With the help of what auxiliary verbs are formed. Time Present Simple in English. What is the name of the company with the largest market share?

Present (present)

Used: to express a regular, regularly repeated action.
Formed: from the infinitive of the semantic verb (without to); in the 3rd l. units numbers ending -s(Verbs to have and to be have special forms conjugations).
do(does):

Not reads much.
Does he read much?
He does not read much.

Continuous (continued)

Used: to express an action taking place in this moment, at the moment of speaking.
Formed: from an auxiliary verb to be present participle of the semantic verb (participle I) .
In interrogative placed before the subject.
In the negative particle not placed after auxiliary verb.

Is not reading.
Is he reading?
He is not reading.

Perfect (perfect)

Used: to express a completed (or still ongoing) action, the result of which is connected with the present.
Formed: from an auxiliary verb have (has) past participle of the semantic verb (participle II).
In interrogative
In the negative particle not placed after the auxiliary verb.

Hasn't already come.
Has he come?
He has not come yet.

Perfect-Continuous (perfect-continued)

Used: to express an action that began in the past and continues in the present.
Formed: from an auxiliary verb to be in the shape of Present Perfect (have been; has been)
In interrogative auxiliary verb in sentences have or has placed before the subject.
In the negative particle not placed after the first auxiliary verb.

Has not been working here for 5 years.
Has he been working here for 5 years?
He has not been working here for 5 years.

Past (past)

Simple (Indefinite)

Used: to express an action that happened in the past.
By way of education past simple English verbs are divided into standard and non-standard.
Interrogative and negative sentences are formed with an auxiliary verb do in the shape of (did):

Not came yesterday.
Did he come yesterday?
He did not come yesterday.

Continuous (continued)

Used: to express an action that took place at a specific point in time in the past.
Formed: Past Simple (was, were) participle I of the semantic verb.
Interrogative and negative Present continuous:

Was not reading when they came.
Was he reading when they came?
he was not reading when they came.

Perfect (perfect)

Used: to express an action that ended before another action or a specific moment in the past.
Formed: from an auxiliary verb have in the shape of Past Simple (had) participle II of the semantic verb.
Interrogative and negative sentences are formed in the same way as in Present Perfect:

Not had finished his work by 6 o "clock.
Had he finished his work by 6 o "clock?
He had not finished his work by 6 o "clock.

Used: to express an action that began at a certain moment in the past and continued for some time before the start of another action.
Formed: from the auxiliary verb to be in the form Past Perfect (had been) participle I of the semantic verb.
Interrogative and negative sentences are formed in the same way as in Present Perfect Continuous:

Not had been working here for 5 years when the war broke out.

Future (future)

Simple (Indefinite)

Used: to express an action that will happen in the future.
Formed: from auxiliary verbs shall(for the 1st person singular and plural) and will(for other persons and numbers).
In interrogative auxiliary verb in sentences shall and will placed before the subject.
In the negative the particle not is placed after the auxiliary verb.

Will not come tomorrow.
Will he come tomorrow?
He will not come tomorrow.

Continuous (continued)

Used: to express an action that will take place at a certain time in the future.
Formed: from auxiliary verbs shall or will, which are placed before the auxiliary verb to be (without to) Participle I of the semantic verb.
In interrogative In sentences, the first auxiliary verb is placed before the subject.
In negative - not placed after the first auxiliary verb:

Not will be working here from 10 till 12 tomorrow.
Will he be working here from 10 till 12 tomorrow?
He will not be working here from 10 till 12 tomorrow.

Perfect (perfect)

Used: to express an action that will be completed by a certain point in time in the future.
Formed: from auxiliary verbs shall or will semantic verb in the form present perfect.
In interrogative auxiliary verb in sentences shall or will placed before the subject.
In the negative particle not placed after these verbs:

Not will have finished his work by Monday.
Will he have finished his work by Monday?
He will not have finished his work by Monday.

