days). 7 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (3724 GRT) was sunk and possibly 4 more ships were sunk.
"Shch-324"
Laid down on December 31, 1934 in Gorky at plant No. 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo), serial number 550/8. April 10, 1935 launched. On October 31, 1936, it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. She took part in the Soviet-Finnish War, and on April 21, 1940 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Georgiy Ioramovich Tarkhnishvili as part of the 7th Division of the 2nd Submarine Brigade in Tallinn. On November 3, it left Kronstadt with the task of taking up a position at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland by November 5 to cover the evacuation from Hanko. At the appointed time, a report was received about the occupation of the area, but she did not make contact again and did not return to the base, presumably she was blown up by a mine and died.
Duration of combat service - 4.5 months (June 22, 1941 - November 7, 1941). 2 military campaigns (23 days).
"Shch-401"
Laid down on December 4, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) under the designation "Shch-313, serial number 253. Launched on June 28, 1935. July 23, 1936 became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 16 May 1937 assigned the designation "Shch-401".
On May 28, 1937, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 27, 1937 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Captain-Lieutenant Arkady Efimovich Moiseev as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in Polyarny. On the same day, she went on a military campaign to the area of Fr. Vardo. On July 14, a minesweeper was attacked in Persfjord. During the attack, she was discovered, was bombarded with depth charges, was damaged and was forced to return to base. On August 13, while parked for repairs in Rost, 1 person was killed, three were wounded, and another was missing from air bombs that exploded nearby. In April 1942, she operated in the Tanafjord area - Cape Nordkin, from where on April 23 she reported an attack on two transports, but did not make contact again and did not return to base. It is possible that when returning to the base in Varangerfjord on April 24, she was mistakenly attacked by Soviet torpedo boats TKA-13 and TKA-14 and sunk by torpedoes and depth charges.
The duration of combat service is 10 months (June 22, 1941 - April 24, 1942). 8 military campaigns (127 days). 7 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (1359 GRT) and 1 ship were sunk, and possibly 1 more ship was sunk,
"Shch-402"
Laid down on December 4, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) under the designation "Shch-314, serial number 254. Launched on June 28, 1935. September 29, 1936 became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 16 May 1937 assigned the designation "Shch-402".
On May 28, 1937, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 30, 1937 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met Nikolai Guryevich Stolbov under the command of senior lieutenant (later captain-lieutenant, captain 3rd rank) as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in Polyarny. On July 11, she took up a position in the Porsangerfjord area, but, without finding the enemy, on July 14, she penetrated the roadstead of the port of Honningsvåg and attacked transport there. On August 16, she returned to base ahead of schedule, since, in the opinion of the commander, she could not be at sea due to the passage of water through the rivet of the diesel gas outlet. At the same time, when approaching the shore, it turned out that the submarine had a position discrepancy of 29 miles and instead of Cape Kildin-East it ended up at Cape Sharapova, which could lead to shelling of it by coastal defense artillery. When inspecting the Shch-402, the base came to the conclusion that it could well have been in position with such a malfunction; this was simply a reason for an early return from the sea. In the order of the Fleet Commander, the ship's commander was arrested for 10 days while performing his duties, and the military commander, senior political instructor, Alexander Borisovich Kochergin, was severely reprimanded. On August 27, a new military commissar, political instructor Nikolai Afanasyevich Dolgopolov, was appointed to "Shch-402". On September 10, she returned to base early again, this time due to electrolyte spillage.
On March 3, 1942, after an attack by an anti-submarine warfare ship, she was pursued and damaged by nearby depth charge explosions. On March 10 at 22.11, due to an error in measuring the presence of fuel in the tanks, it remained idle 30 miles from the North Cape. On March 11 at 2.10, "D-3", located 40 - 60 miles north, was sent to help "Shch-402". to the west of it, and at 18.45, “K-21” left Polyarny at full surface speed; to reduce the time of transition to the “Shch-402” area, it was assigned a route only 25 miles from the enemy coast. At 6.47, being 22 miles from the enemy’s coast, she successfully launched a diesel engine using oil diluted with kerosene and began moving to base at 4 knots. On March 12 at 13.00 "K-21" arrived in the area, but "Shch-402" did not find it and began searching for it in a square with a side of 40 miles. On March 13 at 5.45 the oil ran out and the submarine began to drift again. The commander, not knowing what measures had been taken to assist his ship, decided to contact the coastal command post without any restrictions and thus attract enemy forces in order to inflict maximum damage on him in battle. However, having received updated data about the location of "Shch-402", at 11.53 "K-21" discovered at a distance of 40 - 50 cabs the silhouette of a submarine, which turned out to be "Shch-402". At 12.45, the transfer of 8 tons of fuel and 120 liters of oil began. The fuel was transferred by a hose fed through the wheelhouse hatch and the open neck of the fuel tank in a durable casing. All the weapons of both submarines were prepared for immediate action, and people with axes stood on the mooring lines to ensure an urgent dive. At 13.43, the fuel transfer was completed, and both submarines, after trimming one by one, headed to the base. On April 3, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On August 14, during the ventilation of batteries in Tanafjord, an explosion occurred in the second and third compartments. Of those in the bow of the submarine, one torpedoman survived in the first compartment, who could only be removed to the upper deck through a hatch: the door from the fourth compartment to the third was jammed, and a fire was raging in the 2nd compartment. A total of 19 people died, including: the commander, military commissar, assistant commander and navigator - the boat returned to base. On August 14, captain-lieutenant (later captain 3rd rank) Alexander Moiseevich Kautsky was appointed commander.
On July 25, 1943, awarded the title "Guards". In August, it deployed east of Cape Zhelaniya to cover our Arctic communications. On September 17, 1944, she went to sea to operate on enemy communications. On September 21, three Soviet torpedo bombers flew into the same area, one of which discovered an idle submarine on the approaches to the village of Gamvik and attacked it with a torpedo, as a result of which the Shch-402 was sunk. She became the last submarine of the Northern Fleet to die.
Duration of combat service - 39 months (June 22, 1941 - September 21, 1944). 16 military campaigns (232 days). 11 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship (682 GRT) and 1 ship were sunk.
"Shch-403"
Laid down on December 25, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) under the designation "Shch-315", serial number 261. On December 31, 1935, it was launched. On September 26, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. On May 16, 1937, the designation "Shch-403" was assigned.
