How to determine the type of a complex sentence in Russian. What are complex sentences with different types of connection. Punctuation in complex sentences

Offers are divided into simple And complex. Both simple and complex sentences can be widespread And uncommon, i.e. contain or not contain, in addition to the main secondary members (definitions, additions, circumstances, etc.): He came very fast. And He came.

Simple sentence

A simple sentence is a syntactic unit formed by one syntactic connection between the subject and the predicate or one main member.

A two-part sentence is a simple sentence with subject and predicate as necessary components: They laughed. He was smart. Cloud - black, heavy outlines.

A one-part sentence is a simple sentence that has only one main member (with or without dependent words). One-part proposals are:

• Indefinite-personal: Me called to the director.
• generalized-personal: Easily you won't pull out and fish from the pond.
• Impersonal: On the street it got dark.
• Definitely personal: Sitting And I draw.
• infinitive: be silent ! you already drive.
• denominative: Night. The outside. Flashlight. Pharmacy.
• incomplete sentence- this is a sentence in which one or more members (main or secondary) are missing, which are indicated by the context or situation: The truth remains the truth, and rumor - rumor. We talked as if they had known each other for centuries. You probably know about our work? And about me? I will wear this is blue.
  

Difficult sentence

A complex sentence consists of two or more simple sentences related in meaning and / or with the help of conjunctions. Complex sentences are divided into:

• Compound sentences consist of parts (simple sentences), grammatically independent, related in meaning and with the help of coordinating conjunctions and, but, yes, or, or, however, but, as well as complex coordinating conjunctions neither ... nor ..., then ... then ..., either ..., or ..., not that ..., not that ... and etc.: The rain is over , And the sun came up. That phone will ring , then will ring the doorbell.
• Complex sentences consist of parts (simple sentences), one of which is not independent in grammatical and semantic terms; parts are connected using subordinating conjunctions and allied words: what, to, where, when, where, why, if (if), how, while, though, therefore, which, which, whose etc., as well as complex subordinating unions: due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, instead of, despite the fact that, before, since etc. The subordinating union and the allied word are always in the subordinate clause: I know , what they are friends. He does not want , to they were waiting for him. Sergey did not answer , because did not hear the question.
• Unionless proposals. Parts of a non-union sentence (simple sentences) are almost always grammatically independent, but sometimes unequal in meaning; conjunctions and allied words are missing: The sun was shining, the birches were green, the birds were whistling. I hear a knock on the door. The cheese fell out - there was such a cheat with it.

The sentence is one of the basic concepts of the Russian language; syntax is involved in its study. It is no secret that people communicate with each other with these units. Logically complete sentences are the basis of oral and written speech. There are a lot of varieties of this syntactic unit; detailed constructions give special dynamism and at the same time richness to the narrative. An assignment consisting of several parts is not uncommon in oral and written exams. The main thing in this matter is to know the types of complex sentences and punctuation marks in them.

Compound sentence: definition and types

The sentence - as the main structural unit of human speech - has a number of specific features by which it can be distinguished from a phrase or just a set of words. Every sentence contains a statement. It can be a factual statement, a question, or a call to action. The sentence must have a grammatical basis. These lexical units are always intonation complete.

Sentences are divided into two large groups: simple and complex. is built according to the number of predicative bases. For example:

1. It snowed in the morning. The sentence is simple with one grammatical basis: snow (subject) fell (predicate).
2. In the morning snow fell, and the whole earth seemed to be covered with a fluffy blanket. In this example, we observe a complex sentence. The first grammatical basis is snow (subject), fell out (predicate); the second is the earth (subject), covered (predicate).

The types of a complex sentence are distinguished depending on how the constituents are combined. They can be compound, compound or non-union. Let's analyze these types of complex sentences with examples.

Compound sentence

Used to connect parts of a compound sentence. It is worth noting that the parts in such a sentence are equal: no question is asked from one to the other.

Examples

The clock struck three in the morning, but the household did not sleep. This is a compound sentence, its parts are connected by a coordinating union "but" and with the help of intonation. Grammatical bases: the clock (subject) struck (predicate); the second - the household (subject) did not sleep (predicate).

