Man knows more than 300 thousand plant species. Some of them grow in unsuitable conditions. One of these plants are ephemeroids. To survive in a difficult environment, they had to go to the "tricks" and develop special adaptations. What are ephemeroids? You will find the definition and examples in our article.

What are ephemeroids?

Ephemeroids are perennial herbaceous plants, but this is not their peculiarity. They have learned to live where access to water or sunlight is not available all year round, but only in certain seasons. In such conditions, many plants die, because they need these elements regularly to maintain the body.

Ephemera are, in their own way, unique plants. They have adapted to difficult conditions, thanks to a short growing season. When there is enough light and water, they rapidly grow and bloom. With the onset of an unfavorable season, their ground parts dry up and fall off. The underground parts (tubers, rhizomes, bulbs) remain to grow new shoots next year.

Ephemeroids have very little time to develop. Sometimes plants have only a couple of weeks left. Their underground organs contain many nutrients. They accumulate there to feed the plant during "hibernation".

Ephemeral plants also have similar properties. But, unlike ephemeroids, these are annual plants. In a short time, they manage to produce seeds, and they themselves completely die off.

Where do they grow?

Ephemeroids are inhabitants of deserts, steppes and semi-deserts. There is always a lack of moisture, and the hot sun literally burns out all life. But in spring it often rains, and the light is soft and gentle. At such a time, poppies appear in the steppes, astragalus grows, and tulips bloom on the sands of Turkmenistan.

From September to November, climatic spring sets in in the Atacama Desert. There may not be precipitation for many years, so it is considered one of the driest places on Earth. But due to the influence of El Niño, some areas are sometimes irrigated by downpours, and lifeless expanses are covered with colorful flowers.

You can also meet ephemeroids in ordinary forests. In dense broad-leaved forests, there is enough moisture, but, on the contrary, there is not enough light. Ephemeroids grow in oak forests and other groves. They appear when there are no leaves on the trees yet in order to make the most of the solar energy.

Depending on the time of appearance, they are divided into spring and autumn ephemeroids. An example of autumn plants is the crocus. Spring are: tulips, crocuses, snowdrops, goose onions.

Anemone

Anemone or anemone is an ephemeroid from the buttercup family. The flower is distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, even covering some areas of the Arctic. About 170 species of anemones are known, most of which are poisonous.

Anemones have neat large flowers with at least five petals. They come in yellow, red, white, blue and pink. They usually grow in the tundra, on rocky hills and slopes, in steppe meadows and on shady forest edges.

goose bow

It is also called yellow snowdrop, yellowflower, viper onion or goose. In April, the plant appears on the mountain slopes, in the steppes and forests. It has yellow flowers with elongated petals and tall narrow leaves.

The height of the goose bow is about 30-40 centimeters. It does not grow in single flowers, but in small groups. It was once eaten boiled, and was also used to treat asthma, ulcers, and wound healing. The yellow flower is found in North Africa and in the temperate zone of Eurasia, for example, in Ukraine, the Far East and Central Asia.

snowdrops

It is they who announce to us the arrival of spring, appearing even before the snow has completely melted. Snowdrop or "milky flower" is common in Southern and Central Europe, in Asia Minor, on the Black Sea coast. About 16 of its species grow in the Caucasus.

Its flower consists of six petals arranged in two circles. Unlike many other plants, it does not stretch upwards towards the sun, but is lowered towards the ground. The snowdrop dies off in May. The duration of its flowering depends on the area where it grows, as well as the height above sea level. Due to its unpretentiousness, the flower is often bred in the beds. However, some of its species are listed in the Red Book and are considered endangered.

Animals can also be ephemera.[ ...]

These include weeds with a short lifespan, which, in the presence of moisture and heat, can produce several generations during one spring-summer period. The most common representative of this group is the medium chickweed, or wood lice, from the clove family. A pernicious weed, causing especially great damage to vegetable and tilled crops. It grows rapidly in wet years and in low places, in vegetable gardens and peat bogs. Woodlouse, under favorable conditions, grows strongly, covering the ground with continuous clumps and drowning out cultivated plants. Its vegetation period is short - about 40 days. It is capable of producing several generations over the summer. Blossoms and fructifies since May, throughout the summer period.[ ...]