On May 28, 1937, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 19, 1937 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander Semyon Ivanovich Kovalenko as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in Polyarny. With the outbreak of hostilities, she was relocated to Iokanka and in July carried out patrol duty on the approaches to the White Sea. On November 20 she returned to Polyarny.
On February 13, 1942, to ensure the landing of the reconnaissance group on the shore, 5 people were sent on two rubber boats, but the boats, before reaching the shore, for some reason began to drift. The boats pulled to the side of the ship by the rescue ends found themselves without Red Navy men and oars, the commander refused to land the reconnaissance group and departed from the shore on February 19 at Honisvåg, following on the surface, in poor visibility conditions she was suddenly attacked from the stern by a surface ship, and as a result of a shell hit she received a hole in a durable hull. Evading the attack, she made an urgent dive, but at a depth of 7.5 m she was damaged by a ramming blow. During the urgent dive, remaining on the bridge penultimate, the military commissar of "Shch-403", senior political instructor F.V. Polyansky. battened down the conning hatch behind him, leaving the seriously wounded commander on the bridge
On March 28, captain-lieutenant (later captain 3rd rank) Konstantin Matveevich Shuisky was appointed commander. During the repair, it received the Dragon-129 hydroacoustic station. On July 7, while in position, she was attacked by torpedoes from an enemy submarine, but evaded them. On July 24, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On August 11, after a transport attack, she was attacked by anti-submarine ships for 2 hours and 47 minutes, 118 depth charges were dropped on her. On September 12, while moving from base to position, she was attacked by three torpedoes from an unknown submarine, but she noticed them in a timely manner and dodged. On October 2, 1943, she went out on another military campaign and did not return from it; she presumably died from a mine explosion in the Congofjord area.
Duration of combat service - 49.6 months (June 22, 1941 - October 10, 1944). 14 military campaigns (165 days). 10 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship was possibly sunk.
"Shch-404"
Laid down on December 25, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) under the designation "Shch-316, serial number 262. On December 27, 1935, it was launched. On September 26, 1936, it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 16 May 1937 assigned the designation "Shch-404".
On May 28, 1937, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 30, 1937 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) Vladimir Alekseevich Ivanov as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in Polyarny. With the outbreak of hostilities, she was relocated to Iokanka and in July carried out patrol duty on the approaches to the White Sea. In October he returns to Polyarny. On April 1, 1942, after a transport attack, she was pursued and, as a result of close explosions of depth charges (a total of 58 of them were dropped), she received damage to her hull and mechanisms. On April 3, she launched a torpedo attack, but due to the fault of the personnel, the torpedoes did not come out; finally, the aft horizontal rudders jammed and she spontaneously lay down on the ground at a depth of 51 m. On June 30, while parking in Murmansk, she was damaged by close explosions of aerial bombs
On February 28, 1943, captain-lieutenant (later captain 3rd rank) Makarenkov Grigory Filippovich was appointed commander. On April 19, while attempting to attack a convoy, she was discovered, was pursued for nine hours during which 174 depth charges were dropped on her, but remained in position. Upon arrival at the base, she went into repairs where she received the Dragon-129 hydroacoustic station. On July 24 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On September 14, after the sinking of the transport, she was persecuted during which 100 bombs were dropped on her. Since the end of 1943, it has not taken part in hostilities. In June 1944, captain 3rd rank Golev Sergei Aleksandrovich was appointed commander.
Duration of combat service - 46.5 months (June 22, 41 - May 9, 1945). 14 military campaigns (231 days). 12 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship was sunk (2793 GRT), in addition, 2 ships were possibly sunk and 1 ship was damaged.
"Shch-421"
Laid down on November 20, 1934 in Gorky at plant No. 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo) from parts manufactured at the Kolomensky Machine-Building Plant named after. Kuibyshev under the designation "Shch-313", serial number 83. On May 12, 1935, it was launched. On December 5, 1937 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
On May 19, 1939, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 17, 1939, the designation "Shch-421" was assigned. On June 21, 1939 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lunin as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in the dispersal area in Olenya Bay. On the same day it reached the Kerkenes area, but did not find the enemy; on July 18 it was damaged by aircraft in Polyarny. On February 28, 1942, captain-lieutenant Fedor Alekseevich Vidyaev was appointed commander. On April 3, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On April 8, in the area of the North Cape, at a depth of 15 m, it was blown up by an antenna mine, lost speed and the ability to dive. On April 9, it was sunk by a torpedo from the K-22. which previously removed the crew from it.
Duration of combat service - 9.6 months (June 22, 1941 - April 9, 1942). 6 military campaigns (98 days). 8 torpedo attacks, as a result of which 1 ship was sunk (2975 GRT), in addition, 1 ship was possibly sunk.
"Shch-422"
On December 15, 1934, in Gorky, at plant No. 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo), the assembly of the hull began from parts manufactured at the Kolomensky Machine-Building Plant named after. Kuibyshev under the designation "Shch-314", serial number 84. On April 12, 1935, it was launched. On December 6, 1937 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
On May 19, 1939, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 17, 1939, the designation "Shch-422" was assigned. On June 21, 1939 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On June 22, 1941, she met Alexey Kiryanovich Malyshev under the command of Lieutenant Commander (later captain 3rd rank) as part of the 3rd division of the submarine brigade in the dispersal area in Olenya Bay. On October 6, upon arrival at the position, the commander reported that he could not continue to carry out the assigned combat mission due to three fingers being broken by the bulkhead door. "Shch-422" was returned to base. On January 26, 1942, she discovered a motorboat and, having removed the crew, sank it with artillery fire. On January 27, after the attack on the transport, while charging the batteries, suddenly at a distance of 20 kb she discovered an enemy destroyer coming towards her, which from a distance of 10 kab opened artillery fire on the already sinking submarine, and after passing over it, dropped several depth charges. She received some damage and returned to base. On March 29, while in position, she discovered a submarine on the surface, but considering it her Shch-421, she refused the attack. On June 10, captain-lieutenant (later captain 3rd rank) Fedor Alekseevich Vidyaev was appointed commander. After the vehicle attack on August 24, she was pursued for an hour and 48 minutes. During this time, 177 depth charges were dropped on it.