Perfect-Continuous (perfect-continued)

Used: to express an action that, having begun at a certain moment, will still continue at some point in the future.
Formed: from auxiliary verbs shall or will verb to be(in the shape of present perfect) Participle I of the semantic verb.
Interrogative and negative sentences are formed in the same way as others Future Tenses:

By the end of the year he will have been working here for 2 years.

Despite the fact that auxiliary verbs (auxiliary verbs) in English do not have their own meaning, they play a very important role. In combination with semantic (main) verbs, auxiliary verbs form almost.

From our article you will learn how to use auxiliary verbs in English tenses Perfect (perfect) and Continuous (long). We will also tell you what modal verbs and modal phrases are. And the comparative approach of this lesson will improve your understanding of verb tenses in general.

Let's see how exactly auxiliary verbs are involved in the formation of basic tenses.

Recent Past (Present Perfect)

Present Perfect (also known as present perfect or completed) in English describes an action that comes from the past and continues in the present, or happened in the recent past. Time is formed as follows: the form of the auxiliary verb have / has + III form of the main verb.

• my sister has come back from school. My sister has (already) returned from school.
• Tom has studied for 6 years. Tom has been studying for 6 years.
• Mother has cooked the whole day. Mom spent the whole day cooking.
• Jane has just finished doing her homework. Jane has just finished doing her homework.
• I have slept for six hours. — I slept for six hours.
• They have worked on this project for two last weeks. They have been working on this project for the last two weeks.

Long Past (Past Perfect)

(past perfect) describes an action in the past that began and ended at a specific time in the past. Past Perfect is formed as follows: auxiliary verb had + III form of the verb.

• We had left home when she arrived. By the time she arrived, we had already left the house.
• Jane had demonstrated no fright before the airplane took off. Before the plane took off, Jane showed no fear.
• Max finally repaired his car that he had bought two years ago. Max finally fixed his car, which he bought two years ago.
• The child had broken the toy before his mother paid for that. The child broke the toy (already) before his mother paid for it.

Continued action in the present (Present Continuous)

(present continuous or continuous) denotes an action that is happening at the moment, or that will happen in the near future.

It is formed as follows: auxiliary verb to be (am, is, are) + main verb + ending -ing.

• The family is having breakfast now. The family is having breakfast at the moment.
• Jane is preparing for an important exam. Jane is preparing for an important exam.
• I'm going to visit that museum soon. I am going to visit this museum in the near future.
• We are going to build a new house soon. We plan to build a new house in the near future.

Continued action in the past (Past Continuous)

Past Continuous(past continuous / continuous) denotes an action that was going on at a certain point in time in the past. It is formed as follows: the forms of the auxiliary verb to be (was, were) + the main verb + the ending -ing.

• Tom was helping his brother with his homework the whole yesterday evening. Tom helped his brother with his homework all evening yesterday.
• Jane was swimming in the pool for two hours yesterday. Yesterday Jane swam in the pool for two hours.
• They were trying to mend the car for two hours this morning. This morning they tried to fix the car for two hours.
• We were having our dinner when the neighbor came. When the neighbor came in, we were having dinner.

Other Auxiliary Verbs (Modal Verbs)

If the verb can, will, shall, may, could, would, should, might or must appear first in the auxiliary verb + main verb construction, then they remain unchanged. In such cases, it is not necessary, as, for example, in Present Continuous or Past Continuous.

Let's look at examples:

• I must study hard to pass the exams successfully. — In order to pass the exam successfully, I have to study hard.
• We should be careful when crossing the street. We must be careful when crossing the street.
• You will go to the trip in summer. You are going on a trip this summer.
• He may work harder to earn more money. To earn more, he can work harder.
• She might win the prize. She could have won a prize.
• They could stay in the mountains for two days more. “They could have stayed in the mountains for another two days.

Modal phrases

Such as could have, would have, must have attach the semantic verb in III form.

