Simple past tense in English. Regular and irregular verbs. past simple. Regular and Irregular verbs. English Times. Tenses in English (Verb Tenses) Cook irregular form of the verb
Time English verbs- present, past and future - are divided into four groups:
1. Group " simple"(indefinite) times (Simple Tenses or Indefinite Tenses). This group includes present simple tense (present simple Tense or Present Indefinite Tense), past simple tense (Past Simple Tense or Past Indefinite Tense) and future simple time Future Simple Tense (Future Simple Tense or Future Indefinite Tense):
present simple
I cook breakfast every day.
I cook breakfast every day.
past simple
I cooked breakfast yesterday.
I cooked breakfast yesterday.
Future Simple
I shall cook breakfast tomorrow.
I will cook breakfast tomorrow.
The tenses of the Simple group are used only to state the fact of an action in the present, past and future, without indicating its duration, completeness, and without regard to any other action or moment.
2. Group " lengthy» of times (Continuous Tenses). This group consists of Present Continuous Tense, Past Continuous Tense ( Past Continuous Tense) and Future Continuous Tense:
Present Continuous
I am cooking breakfast (at the present moment).
I am preparing breakfast (at the moment).
Past Continuous
I was cooking breakfast at five o'clock.
I was preparing breakfast at five o'clock.
Future Continuous
I shall be cooking breakfast at five o'clock.
I will be preparing breakfast at five o'clock.
The Continuous tenses are used to express a long-term action that is being performed, has been performed or will be performed at a certain moment. They describe an action in the process of its completion, thus expressing an unfinished long-term action.
3. Group " committed» times (Perfect Tenses). This group consists of present perfect tense (Present perfect tense), past perfect tense (Past perfect tense) and future perfect tense (Future perfect tense):
Present Perfect
I have cooked breakfast.
I have (already) cooked breakfast (by now).
past perfect
I had cooked breakfast by five o'clock.
I had (already) cooked breakfast by five o'clock.
Future Perfect
I shall have cooked breakfast by five o'clock.
I will have (already) cooked breakfast by five o'clock.
The tenses of the Perfect group express an action completed by a certain moment in the present, past or future.
4. Group " committed long» times (Perfect Continuous Tenses). This group consists of the present perfect continuous tense (Present Perfect Continuous Tense), the past perfect continuous tense (Past Perfect Continuous Tense) and the future perfect continuous tense ( Future Perfect continuous tense ):
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been cooking breakfast for an hour.
I've been cooking breakfast for (already) an hour.
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been cooking breakfast for an hour when he came.
I had been preparing breakfast for (already) an hour when he came.
Future Perfect Continuous
I shall have been cooking breakfast for an hour when he comes.
I will have been cooking breakfast for (already) an hour when he arrives.
The tenses of the Perfect Continuous group are used to express a long-term action that began up to a certain moment in the present, past or future and lasted for a certain period of time, including this moment. The times of this group can express a long action that lasted a certain period of time and ended immediately before a certain moment in the present, past or future.
Each of these groups can also include the forms of "the future tense in the past" (Future in the Past Tenses), namely, the future simple in the past (Future Simple in the Past), future continuous in the past (Future Continuous in the Past), future perfect in the past (Future Perfect in the Past) and future perfect continuous in the past (Future Perfect Continuous in the Past). These forms, unlike the usual forms of the future tense, serve to express the future not in relation to the moment of speech, but to the past moment, that is, to express the future action that was discussed in the past.
Forms Future in the Past
Simple
I said that I should cook breakfast to him.
I said that I would cook breakfast for him.
Continuous
I said that I should be cooking breakfast at 5 o'clock.
I said that I would be preparing breakfast at five o'clock.
Perfect
I said that I should have cooked breakfast by 5 o "clock.
I said that I would have (already) cooked breakfast by five o'clock.
Perfect Continuous
I said that I should have been cooking breakfast for an hour when he came.
I said that I would (already) be preparing breakfast for an hour when he arrived.
Thus, the English verb has 16 verb tenses to express the present, past and future action.
Often times in English language present difficulties for English learners. This is explained by the fact that the system of tenses in English is unlike that used in Russian, although some parallels can still be drawn. However, the system of English tenses has an undeniable advantage - it has a strict orderliness, logic, and obeys the laws of grammar.
