Motion sensors for turning on street lights and for the home: connection diagrams and recommendations. Motion sensor to turn on the lights Amateur motion sensor circuit

The use of home automation systems can significantly save energy. For example, by installing a sensor on street lighting on the way to the house, in the entrance, corridor, pantry, you will save yourself from the need to find the switch in the dark and never forget to turn it off. In this article, we will talk about the features of sensors and how to make a motion sensor with your own hands.

Briefly about sensors

The motion sensor switches the load in the presence of external influence, which depends on the type of sensor and its principle of operation. When the presence or movement of the body is detected, power is supplied through the triac or electromagnetic relay to the load. Anything can act as a load: a light bulb, a heater, a loudspeaker, as long as the load power does not exceed the maximum switching power of the sensor. Typically, the maximum load power is about 1 kW.

If you need to turn on more power, you need to add another relay to the circuit so that the power terminals of the motion sensor turn on the voltage to the relay coil.

The principle of operation of the device

The principle of operation of the sensor depends on the type of connection scheme and the element used. Although their task is the same, different ways of implementing motion sensors can be divided into groups according to the principle of their operation. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Contact or magnetic

The simplest option is to use a mechanical limit switch, with which you can turn on the light when the door is open or closed, for example. This is not quite a sensor, but still, the easiest way to implement automatic switching on of devices.

The next option is a reed switch (sealed contact), its essence is as follows: a pair of contacts is located in a glass cone, which can close or open under the influence of a magnetic field. At the same time, a permanent magnet is installed on the door, and a reed switch is located on the doorway (platband). Its contacts are often not capable of passing high currents, therefore, with their help, the relay winding can be turned on in order to increase the switching capacity.

Motion sensor circuit

IR sensor

Infrared motion sensors respond to infrared radiation, these are radiation with a wavelength of 1 ± mm or a frequency of 300-400 GHz. The PIR (PIR) sensor is used as the main sensitive element. It captures changes in the amount of radiation to it.

IR radiation is thermal radiation.

This means that in the infrared range a person looks like a large source of radiation. At the same time, the temperature of the sensor itself does not make significant changes to its operation. Information from the outside world must fall on the sensor, for this radiation is collected by a group of lenses, such as a Fresnel lens. Outwardly, it looks like a window in a case with ribbed glass.

Depending on the design, the viewing angle of IR motion sensors can reach up to 360 degrees, in which case, several pyroelectric elements (PIR) are usually installed inside, and the lenses focus on them from the corresponding visibility zones. Such wide-angle sensors are needed to capture movement from all sides, so as not to put several narrowly focused ones, one is installed at 360 degrees on the ceiling.

IR sensors react to heat

Advantages:

• price;
• simplicity;
• prevalence;
• works well indoors;
• good adjustments;
• Does not irritate animals.

Flaws:

• unreliability;
• problems when working on the street.

Since it reacts to heat, it has many “harmful” factors for accurate operation. False alarms occur on any gust of warm wind or a turned on heater, while the background temperature should differ (in a smaller direction) than the temperature of a person. Therefore, it is unlikely to work in the kitchen when you find yourself in front of a hot stove, but is it needed there?

Laser or photo sensor

The laser sensor is a pair of elements, an emitter and a receiver, while the emitter can be in the IR spectrum so as to be unnoticed by the human eye. Such sensors are used in signaling, when you cross the laser beam, it does not fall on the photodetector (photoresistor or photodiode) and the circuit gives a signal about the presence in the room. How to use this signal depends on further connections, you can turn on the light through a time relay or a siren or a signal to the control unit of the security and safety system.

Another type of photo sensors looks like this: the LED emitter and receiver are not installed opposite each other, but side by side, in the same plane, the radiation is reflected and hits the optical receiver, when you enter the field of view of the sensor, the motion sensor is triggered. Another name is an obstacle sensor.

Advantages:

• Simplicity.

Flaws:

• Narrow field of view.
• Application specificity.