Ephemera and ephemeroids prevail where from spring to summer there is a sharp change in growing conditions associated with the provision of plants with water or light. An example is the lush development in early spring of such plants as the bulbous bluegrass and the thick-pillared sedge in some regions of Central Asia, when the conditions of moisture and temperature are favorable for their life. In aspect, such communities at this time resemble meadows. But as soon as a drought sets in with a high temperature, only seeds remain from the ephemers that have had time to crumble to the soil surface, while the ephemeroids retain only underground organs that are dormant until the onset of favorable conditions for their vegetation. What used to look like a meadow takes on the appearance of a desert.[ ...]

Ephemera are annual herbaceous plants that complete their full cycle of development in a very short and usually wet period.[ ...]

In spring, ephemera and ephemeroids develop widely, which prevail in the herbage in sandy deserts. Of the shrubs, the most common here are dzhuzgun, cherkez, sand acacia, white saxaul, etc. On clayey gypsum-bearing deserts, wormwood, boyalych, tamariks, etc. predominate, and the soil surface is often covered with algae and lichens. The latter form the basis of the vegetation of the clayey takyr areas of the desert. In general, the vegetation cover is very sparse.[ ...]

This annual plant can be found in spring, growing in abundance in dense bright green thickets around temporary lakes in salt marshes in southern Turkmenistan, for example, in the Badkhyz basins. However, a very short time passes, the water of these lakes evaporates and instead of bright greenery, brown-brown rings of dry grass remain around dazzling white salt marshes. Probably, in winter and spring, the corresponding strips of the coasts of such temporary lakes are sufficiently washed from salts by snow and rain waters and become suitable for plant life, and then the strongest salinization sets in again, and the vegetation is already over, the seeds have ripened and are waiting for a new spring, without suffering from an excess of salts. . However, a detailed study of all the details of the ecology and life cycle of this ephemeral halophyte is yet to come.[ ...]

On sandy deserts, ephemera and ephemeroids predominate in herbage. The most widespread sandy sedge-ilak (Carex phusodes), bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa var. vivipara), annual brome (Bromus tectorum, etc.), from the bulbous family - goose onion (Gagea reticulata); Umbelliferae (Ferula foltida), etc.[ ...]

By the nature of development, peronospore fungi are ephemera. They require a short time for the formation of sporonomy and then die off relatively quickly, but with the help of their spores that have fallen on favorable substrates, they develop anew, reborn in new generations, forming new generations of spores that are repeated many times during the growing season.[ ...]

The so-called ephemera stand out from the group of spring early ones, which are distinguished by a very fast and short period of development and can give several (2 ... 3) generations in one growing season.[ ...]

The state of the internal environment of plant cells of the ephemeral group and the activity of the enzymatic processes occurring in them require further careful study.[ ...]

Ephemeroids are perennial herbaceous plants, which, like ephemera, have a very short growing season.[ ...]

Chickweed average, Woodlouse - Stellaria media (L.) Sug. - develops as an ephemeral from spring (Fig. 55). In areas with a mild climate, it overwinters well under snow. Stems recumbent, with a longitudinal strip of curly hairs on the internodes, strongly branched, brittle, 5-30 cm long. Leaves ovate, shortly pointed, lower petiolate, upper sessile. The flowers are small, with bipartite white petals, sitting on long pedicels. The root is fibrous.[ ...]

In the course of the study, 9 biological groups of weeds were identified: 1 - ephemera, 2 - early spring, 3 - wintering, 4 - winter annuals, 5 - facultative, 6 - taproot, 7 - creeping, 8 - rhizomatous, 9 - rhizomatous. We found 24 species of weeds. The largest number of species belong to the early spring ones: bindweed knotweed (.Polygonum convolvulus L.), medicinal fumes (Fumaria officinalis L.), barnyard (chicken millet) (Echinochloa crusgalli L.), green foxtail (Se-taria viridis L.), gauze white

Dung beetle mushrooms have a number of interesting features. Among fungi, they are ephemera. They grow and ripen so quickly that not a single mushroom can compete with them in this. The life of small species is extremely short. Seen in the evening, having lived only one night, they disappear by morning. The development of larger species, such as white dung beetle (Coprinuscomatus), takes a little longer. But even in 48 hours after the formation of the fruiting body, the cap turns black and spreads into a black liquid mass containing numerous spores. This phenomenon is called autolysis (Table 44). It is with him that autolysis begins, due to which the cap is gradually shortened from the bottom up. This is due to the fact that in many species of coprinus the cap does not fully open and remains bell-shaped, and the plates do not taper to the free end. All this would make it difficult for the spores to fall off. In this regard, the maturation and fall of the spores do not occur simultaneously, but sequentially from the bottom up.[ ...]

