Biography. Pyatakov, Leonid Leonidovich "Broken with the criminal past"

Lesson 1. Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George (Why is St. George called the Victorious?) I. Today we celebrate the memory of the holy, glorious Great Martyr and Victorious George. He was a Roman warrior at the end of the 3rd century. Its advantages are internal and external, especially

Born in 1890 in the family of the director of the sugar factory of the Brothers Yakhnenko and Simirenko company in the Kyiv province, industrial engineer Leonid Timofeevich Pyatakov (1847-1915). Since 1902, a student at the Kyiv Real School of St. Catherine. In 1904 he joined the Social Democratic circle. In 1905 he took part in the student movement and was expelled. During the First Russian Revolution, he took an active part in the revolutionary movement in Kyiv and headed a circle of anarchists. In 1907 he graduated from a real school in Kyiv as an external student. Then he studied at the economics department of the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University, in 1910 he was expelled after the third year. In the same year he joined the RSDLP, a Bolshevik. Since April 1912 (after the arrest of E. Bosch) secretary of the Kyiv Committee of the RSDLP. He was arrested several times and spent a year and a half in exile in the Irkutsk province, in the village of Usolye.

They did not want to study peacefully and comradely. They turned up their noses. Let them go to hell! I will punch them in the face and make them look like fools in front of the whole world.

Revolution and Civil War

After the civil war. In opposition

Since 1920 - at economic work. From November 1920 to December 1921 - head of the Central Administration of the Donbass Coal Industry, chairman of the Main Concession Committee. In 1921-1923 - candidate member of the Central Committee of the RCP (b). Since March 1922 - Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Committee.

In the post of Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR, V.I. Lenin assigned the following functions to G.L. Pyatakov:

"G. L. PYATAKOV 25/IX.

Comrade Pyatakov! Here is a rough transcript of our conversation yesterday. 1) Comrade Pyatakov is entrusted with the organization (and military-style tightening) of the Gosplan apparatus itself (or the apparatus of the Gosplan itself); mainly through the executive manager. Do this yourself for about half an hour a day maximum.

2) Comrade Pyatakov’s main task: a) checking the national plan, primarily the economic one, from the point of view primarily of the apparatus as a whole, b) reducing the apparatus, including our trusts, c) checking the proportionality of different parts of the state apparatus, d) working to reduce the cost of the state apparatus according to the type of American trust: unproductive expenses - down.”

In 1923-1927 - member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In 1923-1927 - Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council of the USSR. He drew up an order for the Supreme Economic Council dated July 16, 1923, which instructed trusts and syndicates to sell goods at prices that ensure the highest profits. As a result, state industrial enterprises raised prices to such a height that a sales crisis broke out in a country with a shortage of goods in the fall of 1923 (see Price Scissors (1923)). Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council A.I. Rykov performed the functions of the ill Lenin and ran the Supreme Economic Council nominally, so he did not pay attention to this order. The order led to severe criticism of Pyatakov in the government, so he was not considered as a possible chairman of the Supreme Economic Council. Rykov said: “You must always keep an eye on him, otherwise he will break all the dishes.” In February 1924, the post of chairman of the Supreme Economic Council was taken by F. E. Dzerzhinsky, who appointed the right-wing communist M. K. Vladimirov as his other deputy in order to moderate Pyatakov.

American engineer John Littlepage, who worked for 10 years in the USSR in 1927-1937, in his book “In Search of Soviet Gold” cites facts of sabotage in industry that could not have occurred without Pyatakov’s knowledge (unavailable link) Parallel anti-Soviet Trotskyist center." The trial was public and took place in the Hall of Columns in the presence of foreign correspondents.

In July 1988 he was rehabilitated. In December 1988, by decision of the CPC under the CPSU Central Committee, he was reinstated in the party (posthumously).

Georgy Leonidovich Pyatakov

Pyatakov in his youth.