The specifics of the action of the motion photo sensor

Microwave

Microwave motion sensor - works on the principle of a radio transmitter. High-frequency oscillations are generated in the circuit and are received here, the receiving part is configured in such a way: when there is no one nearby, the relay is turned off. When you get into the working area of ​​the receiver, the oscillation frequency changes, as a result of which a signal is sent from the detector diode that you need to turn on the power element and apply voltage to the load.

Flaws:

• High-frequency radiation is harmful to health (although you carry a smartphone in your pocket, there is even more radiation).
• Relatively high cost.
• False alarms are possible under influences outside the observed zone.

Advantages:

• sensitivity allows you to detect an object behind a door or glass, for example;
• detects even the smallest movements.

How a microwave motion sensor works

Ultrasonic

Another type is built on the principle of "emitter-receiver" - an ultrasonic motion sensor. The frequency of the ultrasonic wave lies in the range above 20 kHz but below 60 kHz. The detection principle is based on the Doppler effect. The length of the reflected wave changes, the receiver captures this change and gives a signal about the presence and movement of a new object.

Flaws:

• Animals can react to it. Dog repellers work on ultrasonic emitters.
• If you move slowly - ultrasonic DD may not work.

Advantages:

• acceptable cost;
• insensitive to changes in environmental conditions.

Schemes for homemade motion sensors

We propose to consider several schemes suitable for repetition and study of the principles of operation of sensors. In addition, microwave will also help you master the basics of radio transmitting technology and signal detection, and circuits using microcontrollers will make it possible to make a modular version with ready-made solutions for Arduino.

Presence detector circuit

capacitive

Let's take it as a normal state - when there is no one near the sensor, and for triggering - when you are nearby.

Transistor VT1 is an oscillator node on a field key tuned to 100 kHz. The oscillatory circuit L2C2 is tuned into resonance with it. Electrically connected to the generator through R2. VD1 (detector diode). The frequencies are indicated in the absence of external influences, i.e. you do not touch the circuit, and are removed from it. Part DA1 is a comparator, needed to compare the signal from the diode and the reference voltage set through R3. Normally, the output should tend to zero. In this case, the signal at the non-inverting input of the “–” comparator is 5 V, and at the output it is 0 V.

When you approach the sensor, the capacitance will increase, the oscillator frequency will decrease, you affect the oscillator frequency, and the L2C2 frequency is set by an oscillatory circuit of a parallel-connected capacitance and inductance.

The resonance between the generator and this circuit disappears, and the voltage at the non-inverting input drops. Since the voltage on the inverter grows, the output starts to pull up to the supply voltage and stops at 8 volts (approximately), they can be used to control the relay, through the transistor to amplify the output current, thyristors and other devices from which you already power the load.

Both coils are wound on ferrite rings 2000 NM, 20 mm with an outer diameter of 100 turns of PEV-2 wire 0.2 mm, turn to turn. In turn, L1 has a tap from 20 turns, and L2 from 50 turns (from the middle). Wind so that the distance between the beginning and the end is not less than 0.3 mm.

Sensor - 2 pieces of wire 1 mm in diameter and 1–1.5 m long are located at a distance of 20 cm from each other.

Setting: we measure the voltage C5 with a voltmeter, rotating the trimmer C4, we achieve the maximum voltage (2.5–5 V), if the voltage is lower, add a constant capacitor of 15 pF in parallel with C3, if there is still not enough voltage, we reduce R1, but not less than 500 kOhm. The next step is to unscrew R3 to the lower position, and R2 to the middle position according to the scheme. The LED connected to the output of the op-amp through a resistor glows. Rotate R3 to make it go out. Carry out the configuration directly where it will be installed. If you configure it on the desktop, and then place the sensor where you planned, you will most likely have to configure it again.

Thermal sensor on Arduino

To build a PIR motion sensor project on Arduino, you need:

• PIR sensor HC-SR501.
• Arduino UNO (or any other similar).
• Power supply 4–6 V.

