How to make an IR remote switch. Do-it-yourself optical contactless light switch. Types of remote control
The proposed device is designed to turn on and off (including remotely) incandescent lamps, heaters and other devices powered from a 220 V household network and representing a purely active load with a power of up to 500 W. The circuit diagram of the switch is shown in Fig. 1.
An alternating voltage of 220 V is supplied through fuse FU1 to a power unit assembled from elements VD3, VD4, SZ, C5, C7, R7 and R9. A stabilized voltage of 5 V from capacitor C5 powers the microcontroller DD1 and photodetector B1. The microcontroller, operating according to a program recorded in it, analyzes the signals coming from the photodetector to input RB5 and from the SB1 button to input RB1, as well as from the zero-phase mains voltage sensor (resistor R6, diodes VD1, VD2) to input RA1. The microcontroller controls the triac VS1 and the LED HL1 with the signals generated at the outputs RB0 and RB4, respectively. The switch changes its state to the opposite each time you press the SB1 button or the remote control button. Two program options are offered. Working according to the first of them (file irs_v110.hex), the microcontroller remembers the current state of the switch and, in the event of a temporary shutdown of the mains voltage, restores this state when its supply is restored. When using the second version of the program (file irs_v111.hex), restoration of voltage in the network always switches the switch to the off state. The HL1 LED lights up when the load circuit is open. This is convenient when controlling lighting fixtures. The diagram of the switch remote control is shown in Fig. 2.
It is powered by two AAA galvanic cells. When you press the SB1 button, a pulse generator with a duration of about 18 ms, assembled on logic elements DD1.1 and DD1.2, starts working. These pulses control a pulse generator with a frequency of 36 kHz on elements DD1.3, DD1.4. Packs of pulses from the output of this generator are supplied to the gate of transistor VT1, in the drain circuit of which an IR emitting diode VD1 is connected. Setting up the remote control comes down to setting the generator on elements DD1.3, DD1.4 to a frequency of 36 kHz (the resonant frequency of the photodetector B1 in the switch) by selecting resistor R4. When properly configured, the maximum range of the remote control of the circuit breaker is achieved. The circuit board of the switch is shown in fig. 3.
The VT137-600 triac is installed on a heat sink made of an aluminum plate with dimensions of 65x15x1 mm. A replacement for this triac can be selected from among similar devices of the VT136, VT138 series. The BZV85C5V6 zener diode is replaced by another small-sized one with a stabilization voltage of 5.6 V, for example KS156G. Instead of the TSOP1736 photodetector, another one used in remote control systems for televisions and other household electronic devices will be suitable. The central frequency of the passband of such a photodetector can lie in the range of 30...56 kHz, so the remote control will have to be adjusted to this frequency. If it is necessary to expand the sensitivity zone of the switch in the horizontal plane, instead of one photodetector, you can install two, pointing them in different directions. In this case, pins 1 and 2 of the two photodetectors are connected directly in parallel, and pin 3 is connected through resistors with a nominal value of 1 kOhm. The common point of the resistors is connected to pin 3 of block X1, and resistor R3 in the switch is replaced with a jumper. The printed circuit board of the remote control is made according to the drawing shown in Fig. 4.
Here, any IR emitting diode from the remote control of a household electrical appliance can be used as VD1. It is not advisable to replace the HEF4011 chip with a similar domestic K561LA7. When the supply voltage is low, it operates unstable. In Fig. Figure 5 shows the appearance of the switch and remote control boards.