The night was falling and the stars were getting brighter. There are two grammatical bases here: the night (subject) was approaching (predicate); the second - the stars (subject), became brighter (predicate). Simple sentences are connected with the help of a coordinating union and, as well as intonation.

Conjunctions in a compound sentence

Since coordinating unions are used to connect sentences within a compound, these syntactic units will be divided into:

1. Offers with connecting unions (and, yes, yes and, a (and), too, also). As a rule, these unions are used to denote events in time (simultaneity or sequence). Often they have circumstances indicating the time. For example:

The cloud grew as large as the sky, and a few minutes later it began to pour. The connecting union is also strengthened by the circumstance of time (in a few minutes).

2. Offers with (a, but, yes, but, etc.). In them, two events are opposed to one another. For example:

This year we were not at sea, but the parents were pleased with the help in the garden.

In addition, in such sentences, the particle can take over the function of the adversative union.

For example: We managed to jump into the last carriage, while Andrei remained on the platform.

3. Proposals with divisive unions (or, or, so-and-so, etc.) Show that one of the listed events or phenomena is possible. For example:

Either the magpie chirps, or the grasshoppers click.

Punctuation marks in compound sentences

The punctuation rule in a compound sentence is as follows: a comma is placed between simple sentences. For example:

The leaves on the trees barely hold on, and gusts of wind carry them away, laying them in a carpet. The grammatical foundations of a complex sentence are as follows: the leaves (subject) are held (predicate); impulses (subject) carry away (predicate).

This rule has one nuance: when both parts refer to a common member (addition or circumstance) - a comma is not needed. For example:

In the summer, people need movement and do not need the blues. The circumstance at the time refers both to the first part with the grammatical basis need (predicate) movement (subject), and to the second, the basis of which is the blues (subject) is not needed (predicate).

The ground was covered with a snow-white blanket of snow and dried frost. Here, both parts have a common addition - the earth. The grammatical bases are as follows: the first - snow (subject) enveloped (predicate); the second - frost (subject) dried (predicate).

It is also difficult to distinguish compound sentences from simple ones with homogeneous predicates. To determine which sentences are complex, it is enough to highlight the predicative stem (or stems). Let's look at two examples:

1. It was a sunny winter day, and in places red rowan berries could be seen in the forest. This sentence is complex. Let's prove it: two grammatical bases are traced: the day (subject) stood (predicate), the second - berries (subject) were seen (predicate).
2. The red rowan berries were visible in the forest and shone in bright clusters in the sun. This sentence is simple, it is only complicated by homogeneous predicates. Let's take a look at the grammar. The subject - berries, homogeneous predicates - could be seen, shone; comma is not required.

Complex sentence: definition and structure

Another complex sentence with an allied connection is a complex one. Such sentences consist of unequal parts: the main simple sentence and one or more subordinate clauses attached to it. The latter answer questions from the main and secondary members of the main sentence, they include a subordinating conjunction. The parts are connected to each other with the help of subordinating unions. Structurally subordinate clauses are possible at the beginning, middle or end of the main clause. Let's look at examples:

We'll go for a walk when the torrential rain stops. This proposal is complex. The main part has a grammatical basis: we (subject) will go for a walk (predicate); the grammatical basis of the subordinate clause is the rain (subject) will stop coming. Here the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.

To be able to express yourself eloquently, you need to read a lot of literature. This complex sentence has a main part and a subordinate part. The basis of the main one is to read (predicate); the basis of the subordinate clause - you (subject) could speak (predicate). In this complex sentence, the subordinate clause comes before the main clause.

We were surprised when the results of the exam were announced to us, and anxious about the upcoming tests. In this example, the subordinate clause "breaks" the main clause. Grammatical bases: we (subject) were surprised, alarmed (predicate) - in the main part; announced (predicate) - in the subordinate part.

Subordinating conjunctions and allied words: how to distinguish?

Unions are not always used to connect simple sentences as part of a complex one, sometimes their role is played by the so-called allied words - pronouns homonymous to them. The main difference is that conjunctions are used solely to connect parts of a sentence to each other, they are not members of a sentence.

