What is the daily routine of a child of 2 years. How to create a daily routine with two small children? Salads in molds

Two-year-old children are gradually introduced to adult food, but it is still too early to completely switch to a common table at this age. What nutritional features of a 2-year-old child should parents remember, what foods are still too early to try for a baby, and what is the best way to build a menu for a child of this age?

Diet

At the age of two, children's meals become four times a day and include breakfast and lunch, as well as afternoon tea and dinner. More frequent meals have a bad effect on appetite, and rarer ones - on the digestion of food and the well-being of the baby. Breaks between meals are 3.5-4 hours.

The principles of proper nutrition

1. The ratio of proteins and fats, as well as carbohydrates in the diet of a 2-year-old child should be 1:1:4 or 1:1:3. Proteins are the main building material for the growth of the child's body, so the children's diet should include sources such as dairy products, poultry, meat products, egg dishes, and fish. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the child's body. The child receives them from cereals, fruits, sugar, bread, vegetables. Fats are also needed for the energy needs of the child's body.
2. A two-year-old child receives an average of 1400-1500 kcal per day. According to the calorie content, meals should be distributed as follows: 25% calories for breakfast, 30% calories for lunch, 15% calories for afternoon tea and 30% for dinner.
3. It is important to ensure sufficient intake of macro- and micronutrients, especially those that are responsible for the condition of the bones. The child will receive calcium from cottage cheese, milk, cheese, peas, dried apricots, cabbage, prunes, oatmeal and other products.
4. Spices and salt in the child's dishes should be kept to a minimum.

Many mothers do not stop breastfeeding children older than 2 years

Needs of a 2 year old

• dairy products the baby should consume about 600 g per day. Kefir is recommended in an amount of up to 200 ml per day.
• In addition to the yolk, you can start giving the white of a boiled egg. The norm is half a boiled egg per day.
• Cheese the baby is recommended only with a small fat content and in the amount of 20 g per week.
• Cottage cheese recommended 50 g per day. It can be mixed with fruits, sour cream, sugar. You can also cook puddings, cheesecakes, dumplings from cottage cheese.
• Meat dishes made from lean veal, beef and pork. Children are also given chicken. These dishes are recommended for consumption in the morning, as they take a long time to digest. A sufficient amount of meat per day for a 2-year-old child is considered 50-80 g. It is permissible to include low-fat boiled sausage and lean boiled ham in the child's diet. Also, at two years old, you can start offering the child stew with pieces of meat and liver pate.
• Several times a week, the child replaces the meat dish with fish. The fish is boiled, stewed, cutlets and meatballs are also made from it. A two-year-old baby can be given a piece of herring. For a week, the child should eat up to 175 g of fish.
• Vegetables the baby should consume up to 250 g per day, but potatoes are advised to consume up to 150 g per day. Vegetable purees can be single component or complex. A two-year-old child can be given cabbage, beets, carrots, onions, pumpkins, eggplants, tomatoes, turnips, radishes, cucumbers, sweet peppers and other vegetables.
• Fruits and berries recommended in the amount of about 150-200 g per day.
• The diet may include pasta, as well as flour dishes.
• Norm of bread count up to 100 g per day (wheat - about 70 g, rye - about 30 g).
• The norm of confectionery is 10 g per day, and sugar - up to 50 g per day.
• In addition to cereals, the child can try cereal casseroles, as well as children's muesli. The most useful are oatmeal, buckwheat and rice porridge, as well as millet and corn. Barley porridge can already be introduced into the diet of a two-year-old child.
• Add to vegetable dishes vegetable oil up to 6 g per day.
• Butter It is advised to consume up to 16 g per day.

What liquids to give?

Water for every kilogram of weight of a 2-year-old child requires 100 ml per day. This daily amount of water includes any liquids that the child consumes (soups, compotes, milk, and others). If the weather is hot, the fluid volume should be increased. On average, a child at the age of two is advised to drink 1500 ml of water per day.

A two-year-old child can be given weak tea, rosehip infusion, compote, cocoa, milk, fruit and vegetable juices. Juice is recommended to drink in an amount of up to 150 ml per day.

How to make a menu?

• For breakfast, the child is given a main course in the amount of 200 g and a drink in the amount of 100-150 ml, as well as bread with butter or cheese.
• For lunch, it is useful for a child to eat a fresh vegetable salad or other snack in the amount of 40 g and a first course in a volume of 150 ml. Also, for lunch, the baby is given a meat or fish dish in the amount of 50-80 g and a side dish in the amount of 100 g. In addition, at lunch they give a drink, the volume of which will be 100 ml.
• For an afternoon snack, a child is recommended milk or kefir in a volume of 150 ml, as well as cookies (15 g) or homemade cakes (45 g). In addition, fruit or berries should be given for an afternoon snack.
• For dinner, the child, as well as for breakfast, is given a main course in the amount of 200 g and a drink in the amount of 150 ml.