Connecting sensor elements

HC-SR501 - contains 1 pyroelectric element, it is covered with a lens, and the necessary strapping on the printed circuit board. On one side of the board there are trimming resistors for adjusting the sensitivity and delay time. The output signal has an amplitude of 3.3 volts, and the supply voltage is 5–12 volts. The maximum distance at which the sensor will trigger is 7 m, and the time delay after triggering is up to 5 minutes.

Sensor connection diagram

Connection diagram for controlling light through a relay.

Light control

Visual wiring diagram on a solderless breadboard

What are pyromodules? How to enable and use them correctly? All these questions will be answered by this article.

The creation and installation of pyromodules in this article will be considered using the example of upgrading the EK-0.3 coffee maker.

As you know, this type of coffee maker does not have such a function as turning off after making coffee. Very often, such devices suffer a sad fate, because they can explode, because they lack automation. Therefore, in order for the operation of the device to be safe and its “life” to be long, certain measures must be taken.

One option is to use a special thermal switch that will turn off the coffee maker. The disadvantage of this method is that the switch will only work when the case temperature is above 120 degrees. And at this temperature in the tank of the coffee maker, as a rule, there is no water at all. As a result, all this will lead to the fact that the body of the coffee maker will overheat, and the amount of energy required will increase several times. The best option is to use a motion sensor, it will independently track the moment the coffee is fed into the coffee pot.

PIR (motion) Sensor (pyromodule) - what is it?

This abbreviation stands for:

– PIR– Passive Infra-Red;

– FEAST– Passive Infrared.

So what is it? This device converts infrared radiation (more precisely, a change in its intensity) into an electric current. In certain crystalline rock materials, if the temperature is changed, a pyrostatic effect occurs. It is on this effect that the work of the pyromodule is based. The temperature in materials changes precisely due to infrared radiation.

The electric field must be registered, but this requires that it change. And when changing, crystalline dielectrics will be compensated by free electric charges. All sensors built using pyroelectrics have this property. This means that all of them will be able to track even the slightest change in the intensity of radiation. With all this, the pyromodule itself (its temperature) will not have any effect on the measurement results.

To protect the pyro-sensor from various negative influences and various interferences, it is necessary to enclose it in a sealed metal case. There must be a window in the case that transmits light (narrow radiation range). In order for the light to pass in this range, the window must be covered with an infrared notch filter. The spectral characteristic of the filter is 10 microns (1*104nm).

Imported pyromodule device:

- in addition to the pyro-sensor itself, a special amplifier is also located behind the infrared filter. It operates on a unipolar low noise transistor. The diagram above shows how to turn on the PIR D203S pyro module (foreign production), as well as its pinout.

In order to connect Soviet pyromodules, you will need to install a field effect transistor. At the top, the diagram shows how to turn on the "PM-4" (Soviet-made), as well as its pinout.

Previously, pyromodules were secretly developed in the military-industrial complexes. They were installed in rockets and other similar devices, were part of the Thermal Homing Heads or TGS.

Today, the use of modules in civil engineering is widespread. The most common direction is motion detectors in alarm systems and lighting control systems. The picture above shows an example, the Feron LX20 / SEN5 sensor, which is designed for a lighting control system.

What results should be achieved with the improvement of the coffee maker?

• The coffee maker must be switched off as soon as coffee begins to flow into the coffee pot. The process will be completed even without electricity, for its completion there will be enough thermal energy, which will be accumulated by the body.
• The coffee maker should emergency shutdown when the temperature exceeds 120 degrees. Otherwise, it will burn out due to lack of water.

This figure shows a block diagram. The motion sensor sends signals to the control unit. The control unit, in turn, can turn off the electromagnetic relay at the right time. And thanks to the electromagnetic relay, the entire coffee maker is turned off at the right time.