English Times. a brief description of
In total, there are 12 tenses in English, which are divided into four groups:
- simple or indefinite(group of simple tenses);
- continuous or progressive(a group of long or extended tenses);
- perfect(group of perfect tenses);
- perfect continuous or perfect progressive(a group of perfect continuous tenses).
In English, as well as in Russian, the action expressed by a verb can occur in the past, present, or future. Accordingly, each of the above groups of times can be expressed in the past tense ( past tense), present tense ( present tense), or future tense ( future tense).
Each group of tenses in English expresses different situations.
simple tenses describe the fact of the origin of the action, regardless of the extent of this action. They are also used to describe actions that happen with some regularity.
long times, as the name implies, describe what happens during some period of time, usually given by the moment about which in question. Also, the verbs of this group of tenses are always built using the verb be, and the ending is always added to them "-ing".
Perfect tenses describe actions that have already completed at some point in time. Verbs in this group of tenses are always used with an auxiliary verb have, and they are always in the past participle form.
Perfect long tenses, as the name implies, define in themselves the signs of the times of a perfect and long-term group, they describe actions that continued over a certain period of time. The verbs of this group use two auxiliary verbs - have And been, and have the ending " -ing".
By remembering the simple rules above, it will be much easier to choose between these groups of times.
Table of English tenses with examples
To further simplify the understanding of the system of English tenses, below is a table that shows the main uses of certain tenses.
| past (past tense) | Present (present) | Future (future tense) | |
| Simple / Indefinite | The fact that the action originated in the past. | An action that occurs with some regularity. | An action that must take place in the future. |
| cooked | cook/cooks | shall / will cook | |
| He cooked yesterday. He cooked yesterday. |
He cooks dinner every Friday. He cooks dinner every Friday. |
He will cook tomorrow. He will cook tomorrow. |
|
| Continuous / Progressive be + verb + ing |
An action that is happening at a specified time in the past (usually expressed by another action in the Simple Past form). | Action that is happening now. | An action that will take place some time in the future, at some specified time. |
| was / were cooking | am / is / are cooking | shall / will be cooking | |
| He was cooking when the phone rank. He was cooking when the phone rang. |
He is cooking now. He is cooking now. |
He will be cooking when you come. He will cook when you arrive. |
|
| Perfect have + verb |
An action that ended before another action in the past, or before a moment in the past. | An action that took place at some unspecified time in the past, and whose effect is often present. | An action that will finish before another action in the future, or before a moment in the future. |
| had cooked | has / have cooked | shall / will have cooked | |
| He had cooked the dinner when the phone rank. He had already cooked dinner when the phone rang. |
He has cooked many meals. He cooked many dishes. |
He will have cooked dinner by the time you come. He will have prepared dinner by the time you arrive. |
|
have + been + verb + ing |
An action that took place during a period of time before another action in the past, or before a moment in the past. | An action that began in the past, and that continues over a period of time, and continues into the present. | An action that will begin in the future and that will continue for some period of time before another action in the future, or a moment in the future. |
| had been cooking | has / have been cooking | shall / will have been cooking | |
| He had been cooking for a long time before he took lessons. He had been cooking for some time before he took a cooking class. |
He has been cooking for over an hour. He has been cooking for over an hour. |
He will have been cooking all day by the time she gets home. He will have been cooking all day by the time she comes home. |
Signs of tenses in English
To a certain extent, each group of English times may have some signs that suggest, help to understand what time to use in a particular case. And although such signs do not allow one to determine with absolute certainty what time will be the most correct in this case, they still simplify the task of choosing.
Such signs express the period or time in which the action takes place.
For example:
yesterday (yesterday) indicates simple past
every day (every day) points to the simple present
tomorrow (tomorrow) indicates simple future
while (while) indicates the past continuous
now (now) indicates the present continuous
There are many such sign words in English that express any moment or period in time, and many of them indicate whether the action happened in the past, or will only happen in the future, and they can suggest which time group should be used. If you learn to recognize such words-signs, then this will greatly help in choosing tenses. However, it should be borne in mind that some of these sign words can be used in more than one group of tenses. Below is a table containing the main such words-signs, and showing what time they indicate.