Sample menu for the week

A child of two years of age can eat for a week according to the following menu:

Day of the week	Breakfast	Dinner	afternoon tea	Dinner
Tea with milk (100 ml) Bread with butter (30 g/10 g)	Cabbage salad with apple (40 g) Fish steam cutlet (60 g) Boiled rice (100 g) Apple juice (100 ml) Bread (50 g)	Kefir (150 ml) Cookies (15 g) Fresh apple (50 g)	Potato meatballs with egg (200 g) Rosehip infusion (150 ml) Bread (20 g)
	Cheesecakes with sour cream (200 g) Milk (150 ml) Bread with butter (30 g/10 g)	Carrot salad (40 g) Soup with fish meatballs (150 ml) Mashed potatoes (100 g) Dried fruit compote (100 ml) Bread (50 g)	Yogurt (150 ml) Milk cake (50 g)	Buckwheat porridge (150 g) Liver pate (50 g) Kissel (150 ml) Bread (20 g)
	Omelet (80 g) Cocoa with milk (150 ml) Bread with cheese (30 g/10 g)	Fresh vegetable salad (40 g) Borscht (150 ml) Vegetable puree (100 g) Beef meatballs (60 g) Rosehip infusion (100 ml) Bread (50 g)	Kefir (150 ml) Baked apples (60 g) Cookies (15 g)	Rice casserole (200 g) Tea with milk (150 ml) Bread (20 g)
	Oatmeal with apples (200 g) Milk (100 ml) Bread with butter (30 g/10 g)	Carrot and apple salad (40 g) Pumpkin puree soup (150 ml) Chicken meatball (60 g) Cauliflower puree (100 g) Tomato juice (100 ml) Bread (50 g)	Berry smoothie from kefir (150 ml) Cookies (15 g)	Stewed vegetables (200 g) Tea with honey (150 ml) Bread (20 g)
	Cottage cheese casserole (200 g) Cocoa with milk (100 ml) Bread with butter (30 g/10 g)	Green peas with butter (40 g) Homemade pickle (150 ml) Buckwheat porridge (100 g) Beef stroganoff (50 g) Compote of apples and pears (100 ml) Bread (50 g)	Kissel (150 ml) Homemade cracker (15 g)	Potato cutlets with turkey (200 g) Kefir (150 ml) Bread (20 g)
	Rice milk porridge with dried apricots (200 g) Tea with milk (150 ml) Bread with cheese (30 g/10 g)	Herring pate (40 g) Beetroot (150 ml) Corn porridge (100 g) Braised rabbit (50 g) Carrot-apple juice (100 ml) Bread (50 g)	Milk (150 ml) Cookies (15 g)	Potato and vegetable casserole (200 g) Kefir (150 ml) Bread (20 g)
Sunday	Milk vermicelli (200 g) Cocoa with milk (100 ml) Bread with butter (30 g/10 g)	Beet salad (40 g) Soup with beef meatballs (150 ml) Potato and green pea puree (100 g) Berry compote (100 ml) Bread (50 g)	Kefir (150 ml) Cookies (15 g)	Omelet (50 g) Millet milk porridge (150 g) Tea with milk (150 ml) Bread (20 g)

What should not be included in the diet?

What are the best ways to cook food?

Food for a two-year-old child is boiled, baked, stewed, steamed. It is still too early for children of this age to try fried food. At the same time, food is already less crushed, and more often offered with a mashed fork and pieces. Vegetables can be given both processed and raw.

Healthy Recipe Examples

Beet salad with cucumber and green peas

Take 50 g of beets and 25 g of fresh cucumber and green peas. Boil peas and beets. Finely chop the cucumber, add boiled peas and grated beets. Fill with 5 g of sunflower oil.

Salad of apples and prunes

Wash and peel an apple (70 g), grate on a coarse grater. Prunes (30 g) are pitted and soaked for a short time, then finely chopped. Combine grated apple and chopped prunes, add a teaspoon of sugar or honey.

Soup with fish meatballs and potatoes

Take 300 ml of fish broth, bring to a boil, put potatoes (50 g), carrots (15 g), onions (10 g) and parsley root (5 g) cut into small cubes. Simmer until the vegetables are tender, then add the fish fillet meatballs to the soup. For them, take 60 g of fillet, half a chicken egg, 10 g of white bread crumb and 20 ml of milk. Wait for the meatballs to float. Season the soup with fresh dill (3 g).

Steamed meatloaf with scrambled eggs

Prepare a cutlet mass from 100 g of meat, a quarter of a chicken egg, 30 ml of milk and 20 g of white bread. Mix the ingredients well and put on cheesecloth moistened with cool water. You should get a layer of minced meat about 1.5 centimeters thick. Separately, prepare a steam omelet with one egg and 25 ml of milk. Lay the omelette over the minced meat, carefully bringing the edges of the gauze together to form a roll. Steam for approximately 30 minutes.

Millet porridge with pumpkin

Take 150 ml of milk or water, bring to a boil, add peeled and diced pumpkin (100 g) and leave to cook for 7-10 minutes. At this time, rinse 30 g of millet groats in hot water several times. Pour it into water or milk with pumpkin, add a spoonful of sugar and cook for about 1 hour over low heat. Serve with butter.

Steamed cottage cheese pudding with raisins

For two servings, take 200 g of cottage cheese, grind it through a sieve, add 20 g of washed raisins. Rub an egg yolk with 20 ml of milk and 16 g of sugar. Combine the pounded yolk with the curd mass, add 10 g of butter (it must first be melted) and 4 teaspoons of semolina. Lastly, add the beaten egg white. Pour the mixture into greased moulds. Steam for 30-40 minutes.

Possible problems

At the age of two, the child strives for independence. At this time, many babies begin to manifest a developmental crisis, which also affects the area of ​​​​nutrition.

What to do if the child does not eat the foods that he needs?

Many parents worry that the child does not eat enough, in their opinion, is varied. At the age of two, babies can eat the same dish for several days, and this is the norm. There is no need to worry if the child eats at least one product from such groups: dairy products, meat, vegetables, cereals and fruits. For example, if there are bananas, potatoes, chicken, bread and kefir on the baby's menu, his food can be called varied.

If the child completely refuses food, there is no need to insist and force. Offer your baby food at certain times (according to the established diet), avoid snacking, and make sure the food is at the right temperature and texture. The best tactic would be to constantly offer food, but not access easily digestible sweets and other foods that the child can eat between meals. When the child is hungry, he will eat what you give him.

How to understand that lack of appetite is a symptom of the disease?