Radio No. 5, 2009
List of radioelements
| Designation | Type | Denomination | Quantity | Note | Shop | My notepad | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Switch diagram | |||||||
| DD1 | MK PIC 8-bit | PIC16F628A | 1 | To notepad | |||
| VD1, VD2 | Diode | KD522B | 2 | To notepad | |||
| VD3 | Rectifier diode | 1N4007 | 1 | To notepad | |||
| VD4 | Zener diode | BZV85-C5V6 | 1 | KS156G | To notepad | ||
| VS1 | Triac | BT137-600 | 1 | To notepad | |||
| C1 | 47 µF 10 V | 1 | To notepad | ||||
| C2 | Capacitor | 0.022uF | 1 | To notepad | |||
| C3 | Capacitor | 0.1uF | 1 | To notepad | |||
| C4, C6 | Capacitor | 22 pF | 2 | To notepad | |||
| C5 | electrolytic capacitor | 470 µF 16 V | 1 | To notepad | |||
| C7 | Capacitor | 0.47 µF 630 V | 1 | To notepad | |||
| R1, R5 | Resistor | 10 kOhm | 2 | To notepad | |||
| R2 | Resistor | 220 Ohm | 1 | To notepad | |||
| R3 | Resistor | 1 kOhm | 1 | To notepad | |||
| R4, R8 | Resistor | 100 Ohm | 2 | To notepad | |||
| R6 | Resistor | 4.7 MOhm | 1 | 0.5 W | To notepad | ||
| R7 | Resistor | 47 Ohm | 1 | 1 W | To notepad | ||
| R9 | Resistor | 300 kOhm | 1 | 0.5 W | To notepad | ||
| IN 1 | Photodetector | TSOP1736 | 1 | To notepad | |||
| HL1 | Light-emitting diode | AL307BM | 1 | To notepad | |||
| ZQ1 | Quartz | 4 MHz | 1 | To notepad | |||
| FU1 | Fuse | 5 A | 1 | To notepad | |||
| SB1 | Button | 1 | To notepad | ||||
| X1 | Connector | 1 | To notepad | ||||
| X2 | Connector | 1 | To notepad | ||||
| Circuit breaker remote control | |||||||
| DD1 | Chip | HEF4011 | 1 | To notepad | |||
| VT1 | Field-effect transistor | KP505A | 1 | To notepad | |||
| C1 | electrolytic capacitor | 100 µF 6.3 V | 1 | To notepad | |||
| C2 | Capacitor | 0.047 µF | 1 | To notepad | |||
| C3 | Capacitor | 47 pF | 1 | ||||
IR remote control has invaded daily life and saves our time significantly. Unfortunately, not all electrical appliances, in particular light switches, are equipped with remote controls. The proposed device will help make their management more convenient.
The switch is controlled using an IR pulse transmitter (remote control), upon command of which the lighting lamp that is turned off at the moment of its application will be turned on, and vice versa. The device has an additional IR transmitter built into it, which eliminates the need to constantly carry the remote control with you or waste time searching for it. It is enough to bring your hand to the switch at a distance of approximately ten centimeters and it will work.
The switch reacts to pulsed infrared radiation without deciphering the code contained in it. Therefore, any remote control from an imported or domestic electronic device (for example, a TV) will do, and you can press the button of any command. You can also make a homemade remote control, for example, according to the scheme given in the article by Yu. Vinogradov “IR sensor in a security alarm” (Radio, 1996, No. 7, p. 42, Fig. 2). There you can also find a drawing of the printed circuit board and recommendations for manufacturing the device.
The diagram of the simplest version of the control panel is shown in fig. 1. This is a pulse generator using transistors of different structures, the load of which is an AL147A IK range emitting diode. The generator is powered by three or four galvanic cells, the command is given by briefly pressing the SB 1 button.
The switch circuit is shown in fig. 2. The IR pulse receiver is assembled according to a circuit similar to that used in the control units of the Rubin and Temp TVs. An amplifier of pulses is assembled on transistors VT1 - VT4, into which the photodiode VD1 - FD265 or any other sensitive to IR rays converts the received IR radiation. Next, the received signal passes through an active filter with a double T-bridge, assembled on a VT5 transistor. The filter eliminates interference from lighting lamps, the radiation of which covers the IR region of the spectrum and is modulated by double the frequency of the alternating current network. The sometimes possible self-excitation of this filter is eliminated by replacing the transistor with another one, with a lower h21E value.
(click to enlarge)
The filtered signal, having passed through the amplifier-limiter on transistor VT6 and element DD1.1, goes to the drive (diode VD4 and circuit R19C12). The parameters of the storage elements are selected in such a way that capacitor C12 manages to charge to the activation level of element DD1.2 in only three to six received pulses. This prevents the switch from being triggered by single light pulses: photographic flash lamps, lightning discharges. Discharging capacitor C12 takes 1...2 s.
The node based on logic elements DD1.2, DD1.3, DD1.6, thanks to feedback through capacitor C13, generates pulses with steep level changes that arrive at the counting input of trigger DD2. With each of them, the trigger changes state. At log. 1 at pin 1 of the trigger open transistors VT9, VT10 and trinistor VS1. The EL1 lamp circuit is closed, the lighting is on. The glow of the two-color LED HL1 is green. Otherwise (log. 1 at pin 2 of the trigger), the lighting is turned off, the HL1 LED glows red. The trigger pulse generated by the C19R24 circuit leads to the same state. This eliminates the spontaneous switching on of lighting after a power outage.