"Breaked with the criminal past"

Pyatakov Georgy (Yuri) Leonidovich (08/06/1890, Maryinsky sugar factory, Cherkassy district, Kyiv province - 02/01/1937, Moscow), party leader. Son of a factory manager. He studied at the Faculty of Economics of St. Petersburg University (expelled in 1910). While studying at the school, he participated in the revolutionary movement in Kyiv in 1905-07, an anarchist. In 1910 he joined the RSDLP, a Bolshevik. Since 1912, secretary of the Kyiv Committee of the RSDLP. He was arrested several times. In Oct. 1914 fled from exile to Switzerland. Since 1915 together with IN AND. Lenin edited the magazine "Communist". After the February Revolution he returned to Russia. Since April 1917 member. then prev. Kyiv Committee of the RSDLP, member of the Kyiv Council. He opposed Lenin's "April Theses". In Oct. 1917 prev. Kyiv Revolutionary Committee. From November 1917 deputy, from December:. 1917 to early March 1918 chief commissioner of the State Bank, one of the leaders of the “left communists”, opponent of making peace with Germany. During the Civil War before. Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine (1918). Since 1920 he led the restoration of Donbass, deputy. prev State Planning Committee of the RSFSR, prev. Main Concession Committee. Opponent of the introduction of NEP. Since 1923 deputy prev VSNKh. In 1923-27 and 1930-36, member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In “Letter to the Congress” V.I. Lenin characterized Pyatakov this way: “Too keen on administration and the administrative side of things to be relied upon in a serious political matter.” After Lenin's death he came out in support L.D. Trotsky against , I.V. Stalin . In 1927 trade representative in France. He “repented” and became an active supporter of Stalin’s line. Since 1928 deputy , during which he said that “he considered the appointment as a prosecutor as a huge trust of the Central Committee and went for it with all his heart,” at the same time Pyatakov “asked to provide him with any form of rehabilitation, in particular, for his part, he makes a proposal to allow him to personally shoot all those sentenced to death on process, including his ex-wife." 12.9.1936 arrested. As one of the main accused, brought to trial in the case of the “Parallel Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center”, sentenced to death on January 30, 1937. In his last word he said: “Do not deprive me of one thing, citizens of the judge. Do not deprive me of the right to consciousness that in your eyes, even if it is too late, I found the strength to break with my criminal past.” Shot. In 1988 he was rehabilitated.

Materials used from the book: Zalessky K.A. Stalin's Empire. Biographical encyclopedic dictionary. Moscow, Veche, 2000

Ordzhonikidze, Budyonny, Pyatakov, Lakoba.

In the revolution of 1917

PYATAKOV Georgy (Yuri) Leonidovich (August 6, 1890, Maryinsky Sugar Factory, Cherkasy district, Kyiv province, - January 30, 1937, Moscow). From the family of a plant manager and industrial engineer. Students of the real school participated in the events of the Revolution of 1905-07 in Kyiv; joined the anarchists. In 1907-10, a student of economics. Faculty of Petersburg university: in 1910 he became a student. Social-Democrats organization: in the same year he was expelled from the university for roaring. activity. Upon returning to Kyiv from 1911 member, from 1912 sec. Kyiv branch of the RSDLP. Having previously been arrested several times, he was arrested again in 1912: in 1914, together with E.B. Bosch. who became his wife, were exiled to Irkutsk province, from where in October. this year they fled and moved through Japan to Switzerland. Since 1915 Pyatakov, in collaboration with V.I. Lenin edited by J. "Communist". In a dispute with Lenin, Pyatakov, Bosch and N.I. Bukharin

After Feb. revolution of 1917, he returned from Norway to Russia, but was arrested at the border because of a false passport, transported to Petrograd, then to Kyiv. Involved in the work of the Kyiv committee of the RSDLP. On March 23, he made a report “On the platform of the Central Committee and the party meeting convened on March 28”; On March 28, the committee approved the platform developed by Pyatakov, which stated: “Development produces, the strength and social power of the proletariat have not reached the level in Russia at which the working class can carry out a social revolution. The establishment of a social system, which is the final the goal of all our activities is therefore not included in the number of tasks facing us in the course of the ongoing revolution" ("Chronicle of the Revolution", 1931, No. 4, p. 151). 2 Apr. at a meeting of the Kyiv Committee of the RSDLP when discussing the issue of convening the Ukrainian. national Congress of Ukrainian Representatives parties and societies, organizations proposed “...to launch a persistent attack against the separatist movement, which is like a knife in the back of the revolutionary movement” (ibid., p. 157); emphasized that the Social-Democrats there, s.