In most cases, poor appetite is not associated with diseases, but with the presence of frequent snacks and the lack of a meal regimen. Another difficulty can be caused by an overly large portion. Seeing a large amount of food, a discouraged child will hasten to refuse food altogether. It is best to give the child a small amount of food, and when he eats everything, offer a supplement.

However, the loss of appetite is indeed a sign of illness, such as diseases of the digestive tract or any acute infections. The presence of other symptoms, such as fever, nausea, weight loss, changes in stool, and others, can lead parents to the idea that poor appetite is associated with the disease.

Binge eating

It is important to teach a child the basics of proper nutrition from early childhood, because obesity is a very common problem in adults. Parents should teach their kids to eat healthy food. There is no need to be mistaken and rejoice if a two-year-old eats large portions and has long since switched to a common table. This can undermine children's health and cause problems in the future.

Try to instill healthy eating habits in your child. It is best if the child eats at the table with other family members.

Never use food as a reward or promise your child something for an empty plate.

• Try to give your child less muffins, shortcrust pastries, pies, cakes, and similar foods. They are high in calories and low in nutrients. Sweets that can be given to a two-year-old baby include marshmallow, jam, honey, cookies, jam, waffles, jam, marmalade, marshmallows.
• If you give your child cottage cheese that is not intended for baby food, it should always be cooked.
• Since porridge for a 2-year-old child is advised to cook semi-viscous, liquids should be taken 4 times more than cereals. You can cook porridge both in water and in fruit or vegetable broth and in milk.
• Do not let your child eat on the go, as this is dangerous.
• If your child still drinks from a bottle, at the age of two, you should already refuse it. For kids who have not yet mastered the usual cup, buy a special (training) one.

Many parents give vitamins to a child from 2 years old. The feasibility of this issue is discussed in another article.

You can see how mothers feed their babies at 2 years old in the following videos.

Sometimes parents complain that their children are naughty a lot, suffer from a lack of appetite, do not want to go to kindergarten, do not have time at school, and do not see that some of these problems are due to an incorrect daily routine or its absence. If a child does not get enough sleep, is not used to eating at a certain time, then this leads to a weakening of his health, nervous system, and rapid fatigue. It is necessary to accustom the child to the optimal mode of sleep and wakefulness from a very early age.

Some mothers do not recognize the need to make a daily routine for a one-year-old baby, believing that both bedtime and feeding time should be at the request of the child. But the fact that you do not create an individual daily routine for your one-year-old baby does not mean that it does not exist. It's just that in this case, the time of sleep and wakefulness, feeding and play for the baby are added arbitrarily and if they do not coincide with what is convenient for parents, then they lead to the fact that everyone suffers. A sleep-deprived child is capricious and falls asleep badly from overwork; parents who do not get enough sleep also lose strength and health.

Therefore, each family should draw up a child's daily routine in accordance with its physiological characteristics and its own lifestyle, Dr. Komarovsky convinces. The wake-up time is desirable to be common to everyone in the house. The main meals should also take place at approximately the same time for all family members, and the additional ones necessary for the crumbs should be at a time convenient for mom and baby. The time of daytime sleep of the crumbs will depend on the time of eating.

If you stick to the same hour for morning awakening, evening bedtime and feeding throughout the day, choosing a routine that is convenient for the whole family, then the baby will easily get used to the regimen, which will strengthen his health and make life easier for parents. But in order for the baby to get used to the observance of sleep and wakefulness, nutrition and hygiene, it is necessary that the mother adhere to the same routine both on weekends and on weekdays.

An approximate daily routine for a baby per year and month is recommended as follows:

Daily routine for children from 1 year to 1.5 years:

Feeding: 7.30, 12, 16.30, 20.

wakefulness: 7-10, 12-15.30, 16.30-20.30

Dream: first 10-12, second 15.30-16.30, night sleep 20.30-7.

Walk: after lunch and afternoon tea.

Bathing: 19.

Daily regime. Child 1 year 2 months

Menu for a child at 1 year old

The first birthday of a baby, which is celebrated with joy by relatives, does not mean that immediately after the baby has become one year old, his sleep and nutrition immediately change dramatically. A child has five meals a year, in which he receives from 1000 to 1200 grams of food. The food should be grated, but already include small pieces to teach the baby to chew food. Food should still only be boiled, baked or stewed, nothing fried or smoked.

The basis of nutrition is still milk and dairy products. If the baby remains breastfed, then from the year you can gradually replace it with regular baby food. If the baby is bottle-fed, then the preparation of the menu should be approached even more carefully, since only from it does he receive all the necessary trace elements, vitamins, etc. At the same time, it is easier for a formula-fed baby to “overfeed”, which also requires a more careful menu preparation from the mother.

For the growth and development of a child, first of all, protein is needed, therefore meat and fish must be included in the baby’s menu every year. Since the protein is digested for a long time, the recommendations say that meat or fish dishes are given to babies no later than lunch.

• Lean types are chosen from meat - veal, beef, chicken. It must be carefully cooked - boiled or stewed for a long time. Served as a puree or pate. Cutlets and meatballs are suggested by nutritionists to give babies less frequently.
• Low-fat varieties such as pollock, cod, etc. provide fish. at least one hundred grams per week.

The second mandatory item on the child's menu after a year is cereal. The leaders in health benefits among them are oatmeal and buckwheat, but you should not refuse rice, semolina, barley either. Porridge for crumbs is cooked in milk and is usually given for breakfast, adding a little butter (12 gm daily rate).

Speaking of oil: a child should receive no more than 1 teaspoon of vegetable oil per day. It must be included in the diet of the crumbs, as it contains the necessary nutrients for development. It can be added to a salad or minimally used in cooking.