1943 met in navigation repairs. On July 1, she went out on another military campaign and did not return to the base. Presumably she died from a mine explosion or was sunk on July 17 by depth charges of the anti-submarine defense ships "Uj-1206", "Uj-1212" and "UJ-1217", on July 25 she was awarded the title "Gvardeiskaya".
Duration of combat service - 24.8 months (June 22, 1941 - July 17, 1943). 15 military campaigns (235 days). 14 torpedo attacks, which may have sunk 1 ship. 1 ship was sunk by artillery fire.
"Shch-424"
Laid down on December 17, 1934 in Leningrad at plant No. 189 (Baltic Shipyard) under the designation “Shch-312, serial number 260.” Launched on April 27, 1935. On December 15, 1935, renamed “Shch-321.” On July 17, 1936 it became part of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
On May 19, 1939, she began the transition to the North along the White Sea-Baltic Canal. On June 17, it was renamed Shch-424. On June 21 it became part of the Northern Fleet. On October 20, at the exit from the Kola Bay, it was rammed by the fishing trawler "RT-43". The blow hit the left side in the wheelhouse area, after 3 minutes the submarine sank at a depth of 250 m. 10 (according to other sources 7) people were saved, including commander-lieutenant Shuisky, military commissar Kondakov, assistant commander Malyshev, navigator Gavrilov, miner Sinyakov.
The development of the preliminary design of a medium-displacement Series III submarine with torpedo and artillery armament, called "Pike", was carried out at NTMK with the participation of underwater shipbuilding specialists B.M. Malinin and K.I. Ruberovsky. By the end of the work, S.A. Bazilevsky became involved in it.
The main tactical and technical elements of the submarine "Pike" were approved at a meeting held under the leadership of the head of the Navy R.A. Muklevich on November 1, 1928. The development of the project by Technical Bureau No. 4 was completed by the end of 1929.
The one-and-a-half-hull (with boules) submarine of riveted design was intended for mass construction. Therefore, when developing the project, much attention was paid to reducing its cost in every possible way. It was intended to replace the block assembly of submarines in the workshop, in the most favorable conditions to increase labor productivity and reduce costs.
The first version of the design assignment provided for dividing the durable hull of the submarine "Pike" into 5 compartments. The strength of all lightweight flat bulkheads was designed for only 2 atm. In the event of flooding of any compartment, the submarine would remain afloat, because its buoyancy reserve (22%) exceeded the volume of the largest of them - the bow. At the same time, calculations have shown that when the bow compartment is flooded, if the adjacent main ballast tank is filled, a trim of over 80 degrees will form. Therefore, the bow compartment was divided into two by an additional bulkhead installed between the torpedo tubes and spare torpedoes. The calculated trim then decreased by about 10 degrees, which was considered satisfactory.
A simplified lightweight hull form was adopted. Unlike the Leninets-class submarine, it covered only two-thirds of the length of the pressure hull. The main ballast tanks were located in the boules (hemispherical fittings) running along the sides, and the bow and stern tanks were located at the ends of the light hull. Only the middle, equalization and rapid immersion tanks were located inside a durable housing. This provided simpler technology, a larger width of the main ballast tanks, and facilitated their assembly and riveting.
However, the Boolean form of the light hull of a medium-sized submarine had both advantages over two- and one-and-a-half-hull submarines of the "Dekabrist" and "Leninets" types, as well as disadvantages (it worsened propulsion). Tests of the head submarine of series III showed that at full speed it formed two systems of transverse waves: one was created by the main contours of the hull and extremities, the other by the boules. Consequently, their interference should have increased the resistance to movement. Therefore, the shape of the boules for submarines of this type in subsequent series was improved. Their nasal tip was pointed and raised up to the level of the waterline. This shifted the entire system of transverse waves generated by the boules somewhat forward, further from resonance with the waves from the main body.
For the Series III submarine, a straight stem was adopted. In subsequent series of submarines of this type, it was replaced by an inclined, curved one similar to the Decembrist type submarine.
In the final version, the durable hull of the "Shch" type submarine of series III was divided into 6 compartments by flat bulkheads.
The first (bow) compartment is the torpedo compartment. It housed 4 torpedo tubes (two each vertically and horizontally) and 4 spare torpedoes on racks.
The second compartment is the battery compartment. In the pits, covered with a removable flooring made of wooden panels, 2 groups of AB were located (56 elements of the “KSM” type each). In the upper part of the compartment there were living quarters, under the battery pits there were fuel tanks.
The third compartment is the central post; a strong wheelhouse was installed above it, closed by a fence with a bridge.
The fourth compartment housed 2 four-stroke uncompressor diesel engines with 600 hp each. with its own mechanisms, systems, gas valves and devices.
The fifth compartment was occupied by 2 main propeller electric motors of 400 hp each. and 2 economic propulsion motors of 20 hp each, which were connected to two propeller shafts by an elastic belt transmission, which helped reduce noise.
In the sixth (aft) compartment there were 2 torpedo tubes (located horizontally).
In addition to torpedo armament, the submarine had a 37-mm semi-automatic anti-aircraft gun and 2 7.62 mm machine guns.
During the construction of the first "Shch" type submarines, not enough attention was paid to the phenomenon of compression of the hull by external water pressure. Insignificant on Bars-class submarines with their shallower immersion depth and large reserves of rigidity, it caused serious trouble on submarines under construction. For example, during the first deep-sea dive of the "Shch" type submarine, the fillet of the aft torpedo-loading hatch was deformed. The resulting leak was a continuous veil of water, gushing under high pressure due to the lining angle that connected the casing of the fillet to the durable body. Is it true. The thickness of the water sheet was no more than 0.2 mm, but its length exceeded 1 m. Of course, such a leak did not create a threat of flooding of the 6th compartment, but the very fact of its appearance indicated insufficient rigidity of the structure, compensating for the elliptical cutout in a durable hull of rather long length (cutting several frames). In addition, the appearance of a leak had a negative psychological impact on personnel. In this regard, it is appropriate to quote the words of one of the most experienced Soviet submariners: “Apparently, even a person far from underwater service can easily imagine what a powerful jet of water means, bursting under enormous pressure into a submarine located at depth. There is nowhere to escape from it.
Either stop her at any cost or die. Of course, submariners always choose the first, no matter what the cost to each of them."
The structure in the area where the fillet joins the strong body was reinforced with additional removable beams.