This diagram shows the control unit in the electrical version. Circuit elements and their purpose:

• PM-4- this is a pyromodule without a built-in amplifier;
• VT1- with its help, the signal of the pyromodule is amplified;
• DA1-1-DA1-2– corrects the signal gain of the pyromodule;
• VD1– temperature sensor based on a germanium diode;
• DA1-3– amplifies the signal from the temperature sensor;
• DA1-4– stabilizes the virtual earth;
• VS1- blocks relay P1, its power supply. Is a threshold element;
• VT2– this relay performs a delay at certain points. For example, it prevents the coffee maker from turning off during transition processes while the power has already been applied;
• Z1- stabilizes the voltage of 12 volts;
• Z2- stabilizes the voltage at 8 volts.

Construction and its details.

The picture shows a printed circuit board, on which all the parts are assembled, with the exception of the temperature sensor. Board dimensions - 45x85mm.

Here is the board directly assembled.

As already mentioned, the temperature sensor is made using a germanium diode. The mount for the sensor is made of tin can.

The sensor is attached to the body of the coffee maker; silicone sealant is suitable for a more secure attachment. You can also apply a drop of KPT-8 thermal paste between the case and the bracket. The MGTF wire is used to connect the sensor (PTFE insulation).

Two holes must be drilled in the coffee maker stand.

These holes are needed for five wires. Two wires are needed for power, one wire will control the load and two more from the temperature sensor. The control unit is made in such a way that it will be suitable for repair at any time.

The eye of the pyromodule must be protected. A polypropylene plate is perfect for this purpose. Such a plate can be taken in a disposable syringe, cut off from the piston. The pyromodule operates in a rather narrow spectrum of infrared radiation. This spectrum can be blocked with plain glass, but polypropylene will let it through.

Additional materials.

Repair of transformers with welded cores. A simple scheme for controlling radio and electrical appliances through Com-ports

A motion sensor most often means a miniature household device, the purpose of which is to light a light bulb without human intervention.

The sensor is triggered strictly on movement. The interval between the fixation of a person in the zone of action of the photocell and the inclusion of lighting is on average from several seconds to ten minutes.

The sensor does not have to be purchased at the store. Such detectors are easy to manufacture. Many make these devices on their own or do the repair of the motion sensor with their own hands.
Required for work:

• (for example, used to charge batteries - it has a suitable output voltage, 5 volts);
• photocell (any one is suitable);
• (in which there should be a p-n-p transition);
• relay;
• tuning resistance.

How to make an infrared motion sensor with your own hands?

First of all, the cathode of the photocell is connected to the power supply from the positive pole. Resistance to the anode (preliminarily calculated according to Ohm's law).

The procedure for mounting the motion sensor circuit with your own hands.

A tuning resistor with a value of 10 kΩ is connected. Next, the details are soldered:

• one output to the "minus" of the power supply, the second to the free end of the resistance;
• the base of the transistor to the free contact of the tuning resistance;
• collector to the block (its positive pole).

Then a relay (at 5 volts) is included in the circuit, its free end is soldered to the “minus” of the power supply.
The remaining free relay contacts can be directed to the load.

A self-resetting switch is mounted in the circuit. For radiation, a laser pointer connected to the power supply permanently is quite suitable.

The principle of operation is based on turning on the relay (its "pulling up" through the contacts) and providing its own power immediately after operation.

In order not to overload the contacts, you can attach an additional relay in the form of a load (if you need more power).

Assembling a homemade motion sensor for a security alarm

There is another interesting assembly scheme. Suitable for alarm sensor.
Required for work:

• case of an old household appliance;
• control element base;
• wires.

Before assessing the coverage area that it will cover, avoid contamination on the case and study in detail the attached installation diagram.

There are several installation options: a separate sensor, together with a switch, or several detectors at once in one circuit. You can read more about this.

Procedure:

An autodyne is mounted on the basis of the transistor: through the capacitor C2 and the low-pass filter (C1, L3), the pulse enters the alarm contact, which acts as a filter. Resistor R11 acts as a circuit sensitivity regulator.
The comparators are a zener diode (VD3) and a relay (K1). The mains voltage is 11 volts, so a stabilizer that boosts the signals is recommended.