Be sure to include vegetables and fruits in the baby's menu. In a year it is usually mashed potatoes, but you can already gradually accustom yourself to salads - finely chopped or grated on a coarse grater of carrots, boiled potatoes and beets, pumpkins or apples. Vegetable salads are preferably made from no more than two components; a little more components can be included in fruit salads.

After the first birthday, it's time to teach kids to the first courses: soups and broths. Meat broths for children at this age should be light, not greasy. To do this, they are prepared as follows: the meat is cooked for 10-15 minutes, after which the broth is drained, and soup is prepared from it for children, and the meat is cooked further

Children are very fond of sweets and you can offer sweet fruits, cookies, marmalade or marshmallow as a dessert. In limited quantities and safe sweets will delight the baby.

Physical development

After a year, the baby becomes more and more active, he quickly builds up his motor skills. He walks more and more confidently, can pick up objects of interest to him from the floor, squat down and stand up on his own, step over obstacles and start running. To help him consolidate his successes and master new opportunities, it's time to accustom the child to morning exercises, which are given no more than 10 minutes. Exercises are carried out in a playful way and only if the baby wants it.

Dream

In a year, there is a smooth transition in sleep and wakefulness to a more active pastime than in infants under one year old. At this age, the baby should sleep 14 - 16 hours a day, of which three to four hours are allotted for daytime sleep. Dr. Komarovsky calls a slightly lower figure of 13.5 hours, but this is all within the framework of individual differences. Even for one child, the need for sleep can change from day to day.

Therefore, the regime should not be a dogma. It is perfectly acceptable to compensate for the daytime lack of sleep by going to bed earlier one day, and on the other, due to poor sleep at night, allow you to sleep longer during the day. But this should still be rather an exception, one should strive to sleep at the same time. In a year when the activity of the child is growing, it is especially important to teach him to sleep and wake up convenient for the family.

In a year, the child sleeps twice a day, one of which is longer. But after a year there is a gradual transition to a single sleep. Do not rush to cancel one of the laying, you just need to watch the baby. The second daytime sleep will depend on the needs of the child: if he is tired or has not slept, then he will fall asleep on his own, and if he is active, then you should not insist, but it is better to put him to sleep earlier in the evening, already at night.

Continue to maintain your evening bedtime ritual. This soothes the baby and helps him fall asleep easily. At one year old, it is already worth accustoming a child to fall asleep without a mother - without breastfeeding and motion sickness.

Baby sleep rules, baby sleep, baby sleep

Approximate daily routine for children from 1.1 to 2 years

After a year, every month the baby’s motor activity increases during the day, and night sleep becomes stronger. But in the first 6 months, the child still quickly gets tired, periods of hyperactive behavior are replaced by lethargy, and he still needs to rest twice a day. Even if the baby does not fall asleep for the second time, it is necessary that he lie quietly for a while, otherwise the baby may overwork.

By the age of one and six months, the child improves his physical and intellectual abilities, and therefore his skills and abilities expand. He already runs, uses a spoon, can hold a cup, knows the words "can" and "impossible", etc. Increased physical strength and strengthening of the nervous system allow him to go to a single daytime sleep. Recommend approximately the following regime of the day.

Daily routine for children from 1.5 to 2 years:

Feeding: 8, 12, 15.30, 19.30.

wakefulness: 7.30 – 12.30, 15.30 – 20.20.

Dream: 12.30 – 15.30, 20.30 – 7.30

Walk: after breakfast and afternoon snack.

Bathing: 18.30.

The daily routine of a child from 2 to 3 years

After two years, a child is already actively mastering speech, speaking in sentences and actively expanding his vocabulary. Compared to a one-year-old baby, he controls his body well, can eat neatly, put on and take off his T-shirt and panties himself. During the day, the child asks for a potty, at night it is not yet given to him. Feeding should be four times a day, daytime sleep once.

A child in the period from two to three years can already restrain his desires for a short time and do something. But he is still hyperactive, cannot engage in monotonous activities for a long time and is easily aroused. The baby can do one thing for no more than half an hour, so long periods of wakefulness should be filled with alternating activities.

Daily routine for children from 2 to 3 years old:

Feeding: 8, 12.30, 16.30, 19.

wakefulness: 7.30 – 13.30, 15.30 – 20.30.

Dream: 13.30 – 15.30, 20.30 – 7.30.

Walk: 2 times a day after breakfast and afternoon snack.

Pouring: after night and daytime sleep (in winter) and before dinner (in summer).

Bathing: before bedtime.

Children after a year are very fond of swimming, but you can already wash it two to three times a week. If there is a need and desire, then it is possible more often, but in this case, the skin must be lubricated with baby cream or oil. After a year, it is time to regularly care for your teeth. While this is, of course, the concern of the parents, as well as teaching him to wash himself and wash his hands.

After a year, gradually the child begins to be taught to use a spoon, to accustom him to the potty.

Walks in the open air

Regardless of the weather, after a year, children must definitely walk on the street both on weekdays and on weekends. Even in frost, the baby should be in the fresh air for at least 20 minutes a day, and in good weather - the longer the better.

Experts believe that if the weather and the possibilities of parents allow, then you need to walk twice a day from one and a half to two hours. Now, when the child already walks not only in a stroller, but walks with his own feet, a walk gives the child both physical activity and knowledge of the world. A long stay in the fresh air contributes to a good appetite and sound sleep of the child.

The Child and the Regime – School of Dr. Komarovsky

The basis of upbringing in the third year of a child's life remains, as before, a correctly composed and clearly conducted daily routine. But in connection with the development of the child, changes must be made to it.