Even during the testing of the Dekabrist submarine, attention was drawn to the strong burying of the submarine's bow into the oncoming wave at full surface speed. There were no deck tanks on "Shch" type submarines, as well as on "L" type submarines, and this further increased their tendency to bury them. Only later did it become obvious that such a phenomenon is inevitable for all submarines on the surface and is caused by their small reserve of buoyancy. But when creating the first series of submarines, they tried to combat this by increasing the buoyancy of the bow end. For this purpose, a special “buoyancy tank” was installed on the “Shch” type submarine, filled, like the entire superstructure, through scuppers (holes with gratings), but equipped with ventilation valves for the bow main ballast tank. However, this only led to a reduction in the period of pitching and an increase in its amplitude: after a sharp rise to the wave, the bow of the submarine also sharply fell down and buried itself in its sole. Therefore, later on submarines of the Shch type, the bow “buoyancy tanks” were eliminated.
The main ballast tanks were filled with sea water by gravity through seacocks located in special enclosures in the lower part of the light hull. They had only manual drives. The ventilation valves of these tanks were controlled using both pneumatic remote actuators and manual actuators.
Excessive simplification and the desire to reduce the cost led to the decision to abandon the blowing of the main ballast tanks with turbochargers on Series III submarines, replacing the blowing with pumping with centrifugal pumps. But this replacement was unsuccessful: the duration of the process of removing the main ballast increased to 20 minutes. This was absolutely unacceptable, and turbochargers were again installed on the "Shch" type submarines. Later, on all submarines of this type, for the first time in the domestic submarine shipbuilding, blowers were replaced by blowing the main ballast with exhaust gases of diesel engines (low pressure air system). In this case, diesel engines were driven by the main propeller electric motor and acted as a compressor.
Thus, 3 series III submarines - "Pike", "Perch" and "Ruff" were laid down on February 5, 1930 in the presence of a member of the USSR Revolutionary Military Council, head of the Navy R.A. Muklevich. He spoke about the Shch type submarine in the following way: “We have the opportunity with this submarine to begin a new era in our shipbuilding. This will provide an opportunity to acquire skills and prepare the necessary personnel to launch production.”
The builder of the submarines "Pike" and "Perch" was M.L. Kovalsky, the submarine "Ruff" was built by K.I. Grinevsky. The responsible commissioner for these three submarines being built in Leningrad was G.M. Trusov, and the commissioning mechanic was K.F. Ignatiev. The State Admissions Committee was headed by Y.K. Zubarev.
The first 2 submarines entered service with the Baltic Sea Naval Forces on October 14, 1933. Their commanders were A.P. Shergin and D.M. Kosmin, and mechanical engineers were I.G. Milyashkin and I.N. Peterson.
The third submarine "Ruff" entered service with the Baltic Fleet on November 25, 1933. A.A. Vitkovsky took command of it, and V.V. Semin became a mechanical engineer.
The fourth submarine of series III was supposed to be called "Id". But at the beginning of 1930, the country's Komsomol members took the initiative to build one submarine for the 13th anniversary of the October Revolution and call it "Komsomolets". They collected 2.5 million rubles for the construction of the submarine. The ceremonial laying on February 23, 1930 was attended by the Deputy People's Commissar of Military Affairs and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR S.S. Kamenev and the Secretary of the Komsomol S.A. Saltanov. The builder of this submarine was P.I. Makarkin, who was supervising the construction from the Navy - mechanical engineer G.S. .Pakhomov. On May 2, 1931, the submarine was launched and then transported along the Mariinsky water system to Leningrad for completion.
On August 15, 1934, the submarine "Komsomolets" was accepted from industry, and on August 24 it was assigned to the Baltic Fleet. Its first commander was K.M. Bubnov, and the mechanical engineer was G.N. Kokilev.
TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL ELEMENTS OF "SHCH" TYPE PLUS SERIES III
Displacement surface / submerged 572 t / 672 t
Length 57 m
Maximum width 6.2 m
Surface draft 3.76 m
Number and power of main diesel engines: 2 x 600 hp.
Number and power of main electric motors 2 x 400 hp.
Full surface speed 11.5 knots
Full underwater speed 8.5 knots
Cruising range surface full speed 1350 miles (9 kts)
Cruising range surface economic speed 3130 miles (8.5 kts)
Cruising range underwater economic speed 112 miles (2.8 kts)
Autonomy 20 days
Working immersion depth 75 m
Maximum diving depth 90 m
Armament: 4 bow and 2 stern TA, total ammunition 10 torpedoes
One 45 mm gun (500 rounds)
In accordance with the decision of the All-Union Communist Party of Belarus and the Government of the USSR, in 1932 the construction of 12 submarines of the "Shch" type for the Pacific Ocean began. The first 4 submarines ("Karas", "Bream", "Karp" and "Burbot") were laid down on March 20. At first, the new series began to be called submarines of the "Karas" type, series III, then submarines of the "Pike" type - bis and, finally, submarines of the "Pike" type, series V (in November 1933, the submarine "Karas" received the name "Salmon").
On the Series III submarine, the strength of the bulkhead between the first and second compartments was designed, like other bulkheads, to withstand an underwater accident. But the method of approximate calculation that was used did not take into account the possible re-deepening of the submarine when moving with trim. Therefore, on the submarine of the "Shch" type of series V, another transverse bulkhead was added (on the 31st frame), dividing the second compartment into two. As a result, the battery groups were isolated from one another, which increased the survivability of the battery. At the same time, the aft bulkhead of the bow compartment was moved 2 frames forward (from the 24th to the 22nd frame).
It should be noted that electric welding was used in the manufacture of intercompartment bulkheads. It was also used in the manufacture of some tanks and foundations of individual mechanisms inside a durable housing. Electric welding was persistently introduced into underwater shipbuilding.
The total number of V-series submarine compartments increased to 7. However, it was necessary to store spare torpedoes without charging compartments in the second compartment; to assemble them before firing from the left side torpedo tubes (No. 2 and No. 4), an oval bulkhead door was used, and along the axis of the torpedo tubes for the starboard side devices (No. 1 and No. 3), make corresponding hatches in the new bulkhead.
The middle tank was moved into the double-hull space, which made it easier to design, increasing the test pressure threefold.