The built-in IR transmitter - a pulse generator with a frequency of 30...35 Hz assembled on elements DD1.4, DD1.5 - allows you to use the switch without having a remote control in your hands. The emitting diode BI1 is installed next to the photodiode VD1, but separated from it by a light-proof partition. The radiation of the diode BI1 is directed in the direction from which the photodiode receives it. The switch must be triggered by IR pulses from the built-in transmitter, reflected from the palm brought at a distance of 5...20 cm. The power of the emitted pulses required for this is set by changing the value of the resistor R20.
(click to enlarge)
Electronic technologies cover a wide range of household areas. There are practically no restrictions. Even the simplest functions of a household lamp lamp switch are now increasingly performed by touch devices, rather than technologically outdated manual ones.
Electronic devices, as a rule, are included in the category of complex structures. Meanwhile, building a touch switch with your own hands, as practice shows, is not at all difficult. Minimal experience in designing electronic devices is quite enough for this.
We suggest you understand the structure, functionality and connection rules of such a switch. For DIY enthusiasts, we have prepared three working diagrams for assembling a smart device that can be implemented at home.
The term “sensory” carries a fairly broad definition. In fact, it should be considered a whole group of sensors capable of responding to a wide variety of signals.
However, in relation to switches - devices endowed with the functionality of switches, the sensory effect is most often considered as an effect obtained from the energy of the electrostatic field.
This is approximately how we should consider the design of a light switch, created on the basis of a sensor mechanism. A light touch of the fingertip to the surface of the front panel turns on the lighting in the house
An ordinary user just needs to touch such a contact field with his fingers and in response he will receive the same switching result as a standard familiar keyboard device.
Meanwhile, the internal structure of sensor equipment differs significantly from a simple manual switch.
Typically, such a design is built on the basis of four working units:
- protective panel;
- contact sensor-sensor;
- electronic board;
- device body.
The variety of sensor-based devices is extensive. Models with the functions of conventional switches are available. And there are more advanced developments - with brightness controls, monitoring the ambient temperature, raising the blinds on the windows and others.
There are traditional characteristics here, such as:
- silent operation;
- interesting design;
- safe use.
In addition to all this, another useful feature is added - a built-in timer. With its help, the user is able to control the switch programmatically. For example, set on and off times in a certain time range.
Rules for connecting the device
The technology for installing such devices, despite the perfection of the designs, has remained traditional, as is provided for standard light switches.
Typically, there are two terminal contacts on the back of the product body - input and load. They are indicated on foreign-made devices with the markers “L-in” and “L-load”.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
This review allows you to take a closer look at light switches, which are quickly gaining popularity in society.
Touch switches marked with the Livolo product brand - what these designs are and how attractive they are to the end user. A video guide to the new type of switches will help you get answers to the questions:
Concluding the topic of touch switches, it is worth noting the active development in the development and production of switches for household and industrial use.
Light switches, seemingly the simplest designs, are so advanced that now you can control the light with a voice code phrase and at the same time receive complete information about the state of the atmosphere inside the room.
Do you have anything to add or have questions about assembling the touch switch? You can leave comments on the publication, participate in discussions and share your own experience of using such devices. The contact form is located in the lower block.
This remote control system (CRY) allows you to use infrared (IR) rays from a distance of up to five meters to switch TV programs in a ring, adjust the volume up and down, and turn off the TV when you finish watching programs. The system has 16 levels of volume control and eight program switch positions. The unit installed in the TV is powered by the 12V power source of the TV, so the TV is turned on using its switch from which the latch is removed, and turned off using the remote control.The schematic diagram of the control panel is shown in Figure 1. The remote control consists of a rectangular clock generator, a counter with a variable division coefficient, a control device for this counter, and an output stage with an infrared LED at the output.
The clock generator is made on elements D1.1 and D1.2 of the K561LE5 microcircuit. Items are included to operate in inverter mode. Pulse repetition frequency 1 kHz. Since the switching voltage of CMOS elements is not equal to half the supply voltage, a correction circuit R1VD1 was introduced in the generator to balance the shape of the output pulses.