Another thing is allied words.

Their role is played by relative pronouns, respectively, such lexical units will be members of the sentence.

Here are the signs by which subordinating conjunctions can be distinguished from allied words:

1. Most often, the union in the sentence can be omitted without losing the meaning. Mom said it's time to go to bed. Let's change the sentence by omitting the union: Mom said: "It's time to go to bed."
2. Union can always be replaced by another union. For example: When (If) you read a lot, your memory gets better. is replaced only by another allied word, or by a word from the main sentence, from which we ask a question to the subordinate clause. Let us remember the years that (that) we spent in Naples. union word which can be replaced by an addition years from the main sentence Remember the years: those years we spent in Naples).

Subordinate clause

Relative clauses can be attached to the main clause in different ways, depending on which part of the main clause they explain. They can refer to one word, to a phrase, or to the entire main sentence.

To understand what type of attachment is in a particular case, it is necessary to ask a question and analyze from which part of the main sentence it is put.

There are several types of subordinate clauses: their distinction depends on the meaning and the question that we ask from the main part to the secondary. Subject, predicate, attributive, additional or adverbial - there are such subordinate clauses.

In addition, a lexically subordinate clause can have several meanings (be polysemantic). For example: It's wonderful when you can just walk down the street without thinking about anything. The meaning of the subordinate clause is both the condition and the time.

Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

The following types of complex sentences with a subordinating relationship and several subordinate clauses are distinguished: with homogeneous, heterogeneous and sequential subordination. The distinction depends on how the question is asked.

• With homogeneous subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to the same word from the main one. For example: I want to tell you that good conquers evil, that there are princes and princesses, that magic surrounds us everywhere. All three subordinate clauses explain one word from the main one - to tell.
• Heterogeneous (parallel) subordination takes place if the subordinate clauses answer different questions. For example: When we go camping, friends will help each other, although it will not be easy for them themselves. Here two subordinate clauses answer questions when?(first), and no matter what?(second).
• Consistent submission. The question in such sentences is asked in a chain, from one sentence to another. For example: Only he will see the beauty of the soul who does not look at appearance, knows that the price of words and deeds is very high. Subordinate clauses are attached to the main sentence: we ask a question to the first who?, to the second - what?

Punctuation in a complex sentence

The parts of a complex sentence are separated from each other by a comma. It is placed before the union. Polynomial complex sentences with a subordinate relationship may not have a comma. This happens if homogeneous subordinate clauses are used, connected by non-repeating unions and, or. For example:

I said that today is a beautiful day and that the sun has long since risen. Here are homogeneous subordinate clauses with the basics day (subject) beautiful (predicate), the sun (subject) has risen (predicate). No comma is required between them.

Unionless proposal

In the Russian language, there are such sentences where the connection between the parts occurs only with the help of intonation and semantic connections. Such proposals are called non-union. It rained and the last leaves fell from the trees. This complex non-union sentence has two parts with grammatical foundations: the first has rain (subject) passed (predicate); the second one has fallen (predicate) leaves (subject).

In addition to intonation and meaning, the connection between the parts is carried out by their order and species-temporal characteristics of verbs-predicates and their mood. Here two subordinate clauses answer questions when?(first), and no matter what?(second).

Types of unionless proposals

Union-free proposals are of two types: homogeneous and heterogeneous composition.

The first ones are those where the predicates, as a rule, have the same form; their meaning is a comparison, opposition or sequence of actions. In structure, they resemble compound ones, it’s just that the union is omitted from homogeneous homogeneous ones. For example:

Autumn began, the sky was covered with lead clouds. Compare: Autumn began, and the sky was covered with lead clouds.

Unionless with a heterogeneous composition gravitate more towards complex subordinates. As a rule, such polynomial complex sentences have one part, which contains the main meaning of the statement. For example:

I love winter: nature dresses beautifully, magical holidays are coming, it's time to get skis and skates. In the presence of an union-free connection and equality of parts, the main meaning is still contained in the first, and the subsequent ones reveal it.