denied the importance of national state and the importance of the national decision. question.
“Chairman: I just can’t bridle this red devil.”
(Left - Pyatakov, right - Kosior)
RGASPI. F. 74. Op. 2. D. 170. L. 30.
Drawing from the site http://www.idf.ru/ - Cartoons V.Mezhlauka .

Personally, I would shoot...

Pyatakov Georgy Leonidovich (1890, Maryinsky Sugar Factory, Kyiv Province - 1937, Moscow) - Sov. desk and state activist Genus. in the family of a sugar factory manager. Twice expelled from the Kyiv Real School of St. Catherine: in 1905 for leading a “student uprising”, in 1907 for a “daring argument” with a priest. He was an active member of anarchist circles. In 1907 he entered the economics department of St. Petersburg University and joined the student social democratic organization. In 1910 he was expelled for participating in university riots. He was arrested several times. In 1914, exiled to Irkutsk province, he fled through Japan to Switzerland, where, in collaboration with V.I. Lenin edited the journal. "Communist". After the February revolution. 1917 returned to Petrograd, then moved to Kyiv, heading the city committee of the RSDLP (b). Opposed the "April Theses" , not believing in the possibility of social. roar After the victory of the October Uprising, he was summoned by Lenin to Petrograd and appointed deputy, then Chief Commissioner of the State Bank. Being one of the leaders of the “left communists,” he opposed the conclusion of the Brest Peace Treaty, and after its signing, not wanting to share “responsibility for accepting the German ultimatum,” he left his post and went to Ukraine to fight the German occupiers (“conducted political work... repaired trial and reprisal, went on reconnaissance missions and was a machine gunner"). During the Civil War, he was a member of the Army Revolutionary Council, division commissar, and commissar of the General Staff Academy. After the capture of Crimea, he was one of the leaders (“Pyatakov’s troika”) of mass executions of white officers who came for the announced registration. He was one of the founders of the Communist Party (b)U and the first chairman of the Ukrainian Council of People's Commissars. Performed responsible housekeeping. job: deputy Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council, Deputy People's Commissar of Heavy Industry, Chairman of the Board of the State Bank. He believed that the introduction of NEP was wrong. I agreed with the so-called. “the law of primitive socialist accumulation”, according to which socialism must be built, like capitalism, on the exploitation of previous forms of economics. IN AND. Lenin in his “Letter to the Congress” wrote about Pyatakov: “A man of undoubtedly outstanding will and outstanding abilities, but too carried away by the administrative side of things to be relied upon on a serious political issue.” At the XV Congress he was expelled from the party as a figure in the Trotskyist opposition. In 1928, after a repentant statement about leaving the opposition, he was reinstated in the party. In July-Aug. 1936 Pyatakov was to be appointed prosecutor at the trial G.E. Zinoviev And L.B. Kameneva , but due to the fact that he himself was being prepared as another victim, his candidacy was withdrawn. Feeling that danger was looming over him, Pyatakov, according to the report N.I.

Yezhova

I.V. Stalin

PYATAKOV Georgy (Yuri) Leonidovich (1890-1937). 1) Born in Ukraine in the family of a sugar factory.

