Schemes of experiments with air in kindergarten. Entertaining experiments for older preschoolers with air. Inflating a balloon in a bottle
Dear colleagues! I currently work with preschool children and use experimentation extensively as a method to develop thinking and imagination. Children's experimentation contributes to the expansion of horizons, enrichment of the experience of independent activity, self-development of the personality of preschoolers. I want to tell you how our group got acquainted with the properties of air.
Experiments for preschoolers aimed at getting to know the properties of air
According to the approximate general education program“From Birth to School” edited by Veraksa, within the framework of the week of science, we conducted elementary experiments with air, determined the direction of the wind, observed the clouds, and worked on the weather site. And the children began to ask questions: “How does a balloon fly”, “Why do some balloons fly away, while others do not”, “Where does the wind come from”, “How do they clean the air”, etc.
There was a need to organize a variety of experiments that will help children find out the properties of air and wind, and understand how these properties are used by a person. The joint activity was built on the principle “from simple to complex”, taking into account the peculiarities of visual-effective thinking, the material was selected so as to involve all analyzers: visual, auditory, tactile.
Dry Wipe Experience
The first experiment made it possible to explain the operation of the diving bell. The air does not allow the container to be completely filled with water, leaving a space in which a person can breathe.
The children were asked to put a glass into the water, at the bottom of which there is a dry napkin. If you gently lower the glass, you can feel the resistance. After the glass is turned over, the napkin remains dry. Why? Some children suggested a second bottom, but it turned out that it was the air in the glass that kept the napkin from getting wet.
Air Compression Experience
During the second experiment, the children tried to compress the air and found that it has elasticity. (for the experiment, we used massage balls and sea stones) It turned out that air elasticity is taken into account in the manufacture of tires, balls, mattresses and many other useful things.
Experience "Naughty snakes"
All children were given the opportunity to express their assumptions and prove them empirically. For example, we watched how hot air rises and understood why a balloon flies.
Two paper snakes were fixed on the bracket. Under one of them is placed a burning candle. The air, when heated, will begin to rise up and the snake will begin to unwind.
Experience "Energy from the wind"
Then we got acquainted with the structure and mechanism of operation of a wind power generator. It consists of a rotor (propeller), a motor and an LED bulb.
Inside the motor is an anchor wrapped in wire. On both sides it is compressed by magnets. When the rotor is spinning, the armature rotates very quickly, rubs against the magnet and it turns out electricity, causing the light to turn on. The children themselves turned the wind into electricity. This experience caused a great emotional response in children, they shared their impressions with their parents, and we showed such an experiment even to adults within the framework.
Experience "Candle in the jar"
In conclusion, we were looking for an answer to the question "How much oxygen is in the air." We placed a burning candle on a saucer of water, and then the children were asked to cover the candle with a glass. As a result, we saw that the oxygen necessary for burning the candle burned out, and water took its place, 1/5 of the entire composition of the air, which means that oxygen must be protected, not polluted. environment. So there was a new topic for discussion and detailed acquaintance.
Results of experimentation
The results of the experiments were displayed on the board using diagrams, drawings, symbols, which develops schematic, abstract thinking, the ability to summarize and analyze their work.
The value of real experimentation lies in the ability to discover aspects of an object or phenomenon hidden from simple observation. Experiments independently conducted by children allow them to generalize knowledge and draw conclusions about the relationships of all phenomena in nature and human life.
By arranging work in this way, we lay in preschoolers the ability to identify a problem and independently look for ways to solve it, understanding that every act of a person can change the world around them.
You may need a summary of this event, thematic planning in preschool group
We decided to tell you what experiments can be done with air and indoors.
Non-flowing water
Take two bottles and insert a funnel into each of them. On one of the bottles, cover the neck around the funnel with plasticine so that there is no gap or hole. First, pour a little into a bottle without plasticine - it gets inside without hindrance.
And now try to fill the bottle with plasticine - apart from a few drops of water, nothing else will fall into the bottle! And all because the air in this container has no way to get out of there.
through the gap between the neck and the funnel. And the force of air pressure in the bottle is greater than the force of gravity pulling down from the funnel, so the water remains in the funnel - until at least a tiny hole is made between the neck and the funnel.