| past (past tense) | Present (present) | Future (future tense) | |
| Simple / Indefinite | simple past | Simple Present | Simple Future |
| yesterday - yesterday last year / month / etc - last year / month / etc. one year / month ago - one year / month ago |
every morning/day/etc. – every morning / every day / etc. always - always usually - usually frequently / often - often sometimes - sometimes |
tomorrow - tomorrow tonight - tonight next week / month / etc. – next week / next month / etc. soon - soon in the future - in the future |
|
| Continuous / Progressive | Past Continuous | Present Continuous | Future Continuous |
| while - while when - when |
now - now right now - right now this week / minute / etc. – this week / this minute / etc. |
when - when after - after as soon as - as soon as before - before |
|
| Perfect | past perfect | Present Perfect | Future Perfect |
| before - earlier already - already by the time - by that time until then / last week / etc. – until now / until last week / etc. after - after |
until now - until now since - since then ever - ever never - never many times / weeks / years / etc. – many times / many weeks / many years / etc. for three hours / minutes / etc. – within three hours / minutes / etc. |
by the time you go (somewhere) - by the time you go (somewhere) by the time you do (something) - by the time you do (something) already - already |
|
| Perfect Continuous / Perfect Progressive | Past Perfect Continuous | Present Perfect Continuous | Future Perfect Continuous |
| before - earlier for one week / hour / etc. – within one week / one hour / etc. since - since then |
for the past year / month / etc. - during last year/ month / etc. for the last 2 months / weeks / etc. – during the last 2 months / weeks / etc. up to now - until now since - since then |
by the time - by that time for ten days / weeks / etc. – within ten days / weeks / etc. by - to (some moment) |
Here you can take a lesson on the topic: Simple past tense in English. Regular and irregular verbs. past simple. Regular and Irregular verbs.
In this lesson, we'll get to know regular and irregular verbs in English and how to use them in sentences simple past tense. It is these verbs that in most cases are an integral part of the past tense.
To express thoughts in the past, the English often resort to the verbs was and were. Well, what if the main action is expressed by another verb, for example, swim, or play? In such cases, knowledge of regular and irregular English verbs is required. We will consider each category of verbs separately:
Regular verbs(Regular verbs) is a special group of English verbs that easily form the past tense by adding the suffix -ed to the infinitive (the regular form of the verb). Here are some examples of such verbs:
talk - talked (talk - spoke)
jump - jumped (jump - jumped)
check - checked (check - checked)
look - looked (look - looked)
stay - stayed (stop - stayed)
ask - asked (ask - asked)
show -showed (show - showed)
work - worked (work - worked)
Regular verbs ending in -ed do not change for persons or numbers. Consider the example of the verb walk (to walk, walk):
I walked - I walked
you walked - you walked / you walked
he walked - he walked
she walked - she walked
it walked - he / she walked / walked (inanimate)
we walked - we walked
they walked - they walked
I. There are some spelling rules when adding the ending -ed.
1. So, for example, if the verb is already ends with a letter-e , then only -d is added to it. For example:
Change - changed (change - changed)
arrive - arrived (arrive - arrived)
smoke - smoked (smoke - smoked)
2. If the verb ends with letter -y, then the ending, with rare exceptions, changes to -ied. For example:
study - studied (teach - taught)
tidy - tidied (clean up - cleaned up)
try - tried (try - tried)
The exception is the verbs: play - played (play), stay - stayed (stop), enjoy - enjoyed (enjoy).
3. In some short verbs(in 1 syllable) when adding the ending -ed the consonant is doubled. This rule applies to verbs that end in one vowel and one consonant letters. For example:
stop - stop ped (stop - stopped)
rob - rob bed (rob - robbed)
II. Regarding regular English verbs, there are also several reading rules.
1. So, for example, in verbs, ending in a voiceless consonant(f, k, p, t), the ending -ed reads softly, like /t/. For example:
walk ed /wɔ:kt/
look ed /lukt/
jump ed /dʒʌmpt/
ask ed /a:skt/
2. In verbs, ending in voiced and all other sounds, the ending -ed is pronounced loudly, like /d/. For example:
play ed /pleid/
show ed /ʃəud/
arriv ed /ə "raivd /
chang ed /tʃeindʒd/
3. The pronunciation of the verb ending -ed changes slightly when verbs end in /t/ or /d/. Then the ending is pronounced /id/ . For example:
decid ed / di "saidid /
wait ed /"waitid /
land ed /"lændid /
fad ed / "feidid /
Now consider regular verbs in affirmative sentences. Here are some examples:
Miriam waited for Adam for several hours. Miriam has been waiting for Adam for several hours.
She walked towards the river. She walked towards the river.
They changed their mind. - They changed their mind.
The woman carried a heavy bag. The woman was carrying a heavy bag.