1. the top of the board is polished and coated with acetone to prevent oxidation.
2. Coils L1 and L2 are wound with a thin wire. Suitable PEL-0.23. In total, you need to make twelve turns.
3. The sleeve is attached to the central hole with a screw. Screw diameter 3 mm.
4. The circuit should fit easily into the prepared box. A hole is made in the box for fastening. If necessary, the corners inside the box are bored.
5. Holes can also be drilled, but more often this is not required - they shine through the body material.
6. A lamp is connected to the detector.

On a note. Screws, bushing and plates can be of any material. The main thing is that all holes fit in size.

If you can’t assemble the device with your own hands, but you need to get it as soon as possible, don’t despair. In an electrical engineering store, you can buy good motion sensors at a price of only 500 rubles apiece. Or via the Internet - Chinese detectors can be ordered at auctions for a little over one dollar with delivery.

The scope of devices is the widest. In addition to the corridor and pantry, it is convenient to install such adjustable lighting on the porch of the house, a private parking lot (it can serve as a kind of alarm that notifies of strangers), a landing, in the basement, any room in the office (where employees stay for a short time).

Useful video

Instruction

For self-assembly, you will need the following tools, radio elements and materials:

• solder;
• relay 1393219-6 (PE014012);
• touch infrared element HC-SR501;
• power supply 12 V, 10 W;
• fiberglass board covered with copper foil;
• transistor BC547B;
• resistor 1 kOhm and power 1 W;

motion sensor circuit

Installation is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Positive output of the power supply 12 V, connects to the “Vcc” of the photoresistor HC-SR501. Negative - to the “GND” terminal.
2. Transistor BC547B, the emitter is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. The base of the transistor is connected to the “OUT” terminal of the photoresistor through a 1 kΩ resistor, and the collector is soldered to the 12 volt input of relay 1393219-6 (PE014012).
3. Relay 1393219-6 (PE014012) connects to a working load up to 1 kV operating at an alternating voltage of 220 V. Powerful lighting devices or an electric siren can act as a load. Light and noise alarms can work simultaneously, the relay power will be enough for such a switch-on.

These elements are placed on a textolite board, which can be placed in a suitable plastic case in such a way that the infrared sensor remains on the outside of the case.

The motion sensor based on the infrared element HC-SR501 can only respond to objects whose temperature is higher than the ambient air indoors or outdoors. If a person wraps himself in an opaque dense fabric, then this device will not work, and the alarm system against intruders will not give a positive result.

device

1. When installing a homemade motion sensor care must be taken with alternating voltage 220 V dangerous for humans. The power supply housing must be reliably protected from accidental mechanical damage and possible ingress of liquid into the unit.
2. When connecting power to the touch element, polarity must be observed. Otherwise, it can be easily damaged.
3. Homemade motion sensor consumes very little electricity, so you can use any 12V battery instead of the power supply.

Modern motion sensors are inexpensive, and you can buy them in almost any department store.

If self-assembly of the device is planned for the sake of financial savings, then the cost of all radio-electronic components that need to be purchased is about 60% of the cost of a store device.

Varieties

There are many different movement recording devices that are sold in the retail network, but they all fall into 3 main types:

infrared

If in the sector controlled by such an electronic device, there is a change in temperature with a simultaneous movement of the object, then this device is triggered, and an electric current appears at the output of the automatic system, which turns on the sound annunciator or electric light if the automation is set to turn on lighting devices.

Such signaling devices also have disadvantages, including:

1. False positives when large domestic animals appear in the controlled area.
2. If the sensor is not shielded, then the sun's rays, when they hit the working surface of the sensing element, also cause a false inclusion of this device.
3. If such elements are installed in security systems, then attackers can quite easily “deceive” such devices by covering themselves with a non-conductive heat material.

Ease of installation and low price are the advantages of such devices, especially in cases where automation is required to turn on.