Punctuation in a non-union sentence

The non-union connection suggests that the signs in a complex sentence of this kind will be variable. The placement of a comma, colon, semicolon, or dash will depend on the meaning. For clarity, here is a table:

punctuation mark	Check method	Examples
	Denotes actions that occur simultaneously or sequentially	Within the meaning of	Grandmother sets the table, mother prepares dinner, and father and children tidy up the apartment.
	opposition	Opposite conjunctions (a, but)	I endure - she is indignant.
	The first sentence indicates a condition or a time period	Unions when or if
	The second sentence contains a consequence of the first	Union so	They opened the doors - fresh air filled the whole room.
Colon	The second sentence contains the reason	Union because	I love white nights: you can walk until you drop.
	The second sentence is an explanation of the first	Union namely	Everyone was ready for the parent's day: the children learned poems, the counselors made reports, the staff did a general cleaning.
	The second sentence is an addition to the first	Union what	I am sure you will never betray me.

When one of the parts is complicated by any constructions, we use a semicolon. For example:

Singing a song, Marat walked through the puddles; children were running nearby, joyful and cheerful. Here the first part is complicated and the second part is a separate definition.

It is easy to make a sentence with an allied connection: the main thing is to focus on the meaning.

Complex sentences with different types of communication and punctuation in them

Often, the types of a complex sentence are concentrated in one syntactic construction, that is, there is both an allied and an allied connection between different parts. These are complex sentences with different types of connection.

Let's look at examples.

Although he was still dozing, there was a flurry of activity around the household: they darted from room to room, talking, cursing. The first part is a subordinating connection, the second is a coordinating one, the third is an allied one.

I know a simple truth: you will stop quarreling when everyone learns to listen and understand. The connection of the first and second parts is unionless, then - subordinating.

As a rule, such sentences are two blocks that are connected by coordinating conjunctions or completely unionless. Each block may contain several simple sentences with a subordinating or coordinating connection.

The syntax of the Russian language includes simple and complex sentences. In simple ones, there is only one grammatical stem (subject and predicate), and in complex ones, two or more stems. To have a complete understanding of what a complex sentence is, you need to distinguish between several types of these sentences. Depending on how simple sentences are connected as part of a complex one, the following types of connection in a complex sentence are distinguished:

1. Unionless
2. Compound
3. Complex

Unionless proposals

In non-union complex sentences, simple sentences are interconnected, as it already becomes clear from the name of the species, without the help of conjunctions and allied words, but only with intonation: "The reeds rustled, the trees bent. The darkness was impenetrable: the moon did not appear in the sky that night ".

Compound sentences

Compound sentences in Russian are those in which the connection occurs due to coordinating unions: and, but, yes, either, or, or, that is, namely. Compound sentences are divided into:

• Connecting. They are characterized by the simultaneity or sequence of actions or events, causal relationships can also be expressed in sentences with conjunctions and, yes, neither: "The sun came out, and the mood immediately became better."
• Opposite. They use conjunctions: but, but, yes, but, however, the same, which give the meaning of opposition and comparison: "I was waiting for you, but you did not come."
• Dividing. Unions either, or, then ... then, etc. indicate the incompatibility of the events described, their alternation: "The sun is shining, then it is raining."

Complex sentences

Simple sentences as part of a complex subordinate are connected with the help of unions and allied words: when, where, what, so, how, etc. Such sentences are also divided into types depending on the meaning of the subordinate parts. So, the subordinate parts of complex sentences can be:

1. Explanatory. Subordinate clauses answer all case questions. Unions and allied words are used here: who, what, when, where, why, when, why, etc.: "He did not know when she would come."
2. Determinative. They answer the question: what ?, unions and allied words: how, what, so that, if, where, what, whose: "She was so beautiful that he had never seen before."
3. Accessory places. Questions: where? where? from where ?, allied words: where, where, from where: "We will go with you where you have not gone yet."
4. Adventitious time. Questions: when? how long? since when? etc., unions and allied words: while, as long as, as long as, while, etc. Allied word: when: "She will come when she wants."
5. Additional goals. Question: for what purpose? why? Conjunctions: so that, so that, etc.: "We sewed to find out the truth."
6. Additional conditions. Question: under what condition? Unions: if only, if only: "We'll go for mushrooms if it doesn't rain tomorrow."
7. Additional reasons. Questions: why? from what? for what reason? Conjunctions: because, because, because, in connection with, due to the fact that, what, etc.: He was sad because he failed the exam.
8. Adventitious concessions. Questions: no matter what? contrary to what? Unions and allied words: although, despite the fact that, let it be, no matter how much, etc.: "We ran along the street, despite the fact that it was raining."
9. Comparative. Question: how? Conjunctions: like, as if, as if, etc.: "The flower was so beautiful, as if the sun itself had drunk it with colors."

All these listed types of complex sentences are complex only at first glance. As soon as you start to parse complex sentences on your own, everything will immediately become clear to you and, perhaps, even interesting.

Lesson 12

A complex sentence is a sentence that consists of two or more parts connected into one whole in meaning and intonation.

The structure of the parts are simple sentences. Combining as part of a complex sentence, simple sentences basically retain their structure, but cease to be characterized by semantic completeness and lose the intonation of the end of the sentence.

Compound sentences are divided into allied (unions or allied words act as a means of connecting parts) and non-union (parts are connected intonation and meaning). Allied sentences are divided into compound (parts are connected with the help of coordinating unions) and complex (subordinating unions and allied words become a means of connecting parts).
Compound sentence

In a compound sentence (CSP), the parts are connected by coordinating conjunctions, equal, independent of each other.

The main types of compound sentences

1. BSC with connecting unions (and, yes /=and/, neither - nor, how - and, not only - but also, also, also, yes and); unions and, yes, can be either single or repeated:

The transparent forest alone turns black, and the spruce turns green through the hoarfrost, and the river shines under the ice (A.S. Pushkin) - the described phenomena occur simultaneously, which is emphasized by the use of repeating unions in each part.

I called out and an echo answered me - the second phenomenon follows the first.

I was unwell, and therefore I did not wait for dinner - the second phenomenon is a consequence of the first, caused by it, as indicated by the concretizer - the adverb because.

I can’t see the light of the sun, nor is there room for my roots (I. A. Krylov).

The narrator froze in mid-sentence, I also heard a strange sound - unions, too, and also have the peculiarity that they are not at the beginning of the part.

2. BSC with opposing conjunctions (but, yes / = but /, however, but, but, but):

The sentences of this group always consist of two parts and, having a common adversative meaning, can express the following meanings:

She was about thirty, but she seemed to be a very young girl - the second phenomenon is opposed to the first.

Some helped in the kitchen, while others set the tables - the second phenomenon is not opposed to the first, but compared with it (replacing the union a with but is impossible).

The union, like unions, too and also, always stands not at the beginning of the second part of the sentence, but directly behind the word that is opposed to the word of the first part:

All the trees have put out sticky leaves, but the oak is still without leaves.

3. SSP with divisive unions (or / il /, or, not that - not that, either - either, that - that):

Either the gate creaks, or the floorboards crackle - the union either - or indicates the mutual exclusion of phenomena.

It rained heavily, then large flakes of snow fell - the union now and then indicates the alternation of phenomena.

Separating unions or and or can be single and repeated.

With a more detailed description of the types of BSC, three more types of BSC are distinguished: BSC with connecting, explanatory and gradational unions.

Connections are unions and, too, also, placed in our classification in the group of connecting unions.

Explanatory unions are, that is, namely:

He was expelled from the gymnasium, that is, the most unpleasant thing happened to him.

Gradational unions - not only ... but also, not that ... but:

It wasn't that he didn't trust his partner, but he did have some doubts about him.
Complex sentence

A complex sentence (CSS) consists of unequal parts, where one part depends on the other. The independent part is called the main part, and the dependent part is called the subordinate part.

Parts of the NGN are connected using subordinating conjunctions and allied words that are in the subordinate part.