The facultative or obligate self-pollinating species include many semi-desert ephemera, including the above-mentioned Gymnosteris. Cleistogamous flowers with small colorless corollas hidden in the calyx are known in the large-flowered collomia (Collomia grandiflora), which usually has rather large cross-pollinated flowers.[ ...]

EPHEMEROIDS [from gr. ephemeros - one-day, short-lived and eidos - species] - perennial (unlike ephemera) herbaceous plants with a short (2-8 months) period of autumn-winter-spring vegetation (tulip, swollen sedge, bulbous bluegrass, anemone, blueberry). [ ...]

Lapaeva I.V. Study of some physiological and ishochemical processes in plant organisms of the ephemeral group //Main directions in solving the problem of ecological risk of the fuel and energy complex. M.: VNIIGAZ, 1994.S. 147-155.[ ...]

Monocarpics also include annuals (terophytes) that bloom in the first year of life; the life cycle of ephemera is especially short, fitting into a matter of weeks. In the foothill deserts of Central Asia, ephemeral meadows are formed early in spring, in which annuals predominate. By the beginning of May, they already completely disappear, burn out, leaving only seeds in the soil.[ ...]

Plants in deserts are represented by highly xerophilic herbs and subshrubs, succulents, and many ephemerals that use only wet periods. The vegetation is sparse, which is why herbivores exist in small groups, in pairs and alone. Herds are formed only by animals that can quickly find new areas with food (antelopes, some birds).[ ...]

During the same period, tropical downpours break out over the Atacama Desert, causing powerful floods, ephemeral plants and a mass of insects appear. The desert blooms. This state can last three or four or even up to five or six months, but then again the warm El Niño current moves to the equator, to the Galapagos Islands region, and the cold Peruvian one takes its usual place. And all natural processes develop in the opposite direction.[ ...]

Willowflower sunflower (N. vansinshp) and other annual species of this genus growing in the steppes and deserts of the Old World are ephemera. They manage to go through the entire development cycle - from seed germination to their ripening - in just a few weeks, before the onset of summer heat and drought.[ ...]

Red-yellow pea (Pisum fulvum Sibth. et Smith.) is an annual undersized plant 10-75 cm high, with a very thin stem. A pronounced ephemeral. Strongly responsive to day length. The beans are small (3-4x0.7-1 cm), straight, easily crack when ripe. Seeds are rounded small (0.3-0.4 cm in diameter), the skin is thick, dark brown. The hem is olive, brown or black. Known only in wild flora. It has no special selection value. When crossed with peas, it exhibits high sterility. Distributed mainly in Asia Minor.[ ...]

On the lower step, in the subzone of light gray soils, among perennials, Psoralea drupacea, Ferula sp. and etc.[ ...]

In most leafy mosses, the cap is well developed, but in Sphagnum and Andreev mosses, and in some cleistocarp ephemera from Briaceae, it is poorly developed.[ ...]

This perennial herbaceous plant develops a dense basal rosette of leaves in spring, among which the outer ones are spring, soft, thin and narrow, almost linear, quickly die off, and the inner ones are summer, fleshy, almost succulent, wide, rounded-lanceolate, at first more smaller than spring ones, continue growing season for quite a long time.[ ...]

Juvenile weeds propagate by seeds and complete the development cycle within one to two years. According to their characteristics, they are divided into subgroups: ephemera, spring weeds (early and late), wintering, winter and biennial weeds.[ ...]

One of the adaptations of plants to life in arid areas is the shortening of the life cycle. A group of ephemerals stands out among the parpoly-peaks - annual herbaceous plants that survive the dry period in the form of seeds, and after a sufficient amount of precipitation they germinate, bloom quickly, produce seeds and then die off. They go through the entire development cycle in 5-8 weeks. In an arid climate, perennial plants - ephemeroids - also tend to complete their growing season as soon as possible.[ ...]