When I arrived the party was over. When I arrived, the party was over.
The plane landed near the village. - The plane landed near the village.
The car stopped next to my house. - The car stopped near my house.
Children played hide-and-seek. - The children were playing hide-and-seek.
We stayed at my grandmother "s. - We stayed at my grandmother's.
I looked around but there was none. I looked around, but there was no one.
He studied German at school. - He studied German at school.
As can be seen from the examples, the place of subjects and verbs in affirmative sentences is fixed, and the remaining members of sentences can be used depending on the context. When reading the examples, pay attention to the spelling of regular verbs and their pronunciation.
In contrast to regular verbs, English also has a number of irregular verbs, which do not obey the rule of adding the ending -ed, but are formed completely unexpectedly and in different ways. For example:
find - found (find - found)
take - took (take - took)
sleep - slept (sleep - slept)
fight - fought (fight - fought)
get - got (receive - received)
give - gave (give - gave)
buy - bought (buy - bought)
catch - caught (catch - caught)
lose - lost (lose - lost) and many others.
Here you can find the complete
In the simple past tense, verbs from the second column (Past Simple) are used.
In affirmative sentences, irregular verbs are used in the same way as regular ones. The sentence order is fixed: Subject (Subject) - Predicate (Predicate) - Addition (Object) - Circumstance (Adverbial modifier). Let's look at examples:
He lost his key a day ago. - He lost his key a day ago.
Simon took my phone number yesterday. Simon took my phone number yesterday.
I gave her a birthday present. - I gave her a birthday present.
They slept for eight hours last night. They slept eight hours last night.
To form negative and interrogative sentences with regular and irregular verbs (except for to be and modal verbs), the auxiliary verb did is required.
So, for example, in interrogative sentences put in the first place auxiliary verb did, then the subject and the verb, but already in its original form (infinitive), since the auxiliary verb did takes over the function of the past tense. Let's look at a few examples:
(+) Her watch stopped working. - Her watch stopped working.
(?) Did her watch stop working? Has her watch stopped working?
(+) He caught a big fish. - He caught big fish.
(?) Did he catch a big fish? - Did he catch a big fish?
(+) They played cards in the evening. - They played cards in the evening.
(?) Did they play cards in the evening? - Did they play cards in the evening?
(+) Mr.Right found a purse with money. - Mr. Wright found a wallet with money.
(?) Did Mr.Right find a purse money? - Did Mr. Wright find a wallet with money?
(+) His father called him yesterday. - His father called him yesterday.
(?) Did his father call him yesterday? - Did his father call him yesterday?
As you can see from the examples, the auxiliary verb did does not change for persons or numbers, as, for example, the verbs do and does, was and were. Also, these questions are classified as general, and require short answers, which, unlike Russian "yes" and "no", depend largely on the question itself and the auxiliary verb. Let's take a closer look:
Did you leave early last night? -Yes, I did. -No, I didn't. - Did you leave early last night? -Yes. -No.
Did they like the cake? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't. - Did they like the cake? -Yes. -No.
Did their children break the remote control? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't. - Did their children break the remote control? -Yes. -No.
Special questions with regular and irregular verbs are formed in the same order as common ones, but with the addition question word at the beginning. For example:
Where did you find the map? - Where did you find the map?
Why did they call us last night? Why did they call us last night?
Who did you invite to the party? - Who did you invite to the party?
What did she cook fro dinner? - What did she cook for dinner?
Negative sentences with regular and irregular verbs are also formed using the auxiliary verb did , and the negative particle "not". The main verbs in such sentences remain in their original form, i.e. in infinitive. Let's look at examples:
(+) He wanted us to go. - He wanted us to leave.
(-) He didn't (did not) want us to go. - He didn't want us to leave.
(+) They enjoyed the concert. - They liked the concert.
(-) They didn't enjoy the concert. - They didn't like the concert.
(+) Albert promised me something. - Albert promised me something.
(-) Albert didn't promise me anything. - Albert didn't promise me anything.
(+) My friend paid t he fine. - My friend paid the fine.
(-) My friend didn't pay the fine. - My friend didn't pay the fine.
(+) It broke after all. - And yet it broke.
(-) It didn't break after all. - And yet it didn't break.
As can be seen from the examples, the word did can be combined with the particle not, and then the abbreviated form is obtained - didn "t.
