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Pronouns somebody, anybody, nobody

Pronouns somebody and anyone designate someone, anyone, and the pronoun nobody - no one, no one. Pronoun somebody used in affirmative sentences. In interrogative and negative sentences somebody changes to anyone. Pronoun nobody used semantically where the word is needed none. However, if the sentence uses nobody, then the verb is in the affirmative form without a negative particle not, as well as other negative words, take a non-negative form. If the verb is used with a particle not, i.e. in negative form, can only be used anyone.

affirmative sentences

There is somebody in my flat.
There is someone in my apartment.

Somebody must do something about it.
Someone has to do something about this.

Somebody is going to do that.
Someone is going to do it.

Negative sentences

There isn't anyone in my flat.
There is no one in my apartment.

They shouldn't see anyone.
They don't have to see anyone.

We cannot find anyone.
We can't find anyone.

Negative sentences formed with nobody

There is nobody in my flat.
There is no one in my apartment.

Nobody must do anything about it.
Nobody should do anything about it.

Nobody is going to do that.
Nobody is going to do it.

Interrogative sentences

Is there anybody in your flat?
Is there anyone in your apartment?

Can anyone come here?
Can anyone come in here?

Is anybody going to do that?
Is anyone going to do it?

Multiplicity Expression

To form the plural of countable nouns, the ending -s. To express plurality in English, words like many, much, a lot of, lots of denoting...

Second form of the verb

The second, or past, form of the verb denotes forms like: did, wrote, read. The second form of most verbs is formed with the ending –ed("call - called, play - played, paint - painted"). However, some verbs...

All temporary constructions in the active voice

	present	Past	Future	Future–in–the–Past
Simple (Indefinite)	He sometimes, usually, often, rarely, seldom from time to time, always, never write letters everyday, on Saturdays, at the weekend, in the....

Any, anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere in English

1. some, some; 2. any
The pronoun any in interrogative and conditional sentences corresponds to the words of the Russian language someone, something, some:
Do you have any of this material left. Do you have any of this material?

Any in affirmative sentences is translated as "anyone", "any":
You can ask any of them - You can ask any of them.

Any d negative sentences correspond to the words nothing, nobody, none:
I have not seen any of them - I have not seen any of them.

The combination if any in English corresponds to the phrases "almost no", "if there is", "that is not enough":
I have very little time, if any - I have almost no time.

1. anyone (one); 2. any
In interrogative and conditional sentences, anyone corresponds to Russian somebody (one):
If anyone asks me about it I "II say I don" t know - If anyone asks about it, I'll say I don't know.
Anyone of you - Any of you.

In affirmative sentences, anyone corresponds to Russian any, anyone:
Anyone can do that - Anyone can do that.

In negative sentences, anyone matches the word "no one":
There was not anyone there - There was no one there.

1. anyone; 2. nobody; 3. any
In interrogative and conditional sentences, the word anybody is translated as "someone":
Is there anyone at home? - Is anyone at home?

Anybody in negative sentences corresponds to Russian nobody:
I haven "t seen anybody there - I didn't see anyone there.

In affirmative sentences, anybody has the translation "any":
Anybody can show you the way - Anyone / anyone will show you the way.

The indefinite pronoun anybody, like somebody, everybody, nobody, none always used with the singular verb:
Does anybody agree with me?
Is anyone going to join me? - Will anyone come with me?

The indefinite pronoun anybody, as well as anyone, is not used as a subject in negative sentences. In these cases, the pronoun nobody or pope is used with the affirmative form of the verb: nobody can come in - no one is allowed to enter.

The word "someone" can correspond to the English anybody and anyone, somebody and someone. Combinations with body - anybody, somebody, and also everybody - are used in cases where we are talking about an indefinite or precisely unknown number of persons, in contrast to anyone, someone, everyone, which indicate only for one person:
I haven "t given anyone my present address - I did not give anyone (not a single person) the address where I now live.