The following groups of subordinating conjunctions are presented in Russian:

1) temporary: when, while, only, only;

2) causal: since, because, for;

3) conditional: if, if;

4) target: to;

5) concessive: although;

6) consequences: so;

7) comparative: as, as if, as if, than;

8) explanatory: what, how, whether, so that.

In Russian there are a large number of derivative unions made up of

- simple conjunctions and demonstrative words: after, despite the fact that, in order to, thanks to the fact that;

- two simple unions: as if, as soon as;

- simple conjunctions in combination with the words time, reason, purpose, condition, etc.: while, in order to, due to the fact that, since, as a result of which, etc.

Allied words are 1) relative pronouns (who, what, which, which, whose, how much, etc.), which can stand in different forms, 2) pronominal adverbs (where, where, where, when, why, how, etc. ). Unlike unions, allied words not only serve as a means of connecting parts of the NGN, but are also members of the sentence in the subordinate part.

Some allied words (what, how, when, than - the form of the pronoun that) are homonymous with unions. To distinguish between them, it is necessary to try to replace the allied word (which is a pronominal) with a significant one (if such a replacement is impossible, this is a union), and also put a phrasal stress on it. For example:

I know that he will come - union;

I know what (= what thing) he will bring - an allied word, an addition.

The criterion of distinction can often be the type of the subordinate clause, since some of them are joined only by conjunctions or only allied words.

The definition of the type of a complex sentence occurs both on a formal basis and on a semantic one: the means of communication and the semantic relations of the main and subordinate parts are taken into account.

In most cases, a question can be asked from the main part to the subordinate, which helps to reveal the semantic relationships between the parts. A special group of proposals is made up of NGN with subordinate clauses, in which the question of the clause is not raised.

The subordinate clause can refer to a specific word in the main clause or to the entire main clause as a whole.

The subordinate clause can be placed behind the main clause, before the main clause or inside the main clause, and some types of clauses can only be placed after the main or certain words in the main clause, while the location of other types of clauses is free.

In the main part, there may be demonstrative words that show that there is a subordinate clause with the main part. These are demonstrative pronouns and pronominal adverbs that, that, such, there, there, then, so many others that are paired with certain conjunctions and allied words: that - that, there - where, so much - how much, etc. When certain types of subordinate clauses, the presence of a demonstrative word is mandatory, in this case the subordinate clause refers specifically to it.
Associative compound sentence

The non-union complex sentence (BSP) is opposed to allied proposals due to the lack of allied funds. The parts of the BSP are connected in meaning and intonation.

The following types of non-union sentences are presented in Russian:

1. Semantic equality is observed between the parts, the parts are connected by enumerative intonation, the order of the parts is free:

Cannonballs roll, bullets whistle, cold bayonets hang (A. S. Pushkin).

To my right was a ravine, curving like a snake; on the left, a narrow but deep river meandered.

2. Parts of the BSP are unequal: the second part explains the first (or individual words in it) in some respect, the parts are connected by explanatory intonation, the order of the parts is fixed:

A) the second part reveals the content of the first (= namely):

Everything was unusual and scary: some rustlings were heard in the room.

B) the second part complements the meaning of the first (= what):

I looked out the window (and saw): dawn was breaking over the forest.

C) the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first (= because):

I was surprised: there was a note stuck in the door.

As a rule, in sentences of this type, the first part contains the main part of the statement, and the second part explains and supplements the content of the first (it is the functional equivalent of a subordinate clause).

3. The parts of the BSP are unequal and connected by a special contrasting intonation (the first part of the sentence is characterized by a high tone, the second - by a sharp decrease in tone), the order of the parts is fixed:

A) the first part contains an indication of the condition or time of the action:

I come to the well - there is no one else (M. Yu. Lermontov).

In this case, the first part of the BSP is the functional equivalent of the subordinate condition or time, and the second part is the analogue of the main part.

B) the second part contains an indication of an unexpected result of an action or a quick change of events:

Before I could blink, the ball was already in the goal.

C) the second part contains a comparison with what is said in the first part:

He says a word - the nightingale sings.

D) the second part contains a contrast:

Try on seven times - cut once.