At this age, a healthy, normal child should sleep during the day for 12-13 hours, of which 10-11 hours at night and 2.5-1.5 hours in the middle of the day. He can stay awake actively, without overwork, within 6.5-5.5 hours, no more. These fluctuations in the duration of wakefulness and sleep depend on the individual characteristics of children. Some children can stay awake for no more than 5.5 hours and sleep during the day for at least 2-2.5 hours.

Others stay awake for 6-6.5 hours and sleep only 1.5-2 hours during the day. Within the age norms, there are other individual deviations in the duration of wakefulness and sleep.

Nervous, easily tired children and children after serious illnesses need shorter wakefulness and more frequent and longer sleep. Sometimes they even need to be temporarily switched back to two afternoon naps.

So how do you determine what sleep and wake schedule your child needs? This can be judged by his behavior. If before going to bed the child becomes either excited (screams, laughs a lot and sometimes for no reason, moves erratically a lot, plays pranks, does obviously unlawful things, does not listen to what they say, eventually bursts into tears), or, conversely, lethargic (cannot do anything , whimpering at the slightest provocation, offended for no reason), - this shows that he has already exhausted his possibilities, that he has already overtired.

In this case, it is necessary to reduce the duration of wakefulness by 30-40 minutes, and sometimes even by an hour, so as not to bring it to overwork. If the child, by the time of laying down, is balanced, cheerful, feels good and, when put to bed, does not fall asleep for a long time, then it is possible to extend the time of his wakefulness by postponing the onset of sleep for a while.

Consequently, the mode of sleep and wakefulness must be established for each child, not only in accordance with his age, but also taking into account his individual capabilities. If there is a firm regimen that meets the needs of the child, he usually falls asleep quickly at the appointed time and wakes up at the appointed time in a good mood. It should be remembered that on other days the child sleeps a little longer than usual. This is quite natural and depends on many reasons: on the child's physical condition, experiences, environment, weather, etc. Such random fluctuations should not serve as a reason to change the established regimen. You should not worry if the baby sometimes sleeps a little longer or does not immediately fall asleep. The signal to change the regimen is the repetition of such cases, and most importantly, the change in the child's well-being before bedtime.

Sometimes parents note that in the summer children lose weight, become more irritable and naughty, it can be difficult to seat them for some quiet game. This is explained by the fact that in summer, children, being a lot in the air, receive much more diverse impressions than in winter. Being lightly dressed and seeing a lot of new, interesting things, they move a lot. And at the same time, they sleep less in the summer.

Due to natural phenomena in summer, children usually fall asleep about an hour later in the evening and wake up earlier in the morning. All this leads to fatigue. Therefore, in the summer, the child should be put to sleep during the day an hour and a half earlier than usual and thereby supplement a shortened night's sleep.

In summer, if possible, the child should spend all day outdoors. In the cold season, walk twice daily. Children 2-3 years old can already move freely during walks, even dressed in warm clothes and shoes.

This allows you to increase the winter walk up to 1.5-2 hours.
In spring and autumn, the duration of stay in the air increases depending on the weather for a longer or shorter time.

A child of two or three years of age cannot do one thing for a long time, as he quickly gets tired. But he does not yet know how to regulate his activities. Therefore, in the daily routine, it is necessary to determine the time for different types of his activities, ensuring their diversity and the alternation of calm and active games, independent games and games with adults.

If the baby attends a nursery, then it is necessary to coordinate his home regimen with the nursery, after consulting with a teacher or doctor.

Many mothers complain that it is difficult for them to wake their baby in the morning. This suggests that he did not get enough sleep during the night. The time for getting up in the morning cannot be delayed, especially if the mother is working and the child is in the nursery. There is only one thing left - to put him to bed earlier in the evening, so that he sleeps at least 10 hours at night.

Everything necessary for the child should be prepared in the evening, this will make it possible in the morning to calmly, without rushing to raise and dress him for half an hour.

On the day off, feeding, daytime sleep and a walk should be carried out at the same hours that the child is used to in the nursery, that is, strictly observe the nursery regime.

Remember that a violation of the usual daily routine causes various negative changes in the mood and behavior of the child (refuses to eat, does not fall asleep for a long time, is capricious, etc.). A single regimen in the nursery and at home will ensure a vigorous, balanced behavior of the child.

In order for the child to be active during wakefulness, not tired, and for this time to be beneficial for his development, it is necessary to properly organize all the activities of the baby.

A child of 2-3 years old can play independently for a considerable time, but still he cannot be left to himself for the entire time of wakefulness. He needs supervision, help and guidance from elders. Therefore, two questions must be correctly resolved: when and at what time a child can play independently and when adults should devote special time for playing and studying with him.

After a night's sleep, that is, a long good rest and a long break in activity, the child can do something well on his own.
In the morning part of the day, relatives who stay at home are usually busy with housework, and therefore it is very good to organize this part of the day so that the child can basically do it himself with only very little participation of adults.

In the morning before breakfast, when everyone is busy, the child, after he has washed and dressed, can play on his own. After breakfast, while the child is still cheerful, full of energy, it is good to give him some activity of a more complex nature, for example, looking at a book, building from blocks, etc.

If a mother or grandmother is doing at this time something in which even a small child can take some part, then it is good to involve him in his work, which he does very willingly and with interest. An hour and a half after breakfast, when the child has exhausted his ability to play on his own, and the mother or grandmother has already completed the necessary household chores, you need to go for a walk with him.

On a walk, he should play outdoor games, observe the environment, i.e. be in an active state. Adults should alternate outdoor games with quieter activities (observation, conversation).

It is necessary to return from a walk no later than 30-40 minutes before eating, so that the baby has time to rest a bit. It is good that this time the child plays on his own again. It is possible and very useful to involve the child in preparing food and cleaning toys: “Let's move the table together with you, now we will eat”, “Remove the doll from the table, I need to put the dishes”, etc.