Thus, we examined regular and irregular verbs in English, and also got acquainted with their use in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. The category of regular verbs does not require targeted memorization, but it is recommended to learn irregular verbs several times a day and try to use them in your sentences.
I’ll tell you a secret: regular and irregular verbs of the English language are the most “favorite” topic for teachers and students when studying English grammar. Fate wanted the most popular and frequently used words in English speech to be incorrect. For example, famous phrase"to be or not to be" also contains exactly the wrong verb. And that's the beauty of the British :)
Just think for a second how great it would be to add an ending -ed to the main verbs and get the past tense. And now all English learners are prepared to participate in an exciting attraction - memorizing a convenient table of irregular English verbs with translation and transcription.
1. IRREGULAR VERBS
Meet their royal majesty irregular verbs. It won't take long to talk about them. You just need to accept and remember that each verb has its own forms. And it is almost impossible to find any logical connection. It remains only to put a table in front of you and learn how you once memorized the English alphabet.
It's good that there are verbs where all three forms coincide and are pronounced the same (put-put-put). But there are especially harmful forms that are written like twins, but are pronounced differently. (read - read - read ). Just like choosing only the best tea leaves of the best varieties for the royal tea party, we have collected the most used irregular verbs, arranged them alphabetically, visually conveniently arranged in a table - we did everything to make you smile and ... learn. In general, only conscientious cramming will save humanity from ignorance of English irregular verbs.
And so that memorization is not so boring, you can create your own algorithms. For example, first write out all the verbs where the three forms match. Then those where the two forms coincide (most of them, by the way). Or, let's say, learn words today with the letter "b" (do not think bad), and tomorrow - with another. No limits to fantasy for lovers of English!
And without departing from the cash register, we offer to pass a test for knowledge of irregular verbs.
Table of irregular verbs in English with transcription and translation:
| indefinite form of the verb (Infinitive) | simple past tense (Past Simple) | past participle | Translation | |
| 1 | abide [ə"baɪd] | abode [ə"bəud] | abode [ə"bəud] | stay, stick to something |
| 2 | arise [ə"raɪz] | arose [ə"rəuz] | arisen [ə "rɪz (ə) n] | arise, rise |
| 3 | awake [ə"weɪk] | awoke [ə"wəuk] | awoken [əˈwoʊkn] | wake up, wake up |
| 4 | be | was; were | been | to be, to be |
| 5 | bear | bore | born | wear, give birth |
| 6 | beat | beat | beaten ["bi:tn] | beat |
| 7 | become | became | become | become, become |
| 8 | fall | befell | befallen | happen |
| 9 | begin | started | begun | start off) |
| 10 | hold | beheld | beheld | look, notice |
| 11 | bend | bent | bent | bend(s), bend(s) |
| 12 | beseech | thought | thought | beg, beg |
| 13 | beset | beset | beset | surround, besiege |
| 14 | bet | bet | bet | bet |
| 15 | bid | bid | bid | bid, order, ask |
| 16 | bind | bound | bound | bind |
| 17 | bite | bit | bitten ["bɪtn] | bite) |
| 18 | bleed | bled | bled | bleed, bleed |
| 19 | blow | blew | blown | blow |
| 20 | break | broke | broken ["brəuk(ə)n] | break, break, break |
| 21 | breed | bred | bred | breed, breed, breed |
| 22 | bring | brought | brought | bring, bring |
| 23 | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast, distribute |
| 24 | build | built | built | build, build |
| 25 | burn | burnt | burnt | burn, burn |
| 26 | burst | burst | burst | explode) |
| 27 | buy | bought | bought | buy |
| 28 | can | could | could | be able to physically |
| 29 | cast | cast | cast | throw, pour (metal) |
| 30 | catch | caught | caught | catch, seize |
| 31 | choose [ʧuːz] | chose [ʧuːz] | chosen ["ʧəuz(ə)n] | to choose |
| 32 | cling | clung | clung | stick, cling, cling |
| 33 | cleave | cleft | cloven ["kləuv(ə)n] | cut, split |
| 34 | clothes | clothed | clothed | dress, dress |