Rocket launch
This fun will be interesting to the baby for a long time. Stretch a thread between two chairs located at opposite ends of the room, after passing it through a tube from the juice. Inflate the balloon and pinch the end with a clothespin to prevent air from escaping. Draw portholes on the ball with a felt-tip pen and write, for example, "Soyuz". Using adhesive tape, glue the ball to the tube and pull it to one of the ends of the stretched thread. Open the clothespin and enjoy the high-speed rocket launch.
You can clearly see the whole process in this video made by foreign enthusiasts. In principle, everything is clear and without translation./p>
Dancing coin
Surprise your baby with this trick - put a large coin on top of a bottle with a long neck, after moistening the rim of the neck. Place the bottle with the coin in the basin. Start pouring warm water into the basin. You will see how the coin starts to move and even bounce - this is due to the fact that the air expands from heat and tries to escape from the bottle, while pushing the coin.
air racing
With the help of air movement, objects can be moved. To test this, arrange paper races. On one side of a sheet of paper, fold about 2-3 cm up, lay flat on a clean table. Each player should have such a "racing" sheet. Draw a finishing line or string a thread as a finishing tape. On command, start waving the cartons behind the sheets of paper, moving them forward with air currents.
As a variation of the game, you can use the power of your breathing, at the same time you will train the nasolabial muscles, which is very useful for the development of the child's speech.
Singing air
Show your child how to play music with bottles. If you blow over the neck of an empty bottle, the air inside it will vibrate and produce a sound. Arrange several bottles in a row with different amounts of water in them. The more water, the correspondingly less air will remain in the bottle, and the less air, the faster it vibrates and the higher the sound. Guided by this principle, you can try to play some simple melody.
Air weight
Does your young researcher doubt the existence of such an invisible substance as air? Then do a little experiment. Take a stick and two identical balloons. Hang the stick exactly in the middle, and hang equally inflated balls around the edges. The stick hangs evenly, which means that the balls weigh the same. Now pierce one of the balloons with a needle, it will burst and release the air. What's going on with the stick? It will immediately tilt towards the inflated balloon, because it is heavier than an empty one, which means that air exists and even has weight!
Life vest
Guess which of the oranges will sink faster - with or without a peel? The question is posed incorrectly - generally only one will sink. Without peel. And even though the one in the peel is heavier, it will continue to stay on the water sooner, because it has a “life jacket” on it: there are many air bubbles in the peel, which work as lifeguards, pushing the sinking orange to the surface of the water .
The same principle can be seen using sparkling water and a piece of plasticine the size of a grain of rice. If you throw plasticine into a glass of carbonated water, it will first sink, and then float to the surface, covered with air bubbles. The effect will end when the gas is exhausted - the plasticine will sink.
Technological map experimental learning activities
O educational area: "Knowledge", "Health"
Chapter: natural science
T ema: " The secrets of our health»
Target: To expand children's ideas about the importance of air in human life. To give an idea that in order to be healthy you need clean air.
Tasks:
Show that air is everywhere around us, ways to detect it. Teach children to perform elementary experiments. Generate interest in research activities. Develop the ability to establish the simplest cause-and-effect relationships and draw conclusions based on elementary experience.
Form initial ecological ideas
Vocabulary: aboutenrich and activate the vocabulary with the words-names of experiments.
SR: to teach children to answer the questions of the teacher, to participate in the dialogue.
P preliminary work: learning poems about the air, solving riddles.
O Equipment: plastic bags, transparent cups with water, Balloons, cocktail tubes, napkins, feathers.
vocabulary work : transparent, clean. easy
Multilingual Component: moldir- clear-transparent, pelvis-clean-tide
Stages
activities
Actions of the educator
Children's actions
Motivational
incentive
Offers organize a circle of joy:
Creates motivation for educational activities: SMS message receivedfrom Luntik.
Is reading children messagethat he sent a parcel with a letter to the children.
reports, that I saw some nice box in the reception area on the closet.
Children stand in a circle holding hands.
Repeat words and movements after the teacher:
Hello golden sun!
Hello blue sky!
Hello free breeze!
Hello little oak tree!
We live in the same region
I welcome you all!
Organizational - search
Brings box to the group, reads the letter
Considers with children injured ball.
Question for children:
Why do you think the ball became small? What's inside the ball?
Puts in front of children a problematic situation:
How to help Luntik?
Encourages to solve the problem:
To help Luntik, you need to learn everything about the air
Helps children learn the properties of air:
We breathe air, do we see it?
Experimental activities: How to see the air
Experience"With a napkin"
And I have another question for you. You exhale the air, which means that it is inside us. But how does he get to us?