Ultrasonic

They are also "plagiarism" of nature. Such unusual mammals as bats. use the principle of reflection of ultrasound, for navigation. A sensor that uses this principle of target detection emits sound waves with a frequency exceeding the sensitivity of the human ear in the area under its control.

Sound waves reflected from obstacles are returned to the receiver of the device. If an object moves in the place where the ultrasonic device is installed, then the frequency of the returned signal changes, and highly sensitive technology registers such changes.

Such devices are always in an active state, that is, they constantly emit ultrasonic waves during the operation of the security system. Humans do not hear sound vibrations of such a high frequency, but many pets are not able to tolerate prolonged exposure to ultrasound. Such sound frequencies repel pests, such as mice and rats, which will leave their holes forever and leave the house.

Microwave devices

According to the principle of target detection, they resemble ultrasonic models.

During the operation of these devices, electromagnetic waves of high frequency are emitted, which are reflected from objects and return to the receiver. When moving, in the area of ​​operation of such a sensor. the frequency of the returned signal changes and the microprocessor-based automation turns on electricity for lighting or signaling.

Such devices are the most reliable, capable of responding to movement behind thin walls or glass.

The performance of such models does not depend on the environment and can be successfully used for outdoor installation in conditions of high humidity.

These devices are also not without drawbacks, including:

1. High price.
2. Unsafe for human health microwave radiation.
3. Possible false positives due to movements outside the controlled perimeter.

In addition to the listed models, there are combined devices that simultaneously use different channels for determining the movement of objects. For example, if the device is equipped with an infrared and ultrasonic detection system, then the efficiency of such devices is much higher than in the case when only 1 detection channel works.

Motion sensors for turning on street and indoor lights help to rationally use resources (50-80% energy saving), detecting the presence or movement of objects on the site. Modern technologies bring convenience to our lives, increase the comfort of our existence. Motion sensors automatically turn on the lights when a person enters the control zone. When an object moves, the light turns on automatically. This device is extremely handy when you need to turn on the light, but at the moment your hands are busy with something. And if there is no movement for some time (which is set individually), the lamp goes out. Outdoor motion sensor for lighting how to set up? How is the motion sensor connected? Where can motion sensors be used to turn on the light?

Yes, anywhere. More specifically, where a person stays for a short time, that is, in the corridors, on the stairs, storerooms, at the entrance, at the gate.

The motion sensor is a special device that belongs to the category of detection devices. With the help of sensors, it captures a moving object that falls into its coverage area, transmits the received signal to the lamp.

When purchasing a sensor to turn on the light, it is necessary to take into account its parameters, features:

1. Place of installation: devices for turning on the light can be installed outdoors, indoors, under awnings. They are mounted and built-in, you also need to take into account the specifics of fastening, the level of security of the device.
2. Features of the installation of the sensor depend on its power. The type of device affects the conditions of its installation.
3. It is necessary to take into account the features of the trigger zone, since only visible areas for control are available to signaling devices. The response radius is reduced even due to hanging chandeliers or cornices.
4. Glass is a barrier to infrared rays.
5. You should pay attention to the presence of a function for setting the exact time of switching on or off the light. This aspect will be important if the premises are large, where there is not one sensor, but several devices.
6. It is important to take into account the viewing angles of the device, the perception radius of these devices varies from 180 to 360 degrees. Sensors with 180-degree perception are often installed on the walls; they are triggered when an object enters or exits the room. Ceiling motion sensors are installed only with a full viewing angle.
7. It is necessary to take into account the interaction of the ranges of active and passive sections - this is true for an office space or a rest room.
8. There are categories of devices that have the function of tuning to human breathing.

Motion sensors: types and classification

Light sensors are divided into two types: according to the class of the signaling device and the place where the installation will be made. Devices are divided into outdoor (used for the street) and indoor (for rooms).