These design changes were also dictated by the need to transport Shch type submarines to the Far East. Therefore, the cutting of the skin and the set of a durable hull, which was made of eight sections corresponding to the railway dimensions, were simultaneously changed.
The length of the V series submarine was increased by 1.5 m, resulting in a slightly increased displacement (592 t / 716 t). This was also facilitated by the installation of a second 45-mm gun and a doubling of ammunition (up to 1000 shells).
The main builder of the "Shch" type submarine of series V was G.M. Trusov. The idea of delivery to the Pacific Ocean in sections with subsequent assembly on site belonged to engineer P.G. Goinkis. The production and shipment of sections was ensured by K.F. Terletsky, who traveled to the Far East and, together with P.G. Goinkis, supervised the assembly of the submarine.
The first railway train with sections of V-series submarines was sent to the Far East on June 1, 1932. By the end of the year, 7 V-series submarines were in service. Their appearance in the Pacific Ocean caused serious concern among the Japanese government. Japanese newspapers released the following information: “The Bolsheviks brought several worthless old submarines to Vladivostok.”
In total, by the end of 1933, the Pacific Fleet received 8 submarines of the "Shch" type, series V (the acceptance certificate for the eighth submarine "Forel", later "Shch-108", was approved on April 5, 1934). The shipbuilding industry completed the intensive plan for commissioning them by 112%.
The commander of the lead submarine "Salmon" of series V (later "Shch-101"), which joined the MSDV on November 26, 1933, was G.N. Kholostyakov, and the mechanical engineer was V.V. Filippov. The permanent commission for its testing and acceptance was headed by A.K. Wekman. On December 22, an act of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Naval Forces of the Far East was signed on the completion and overfulfillment of the program for commissioning submarines in 1933.
A further modification of the "Shch" type submarines were the submarines of the V-bis series (originally the VII series), V-bis 2, X and X-bis. Some design changes were made to them, which improved survivability, the interior of mechanisms and devices, and somewhat increased tactical and technical elements. More advanced electronic navigation devices, communications and hydroacoustics were installed.
Of the 13 submarines of the V-bis series, 8 submarines were built for the Pacific Fleet, 2 submarines for the Baltic Fleet, 3 submarines for the Black Sea Fleet. Of the 14 submarines of the V-bis series, 2 each received 5 submarines from the Baltic Fleet and Pacific Fleet, 4 submarines from the Black Sea Fleet.
By the time of designing the V-bis series submarine, it became possible to increase the power of the main diesel engines by 35% with virtually no change in their weight and dimensions. Together with the improvement in the shape of the boules, this resulted in an increase in the surface speed of the submarine by more than 1.5 knots. The lead submarine of the V-bis series "Militant Atheist", built with funds from voluntary contributions from members of this society, was laid down in November 1932 (builder and responsible deliverer - I.G. Milyashkin). When the Red Banner Baltic Fleet entered service on July 19, 1935, the submarine was given a new name "Lin" ("Shch-305"). The second submarine of the V-bis series was the submarine "Salmon" ("Shch-308").
On the "Shch" type submarine of the V-bis 2 series, the bow contours were somewhat improved by lengthening the boules. To store spare torpedoes in the assembly, the aft bulkhead of the second compartment (on the 31st frame) was made unusual - the profile was not vertical, but stepped, its upper part (above the battery pit) was moved one groove aft.
The strength of the bulkheads of the central post, now located in the fourth compartment, was designed for 6 atm.
5 submarines of series V-bis 2 - "Cod" (head, "Shch-307"), "Haddock" ("Shch-306"), "Dolphin" ("Shch-309"), "Belukha" ("Shch- 310") and "Kumzha" ("Shch-311") were laid down on the eve of the 16th anniversary of the October Revolution - November 6, 1933. The first two of them entered service with the Red Banner Baltic Fleet on August 17, 1935, the third - on November 20, 1935 The commander of one of the submarines of the V-bis 2 series described his submarine as follows: “equipped with the latest electronic navigation devices at that time, the submarine “Shch-309” (“Dolphin”) could sail in any weather far from its bases, both at sea and at sea. and in the ocean.
Possessing powerful torpedo armament, as well as systems, devices and instruments that provide covert access to a torpedo attack, the submarine had the ability to operate against large enemy warships and detect them in a timely manner - this was enabled by its surveillance equipment. The submarine's radio station guaranteed stable communication with the command at a great distance from their bases.
Finally, the appropriate arrangement of instruments and mechanisms in the submarine ensured not only the successful use and preservation of its survivability, but also the rest of the personnel during the time free from watchkeeping.
The strength and reliability of the submarines were tested in the harsh battles of the war of 1941 - 1945. The commander of the same submarine "Shch-309" wrote about this from the fierce pursuit of his submarine by enemy anti-submarine ships in 1942: "The submarine withstood all the tests: close explosions of depth charges, great depths, the vagaries of the sea elements, and in full combat readiness, not Having let not a single drop of water inside, she continued to perform combat service, and this is a considerable merit of the submarine’s builders.”
Before the creation of the X-series submarine (first V-bis 3), the industry began to produce improved diesel engines of the "35-K-8" brand with a power of 800 hp. at 600 rpm. As a result, the surface speed of the new "Shch" type submarines increased by 0.5 knots compared to the V-bis series submarines. A certain increase in underwater speed was facilitated by the installation of a so-called limousine-shaped conning tower, characterized by an inclination of its walls to the bow and stern. However, when sailing on the surface, especially in fresh weather, this form of deckhouse allowed the oncoming wave to easily roll along the inclined wall and flood the navigation bridge. To eliminate this, some X-series submarines had reflective canopies installed that diverted the oncoming wave towards the side.
The measures taken to increase the surface and underwater speed of the "Shch" type submarine, however, did not give the desired results: the X-series submarine had the highest speed - 14.12 knots / 8.62 knots. “Pikes are good for everyone, but their speed is too small. Sometimes it leads to distressing situations when a detected convoy has to be accompanied only with strong expressions - the lack of speed did not allow reaching the salvo point,” this was the opinion of Hero of the Soviet Union I.A. Kolyshkin, a veteran of the Northern Fleet, in which the X-series "Shch" type submarines operated during the war.