ANYTHING

1. anything; 2. nothing; Z. anyone, anything
Anything in interrogative and conditional sentences corresponds to Russian something:
Do you know anything about it? — Do you know anything about it?

Anything in the affirmative sentence has the translation "anything":
Anything may happen - Anything can happen.

In negative sentences, anything corresponds to Russian nothing:
They didn't say anything - They didn't say anything.

In combination with the adjective, anything comes before it:
Is there anything new? Is there anything new/any news?

The same rule applies to all derivatives with -thing, -body, -one, -where:
somebody brave - someone brave, nothing new - nothing new, anywhere close by - somewhere nearby, someone lazy - someone lazy,.

ANYWHERE

1. anywhere; 2. nowhere; Z. anywhere

In interrogative and conditional sentences anywhere corresponds to Russian somewhere, somewhere:
Have you seen him anywhere? Have you seen him anywhere?

In negative sentences, anywhere corresponds to the words "nowhere", "nowhere":
I didn't want to go anywhere - I didn't want to go anywhere.

Anywhere in affirmative sentences has the translation "anywhere", "anywhere":
You can see in anywhere - You can see it anywhere.

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In general, we use some (also somebody/someone/something) in affirmative sentences, and any (also anyone etc.) in negative (translated into Russian as ‘a few, a little; not at all’, etc., may not be translated):

◇ We bought some flowers.
We bought (some) flowers.

◇ We did n't buy any flowers.
We didn't buy flowers.

◇ He's busy. He's got some work to do.
He is busy. He needs Little work.

◇ He's lazy. He never does any work.
He's lazy. He never fulfills no work.

◇ I'm hungry. I want something to eat.
I am hungry. I want anything eat.

◇ I'm not hungry. I do n't want anything to eat.
I am not hungry. I don't want nothing there is.

We use any in the following sentences because the value is negative:

• She went out without any money. (she did n't take any money with her - she did not take money with her)
• He refused to eat anything. (He did n't eat anything- He didn't eat anything
• Hardly anybody passed the examination. (= almost nobody passed - almost no one passed)

In questions, we use some, and any. We use some when we talk about a person or thing, knowing that it exists, or thinking that it exists:

• Are you waiting for somebody? (I think you're waiting for somebody)
  Are you waiting anyone?

We use some in questions when we offer or ask something:

• Would you like something to eat? (there is something to eat)
  Would you like anything eat?
• Can I have some sugar, please? (there is probably some sugar I can have)
  May I Little sugar please?

But in most questions we use any. We don't know if a person or a thing exists:

• 'Have you got any luggage?’ ‘No, I haven’t.’
  ‘Do you have luggage?’ ‘No.’
• I can't find my bag. Has anyone seen it?
  I can't find my bag. anyone saw her?

We often use any after if:

• If there are any letters for me, can you send them on to this address?
  If there are (any) letters to me, can you send them to this address?
• If anyone has any questions, I'll be pleased to answer them.
  If anyone has have any questions, I'll be happy to answer them.
• let me know if you need anything.
  Let me know (let me know) if to you anything will be needed.

The following offers do not if, but the meaning is the same:

• I'm sorry for any trouble I've caused. (= if I have caused any trouble)
  I'm sorry for any problems I caused (= if I caused any problems)
• Anyone who wants to do the exam must tell me by Friday. (= if there is anyone)
  Anyone who wants to take the exam must let me know by Friday. (= if (there is) anyone)

We also use any in the meaning of ‘no matter what; any':

• You can take any bus. They all go to the centre. (= no matter which bus you take)
• ‘Sing a song.’ ‘Which song shall I sing?’ ‘ Any song. I don't mind.' (= any song)
• Come and see me any time you want.
• ‘Let’s go out somewhere.’ ‘Where shall we go?’ ‘ Anywhere. (Anywhere.) I just want to go out.’
• We left the door unlocked. Anybody could have come in. ( Anyone my go.)

Compare something and anything:

A: I'm hungry. I want something to eat. ( anything)
B: What would you like?
A: I don't mind. Anything. (Anything.) (= it doesn't matter what)

Somebody/someone/anybody/anyone- words in the singular:

• Someone is here to see you.
  Here someone wants to see you.