Let's look at them with examples:

• She must have prepared her evening dress in advance. She had to cook Evening Dress in advance.
• We could have left for vacations unless the car breakage. — If it weren’t for the breakdown of the car, we could have gone on vacation by now.
• He would have reached the peak if he had started his climb two days earlier. If he had started climbing two days earlier, he would have reached the summit by now.

Modal phrases used to, have to, have got to, be able to, ought to, be supposed to form constructions with a semantic verb in I form.

Consider examples.

Which denotes an action or state. Depending on what meaning the verb has and whether it has at all, as well as what role it plays in the sentence, all English verbs can be divided into three groups: semantic verbs ( notational verbs), service ( semi-auxiliary verbs) and ( auxiliary verbs). Semantic verbs have a meaning, and in a sentence they are a simple verbal predicate. Service verbs lexical meaning are deprived, and in a sentence they are used only as part of a compound nominal or verbal predicate. We will talk more about auxiliary verbs in English language.

What are auxiliary verbs in English?

Auxiliary verbs in English have no lexical meaning. These verbs are used only in conjunction with semantic verbs to create compound (analytical) forms.
Here are the most common verbs:

• to be (am, are, is, was, were, been);
• to do (do, does, did);
• to have (have, has, had);
• shall (should);
• will (would).

Verb to be in certain forms is used to form the simple present ( ) and past tense ( ). The choice of the form of this verb in the specified tenses depends on the number and person of the subject. Am- for 1 person, unit. numbers; are- for 1 person pl. numbers, 2 persons singular and many others. numbers, 3 persons pl. numbers; is- for a third person numbers. In the past time was used for the singular, and were- for plural. It is part of a compound predicate in the present, past and future continuous ( / / ). Examples:

She is at the hospital now. “Now she is in the hospital.

We were next to your house yesterday. We were near your house yesterday.

I am working at the moment. - At the moment I'm working.

An auxiliary verb in English like to do has three forms: do/does/did. The form does is used with the third person singular, in other cases we choose do. This applies to the simple present tense - present simple. In simple past tense - past simple- use only the verb did. This auxiliary verb is needed to form interrogative and negative sentences in the tenses listed. Examples:

She doesn't do her work thoroughly. - She doesn't do her job thoroughly.

You didn't find a way out. You didn't find a way out.

He doesn't feel good. - He feels bad.

Auxiliary to have has three forms: have, has, had. This verb is used to form compound forms of the present, past and future perfect tenses ( / / ) and the same perfect continuous tenses in English ( / / ). The form have is needed for all persons and numbers, except for the third person singular. In this case, we use the form has. It's all in present tense. In the past - form had for all subjects. Examples:

He has just written the letter. - He just wrote a letter.

We had finished building this house when they came. By the time they arrived, we had already finished building the house.

Auxiliary verbs in English, namely shall and will needed for education. It's about about simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous tenses ( , Future Continuous, Future Perfect , Future Perfect Continuous). Auxiliary Verb shall practically not used, and earlier it was used with pronouns of the 1st person, both singular and plural. Forms should / would needed in sentences that follow the rules. Examples:

My father will come in two days. My father will arrive in two days.

We shall be cooking tomorrow. - Tomorrow we will cook.

A friend of mine told me he would read this book at the weekends. My friend said that he would read this book at the weekend.

Auxiliary verbs in English are not numerous, but it is necessary to know them, since the formation and use of the tenses of this language depends on them.

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Auxiliary verbs (auxiliary verbs) are helper verbs. They express only different grammatical meanings. Auxiliary verbs are very important because they show tense, number, person and voice. They are used together with semantic verbs that express the action itself.

What are the auxiliary verbs in English?

First of all, of course, to be, to have and to do, which are used almost everywhere, as well as modal verbs: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, will and would.

To be, to do and to have differ from other auxiliary verbs in that they can also be used in a sentence as semantic verbs.

Let's take a closer look at the verbs to be, to do and to have. (We will talk about modal verbs in a separate article).