The generator pulses are supplied to the input of binary counter 02, which is turned on to operate in countdown mode. The counter has the ability to block the clock generator with a negative pulse from its carry output “P”. At the same time, pulses from the output of the clock generator are supplied to the output amplifier, at the output of which the infrared emitter VD8 is turned on.
The principle of operation of the circuit is that counter D2 limits the number of pulses at the output of the generator to one, two, four or eight, according to the high preset inputs of the counter. In this way, packets of pulses of four types are formed, which include four commands: “programs”, “volume -”, “volume +” and “shutdown”.
The scheme works like this. In the initial state, the counter transfer output is logical zero, which blocks the clock generator through diode VD2. When you press one of the buttons, for example the SA3 button, the input of preset counter 4 is set to one, the code for the number “4” is 0100.
Through one of the diodes VD4-VD7, a logical unit is supplied to a monostable on elements D1.3 and D1.4. This one-shot generates a short positive pulse, the duration of which is significantly less than the time the button is held, which is sent to the input for turning on the preset counter “S” and the number 0100 is recorded in the counter.
At this time, the counter moves from zero to the set value and a logical unit appears at its transfer output “P”, which allows the operation of the clock generator, pulses from it are sent to the output amplifier at VT1 and VT2 and to the counting input of the counter.
The counter counts downwards, and after four pulses it goes back to the zero state, the zero from its transfer output blocks the clock generator and the circuit, having transmitted one command, goes into the waiting mode for the next press of one of the buttons. Thus, each time you press one of the buttons, one packet is transmitted, which changes the position of the controls by one step, or by one program.
The circuit of the actuator is shown in Figure 2. Any photodetector can be used, but it provides negative pulses at its output.
The actuator consists of an information pulse former and a command end signal, an information pulse counter, a command pulse register-decoder, a program switching counter-decoder, a reversible volume control and a TV power switch.
The information pulse generator is made of elements D1.1 and D1.2, resistor R1 and capacitor C1. The device has the properties of an integrating circuit and a Schmitt trigger. Its output pulses are somewhat delayed relative to the input ones and have steep edges, regardless of the duration of the input pulse edges. In addition, such a shaper suppresses short-duration impulse noise.
The command end signal generator is made of elements D1.3 and D1.4, resistor R2 and diode VD1, capacitor C2. The principle of operation of this shaper is that in the intervals between information pulses C2 does not have time to discharge, and at the end of the sending, the voltage at the input D1.3 reaches a threshold value and it switches like an avalanche to the single state. In this case, its output is one - the signal of the end of the sending.
Pulses from the output of element D1.2 arrive at the counting input D2 and, after the end of the burst, it is set to a state corresponding to the number of pulses in it. In our case, the AZ button was pressed, and the remote control generated four pulses. Counter D2 is set to state "4" (0100). Under the influence of the burst end signal, counter D3, which performs the functions of a register, transfers the code from output D2 to its outputs; in our case, a unit appears at output “4” of D3. This unit is maintained until counter D2 is reset to zero through circuit R3 C2.
Thus, a command pulse appears at the output “4” of counter D3, the duration of which depends on the time constant of circuit R3 C3. In this case, this pulse is supplied to the input of counter D6, which, together with the resistive matrix at its outputs, acts as a volume control. In this case, the volume increases by one step.
To decrease or increase by one more step, you need to press the corresponding button on the remote control. Each time you press the volume control button, the volume changes by one level. When the power is turned on, capacitor C7 sets the regulator to the middle position.
If the volume is reduced to zero and then pressed on the volume down button, thanks to element D1.5, the regulator moves not to the maximum, but to the middle position. Instead of the middle position, you can set the number code of any other step, respectively, by wiring pins 4,12,13,3 of counter D6.
To switch programs, press the first button. A positive pulse from the sixth pin D3 arrives at the counting input D4 and switches the counter D4 to the next position. The code for the number of the enabled program is sent to a binary decimal decoder on the R5 chip, a positive pulse appears at the corresponding output of R5, the duration of which is determined by the parameters of the R5 C5 circuit, which some time after the end of the burst transfers the decoder to an area that is not accessible to the program selection block (programs from 9th to 16th). Switching programs occurs only in one direction in an increasing manner.