One of the most serious problems in underwater shipbuilding has always been the provision of submarines with fresh water reserves, since this directly affected its autonomy. Even during the construction of the D-type submarine, the question was raised about creating an electric desalination plant capable of satisfying the crew’s need for fresh water for drinking and cooking, as well as distilled water for topping up batteries. For a long time, solving this problem was difficult due to the insufficient reliability of heating elements and high energy consumption. But in the end, both issues were resolved: firstly, by improving the technology and quality of thermal insulation, and secondly, by introducing more complete heat recovery from waste water and steam. At the same time, ways were found to impart the desired taste to desalinated water and supply it with those microelements without which the normal functioning of the human body is impossible. The first sample of an electric desalination plant that met the requirements was installed on a submarine of the Shch type, X series.
The lead submarine of the X series "Shch-127" was laid down on July 23, 1934. It was built for the Pacific Fleet. On the same day, construction began on another X-series submarine (Shch-126). The first 4 submarines of this series entered service with the Pacific Fleet on October 3, 1936.
In total, the industry gave the USSR Navy 32 submarines of the "Shch" type of the X series, which were distributed among the fleets as follows:
KBF - 15 submarines, Black Sea Fleet - 8 submarines, Pacific Fleet - 9 submarines.
Before the start of the war, 75 submarines of the "Shch" type of series II, V, V - bis, V - bis -2 and x entered service. 13 submarines of the X-bis series were under construction, of which 9 submarines were enlisted in the Navy until the end of the war.
In total, of the 88 submarines that the industry built, 86 submarines entered the USSR Navy; two submarines were dismantled after the war for ship repair.
Despite some shortcomings, submarines of the "Shch" type had higher tactical and technical elements than foreign submarines of similar types, were distinguished by their simplicity of design, reliability of mechanisms, systems and devices, and had a large margin of safety. They could dive and surface in waves up to 6 points, and did not lose seaworthiness in a storm of 9 - 10 points. They were equipped with "Mars" type noise direction finders and "Vega" type audio communication devices with a range of 6 to 12 miles.
“Having 10 torpedoes, a 60 m long Shch-type submarine could sink a battleship or an aircraft carrier in the ocean. Thanks to their relatively small size, Shch-type submarines were very agile and almost elusive for submarine-hunting boats.”
Submarines of this type of different series were characterized by an extremely eventful fate, in which the definition common to many of them - “the first” - was most often repeated.
The first submarines of the Naval Forces of the Far East (from January 11, 1935 - Pacific Fleet) were the submarine "Salmon" ("Shch-11", from 1934 - "Shch-101") and "Bream" ("Shch-12", from 1934 - "Shch-102") series V, which raised the naval flag on September 23, 1933. Subsequently, the lead submarine of the Pacific Fleet under the command of D.G. Chernov took first place based on the results of combat and political training and was awarded an honorary award by the Komsomol Central Committee Komsomol badge. An enlarged image of him, cast in bronze, was mounted on the submarine's conning tower. No other warship has received such distinction.
At the beginning of 1934, the submarine "Bream" (commander A.T. Zaostrovtsev), leaving the bay for combat training, was the first to sail under the ice, traveling about 5 miles. In the same year, the submarines "Karp" ("Shch-13", later "Shch-103") and "Burbot" ("Shch-14", later "Shch-104"), commanded by N.S. Ivanovsky and S. .S. Kudryashov, were the first to make a long-distance training trip along the shores of Primorye. During the long voyage the equipment worked flawlessly.
In March - April 1935, the submarine "Shch-117" ("Mackerel"), the lead submarine of the V-bis series, was in autonomous navigation, the commander of which was N.P. Egipko.
In August - November, the submarine "Shch-118" ("Mullet") completed a long voyage, the commander of which was A.V. Buk.
In the second half of the same year, the submarine "Shch-103" ("Karp") of series V under the command of E.E. Poltavsky made a continuous 58-hour underwater voyage, traveling under economical electric motors for more than 150 miles, which significantly exceeded the design norm.
In 1936, People's Commissar of Defense K.E. Voroshilov set the task for submariners to practice the navigation of submarines for their full autonomy. A movement of innovators has developed among submariners to increase the autonomy standards established during the design. To do this, it was necessary to find ways to increase the supply of fuel, fresh water, and food on the submarine in combination with habitability training for personnel.
Practice has shown that "Shch" type submarines had large hidden reserves. Pacific Fleet submariners, for example, managed to increase their autonomy by 2 - 3.5 times compared to the norm. The submarine "Shch-117" (commander N.P. Egipko) was at sea for 40 days (the norm is 20 days), also setting a record for staying under water while underway - 340 hours 35 minutes. During this time, "Shch-117" covered 3022.3 miles, of which 315.6 miles were under water. All personnel of this submarine were awarded orders. This submarine became the first ship in the USSR Navy with a fully decorated crew.
In March - May of the same year, the submarine "Shch-122" ("Sayda") of series V - bis-2 under the command of A.V. Buk was on a 50-day autonomous cruise, in April - June - the submarine "Shch-123" ("Eel") of the same series under the command of I.M. Zainullin. Her voyage lasted 2.5 months - one and a half times longer than the submarine "Shch-122" and almost 2 times longer than the submarine "Shch-117".
In July - September, the submarine "Shch-119" ("Beluga") of series V - bis and "Shch-121" ("Zubatka") of series V - bis-2 made a long voyage.
In August - September, 5 submarines of the "Shch" type, accompanied by the floating base "Saratov", carried out a long joint voyage under the command of captain 2nd rank G.N. Kholostyakov. They were the first submarines in the history to visit Okhotsk, Magadan and other settlements in the Sea of Okhotsk.
In the period from September 14 to December 25, 1936, the submarine "Shch-113" ("Sterlet") of series V - encore, commanded by M.S. Klevensky, completed a 103-day cruise. This same submarine was the first to sail for an hour under diesel engines at periscope depth. Air for the operation of diesel engines was supplied through a corrugated hose (its upper end was fixed to the head of the anti-aircraft periscope, and the lower end was connected to the external ventilation valve of the surge tank) through the internal ventilation valve of the tank. This curious experiment was carried out to find out the possibility of underwater navigation of diesel submarines without using up electricity reserves.
The autonomy of the "Shch" type submarine of the X series in the Baltic Fleet was increased to 40 days (on average).