| 35 | come | came | come [ kʌm] | come |
| 36 | cost | cost[ kɒst] | cost[ kɒst] | evaluate, cost |
| 37 | creep | crept | crept | crawl |
| 38 | cut | cut [ kʌt] | cut [ kʌt] | cut, trim |
| 39 | dare | Durst | dared | dare |
| 40 | deal | dealt | dealt | to deal, to trade, to deal |
| 41 | dig | arc | arc | dig |
| 42 | dive | dove | dived | dive |
| 43 | do/does | did | done | do |
| 44 | draw | drew | drawn | drag, draw |
| 45 | dream | dream | dream | dream, dream |
| 46 | drink | drank | drunk | drink, drink |
| 47 | drive | drove | driven [ˈdrɪvn̩] | drive, drive, drive, drive |
| 48 | dwell | dwelt | dwelt | dwell, abide, linger on something |
| 49 | eat | ate | eaten [ˈiːtn̩] | eat, eat, eat |
| 50 | fall | fell | fallen [ˈfɔːlən] | fall |
| 51 | feed | fed | fed[ fed] | feed) |
| 52 | feel | felt | felt [ felt] | feel |
| 53 | fight | fought [ˈfɔːt] | fought [ˈfɔːt] | fight, fight |
| 54 | find | found | found | find |
| 55 | fit | fit[ fɪt] | fit[ fɪt] | fit, fit |
| 56 | fleece | fled | fled | run away, flee |
| 57 | fling | flung | flung | throw, throw |
| 58 | fly | flew | flown | fly, fly |
| 59 | forbid | forbade | forbidden | forbid |
| 60 | forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst] | forecast; forecasted [ˈfɔːkɑːstɪd] | foresee, predict | |
| 61 | forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
| 62 | forego | future | foregone | refuse, refrain |
| 63 | foretell | foretold | foretold | predict, forecast |
| 64 | forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgive, |
| 65 | forsake | forsook | forsaken | throw, refuse |
| 66 | freeze | frozen | frozen [ˈfrəʊzən] | freeze, freeze |
| 67 | get [ˈɡet] | got [ˈɡɒt] | got [ˈɡɒt] | get, become |
| 68 | gild [ɡɪld] | gilt [ɡɪlt]; gilded [ˈɡɪldɪd] | gild | |
| 69 | give [ɡɪv] | gave [ɡeɪv] | given [ɡɪvn̩] | give |
| 70 | go/goes [ɡəʊz] | went [ˈwent] | gone [ɡɒn] | go, go |
| 71 | grind [ɡraɪnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] | sharpen, grind |
| 72 | grow [ɡrəʊ] | grew [ɡruː] | grown [ɡrəʊn] | grow, grow |
| 73 | hang | hung; hanged | hang [ hʌŋ]; hanged [ hæŋd] | hang, hang |
| 74 | have | had | had | to have, to possess |
| 75 | hew | hewed | hewed; hewn | to cut, to cut |
| 76 | hear | heard | heard | hear |
| 77 | hide | hidden | hidden [ˈhɪdn̩] | hide, hide |
| 78 | hit | hit[ hɪt] | hit[ hɪt] | hit, hit |
| 79 | hold | held | held | hold, maintain (possess) |
| 80 | hurt | hurt | hurt | hurt, hurt, injure |
| 81 | keep | kept | kept | keep, store |
| 82 | kneel | knelt; kneeled | kneel | |
| 83 | knit | knit ; knitted [ˈnɪtɪd] | to knit | |
| 84 | know | knew | known | know |
| 85 | lay | laid | laid | put |
| 86 | lead | led | led | lead, accompany |
| 87 | lean | leant; leaned | lean on, lean on | |
| 88 | leap | leapt; leaped [lipt] | leapt; leaped | jump |
| 89 | learn | learned; learned | to learn, to know | |
| 90 | leave | left | left | leave, leave |
| 91 | lend | lent | lent[lent] | lend, lend |
| 92 | let | let[let] | let[let] | let, let |
| 93 | lie | lay | lain | lie |
| 94 | light | lit ; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd] | lit [lɪt]; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd] | kindle, illuminate |
| 95 | lose | lost | lost | lose |
| 96 | make [ˈmeɪk] | made [ˈmeɪd] | made [ˈmeɪd] | do, force |
| 97 | may | might | might | be able to have the right |
| 98 | mean | meant | meant | mean, imply |
| 99 | meet | met | met | meet, meet |
| 100 | mishear [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard |
| 101 | mislay | mislaid | mislaid | misplace |
| 102 | mistake | mistook | mistaken | to err, to be mistaken |
| 103 | mow | moved | mown | mow |
| 104 | overtake | overcurrent | overtaken | catch up |
| 105 | pay | paid | paid | to pay |
| 106 | prove | proved | proven; proven | prove, certify |
| 107 | put | put | put | put |
| 108 | quit | stop; quitted | stop; quitted | leave, leave |
| 109 | read | read; red | read; red | to read |
| 110 | rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | rebuild, restore |
| 111 | rid | rid; ridded | rid; ridded | free, deliver |
| 112 | ride | rode | ridden | ride |
| 113 | ring | rank | rung | call, call |
| 114 | rise | rose | rising | rise, ascend |
| 115 | run | ran | run | run, flow |
| 116 | saw | sawed | sawn; sawed | to saw |