He was expelled from the Kyiv Real School twice: in 1905 - as the leader of a “student uprising”, in 1907 - for a “bold argument” with the school priest. He was an active member of anarchist circles and was part of an “autonomous terrorist group for the purpose of assassinating the Governor General.” As a student at St. Petersburg University, he studied the works of K. Marx, Lenin, and classics of political economy and philosophy. In 1910, for participating in university riots, he was expelled to Kyiv, where he immediately joined the initiative group for the revival of the city’s illegal Social Democratic organization. In 1912 he was arrested and sentenced to exile. 2) In October 1914, he fled from the Irkutsk province through Japan to Europe. Participant of the Berne Bolshevik Conference. Together with E. Bosch 3) and N. Bukharin opposed Lenin’s position on the national question; later admitted he was wrong. After the February Revolution - in Petrograd, then in Kyiv - chairman of the city committee of the RSDLP (b), member of the executive committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies. After the victory of October, he was summoned to Petrograd, where he was appointed chief commissioner of the State Bank. During the Civil War, he was a member of the Army Revolutionary Council, division commissar, commissar of the Academy of the General Staff.

In 1920, after the capture of Crimea - one of the members of the “Pyatakov Troika” (other members of the “troika” - R. Zemlyachka

On August 21, 1936, on the eve of the arrest, welcoming the execution of Kamenev and Zinoviev, Pyatakov wrote: “The working people of the whole world know and love their Stalin and are proud of him... I was guilty of not understanding the party leadership, of not understanding the correct path of development of socialism.

When I understood, I followed a new, correct path, along the path of Stalin, which I have been firmly and joyfully following since then along with the entire party. The boundless vanity and narcissism of Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev led them to the vile path of double-dealing, lies, and unheard-of deception of the party. They must be destroyed as carrion, contaminating the clean, cheerful air of the Soviet country, dangerous carrion that could cause death to our leaders. Comrade Stalin, as always perspicacious, taught us not to lose revolutionary vigilance, not to forget that the class enemy continues to try to harm the dictatorship of the proletariat by every means available to him. Our enemy is evasive. He's pretending.

Lies. Covers his tracks. Ingratiates himself into trust.

“I am convinced,” Pyatakov told Valentinov in 1928, “that in 15-20 years the capitalist world will be ruins, engulfed in revolutions” (Valentinov N. Conversation with Pyatakov in Paris // In the World of Books. 1989. No. 11) .

Notes

1 E.B. Bosch (1879-1925) - professional revolutionary. Party member since 1901. She was arrested several times. She escaped from exile abroad. Lived in Switzerland, Scandinavia. During the civil war, he was one of the leaders of the struggle for Soviet power in Ukraine. Commissioner of the Caspian-Caucasian Front. Chairman of the Kyiv Regional Committee, People's Secretary of Internal Affairs of the first Ukrainian government. She committed suicide. The common-law wife of G. Pyatakov.

2 R.S. Zemlyachka (Zalkind) (1876-1947) - professional revolutionary. Party member since 1896. Active participant in the Civil War. Member of the Central Control Commission of the party since 1924. She was buried near the Kremlin wall.

3 Bela Kun (1886-1939) - an active participant in the revolutionary movement in Hungary and Russia. One of the founders and first leader of the Hungarian Communist Party. In 1920 - Chairman of the Crimean Revolutionary Committee. Member of the leadership of the Comintern. He fell victim to the system that he had been propagating all his life.

Rehabilitated in the USSR posthumously.

4 N.V. Valentinov (Volsky) (1879-1964) - professional revolutionary. He was close to Lenin. In 1920-1928 worked in the Supreme Council of the National Economy, in fact - the head of the Supreme Council of National Economy body "Commercial and Industrial Newspaper"; in 1928-1930 - in Paris, published the magazine of the trade mission of the USSR “Economic life of the country of the Soviets”. News of the horrors of collectivization, the establishment of a new serfdom in the countryside, and the wave of repressions against the intelligentsia led him to the decision to break with the Stalinist regime. Since 1930 - emigrant. Died in Paris. Author of three books about Lenin, as well as the historical and memoir work “New Economic Policy and the Crisis of the Party after Lenin’s Death” (Moscow, 1991).

Book materials used: Torchinov V.A., Leontyuk A.M. Around Stalin.

Historical and biographical reference book.

St. Petersburg, 2000