In 1936, a division of such submarines under the command of Captain 2nd Rank N.E. Eichbaum spent 46 days on the campaign. The new autonomy periods for the most numerous submarines in the Soviet Navy of the "Shch" type, doubled compared to the previous ones, were officially approved by the People's Commissar of Defense.
In 1937, the submarine "Shch-105" ("Keta") of series V under the command of captain 3rd rank A.T. Chebanenko was used for the first time in the Far East for scientific voyages. While sailing in the Seas of Japan and Okhotsk, she carried out gravimetric surveys - determining the acceleration of gravity on the earth's surface.
Among the first submarines of the Northern Fleet were "Shch-313" ("Shch-401"), "Shch-314" ("Shch-402"), "Shch-315" ("Shch-403"), "Shch-316" ("Shch-404") series X, arrived in 1937 from the Baltic to the North. The following year, the submarines "Shch-402" and "Shch-404" took part in the rescue operation of the first ever Arctic research station "North Pole".
Submarines "Shch-402" (commander-lieutenant-commander B.K. Bakunin), "Shch-403" (commander-lieutenant-commander F.M. Eltishchev) and "Shch-404" (commander-lieutenant-commander V.A. Ivanov ) were among the first four Soviet submarines, which were the first to sail from the Arctic to the North Sea in 1939. In the Barents Sea they withstood a severe storm (the wind force reached 11 points). On the submarine "Shch-404", waves tore off several metal sheets of the light hull superstructure and an underwater anchor, but none of the submarine's mechanisms failed.
The "Shch" type submarines successfully withstood the harsh combat test during the Soviet-Finnish War in the winter of 1939 - 1940. They were the first of the Soviet ships to use their weapons. The combat account was opened by the X-series submarine "Shch-323" under the command of Art. Lieutenant F.I. Ivantsov, sinking the Kassari transport (379 brt) on December 10 in stormy conditions with artillery shells. At the end of the same day, the crew of the submarine "Shch-322" under the command of Lieutenant Commander V.A. Poleshchuk won. The transport "Rheinbeck" (2804 brt), which did not stop for inspection in the Gulf of Bothnia, was sunk by a torpedo. The submarine "Shch-311" ("Kumzha") series V - bis-2 operated successfully in the Gulf of Bothnia under the command of Lieutenant Commander F.G. Vershinin. On December 28, on the approaches to the port of Vasa, she damaged the Siegfried transport in compacted ice, and a few hours later she destroyed the Vilpas transport (775 brt) with shells and torpedoes.
The X-series submarine Shch-324, commanded by Captain 3rd Rank A.M. Konyaev, when leaving the Gulf of Bothnia on January 19, for the first time in a combat situation, crossed the Sörda-Kvarken (Southern Kvarken) Strait under the ice, covering 20 miles.
On February 7, 1940, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded the submarine "Shch-311" with the Order of the Red Banner. She was (along with the S-1 submarine) one of the first Red Banner submarines in the USSR Navy.
The third Red Banner submarine became the Shch-324 on April 21, 1940. This X-series submarine made, from August 5 to September 9, 1940, the first passage in the history of scuba diving along the Northern Sea Route from Polyarny to Privedeniya Bay (Bering Sea). It was commanded by captain 3rd rank I.M. Zainullin, the mechanical engineer was military technician 1st rank G.N. Soloviev. On October 17, the submarine "Shch-423" entered Vladivostok. She passed through 8 seas and became the first submarine to pass along the northern and eastern sea borders of the USSR along their entire length.
It should be noted that the submarines "Shch-212" and "Shch-213" of the Black Sea Fleet were the first Soviet submarines equipped in 1940 with bubble-free torpedo firing devices (BIS). Moreover, after the torpedoes left the submarine, an air bubble did not appear on the surface of the sea, as was the case before, unmasking the torpedo attack and the location of the submarine.
The first of the Soviet submarines in the Great Patriotic War was the submarine "Shch-402" of the X series (commanded by senior lieutenant N.G. Stolbov) of the Northern Fleet. On July 14, 1941, she sank an enemy transport after penetrating the roadstead of the port of Honningsvåg. The first result in anti-submarine warfare was achieved by the crew of the submarine "Shch-307" of the V-bis-2 series (commander-lieutenant commander N.I. Petrov) of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. On August 10, 1941, in the area of the Soelazund Strait, the German submarine "U-144" was sunk by it.
Of the Black Sea Fleet submarines, the first to achieve success was the submarine "Shch-211" of the X series (commander-lieutenant commander A.D. Devyatko), sinking the transport "Peles" (5708 brt) on August 15, 1941.
Painting by Oleg Yudin: Submarine "Pike" X-series
The first ships of the Soviet Navy during the war to be awarded a state award - the Order of the Red Banner - were two. One of them is the submarine "Shch-323" (commanded by captain-lieutenant F.I. Ivantsov) of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
In 1942, the Red Banner Baltic Fleet submarine had to break through the enemy’s powerful anti-submarine line in the Gulf of Finland for the first time. The first to successfully complete this task was the submarine "Shch-304" ("Komsomolets"), commanded by Captain 3rd Rank Ya.P. Afanasyev. This latest Series III submarine showed high combat stability under attacks from various types of anti-submarine weapons. She broke through a minefield, was attacked more than once and was mercilessly pursued by enemy ships. "Shch-322" crossed the lines of enemy mines 22 times, was attacked 7 times by aircraft and fired upon by coastal artillery three times, had 7 encounters with enemy patrol ships, and two with German submarines. She was pursued 14 times by enemy anti-submarine ships, dropping over 150 depth charges. The submarine "Shch-304" returned from the voyage in victory, having sunk on June 15, 1942 at the Porcallan-Kalboda lighthouse the floating base of motorized minesweepers MRS-12 (the former transport ship "Nuremberg" with a displacement of 5635 GRT. In the same year, the submarine "Shch-304" 101" ("Salmon") of series V of the Pacific Fleet was equipped with an on-board mine device that made it possible to receive 40 mines of PLT. At the same time, it retained its torpedo armament.
Of the three submarines of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, awarded the guards rank on March 1, 1943, 2 submarines of the Shch type - Shch-303 (Ruff) of series III and Shch-309 (Dolphin) of series V-bis-2 . On the same day, the first guards submarine of the Black Sea Fleet became the submarine "Shch-205" ("Nerpa") of the bis-2 series.