Task B6 tests your ability to analyze and parse a complex sentence. Depending on the option, you will need to find:

1) compound sentence;

2) complex sentence;

3) a complex sentence with a certain type of subordinate clause;

4) a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, indicating the type of attachment of the subordinate clauses to the main one;

5) a complex non-union proposal;

6) a complex sentence with different types of connection.

Website hint.

To remember the different types of communication, reread task A9.

The following diagram will also help you:

Complex sentence.

Complex sentence- this is a proposal, which includes two or more bases, where one base is subordinate to the other.

Since the structure of the sentence, the question from the main stem to the dependent (subordinate) can be different, there are several types of complex subordinate:

Type of subordinate clause	Features of the adnexal	What question does it answer	Means of communication
			unions	allied words
definitive	contains a characteristic of an object, reveals its sign (refers to a noun in the main part)	which? which one?	to, like, like, like	which, what, what, whose, when, where, where, etc.
pronoun-defining	refers to a pronoun in the main part of NGN ( that, that, those, each, any, any, all, all, all) and specifies the meaning of the pronoun	Who exactly? what exactly?	like, like, like, what, to	who, what, which, which, whose, which, etc.
explanatory	the subordinate part is required by words with the meaning of thoughts, feelings, speech (verb, adjective, noun)	questions of indirect cases (what? about what? what?)	what, like, as if, as if, as if, as if, so that, bye	who, what, which, what, whose, where, where, from where, how much, how much, why
mode of action and degree	1) reveals the method or quality of the action, as well as the measure or degree of manifestation of the feature in the main part of the sentence; 2) have indicative words in the main part ( so, so much, thus, so much, so much, to such an extent ...).	as? how? to what extent or degree?	what, to, like, exactly
places	1) contains an indication of the place or space where what is said in the main part takes place; 2) can spread the main part or reveal the content of adverbs there, there, from there, everywhere, everywhere and etc.	where?		where, where, from where
time	1) indicates the time of the action or manifestation of the sign referred to in the main part; 2) can extend the main part or specify the circumstance of time in the main part	when? how long? since when? How long?	when, until, how, while, after, since, barely, only
terms	1) contains an indication of the condition on which the implementation of what is said in the main part depends; 2) the condition can be underlined in the main part by the combination in that case	under what condition?	if, how, how soon, once, when, whether ... whether
causes	contains an indication of the reason or justification for what is said in the main part	why? for what reason?	because, because, since, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, since, etc.
goals	contains an indication of the purpose or purpose of what is said in the main part of the sentence	why? for what purpose? for what?	so that, so that, so that, so that, so that, so that, only, so that
concessions	contains an indication of the condition, contrary to which what is said in the main part is done	in spite of what? contrary to what?	although, despite the fact that, despite the fact that, let, let, for nothing that
comparative	compares objects or phenomena in the main part and the subordinate	as? (what does it look like?)	as, just as, as, as if, as if, exactly, as if
consequences	indicates a consequence arising from the content of the main part of the sentence	what follows from this? what was the consequence?	so

Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

Compound sentence with different types of connection (examples)

(1) Gorgeous morning: cool in the air; the sun is not high yet.

(2) And the steering wheel fidgets, and the skin creaks, and the canvases are taken into the reefs.

(3) I want you to hear how my living voice yearns.

(4) For everyone there is glory, work - and it is yours.

(5) Grief will be forgotten, a miracle will happen, that which is only a dream will come true.

(6) I looked at the hut, and my heart sank - it always happens when you see something that you have been thinking about for many years.

(7) And yet he was sad, and he somehow especially dryly told the chief of staff that his adjutant had been killed and a new one had to be found.

Action algorithm.

1. Highlight the basics.

2. Eliminate all simple sentences.

3. See what the basics are connected with: union, allied word, intonation.

4. Define the boundaries of the bases.

5. Determine the type of connection.

Parsing the task.

Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with an explanatory clause. Write down his number.