In the evening, adult members of the family come home from work, and the nature of household chores changes with the mother. Therefore, you can devote more time directly to classes with the child. During the second half of the day, you must definitely work out with him and take a walk for the second time. Older brothers and sisters usually prepare lessons in the evening, adults have a rest, you need to make sure that the baby does not interfere with them, to keep him busy with a calm game.

But the child cannot spend the whole evening in calm games, his need for movement must be satisfied on a walk, where he can run around without disturbing anyone.

With such an organization of wakefulness, the child feels good throughout the day. He is busy and the adults can do the housework.

If the child attends a nursery, then in the evening, upon returning home, it is necessary to set aside 30-40 minutes to play some kind of calm game with him, or tell him a fairy tale, look at a book with him. The rest of the time before going to bed, let him play on his own.

It is better to give new and very interesting toys to a child on a day off, since in the evening the child has too little time to play and, not wanting to part with them, will not want to go to bed.

It is desirable to turn the return from the nursery into a walk. It is better, if the distance allows, to walk with the child. There is no need to rush though. Let him stay in the air longer. Being among other children during the day, he is somewhat overexcited, and a walk will be a relaxation for him.

The approximate daily routine of a child from 2 to 3 years.

Good afternoon, dear readers! Do I need a daily routine with two children? Is it real? How to organize it? What are the benefits of a daily routine?

Why is this needed?

Of course, not all mothers need a clear regimen. It seems to me that with one child it can be even easier to live without any plan. Just look at the mood of the baby, navigate the situation ... Much depends on the nature of the mother, her love for stability or spontaneity.

But when a woman has more children, and everyone lives in their own regime ... A well-designed daily routine can greatly facilitate mother's everyday life! Definitely not always. But often!

If you have young children, your schedule will be very flexible. No one can force the baby to sleep from 11 to 12 o'clock. Or eat clearly 20 minutes. Some unplanned incidents always happen with peanuts.

You can even have multiple mode options. For example, the first - if the child falls asleep from 12 to 14. The second - if from 14 to 16. And the third - if he refuses to sleep during the day at all.

Your day may depend on the weather outside, on the mood of the baby, and of course, on the planned trips.

Daily routine benefits:

1. You think in advance how to fit all the necessary things into your ordinary day. And find the best way.
2. You know exactly when you will have time for each of the children, for household chores and for yourself. And if the schedule is adequate enough, you will have time for everything.
3. A routine will prevent you from getting too carried away with cleaning or doing activities with one of the children to the detriment of everything else.
4. Many women feel more relaxed when they have everything planned out.
5. Often children get used to the regime, it is easier for them to go to bed at the same time, it is easier to put up with their mother's affairs when they are always at the same time ... And the kids will know that you will definitely play with them. At the certain time.
6. In my opinion, the habit of living by a routine is a good habit. And it is easiest to develop it from childhood.

How to make a daily routine?

Perhaps the most difficult thing is to choose the right daily routine for yourself. So that it is real to you. And not just real, so that it is comfortable for you. Here you need to experiment a lot, listen to yourself ...

In my opinion, the ideal day is when your pace was intense enough, you managed a lot, but at the same time did not tire yourself out. In the evening there should not be much fatigue. There shouldn't be any running around. Your life should be not only productive, but also comfortable.

No one can make such a routine for you. Only you know your children, your situation and the amount of your cases. But I can give some advice:

• First, write down what exactly do you want to do in a day? Ideally? Cooking, studying with a senior in a book, taking a walk, reading a book? First, make this list, and then decide - is it too much for one day? Maybe some points need to be alternated with each other?
• First of all, mark in your regimen the time of daytime sleep of children, if any.
• Now arrange your affairs in the daily routine. But so that you constantly alternate: household chores, activities with children, time for yourself. Again, household chores, etc.
• Be sure to plan small breaks throughout the day -. At least 10 minutes.
• Try to make sure that children alternate active games with "sedentary" activities. Mental stress and relaxation alternated.
• Try to understand when your children are in the best mood? In the morning? Or a little later? Schedule your main homework or rest for this time.
• Think about it, maybe it makes sense to shift the time of sleep somewhere? Sometimes this solves several problems.

Our mode

Our daily routine is constantly changing. Until the year he was almost gone, since the youngest son was completely unpredictable. He could fall asleep in the afternoon at 8 am. And could - at 12. Could oversleep an hour, but could - 10 minutes. It was hard enough for me.

But after a year our day became quite stable. After much experimentation, we found the perfect time to walk. The perfect time to go to bed. We found out that you can find a more convenient time for your son to sleep at night ...

And now our day looks like this:
6:30 a.m. – Wake up the kids (I get up earlier myself)
7:00 – Breakfast
7:30-8:30 – Cleaning
8:30-9:00 – Games with children
9:00 a.m. - Prepare dinner or continue to play with the children, alternating active play with storytelling
10:00 - I put my son to bed.
10:30-11:30 Part of the dream he sleeps without a breast - I work out with my daughter. Part of the dream is on the chest (resting).
11:30 - Lunch
12:00 – Relaxed games
13:00-14:00 - Walk. It's winter now, we walk for an hour and a half, depending on the weather
15:00 - Cooking food
16:00 - I play with children, we are engaged in creativity
17:00 - My break
17:30 - Dinner
18:00 - I start putting my son to bed
18:30 - Wash with my daughter, evening treatments
19:00 - I listen to lectures, rocking my daughter or giving her a massage.
19:30 - When my daughter fell asleep (between 19 and 20) - my time. I read books or write articles.
21:30 - I go to bed

At the moment, my daughter is 3.4 years old, my son is 1.4. I think in six months our regime may change beyond recognition. And that's okay.

When is it more convenient without a mode?