Auxiliary verb TO BE

How and where is it used?

Auxiliary to be is used both in affirmative and interrogative and negative sentences in the Continuous tenses, as well as in the formation of all tenses in the passive voice.

Form features:

In the table below you can see all forms of the verb to be in Present Simple. It is these forms that are involved in the formation of the Present Continuous time.

I	am (='m)	am not ('m not)
We/You/They	are (= 're)	are not (aren't / 're not)
He / She / It	is (='s)	is not (isn't / 's not)

The forms of the verb to be in Past Simple can be found in the table below. It is these forms that are involved in the formation of the Past Continuous. The negative form is also formed by adding a particle not.

I / He / She / It	was	wasn't (= wasn't)
We/You/They	were	were not (=weren't)

AT interrogative sentences the verb to be is used before the subject. In short answers to general questions (= questions that can be answered with "Yes" or "No") - after the subject. This applies to both Present Simple and Past Simple (and, accordingly, Present Continuous and Past Continuous).

For example:

—Is he writing a letter now?

-Yes, he is./ No, he isn't.

—was he doing his homework at 6 p. m. yesterday?

-Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't.

NB: in a short affirmative answer is used long form verb to be (are, was etc.), and in a short negative answer, as a rule, abbreviated (aren't, wasn't etc.).

The negative form of the imperative mood is formed with do not (don't), i.e., as a general rule.

For example:

Don't be sad. = Don't be sad.

Also to be participates in the formation of tenses in the passive voice.

For example:

The dinner is being served now.

The book was read yesterday.

AuxiliaryTO DO

How and where is it used?

Auxiliary to do used in interrogative and negative sentences, in short answers to general questions, as well as in affirmative sentences to enhance the emotional coloring of the statement in the Present Simple and Past Simple tenses.

Form features:

AT present Simple the verb has one form for pronouns I / you / we / they and another form for He /She / It in both affirmative and negative sentences. The negative form is formed by adding a particle not. In the table below you can see what forms the verb to do has in Present Simple.

In interrogative sentences, the verb to do (in the appropriate form) is used before the subject in both Present Simple and Past Simple. In short answers to general questions - after the subject.

—Do you work long hours?

— Yes, I do. / no, I don't.

-did he tell you about it?

— Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.

Also to do used to enhance the emotional coloring in affirmative sentences. In such sentences, after to do, the first form of the semantic verb is used (infinitive without the particle ‘to’).

For example:

I do love yoga! = I really/really love yoga!

He does appreciate it! = He really appreciates it!

We did try help! = We really tried to help!

In such sentences, it is very important to focus on the verb to do(= to say it louder and in a higher voice than usual).

Auxiliary verb TO HAVE

How and where is it used?

Auxiliary tohave used in affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences, as well as in short answers to general questions in group tenses perfect.

Form features:

Consider how the verb is used in the Present Perfect and Past Perfect tenses.

In time Present Perfect verb to have has one form for pronouns I / you / we / they and another form for pronouns he / she / it. The negative form is formed by adding a particle not.

I/You/We/They	have	have not (= haven't)
He / She / It	has	has not (= hasn't)

NB: it is important to remember that if the verb have used as semantic in Present Simple time, then negation is built by adding a particle not to the auxiliary verb do, not have.

For example:

She doesn't have anytime.

However, if the sentence uses the construction have got, then negation is built according to the rule described in the table above. For example: She hasn't got a car.

In the Past Perfect tense, the form of the verb to have is the same for all persons and numbers. The negative form is also formed by adding a particle not.

I/You/We/They/He/She/It

had

had not (=hadn't)

In interrogative sentences, the verb to have is used before the subject in both Present Perfect and Past Perfect. In short answers to general questions - after the subject.

For example:

-has she bought a car yet?

-Yes, she / No, she hasnt.

—Had he made dinner before 6 p.m.?

Yes, he had./ No, he hadn't.