But we often use they/them/their after these words:

• Someone has forgotten their umbrella. (= his or her umbrella)
  Someone forgot my umbrella. (= his or her umbrella)
• If anyone want to leave early they can. (= he or she can)
  If a anyone wants to leave early, you can do it. (= he or she can)

Exercises

1. Select some or any.

2. Complete the sentences with some- or any- + -body/-thing/-where.

// 2 Comments

We have already considered the topic. Today we will return to this topic again and reveal a few more secrets to you, in particular, to find out what number the word is today, whether it is identical to the word “everyone”, and when to use somebody.

Everyone or Everybody

I must say that both words: everyone and everybody are interchangeable and mean “every person” (every person), so use whichever you like best.

Everyone or Every One

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Sometimes it happens that the word "everyone" is written separately - this is not a mistake, but absolutely the same thing. True, most prefer to write together, and both pronouns mean "everyone, everyone."

Singular or Plural?

When it comes to indefinite pronouns, experts start arguing about which number everyone and somebody belong to and which verb should follow them.

Although we are considering the pronouns everyone and everybody, the same rules apply to the indefinite pronouns no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, and somebody. Actually, everyone is only interested in one thing - what is the number of these pronouns? Some argue that the word everyone, for example, sounds like "a lot of people", BUT! in grammar land everyone, like other indefinite pronouns, is singular and agrees with the singular verb, e.g.,

In England, it is acceptable to use everyone and everybody with a singular verb and a plural pronoun (e.g. “Everyone is here, I can see them!”).

In America, however, things are not so simple, and American linguists object to the use of plural pronouns. their, them, they with indefinite pronouns everybody or everyone. The essence of the problem is that in English there is no word that would refer to a noun in the singular of a neutral gender. Grammarists have previously suggested using the phrase “his or her” as a solution, but not everyone is comfortable saying the following sentence: “Everyone is putting a hat on his or her head.” Therefore, we would not recommend using structures of this type.

In one opinion, grammarians agree - there is no solution to this problem, and until there is one, the indefinite pronouns will be followed by a singular verb.

Words derived from every-, some-, any- and no-
Words derived from every-, some-, any- and no-

There are some two-part words in English, the first part of which contains the pronouns every-, some-, any- and even the particle no-. The principle of using such words intersects with the topic of the previous section. You will need to memorize all the presented words and learn how to use them well.

everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody

These four pronouns refer only to a person. The meaning and application of each will be considered in order.

everyone - everyone

Everybody knows where you work- Everyone knows where you work
Everybody is waiting for them - Everyone is waiting for them

Pay attention to the fact that this and other similar pronouns have the form of the third person singular (he, she). If necessary, the verbs must be put in this form.

Don't say: Everybody know or Everybody are waiting.

Everyone left the cafe and went to the square

somebody - someone, somebody (in statements)

Somebody told me that you were ill- Someone told me that you are sick
I'm looking for somebody to share a flat- I'm looking for someone to rent an apartment together

The pronoun somebody is used in the same cases as the separate some - in affirmative sentences.

Say it yourself:

Someone calls me every night

anybody - somebody (questions and negatives)

Does anybody know how to get to the stadium?- Does anyone know how to get to the stadium?
Is anyone home? - Is there anyone at home?

I don "t see anybody - I don't see anyone

The difference between somebody and anybody is based on the contrast between some and any (cf. previous section ).

Don't say: I don't see somebody.

Say it yourself:

Do you know anyone here?
No I don't know anyone

nobody - no one

Nobody loves me - Nobody loves me
Nobody said a word - Nobody said a word

Say it yourself:

Nobody believes you

Since nobody already carries a negation, the verb in the sentence will be in the affirmative form to prevent double negation. Literally, such sentences will be translated into Russian as follows: Nobody loves me or Nobody believes you.