The functions of outdoor devices for turning on the light work on the principle of calculating the distance from the device to the object. Perimeter type sensors are designed for a certain part of the territory. Their use is relevant for large private estates, extensive house adjoining areas. For most devices, the response range is quite wide: from 100 to 500 meters. You also need to consider that some types of specialized devices must correspond to a certain spotlight. You can install a room sensor in any room of the house, its main difference from the street counterpart is intolerance to temperature changes.

These devices are divided into:

1. Ultrasonic - their work is based on the reflection of ultrasound from the surrounding objects. This is the most affordable, uncomplicated, durable category of sensors;
2. Microwave - work on the principle of a locator. The radar is tuned to a specific range of signals. He catches them and sends the signaling device. After the signal is caught, the light will automatically turn on. Among experts, it is generally accepted that this principle of operation is more practical than that of ultrasonic sensors. However, the cost of such devices is higher;
3. Infrared - their principle of operation is similar to the reaction of an ultrasensitive thermometer. Such sensors respond to the temperature of an object that falls into their zone of action (for example, 36.6 ° C). It should be borne in mind that these devices are dependent on changes in the temperature of the surrounding space, so it is not recommended to install them in the kitchen area or entrance doors. These devices are optimally suited for residential areas, the temperature response range can be adjusted so that they are not triggered by the movement of pets.

How to connect a motion sensor

To connect these devices, no special skills are required, it is enough to understand the principle of connecting wiring and a signaling device. For a more attractive aesthetic perception, the entire system is hidden in a special distribution box. Each device is accompanied by an appropriate installation manual, as well as a connection diagram for a motion sensor for lighting.

The principle of operation is somewhat reminiscent of the process of connecting contacts in a conventional switch, since their operating parameters are identical. Here and there, a relay acts as an actuator.

The practice is widespread when a switch with a motion sensor is used, this is especially true for residents of private houses. When approaching the gate in the dark, the lamp above the entrance turns on, and the sensor is adjusted in such a way that a person can easily overcome the distance from the gate to the house.

In cases where it is necessary for the lamp to work even when there is no movement in the room, a switch connected in parallel to the sensor is added to the circuit. Thus, when the switch is turned on, the light source will be connected to another circuit, bypassing the sensor. At the same time, the fixture will still control the lighting even when the switch is turned off.

Schematic with circuit breaker connection

In some cases, when the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is large, one sensor is not enough, a lighting source connection scheme with two devices is used. To avoid a phase-to-phase short circuit, it must be understood that both signaling devices are connected from the same phase.

Wiring diagram for a luminaire with two sensors

Owners of private houses with a large local area often combine the connection of sensors and several powerful spotlights. Since the sensor power is approximately 500-700 W, a magnetic starter is used in such cases.

Connection diagram of a motion sensor with a magnetic starter

How to set up a motion sensor to turn on the light with your own hands

Potentiometers are responsible for setting the sensors. They fall into three categories:

• time intervals;
• sensitivity level;
• illumination.

Setting the time intervals is the easiest. You just need to set the required time period. Depending on the instrument model, this value varies from 5 seconds to 10 minutes.

The higher the sensitivity level, the better the device responds to movement. If too frequent operation of the sensor is observed, then the sensitivity threshold should be reduced. This factor also applies to spontaneous inclusions. When setting the sensitivity level, you also need to take into account the time of year, for example, in summer the devices operate in standard mode, and in winter there are frequent failures. This situation is due to the response of devices to the heat produced by heating appliances.

The light factor is important: the sensor must function correctly when it is light. Thus, when an object moves, the device should automatically determine the level of illumination. If the level is below the set threshold, the device is triggered. And if it’s higher, then no, since the room does not need additional lighting, it’s day outside.

conclusions

Motion sensors for turning on street and home lights are compact, economical in terms of energy consumption, they are easy to install. They are convenient, relevant for use in private homes, in summer cottages, in areas around the house. In addition to their direct purpose, they perform the function of a kind of alarm against intruders, they work exactly when strangers appear on your territory.

The motion sensor is a necessary attribute of a modern interior, the functional comfort of your home.