To turn off the TV, use the second button. When you turn on the power of the TV, its switches, converted into a button (the lock is removed), supply voltage to the control unit and the counter D3 is set to zero. The zero level from its second output opens the key on VT1 and passes current through relay P, the contacts of which close the wires going to the TV power button.
After this, the button can be released and the TV will remain on. When you turn off the TV from the remote control, a unit appears at pin 11D3, which turns the key into a closed state, the relay contacts open and the TV turns off.
The connection diagram for the receiving unit (Fig. 2) is shown in Figure 3 for the Rainbow 61 TC-311 TV.
The switch is controlled using a standard TV remote control. Using this remote control, you can turn the light on and off, as well as adjust the brightness of the lamp from zero to maximum in eight steps. The size of each stage depends on the settings of the control matrix (by adjusting three variable resistors).
At the moment of power supply, the switch is set to zero - off state. To turn on the lamp, you press any button on the remote control and hold it pressed until the required brightness is achieved. To turn off the light, you again need to press any button on the remote control and hold it pressed until the light goes out.
The circuit diagram of the switch is shown in the figure.
How light control works
The lighting lamp is controlled by a power regulator on the A1 chip - KR1183PM1. This microcircuit is widely known to radio amateurs. Let me remind you that it allows you to adjust the power (brightness) of a lamp up to 150W by changing the resistance between its pins 6 and 3.
At the moment of supplying power to the circuit, circuit C2-R3 sets the binary counter D1 to zero. At the outputs of inverters D2, the number code “7” is obtained. All three transistors VT1-VT3 are open and the resistance between pins 6 and 3 of A1 is minimal. For the KR1182PM1 microcircuit, this is a signal to turn off the lamp.
To turn on the lamp, you need to press any of the buttons on a standard TV remote control (not lower than RC-4). The system does not distinguish between remote control commands, it only counts the total number of pulses transmitted by it. When a remote control signal is received, pulses are generated at the output of the integrated photodetector F1, which are counted by counter D1.
The average frequency of these pulses is about 300 Hz (for different remote controls and different commands it may differ within certain limits). As a result of counting these pulses, the state of the three outputs of counter D1 indicated in the diagram changes in eight steps (from 000 to 111).
Accordingly, the combination of open and closed transistors VT1-VT3 changes, and the resulting resistance between pins 6 and 3 of A1 changes. By adjusting resistors R7, R8, R9, you can set any brightness control law and adjustment limits.
The logic circuit and the photodetector are powered from the mains via a transformerless source R1-VD1-C1-VD3-VD2-R11. The voltage is stabilized by a zener diode VD3 at 5V.
Details
Capacitor C6 must be designed for a voltage of at least 360V. All other capacitors must be designed for a voltage of at least 10V (this also applies to capacitors C4 and C5, although they are in contact with the mains, the voltage on them is low).
Electrolytic capacitors of types K50-35, K50-16 or similar imported. Capacitor C6 type K73-17, K73-24, or another, designed for operation in the electrical network. The remaining capacitors are of any type, for example, K10-7, KM, KS or imported.
The KS147A zener diode must be in a metal case. It can be replaced with another zener diode with a voltage of about 5V, and if the zener diode is in a glass case, you need to take two of them and connect them in parallel (to increase the reliability of the power system).
A metal case is preferable, as it acts as a kind of heat sink. Glass is more susceptible to failure from overheating. Or you can use some imported zener diode of higher power.
KD243D diodes can be replaced with KD209, KD105, KD247, or other medium or low power rectifiers capable of operating at a voltage of at least 300V.
The K561IE16 counter can be replaced with another CMOS counter with a weighting coefficient of the highest output not lower than 2048. For example, K561IE20. You can also use imported analogs - CD4020 (K561IE16) or CD4040 (K561IE20).
The K561LA7 chip can be replaced with any other CMOS chip that has at least three inverters. For example, K561LE5, K561LA9, K561LE10, K561LN2 or K176 series, or an imported analogue. Transistors KT503 - with any letter index. Instead of SFH506-38, you can use any similar integrated photodetector.
Permanent resistors of types S1-4, S2-24, BC, S2-33, MLT or imported analogues, in general, resistors - any, not wire-based, according to the power indicated on the diagram.
Tuned resistors R7-R9 types SP3-38, RP1-63, SPZ-19 or imported. However, the same goes for any non-wire ones.
Settings
Tuning consists of adjusting resistors R7-R9 so as to obtain the desired adjustment characteristic and adjustment limits.