Now try to translate the following sentences into English by yourself by choosing the correct pronoun:

Are you inviting someone to the party?
Everyone wants to know English, but no one wants to learn it
Someone is waiting for you at the door

The four considered pronouns have words that duplicate them: everyone, someone, anyone and no one, respectively. They are similar in both design and meaning.

Everyone is happy = Everyone is happy
Someone is waiting for you = Someone is waiting for you
Does anyone speak Spanish here? = Does anyone speak Spanish here?
Nobody understands us = No one understands us

From the examples, you can see that the pronoun no one is really written separately, unlike all other words.

In fact, we said a little superficially that words with roots -body and -one are similar. In terms of meaning, they are very similar, but still some subtleties in their difference can be distinguished. For example, everybody is closer in meaning to the Russian "everything", and everyone is closer to the Russian "everyone". And if we want to put the preposition of after such pronouns, then it is more correct to use words with the root -one.

Everyone of you is so kind to me- Each of you is so kind to me.
Can anyone of them turn the light on?- Can any of them turn on the light?

Instead of no one , however, in the case of the preposition of, its modified version - none will be used.

None of us is able to alter the history- None of us can change history

Say it yourself in English:

Everyone needs a good teacher
Do any of you know Peter?
I think none of us know Peter?

everything, something, anything, nothing

If the pronouns with the roots -body and -one mean people, then the words with the root -thing mean inanimate objects.

everything - everything

I "m tired of everything - I'm tired of everything

something - something, anything, something (statements)

I need to tell you something - I need to tell you something

anything - anything, anything (questions, denials)

Does she know anything about Ancient Rome? Does she know anything about Ancient Rome?
We don "t hear anything - We don't hear anything

Less commonly, anything can be found in affirmative sentences in the meaning of "anything".

I can give you anything you want- I can give you whatever you want.

nothing - nothing

What's wrong? - What happened?
Nothing - nothing

Say it yourself in English:

Do you see anything?
I don't want to eat anything
I liked everything
What? - Nothing

Other pronouns and adverbs

There are a sufficient number of similar compound words with the pronouns every-, some-, any- and the particle no- in the English language. We will not analyze the rest of the words in detail, but only list some of them. Always remember the difference between some and any .

everywhere - everywhere, everywhere
somewhere - somewhere, somewhere, somewhere
anywhere - anywhere, anywhere
nowhere - nowhere

somehow - somehow
anyhow - somehow

anyway - anyway

To practice, say yourself in English:

Cars are everywhere now
Have you seen Patricia anywhere?
No, I haven't seen her anywhere.
They have nowhere to live
I think we will solve this problem somehow
Can you fix my car somehow?
I will stay here anyway

There are many more similar compound words in English. Only the most common ones have been considered here. Be sure to complete the practical tasks.

Exercises
Exercises

Exercise 1
Say what the following pronouns and adverbs mean

somebody , everything , nobody , anybody , anything , something , everyone , nothing , somewhere , everywhere , somehow.

Exercise 2
translate sentences with in English into Russian

1. They don't believe anyone;
2. She told that she loved someone, but didn't tell his name;
3. Yesterday my boss got angry and went somewhere in the middle of the meeting;
4. Will your parents go anywhere on holiday this summer?
5. I have nowhere to go;
6. We have nothing to tell you;
7. no one came to my birthday party;
8. Everybody forgot to pay the bills except me;
9. I had to tell you something very important;
10. Could you recommend me anybody to make me a haircut?

Exercise 3
Translate the sentences into English

Body

1. Will anyone watch this movie?
2. Nobody will watch this movie;
3. Everyone wants to sleep;
4. We didn't want to disturb anyone.

1. I will listen to each of you;
2. Are you going to call someone?
3. Nobody can play better than you;
4. None of you can win this game;
5. Someone is screaming in the street.

Thing

1. Is there anything in this bag?
2. There is nothing in this bag;
3. I have nothing to tell you;
4. I love spring. Everything is so fresh and green.

Where

1. Mike can't find the keys anywhere;
2. You must look for them somewhere else;
3. She would like to live somewhere in Europe.