The vegetation in the steppes is predominantly xerophilous. There are many ephemerals in the steppe, after the death of the ground parts of which tubers, bulbs, and underground rhizomes remain. And finally, the steppes are characterized by bushes that are eaten by animals.[ ...]

On brown semi-desert loamy soils, wormwood, fescue-wormwood, wormwood-biyurgunovye and biyurgun-kokpek associations dominate with a significant admixture of ephemers and ephemeroids.[ ...]

In the zone, it is very sparse. The projective cover does not exceed 30-40% (in places 20-30%). The soils were formed under fescue-wormwood associations with an admixture of ephemers and ephemeroids. When the herbage is thinned, lichens and blue-green algae develop on the soil surface.[ ...]

The mechanical impact exerted by the walking of vacationers in the forest causes compaction of the soil from the surface and damage to brittle forest grasses. The first spring grasses in a broad-leaved forest, the so-called ephemera, are very hard to tolerate damage: anemone, lungwort, goose onion, etc. It is enough to step on this several times plant, and it will no longer be able to rise.[ ...]

Systematization of weeds was carried out by many authors. BM Mirkin and Yu. A. Zlobin outlined the ecological characteristics of the main biological groups of weeds. The most common representatives of the ecological and biological group of juvenile ephemers are the annual bluegrass, spring stonefly and coppice grains, which usually clog winter crops. They have a short life cycle, undemanding to environmental conditions. Propagated by seeds that germinate at a temperature of 5-12 °C. They bloom in April-June.[ ...]

The seasonal dynamics of desert phytocenoses is pronounced. Phenological changes in communities are easily observed visually, expressed in changes of aspects: from bright yellow and lilac blooms in spring to pale-naked indifference in summer and autumn.[ ...]

Chernozems were formed under grassy vegetation, which is dominated by perennial grasses. At present, most of the black earth steppes have been plowed up and the natural vegetation has been destroyed. In the composition of natural vegetation from north to south, forbs decrease and the content of spring ephemera and ephemeroids increases.[ ...]

Humidity determines the periodicity of the active life of organisms, the seasonal dynamics of life cycles, affects the duration of development, fertility and their mortality. For example, such plant species as spring speedwell, sandy forget-me-not, desert beetroot, etc., using spring moisture, have time to germinate in a very short time (12-30 days), develop generative shoots, bloom, form fruits and seeds. These annual plants are called ephemera (from the Greek "ephemeral" - fleeting, one-day). Ephemera, in turn, are divided into spring and autumn. The above plants belong to the spring ephemera. Individual species of perennial plants, called ephemeroids or geoephemeroids, also show a clear adaptation to the seasonal rhythm of humidity. Under unfavorable humidity conditions, they can delay their development until it becomes optimal or, like ephemera, go through its entire cycle in an extremely short early spring period. This includes typical plants of the southern steppes - steppe hyacinth, poultry, tulips, etc.[ ...]

Herbaceous monocarpics are widespread in the arid regions of the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. Among such monocarpics there are biennial and perennial plants (a number of species from the family Umbelliferae, cruciferous: hogweed, cabbage, cumin, etc.). Most of them have a thickening and contain reserve nutrients.[ ...]

According to R. Whittaker, in the steppes, the dominant life form of plants are hemicryptophytes (perennial grasses) - 63% of the total flora; followed by terophytes (annual herbs) - 14%, chamephytes - 12%, etc. Phanerophytes (trees) make up 1% of the total number of plants. Plants of the steppe zone are characterized by the following ecological features: narrow-leaved xerophytic turf grasses (feather grass, fescue, bluegrass, fescue, etc.) are widely used, the root systems of which form branched bunches that go to a considerable depth; the presence of ephemera and ephemeroids (irises, grains, forget-me-nots, buttercups, tulips, crocuses, etc.); there are also succulents.[ ...]

To the south, the meadow steppes were characterized by forb-feather grass and fescue-feather grass associations. In their herbage, xerophytic plants took a relatively greater part, the main background of which in the forb-feather grass steppes was narrow-leaved feather grass, fescue, thin-legged, steppe oats, drooping sage, Volga adonis, bluebells, squat sedge, steppe plantain, euphorbia, mountain clover, etc. In the tip-chak-feather-grass steppes, low-stemmed feathery grass, tyrsa, fescue, wheatgrass, and sedges prevailed. Moisture deficiency contributed to the development of ephemers and ephemeroids in these steppes - mortuk, bulbous bluegrass, tulips, beetroot, sagebrush with a degree of projective cover of 40-60%.[ ...]