In 1943, the Guards submarine "Shch-303" was the first to overcome the enemy's reinforced anti-submarine defenses in the Gulf of Finland. She reached the Nargen-Porkallaudd position, where the enemy additionally installed 2 lines of steel anti-submarine networks, along which ship patrols were deployed, and underwater sonar stations operated on the flanks. The submarine "Shch-303" stubbornly tried to break through the anti-submarine network barrier, which the German command gave the name "Walros". She repeatedly became entangled in nets and was subjected to fierce attacks by enemy ships and aircraft. Berlin radio hastened to report the sinking of the Soviet submarine, but it returned safely to base. During the military campaign, more than two thousand depth charges were dropped on it. Many times the submarine's hull touched mines. The average stay under water is 23 hours a day.
The submarine "Shch-318" of series X of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, commanded by captain 3rd rank L.A. Loshkarev, also had to withstand the test of structural strength in extreme situations.
At about 4 o'clock in the morning on February 10, 1945, off the coast of Courland, during an urgent dive, she was rammed by a German ship that suddenly appeared from the snowy darkness. The impact hit the aft part of the left side of the submarine. The stern horizontal rudders were jammed, a trim aft formed, and the Shch-318 began to rapidly sink. Her fall after an emergency blowing of the main ballast was stopped at a depth of 65 m. The submarine was practically unable to move under water - the vertical rudder was also disabled. The given depth could be maintained only with the help of the bow horizontal rudders, and the course could be maintained by changing the operating mode of the propulsion electric motors. An hour later, when the hydroacoustic reported that the “horizon” was clear, “Shch-318” surfaced. The water around the submarine, the upper deck and the bridge was covered with a layer of diesel fuel. The damage received as a result of the ramming strike turned out to be significant: the drives of the aft horizontal rudders and the vertical rudder were broken, the latter being jammed in the port position, the aft ballast tank was broken, and the left aft TA was damaged. Troubleshooting at sea was out of the question. Returning to the base, the submarine could only be on the surface, continuously exposed to the risk of encountering enemy anti-submarine forces. The subordinates of the commander of the warhead-5, engineer-captain-lieutenant N.M. Gorbunov, kept the submarine on a given course by changing the rotation speed of each of the two diesel engines. On February 14, "Shch-318" independently arrived in Turku, where the Soviet Red Banner Baltic Fleet submarines were based after Finland left the war. "Shch-318" withstood the test of strength, while the German transport "August Schulze" ("Ammerland - 2") with a displacement of 2452 GRT, which rammed it, sank on the same day from the damage received.
During the Great Patriotic War, "Shch" type submarines sank 99 enemy ships with a total displacement of 233,488 GRT, 13 warships and auxiliary vessels, damaged 7 ships with a total displacement of 30,884 GRT and one minesweeper. They accounted for 30% of the enemy's sunk and damaged tonnage. Soviet submarines of other types did not have this result.
The greatest successes have been achieved:
The X-series submarine "Shch-421" (commanded by captain 3rd rank N.A. Lunin and captain-lieutenant F.A. Vidyaev) of the Northern Fleet sank 7 transports with a total displacement of 22,175 brt;
Submarine "Shch-307" ("Cod") - the lead submarine of the V series - bis-2 (commanded by Lieutenant Commanders N.O. Momot and M.S. Kalinin) of the Baltic Fleet sank 7 ships with a total displacement of 17,225 GRT;
Submarine "Shch-404" series X (commander captain 2nd rank V.A. Ivanov) of the Northern Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 16,000 gross tons;
The submarine "Shch-407" of the X-bis series (commanded by captain-lieutenant P.I. Bocharov) of the Baltic Fleet sank 2 ships with a total displacement of 13,775 gross tons;
Submarine "Shch-402" series X (commanders captain 3rd rank N.G. Stolbov and A.M. Kautsky) of the Northern Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 13,482 gross tons;
The submarine "Shch-309" sank 13,775 GRT;
The X-series submarine "Shch-402" (commanders 3rd rank captains I.S. Kabo and P.P. Vetchinkin) of the Baltic Fleet sank 4 ships with a total displacement of 12,457 GRT;
Submarine "Shch-211" series X (commander-lieutenant commander A.D. Devyatko) of the Black Sea Fleet sank 2 ships with a total displacement of 11,862 gross tons;
Submarine "Shch-303" ("Ruff"_) series III (commanders captain-lieutenant I.V. Travkin and captain 3rd rank E.A. Ignatiev) of the Baltic Fleet sank 2 ships with a total displacement of 11844 gross tons;
Submarine "Shch-406" - the lead submarine of the X-bis series (commanded by captain 3rd rank E.Ya. Osipov) of the Baltic Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 11,660 gross tons;
Submarine "Shch-310" series V-bis-2 (commanders 3rd rank captains D.K. Yaroshevich and S.N. Bogorad) of the Baltic Fleet sank 7 ships with a total displacement of 10995 gross tons;
The X-series submarine "Shch-317" (commanded by captain-lieutenant N.K. Mokhov) of the Baltic Fleet sank 5 ships with a total displacement of 10,931 gross tons;
The X-series submarine "Shch-320" (commanded by captain 3rd rank I.M. Vishnevsky) of the Baltic Fleet sank 3 ships with a total displacement of 10,095 gross tons.
The submarines "Shch-307", "Shch-310", "Shch-320", "Shch-323", "Shch-406" of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, "Shch-201", "Shch-209" of the Black Sea Fleet were awarded the Order of the Red Banner , "Shch-403", "Shch-404", "Shch-421" of the Northern Fleet.
The submarines "Shch-303", "Shch-309" of the Baltic Fleet, "Shch-205", "Shch-215" of the Black Sea Fleet, "Shch-422" of the Northern Fleet, and the submarine "Shch-402" of the Northern Fleet were awarded the Guards rank. Red Banner Guards ship.
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Type "Pike" (Type "Shch") III Series.
Unrealized modernization: modernization of 1947.
Further development: type "Shch" V series.
1. Number of submarines of the project: 4
2. Project image:
original appearance
view after major repairs and modernization
coloring of the submarine BF 1941 (PL Shch-304)
3. Project composition:
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entry into service |
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LENINGRAD: Baltic Plant No. 189 (3+1) |
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Detailed diagram of the Shch III series submarine(from original drawings of CDB MT "Rubin") | ||||||