Of course, sometimes it is better to prefer the spontaneous option. For example, if:

• you can't stand any rules and regulations;
• children are too unpredictable;
• your lifestyle is very spontaneous. You love to get together unexpectedly and go somewhere. Unexpectedly start a general cleaning. Or a big game for half a day;
• you have time for everything, the modes of children do not conflict with each other, you are so comfortable.

And the last addition: regularly arrange days of rest for yourself. When you do nothing... Just live.

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At the age of 2 years, the child has his own preferences and tastes. This is no longer the helpless baby that his parents saw a year ago. He grew up and learned a lot. Child psychologists note that this is the time of the age crisis, from which the baby will come out more mature and emotionally settled. It is important for mom and dad to constantly assess his current condition, come to the rescue in time and create conditions that will maximize his full and comprehensive development. Daily routine is one of them. How much sleep should a two year old baby sleep? How to properly organize his waking hours and meal schedule?

Sleep of a 2 year old

During sleep, the child restores not only physical, but also psychological strength, copes with emotions, of which there are so many in a small researcher. A sufficient amount of rest is one of the most important conditions for the timely development of the baby. There are pediatric norms, according to which at this age the little one should sleep 12-13 hours a day. Of these, 10–11 hours are for night sleep and 1.5–2.5 for daytime sleep.

When studying norms, it is important for parents to remember that all children are different. Some recover faster, while others take longer. The duration of sleep may depend on the activity of the child, his emotional state, the saturation of waking hours. If the deviation from the above figures is within 1–1.5 hours, this should be taken as a physiological feature.

The criterion for sufficient rest time is the baby's well-being, his cheerfulness and desire to play. If there is not enough sleep, it will definitely show up in a few days or weeks.

If the child is healthy and nothing bothers him, then the night's sleep should not be interrupted. If, nevertheless, the baby wakes up at night, the reason for this may be improperly created conditions for rest.

According to the famous Ukrainian pediatrician Komarovsky E.O., the most common mistake is too high temperature and low humidity in the room where the baby sleeps. When the room is hot and dry, the mucous membranes of his nose and mouth dry up, and he simply wakes up from thirst. If optimal conditions are not created in time, then the desire to drink at night turns into a reflex.

The main thing, in relation to the children's room, is the answer to the question "how to breathe?". There is nothing more harmful to a child, especially in the first months of life, than dry and warm air:
- optimum temperature - 18–20 °С;
- 16 °C is better than 22 °C;
- it is better to have an extra undershirt than the most modern heater;
- in the children's room, no dust accumulators are desirable - carpets, upholstered furniture, soft toys; any items that are inaccessible to wet cleaning.

Pediatrician E. O. Komarovsky

http://articles.komarovskiy.net/son.html

Most pediatricians agree that the following recommendations will help improve nighttime sleep:

• creating a calm environment in the family;
• planning active activities in the morning if the child is very emotional;
• compliance with the regimen and putting the baby to bed at the same hours;
• spending a lot of time outdoors.

What to do if the baby refused daytime sleep?

The age of two years is a turning point. This is manifested literally in everything: the baby begins to act up, try to resist the will of the parents, fight. Sometimes he refuses daytime sleep altogether. There may be several reasons for this.

If the child does not want to go to bed in the evening

The baby may not want to go to bed in the evening for various reasons. American psychologist Alan Fromm classified them.

1. Going to bed is perceived as parting with a favorite pastime or parents.
2. The child sees that adults are still not going to bed and wonders why this is happening.
3. The baby simply did not have the opportunity to get tired.
4. There is a fear of the dark.
5. Sleep refusal is an attempt to manipulate adults.

In order to switch the attention of the child in time and prevent overexcitation before rest, mom and dad need to learn to notice the first signs of fatigue. Among them:

• causeless crying;
• yawn;
• thumb sucking or toys;
• slow movements;
• aggressive actions;
• excessive activity.

As soon as some of these moments begin to appear, it's time to get the baby into a sleepy mood. You can lie down next to the baby and read a book to him, stroke his head or give him a back massage. The child will be pleased to independently choose pajamas, a fairy tale or a toy with which he will go to bed.

Many parents start a certain evening ritual from an earlier age - actions that are repeated every day in the same sequence. It can be a quiet game, picking up toys, a lullaby, wishing good night to all the family, looking out the window of a dark street with a story that all the trees and dogs are already sleeping.

If, despite all efforts, the baby stubbornly does not fall asleep at the set time, you can change the mode a little: make the rise earlier and fill the waking time with more active games.

What to do with a two-year-old toddler while awake?

At the age of two, the main occupation for the child is the study of the world around. This is observing nature, participating in household chores, listening to fairy tales, looking at pictures, putting together puzzles, picking up a designer and much, much more, which adults may not even focus on. It is important to constantly talk with the baby and explain everything to him, support and stimulate his curiosity. Observing what is interesting for the baby, you can add themed toys and manuals, and vice versa, put off those that cause unpleasant emotions.

Walking plays an important role in a child's life. Fresh air is very beneficial for physical condition. And you can diversify the festivities by visiting playgrounds, drawing with crayons, picking up flowers, leaves, chestnuts, acorns, pebbles.

An important rule, some doctors believe that in bad weather, the duration of being in the fresh air should be reduced, but not cancel the walk at all.

It is better to go outside for the first time before dinner - the baby will work up a good appetite and sleep, and in the second - shortly before a night's rest. This walk can be made less active, so that before going to bed the nervous system calms down and there is no emotional tension.

All the processes that excite the child, such as active games, developmental activities or swimming in the pool, are best done in the morning. Firstly, the little one has not yet got tired during the day, and secondly, before the night's sleep, the emotional balance will have time to normalize. But the time of bathing depends on what effect it has on the baby. For most children, this procedure is soothing, so it is part of the ritual before going to rest in the evening. But sometimes it works the other way around: the child actively plays in the bathroom and gets very excited. Such children can be bathed after a daytime sleep.