Metabolic processes in a plant cell are sensitive to changes in the pH of its environment. The optimal concentration of H+-ions is maintained by the endogenous regulation of the plant organism and has a species specificity associated with the genotype /2/. In table. Figure 2 shows the results of a study of aqueous homogenates obtained from plant leaves by centrifugation at a frequency of 15 thousand revolutions for 20 minutes. The analysis of the results showed that the pH value of the extracts ranged mainly from 3.93 in sandy astragalus in May to 8.68 in flax flatwort in April. Moreover, the pH values ​​of leaf extracts from ephemers in April at all plots are higher than in May. Depending on the distance of the source of emissions, this value varies for Astragalus fox in May from 4.20 on site No. 4 to 5.69 on site No. 6, for flat-fruited in April from 7.61 on site No. 5 to 8.68 on site No. 2 .[ ...]

In fact, annuals that form "seed banks" are not the only ones to which the term "annual" is, strictly speaking, inapplicable. In deserts, for example, many so-called "annual" plants grow, but their vegetation pattern is very far from seasonal. An impressive supply of seeds of such plants is stored in the soil, and their germination is an infrequent event, occurring only when conditions are favorable for it, and therefore difficult to predict in advance. Subsequent development is usually rapid, so that the time elapsed from germination to insemination is short. Such plants are best referred to as ephemera with a single reproduction (Fig. 4.5, B).

Introduction

Currently, the issue of biodiversity conservation in our country and in the world as a whole is becoming more and more acute. Anthropogenic impact, natural disasters lead to large environmental losses. And first of all, this affects the change in the species composition of plant communities, the disappearance of rare plants. This course work will focus on the biological features and significance of ephemera and ephemeroids, as well as those ephemeroids that have been subjected to anthropogenic impact and are now under protection. Ephemera and ephemeroids are plants whose growing season is 1.5-2 months.

So far, a small number of works have been devoted to the study of the ephemera of Belarus, which in turn allows us to conclude that they have not been fully considered. One of the main reasons for choosing this topic is that most of the ephemera and some of the ephemeroids are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus and are protected. To preserve these species, it is necessary to study their biological characteristics, as well as the factors leading to their extinction.

The relevance of the topic of this course work lies also in the fact that the information presented in it and the results obtained in the future can be used in further study of the flora of a particular region of our country or the flora of Belarus as a whole, as well as to develop measures aimed at protecting specific populations of endangered species. plant species.

Ephemera and ephemeroids, being early spring flowers, play an important role in the formation of plant communities. Depositing ash elements in the form of organic substances in their wintering shoots, they contribute to increasing soil fertility.

The study of the characteristics of the life of ephemers and ephemeroids will allow us to develop a system of measures to protect them in their natural habitat, and knowing the biological significance of ephemers, it will be possible to more effectively use their beneficial properties for humans.

In this way, object of our study are the ephemera and ephemeroids of the landscape reserve "Mozyr ravines".

Subject research - species diversity of ephemera and ephemeroids.

The purpose of the work: to study the biological characteristics of ephemera and ephemeroids of the landscape reserve "Mozyr ravines"; obtaining information about the habitats of these species in the territory of the reserve.

Research objectives:

1. To study the species composition of ephemera and ephemeroids in the landscape reserve "Mozyr ravines".

2. To study the features of the development cycle of ephemeroids using the example of Corydalis Haller.

3. To identify rare and endangered species of ephemera and ephemeroids in the landscape reserve "Mozyr ravines".

Literature review

General characteristics of ephemers and ephemeroids

Currently, a group of early flowering plants - ephemers and ephemeroids - is of great interest for study.

Ephemers are annual herbaceous plants, the development cycle of which ends in a short time (from 2-6 weeks to 2 months) before the onset of a drier period. They grow, as a rule, in deserts and steppes. Basically, ephemera develop in the autumn-winter-spring period, more often in spring or autumn. These plants die completely in dry weather in summer. The development of winter ephemera begins in autumn. The duration of germination, the lifespan of plants, their size is determined by meteorological conditions. So, due to heavy rainfall, ephemera can reach a height of 25--30 cm, and some cruciferous - 50 cm. A characteristic feature of ephemers is their unique adaptability to fluctuations in environmental conditions.