| 117 | say | said | said | speak, say |
| 118 | see | saw | seen | see |
| 119 | seek | sought | sought | search |
| 120 | sell | sold | sold | sell |
| 121 | send | sent | sent | send, send |
| 122 | set | set | set | place, put |
| 123 | sew | sewed | sewed; sewn | sew |
| 124 | shake | shook | shaken | shake |
| 125 | shall | should | should | be to |
| 126 | shave | shaved | shaved | to shave) |
| 127 | shear | sheared | shorn | cut, cut; deprive |
| 128 | Shed | Shed | Shed | throw off, spill |
| 129 | shine | shone; shined | shone; shined | shine, shine |
| 130 | shoes | shod | shod | shoe, shoe |
| 131 | shoot | shot | shot | fire |
| 132 | show | showed | shown; showed | show |
| 133 | shrink | shrank; shrunk | shrunk | shrink, shrink, rebound, recoil |
| 134 | shut | shut | shut | close |
| 135 | sing | sang | sung | sing |
| 136 | sink | sank | sunk | sink, sink, sink |
| 137 | sit | sat | sat | sit |
| 138 | slay | slew | slain | kill, destroy |
| 139 | sleep | slept | slept | sleep |
| 140 | slide | slide | slide | slide |
| 141 | sling | slung | slung | throw, throw, hang over the shoulder, hang |
| 142 | slit | slit | slit | cut lengthwise |
| 143 | smell | smelt; smelled | smelt; smelled | smell, sniff |
| 144 | sow | sowed | sowed; sown | sow |
| 145 | speak | spoke | spoken | talk |
| 146 | speed | sped; speeded | sped; speeded | hurry, speed up |
| 147 | spell | spell; spelled | spell; spelled | write, spell a word |
| 148 | spend | spent | spent | spend, waste |
| 149 | spill | spilt | spilt | shed |
| 150 | spin | spun | spun | spin |
| 151 | sleep | spat | spat | spit, stick, poke, pro- |
| 152 | split | split | split | split, split |
| 153 | spoil | spoilt; spoiled | spoilt; spoiled | spoil, spoil |
| 154 | spread | spread | spread | spread |
| 155 | spring | sprang | sprung | jump, jump |
| 156 | stand | stood | stood | to stand |
| 157 | steal | stole | stolen | steal, steal |
| 158 | stick | stuck | stuck | to stick, to stick, to stick |
| 159 | sting | stung | stung | sting |
| 160 | stink | stank; stun | stun | stink, repel |
| 161 | strew | strewed | strewn; strewed | to scatter, scatter, spread |
| 162 | stride | strode | stridden | step |
| 163 | strike | struck | struck | hit, hit, strike |
| 164 | string | string | string | bind, tie, string |
| 165 | striving | strove | striving | strive, try |
| 166 | wear | swore | sworn | swear, swear, scold |
| 167 | sweep | swept | swept | to sweep |
| 168 | swell | swollen | swollen; swollen | to swell, swell, swell |
| 169 | swim | swam | swum | to swim |
| 170 | swing | swung | swung | swing, swing |
| 171 | take | took | taken | take |
| 172 | teach | taught | taught | teach, teach |
| 173 | tear | tore | torn | tear, times-, with-, from- |
| 174 | tell | told | told | to tell, inform |
| 175 | think | thought | thought | think |
| 176 | throw | threw | thrown | throw, throw |
| 177 | thrust | thrust | thrust | push, poke, kick out, shove |
| 178 | thread | trod | trod; trodden | step |
| 179 | unbend | unbent | unbent | unbend |
| 180 | undergo | life | undergone | experience, endure |
| 181 | understand | understood | understood | understand |
| 182 | undertake | undertook | glimpsed | undertake, guarantee |
| 183 | upset | upset | upset | overturn, squeeze |
| 184 | wake | woke; waked | woke; waked | wake up, wake up |
| 185 | wear | wore | worn | wear clothes) |
| 186 | weave | wove; weaved | woven; weaved | weave |
| 187 | wed | wed; married | wed; married | to get married, to get married |
| 188 | weep | wept | wept | cry |
| 189 | will | would | would | want to be |
| 190 | wet | wet; wetted | wet; wetted | wet, you-, pro- |
| 191 | win | won | won | win, get |
| 192 | wind | wound | wound | wind up (mechanism), curl |
| 193 | withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | take back, take away |
| 194 | ring | wrung | wrung | squeeze, squeeze, twist |
| 195 | write | wrote | written | write |
After this video, you will love learning irregular verbs! Yo! :) ...it is advisable for the impatient to watch from 38 seconds
For fans of an advanced teacher and rap lovers, we offer a backing track for a personal way of learning irregular verbs in the karaoke style, and in the future, perhaps, for recording a new personal video with your teacher / teacher / class. Weak or not weak?