Diet at 2 years old

How many times should a child eat at 2 years old? Some doctors believe that four meals a day is enough: breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner. Others recommend adding a second breakfast to these meals. The guideline should be this: if the baby eats with appetite at lunch, then second breakfast will not hurt.

Starting from about two years old, children are characterized by greater selectivity in matters of food: food addictions are formed, favorite foods can become hated, and the menu is made up of only a certain set of dishes. If the baby is active and cheerful, he has enough energy, this situation should not cause concern. But if there are any alarming bells or controversial issues, it is better to discuss this with your doctor. Pediatricians say that such an attitude to food is a temporary phenomenon, and if you do not focus a lot of attention on this and do not force the child to eat foods that are “necessary” for parents, this will pass.

Here are some tips to help you develop healthy eating habits:

• choose products in the store with your child;
• let the baby "help" you prepare food: mix the salad or add the right ingredients to it;
• give the baby a “choice without a choice”: instead of asking “Will you eat zucchini?” ask "Would you like zucchini or broccoli?";
• decorate dishes beautifully, because it is more interesting to eat, for example, a mushroom from an egg than just an egg;
• eliminate small snacks of apple, cookies, juice, yogurt, etc. between main meals.

The daily diet of the child should include meat, fruits, vegetables, cereals, dairy products. This ratio is considered optimal: for every 4 grams of carbohydrates, there should be 1 gram of proteins and fats.

1. Carbohydrates - cereals, vegetables, fruits, bread.
2. Proteins - meat (including poultry and offal), dairy products, fish, eggs.
3. Fats - butter and vegetable oils, fat from animal products.

It is important to adhere to such recommendations, but without fanaticism. It must be remembered that the baby enters the first age crisis at about 2 years old. He begins to realize himself as a person and test the limits of his abilities. Therefore, "I do not want!" and I will not!" most parents hear very often. It is important to distract the child from such manifestations of "adulthood", gently insisting on his own, because it is very important to follow a diet. Firstly, it allows the baby to get hungry at the right time. And secondly, the main regime of the day and such an important component of it as daytime sleep depend on the feeding schedule.

Approximate daily routine for a two-year-old child

The daily routine of a two-year-old baby is noticeably different from an earlier age. Wake time increases: about 5.5 hours between night and daytime sleep, about 6 hours after daytime rest before bedtime. If parents plan to send their child to kindergarten soon, then it makes sense to arrange the regime in such a way that it is easier for the baby to adapt to the new rhythm.

A month or two before starting kindergarten, find out how the day is organized in a preschool educational institution and gradually adapt the daily routine to it.

If parents share the opinion of some modern psychologists and are not going to send the baby to kindergarten early, the regimen can be slightly shifted in a way that is convenient from an “adult” point of view. The main thing is to observe the main components: the time of sleep and wakefulness, walks.

Approximate daily routine of a child depending on attending kindergarten - table

If the child attends kindergarten	If the child does not attend kindergarten	Schedule
7:30–8:00	8:30–9:00	Rise, wash
8:00–8:30	9:00	Breakfast
8:30–11:00	9:30–12:00	Active games, developing activities, a walk on the street
11:00–12:00	12:00–13:30	Quiet games, reading books
12:00	13:30	Dinner
12:30–15:00	14:00–16:00	daytime sleep
15:30	16:30–17:00	afternoon tea
16:00–19:30	17:00–21:00	Games, walk in the street
19:30	21:00	Dinner
20:00–21:00	21:30–22:00	Bathing, ritual before going to bed
21:00	22:00	Dream

How to help your child learn to follow a daily routine

First of all, the mode involves getting up and going to bed at the same time. You need to go to bed in the evening no later than 22 hours - this will allow you to fully recover, which is important for the nervous system. Active games will help the child throw out energy, and short developmental activities will gradually begin to prepare the baby for mental stress. Walks in the fresh air greatly affect the quality of rest, so you should try to go outside even in not very good weather.

When drawing up a daily routine, it is necessary to take into account the temperament of the baby. In more active children, the period of wakefulness may last less than in calm ones. If, when adjusting the time of going to bed, parents have to wake up the child, this should be done carefully, taking into account the phases of sleep.

Scientists distinguish two main phases of sleep: slow and fast. The first is a smooth transition from falling asleep to deep sleep, in which the baby will not wake up, even if you pick him up. And in the second, the toddler is active - the eyeballs move, the arms and legs can twitch, the pulse and breathing are unstable. When the child is in this phase, it is impossible to wake him up - this is too sharp a jump, because of which he can be capricious and not get enough sleep.

There is no need to play active games right before a night's sleep. After an evening walk, you can take time to read books, look at pictures, draw or sculpt. It is important to ensure that there is enough calcium-rich foods in the baby's diet. The fact is that at this time there is an active process of bone growth, and some also have teeth. This requires a lot of minerals, the lack of which can manifest itself in increased nervous excitability.

During the establishment of the regime, the situation in the house should be as calm as possible: it is better not to invite guests for some time, and also to avoid conflicts. If active activities are unavoidable, they should be scheduled in the morning.

As a result of a properly organized daily routine, the baby's immune system becomes less susceptible, adaptation to new conditions is easier, and the concept of self-discipline is laid.

Komarovsky about the daily routine of the child - video

At 2 years old, the development of the child occurs at an accelerated pace. It changes almost every day. This can be accompanied by mood swings, sleep disturbances, whims. Parents need to stock up on great patience and selfless love, and then the baby will successfully overcome this stage of growing up.