According to some classifications, ephemera and ephemeroids are classified as mesophytes, according to others, as a group of xerophytes. But more often botanists consider them as a separate group of plants.

Typical representatives are spring speedwell (Veronika verna), spring stonefly (Erophila verna).

It should be noted that among the ephemera there are also weeds. During one growing season, they are able to give several generations and heavily clog fields and crops.

A typical representative of this group is the medium chickweed (Snellaria media), which has a very weak branched stem lying on the ground or slightly rising. Chickweed is a malicious weed that clogs all fields, but it causes particular harm to tilled and vegetable crops. The growing season of this plant is about 40 days. Chickweed average gives 15-25 thousand seeds, in which the durability of preservation in the soil reaches 5-8 years. Seeds germinate well from a depth of up to 3 cm. When the soil is loosened and precipitation occurs, seedlings of chickweed appear throughout the summer.

Some ephemera are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus, the collection of which is prohibited and punishable by penalties.

Ephemeroids are perennial herbaceous plants, which are characterized by autumn-winter-spring vegetation. Above-ground shoots die off during the summer period, and the underground part remains in the form of bulbs, tubers, and rhizomes. These include spring chistyak (Ficaria verna), goose onion (Gagea lutea), forest lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis), Galler's Corydalis (Corydalis Halleri), and spring boletus (Orobus vernus).

And each plant species has adapted to life in the desert in its own way. Ephemera- annual plants with a very short life cycle. Their life lasts only about a month in May.

Such plants are ephemera, like poppies, cereals awaken in early spring and one month before the onset of heat they have time to bloom and give seeds. In the spring, while the topsoil is well supplied with water, ephemera actively absorb it from the soil, but also evaporate a lot.

The leaves of some ephemera almost lie on the ground, covering it with themselves and preventing the sun from drying it up quickly. In such an unusual way, ephemeral plants have adapted to life in the desert. By the end of the life cycle, ephemeral plants die off completely, even the root. In one month of vegetation, they manage to leave behind only seeds for the resumption of life in the next growing season.

But ephemeral plants can be found not only in the desert. Ephemers grow in conditions where growing conditions from spring to summer change dramatically for the worse, associated with the provision of plants not only with water, but also with light. Therefore, even in the broad-leaved forests of central Russia, for example, in oak forests, where there is not enough light in summer, ephemers are also found.

In early spring, when the bulk of the leaves on the trees have not yet blossomed, the ephemera quickly grow back and have time to give seeds. As the leaves bloom on the trees, the ephemers die off gradually or quickly. Ephemera that can be found on the territory of Russia: oak groats, desert beetroot, spring stonefly, northern breakwater, African malcolmia, sickle-shaped hornhead.

In addition to ephemera, annual plants, there are plants similar to them in nature, ephemeroids - perennial plants in which only the aerial part dies with the onset of adverse conditions. Usually in nature they grow side by side, and having learned the differences between annual and perennial plants, you can easily determine which plant it is: ephemeral or ephemeroid.

Ephemeroids

Ephemeroids- perennial herbaceous plants with a very short growing season, which occurs in the most favorable period. After that, the life cycle of ephemeroid plants begins to stop, the above-ground part of the plants begins to gradually die off. Due to the nutrients accumulated in the underground part of the ephemeroids, their life resumes when favorable conditions occur.

Ephemeroids include tuberous, rhizome and bulbous. Representatives of ephemeroids - well-known, backache (sleep-grass), blueberries, scylla, tulips, hyacinths, spring-flowering crocuses, anemones, daffodils, muscari, chionodoxes, ranunculus, corydalis, hazel grouse, eremurus, as well as indoor plants such as amaryllis, clivia .

In early spring ephemeroids, sprouts and buds of renewal buds are formed even under the snow. During flowering ephemeroids form a bright and colorful carpet of flowers, well visible to pollinating insects. After the fruits have ripened and the seeds have fallen off, in early June with a change in conditions (little water or light), the aerial organs of the ephemeroids die off. The underground organs, with renewal buds and a supply of starch, are in a state of deep dormancy for about ten months until next spring.

Representatives of autumn ephemeroids are autumn-flowering crocuses and colchicum, or kolchikum. They bloom in late autumn, when the leaves from the trees have already flown around and do not block the light. For an active life, ephemeroids need only a short daylight time in the forest.