(1) As a child, I hated matinees, because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, chirped on his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher strictly told him: “Valery Petrovich, higher!” (Z) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and although he never drank, for some reason his nose always had a beet red color, like that of a clown. (5) Children, when they wanted to say about someone that he was funny and ugly, said this: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”

We highlight the basics:

(1) As a child, I hated matinees, because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, peeped on his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher strictly told him: "Valery Petrovich, taller!" (Z) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and although he never drank, for some reason his nose always had a beet-red color, like a clown's. (5) Childrenwhen they wanted to say about someone that he was funny and ugly, they said this: "He looks like Ksyushka's dad!"

Proposition #3 is simple. We exclude it.

We define the boundaries of sentences and see how the basics are connected:

(1) [As a child, I hated matinees], ( because what father came to our kindergarten). (2) [He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, chirped on his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody], but[our teacher sternly told him]: “Valery Petrovich, taller!” (4) [He was small, plump, began to go bald early], And, (although never drank), [for some reason his nose was always beet-red, like a clown's]. (5) [Children , ( when wanted to talk about someone) ( what he is funny and ugly), they said this]: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”

The first sentence is a complex one with a clause of reason (I hated matinees why? Because my father came).

The second sentence is a compound sentence with direct speech.

The fourth sentence is complex with a coordinating connection (conjunction and) and a subordinating connection (subordinate though ...).

The fifth sentence is a complex one with two subordinate clauses and direct speech. The first subordinate clause is time (children said when? when they wanted to talk about someone); the second subordinate clause is explanatory (they wanted to say something about someone? that he was funny and ugly).

So way, the correct answer is sentence number 5.

Practice.

1. Among sentences 1 - 9, find a complex sentence that has a subordinate clause. Write the number of this offer.

(1) It is not difficult to imagine what was happening at that moment in the soul of the commander: he, having taken on the unbearable burden of a shameful retreat, was deprived of the glory of a victorious battle. (2) ... Barclay's road carriage stopped at one of the postal stations near Vladimir. (3) He started towards the station master's house, but a huge crowd blocked his way. (4) Offensive cries, threats were heard. (5) Barclay's adjutant had to draw his saber in order to pave the way to the carriage. (6) What comforted the old soldier, who was attacked by the unjust anger of the crowd? (7) Perhaps, the belief in the correctness of one's decision: it is this belief that gives a person the strength to go to the end, even if he has to go alone. (8) And yet, perhaps, Barclay was comforted by hope. (9) The hope that someday a passionless time will reward everyone according to their deserts and the fair judgment of history will surely justify the old warrior who sullenly rides in a carriage past the roaring crowd and swallows bitter tears.

2. Among sentences 1 - 10, find a complex sentence, which includes (-yat) subordinate (-s) comparisons. Write the number(s) of this offer.

(1) No matter how hard I tried, I could not imagine that houses once stood here, noisy children ran, apple trees grew, women dried clothes ... (2) No sign of a former life! (3) Nothing! (4) Only the sad feather grass mournfully shook its stems and the dying rivulet barely stirred among the reeds ... (5) I suddenly felt scared, as if the earth was exposed under me and I found myself on the edge of a bottomless abyss. (6) Impossible! (7) Is it possible that man has nothing to oppose to this deaf, indifferent eternity? (8) In the evening I cooked fish soup. (9) The bear threw firewood into the fire and climbed into the pot with his cyclopean spoon - to take a sample. (10) Shadows moved timidly next to us, and it seemed to me that people who once lived here timidly came here from the past to warm themselves by the fire and tell about their lives.

3. Among sentences 1 - 11, find a complex sentence with homogeneous clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) On the bank of the river sat an old man in a naval uniform. (2) The last pre-autumn dragonflies fluttered over him, some perched on shabby epaulettes, rested and fluttered when the man stirred from time to time. (3) He was stuffy, he relaxed his long-long unbuttoned collar with his hand and froze, peering with watery eyes at the palms of small waves patting the river. (4) What did he see now in this shallow water? (5) What was he thinking about? (6) Until recently, he still knew that he had won great victories, that he had managed to break free from the captivity of old theories and discovered new laws of naval combat, that he had created more than one invincible squadron, brought up many glorious commanders and crews of warships.