2. REGULAR VERBS
When the most difficult part in the form of irregular verbs is mastered (we want to believe that this is so), you can click like nuts and regular English verbs. They are called so because they form the past tense and participle II in exactly the same way. In order not to load your brain once again, we simply denote their form 2 and form 3. And both of them are obtained with the help of the ending - ed.
For example: look-look,work - worked
2.1 And for those who like to get to the bottom of everything in everything, you can conduct a brief educational program about the mysterious term " participle II". First, why participle? Because how else to designate a three-headed dragon, which has signs of 3 parts of speech at once: a verb, an adjective and an adverb. Accordingly, such a form is always found WITH PARTS (at once with three).
Second, why II? Because there is also I . Quite logical Only participle I has an ending -ing, and participle II has an ending -ed in regular verbs, and any ending in irregular ones ( written , built , come ).
2.2 And everything would be fine, but there are some nuances.
If the verb ends with -y, then you need an ending -ied(study-study).
. If the verb consists of one syllable and ends in a consonant, then it doubles ( stop - stopped).
. The final consonant l is always doubled (travel -travelled)
. If the verb ends in -e, then you only need to add -d(translate - translated)
For especially corrosive and attentive, you can also add pronunciation features. For example, after deaf consonants, the ending is pronounced as “t”, after voiced - “d”, after vowels “id”.
Perhaps you heard / invented / read / spied on a way to minimize effort and maximize the efficiency of memorizing irregular verbs, but for some reason we don’t know it yet. Share not only your smile, but also cramming options to please each other with something interesting
The English system of tenses is more complex than the Russian one, but also more informative. This is due to the fact that English grammar has 16 tense forms, which is much more than in Russian.
All 16 English languages are translated into Russian with three tenses of the verb imperfect form:
- present (I do);
- past (I did);
- future (I will do);
and two times perfect look:
- past (I did);
- future (I will).
Since there are more tenses in English, it means that one Russian time can be translated into English in several ways. When translating from Russian into English, it is necessary to determine in what meaning/context this tense is used in the Russian sentence.
Present tense - I'm cooking
Past tense - I cooked, I cooked
| 1. I cooked (cooked) dinner. I can show you how to make a delicious dinner quickly and easily. (past action, result of action on a person in the present tense) | 1. I have cooked dinner. I can show you how to make tasty dinner quickly and simply. () |
| 2. I cooked (cooked) lunch yesterday. (action completed in the elapsed time interval) | 2. I cooked dinner yesterday. () |
| 3. I cooked (cooked) dinner before they arrived. (an action that took place up to a certain point in the past) | 3. I had cooked dinner before they came. () |
| 4. I cooked dinner when he arrived. (a long-term action that took place at a certain moment in the past) | 4. I was cooking dinner when he came. () |
| 5. I cooked lunch was already 2 o'clock when he came. (a long-term action that took place at a certain moment in the past, indicating how long it takes) | 5. I had been cooking dinner for two hours when he came. () |
Future tense - I will cook, I will cook
| 1. I I will cook (cook) lunch tomorrow. (an action that will take place in the future) | 1. I shall cook dinner tomorrow. () |
| 2. I I will cook lunch when he arrives. (long-term action that will be performed at a certain point in the future) | 2. I shall be cooking dinner when he comes. () |
| 3. I already I will cook lunch when they arrive. (an action that will take place up to a certain point in the future) | 3. I shall have been cooking dinner when they come. ( |