All ephemeroids are conditionally divided into groups:

The first group includes ephemeroids, in which the buds of growth and renewal are above the soil level;

The second group includes ephemeroids, in which the buds of growth and renewal are at the level of the soil and are covered with snow in winter;

The third group includes ephemeroids, in which the buds of growth and renewal are located very deep in the soil. Even with insufficient snow cover and with partial freezing of the root part, ephemeroids from this group are quickly restored. Almost all spring bulbous plants belong to this group of ephemeroids.

Ephemera Ephemera

(ephemerae), annual herbaceous plants that complete their full cycle of development in a very short and usually wet period (from 2-6 weeks to 5-6 months). Develop preim. early spring (February - May), using the time before the onset of drought. T. n. winter E. begin development in the fall. They are mesophytes, but have heat-resistant seeds. Depending on meteorological conditions, germination time, life span and size of plants vary greatly; often E. are very low (1-3 cm). Characteristic for deserts, pool deserts (50-60% of species, in North Africa - up to 90%), partly for steppes. They belong to the family. cruciferous (desert beetroot - Alyssum desertorum, flat-leaved flax - Meniocus linif alius), buttercups (sickle-shaped hornhead - Ceratocephalus falcatus), cereals, legumes and many others. others (see TEROPHYTES).

.(Source: "Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary." Chief editor M. S. Gilyarov; Editorial staff: A. A. Babaev, G. G. Vinberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others - 2nd ed., corrected . - M .: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1986.)

ephemera

Annual herbaceous plants with a very short (from 2-6 weeks to 5-6 months) growing season. They grow in arid areas, and can only be observed in wet spring or autumn. In the summer, during a drought, they die off. Usually these are small plants, with low, weakly dissected stems, small leaves and an underdeveloped root system. They are typical of the southern steppes, semi-deserts and deserts. An example is spring grains, small beetroot, etc.

.(Source: "Biology. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia." Editor-in-Chief A.P. Gorkin; Moscow: Rosmen, 2006.)

See what "EPHEMERS" is in other dictionaries:

Ephemera- (from the Greek ephemeros one-day, transient), annual plants with a very short (2-6 months) life cycle, ending with the formation of seeds 3-4 weeks after the start of the growing season. Ephemerals include, for example, some plants, ... ... Ecological dictionary

Annual herbaceous plants, the entire development of which usually occurs in a very short period of time (several weeks), more often in early spring. Characteristic for steppes, semi-deserts and deserts (for example, dimorphic quinoa) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Annual herbaceous plants, the entire development of which usually occurs in a very short period of time (several weeks), more often in early spring. Characteristic for steppes, semi-deserts and deserts (for example, dimorphic quinoa). * * * EPHEMERAS EPHEMERAS, annuals… … encyclopedic Dictionary

- (gr. ephemeras one-day, transient) annual plants with a very short vegetation period (eg grits, field violets); especially common in deserts and semi-deserts cf. ephemeroids). New dictionary of foreign words. by EdwART… Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Not to be confused with the Ephemeroids group of perennials ... Wikipedia

A group of annual herbaceous plants that complete their full cycle of development in a very short period. These are plants of autumn-winter-spring vegetation, lasting from 1.5 2 months (spinal flower, dimorphic quinoa, etc.) to 6 8 ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Annual herbaceous growths, the entire development of which usually takes place in a very short period of time (several weeks), more often in early spring. Characteristic for steppes, semi-deserts and deserts (for example, dimorphic quinoa) ... Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

ephemera- annual plants with a very short, usually spring, life cycle, e.g. rezukhovidka (Arabidopsis) ... Plant anatomy and morphology

EPHEMERAS- (from the Greek ephemeras one-day, short-lived), annual plants with a very short development cycle (several weeks). They are confined to deserts, semi-deserts and dry steppes, where they vegetate during wet periods, which are also characterized by weak ... ... Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary

EPHEMERAS- annual plants with a short, usually spring period of development ... Glossary of botanical terms

Books

• Dead Father, Donald Barthelme. Donald Barthelme is an American writer, one of the pillars of literary postmodernism of the 20th century, a master of short prose. Author of 4 novels, about 20 collections of short stories, essays, parodies, ephemera and…