The teacher notes All people breathe through their nose.
Offers show how the nose breathes. Apply a tissue to your face.
How else can you see the air
Experience with the "pipe"
Questions for children:
What's happening?
What did you see?
Experience with plastic bags
Can you catch air?
Offers try to catch air.
Demonstrates package.
What is in the package?
Offers take the bag and open it with both hands, using scooping movements to “catch air”.
Questions:
What's in the package now? What was the package like? Has the package color changed?
What color is the air?
Conclusion: air has no color, it is transparent.
Is the package heavy?
Offers to conclude
Experience with fans
Can you feel the air?
Offers close eyes, waving fan on the children.
What do you feel?
Experience "How to hear the air"
Can you hear the air?
Offers to squeeze the package and listen to what is happening.
What do you hear?
What's happening?
Questions for children:
Can a person live without air?
What kind of air should you breathe?
What was the napkin?
What has she become?
Continues a conversation about the properties of air: The air itself has no smell, but it can carry odors. By the smell transferred from the kitchen, we guess what dish they have prepared for us.
Experience "Air can carry odors"
Reports that now children will learn that the air carries smells by experience.
invites on the carpet, reports that, first, they must prepare for the experiment, for this it is necessary to do special breathing exercises.
Offers take feathers, put in the palm of your hand.
Offers with closed eyes smell the aroma.
Distributes for children aromas: perfume, seasoning, coffee, orange.
Notes what we learned today, for a healthy lifestyle, we need air, what needs to be done for this
And what else have we learned? What kind of air do we need to be healthy?
Offers a break
Held fizminutka in English.
He reports that the children helped L, the ball became large, we found out why L coughed.
Puts problematic situation. How can I send a parcel back to Luntik.
Offers Build a railroad with Lego bricks.
Considering a parcel from Luntik,
listening to the letter.
“Dear guys, they gave me balloons for my birthday, but one of them became small in the morning, what happened to the balloon? Help me understand what.
Guys, I wanted to come to you myself, but I can’t because I’m sick, I have a cough.
And maybe you can make the ball the same big and beautiful.
Thank you, your friend Luntik.
They make their guesses:
blown away
air
We need to make the ball big.
Fill it up with air
children conclude:
air is invisible
They go to the lab. Putting on aprons
- Through the nose
They notice that when we inhale and exhale air, the napkin moves.
We inhaled and exhaled, the air moved and the breeze turned out
As shown by the teacher, the end of the tube is lowered into the water and blown into it.
Bubbles are coming
It's air coming out
Children do not know the answer, make assumptions
Pay attention to the package
It is noted that it is empty, flat.
They take the bag with both hands, open it with scooping movements, fill the bag with air.
Air in the bag
note that it has become large, convex, it is swollen.
Remained the same
Colorless
The package is light
Children note - air has no weight
Children think
Conclusion: Air is weightless
Children answer that they do not feel the air
Feel the breeze
Breeze
Conclusion: the air can be felt
The kids don't know the answer
Gradually squeeze the package, listen.
Hiss
This is how air comes out.
They conclude - the air can be heard
Experience: a white damp cloth is placed on the mat and tapped on the carpet.
Pure, white
Grey, dirty
Conclusion: the air around us must be clean.
Listen carefully to the teacher.
Children's stories about how they guess what mom is cooking.
Pass to the carpet for further action.
They sit down on chairs, take a feather in their hands, put it in their palms.
By showing the example of the teacher. Take a deep breath and blow it out strongly on the feather. To make the feather fly as far as possible.
Children close their eyes.
The smell determines what kind of aroma the air carried.
It smells like an orange
It smells like perfume, etc.
Conclusion: the air itself is odorless, but can carry odors, aromas.
Ventilate the room, go for a walk, do wet cleaning.
The air must be clean.
Repeat the words of the movement after the teacher.
Children's answers:
By car
By bus
By rail.
Opt for the railroad.
They go to the desks. Perform teamwork for construction railway. Fasten the parts together. After the end of the “road”, a parcel is sent to Luntik.
Reflective - corrective
reflective conversation : Informs a gift from Luntik a balloon. Now we will pass it around in a circle and tell what we found out about air today.
Children pass the balloon and say that they have learned that the air is colorless, does not smell, but tolerates the smell. Lightweight, you can hear and feel it. That health needs clean air.
Expected result
Playback: Words in Kazakh. moldir - transparent, taza - clean; zhonil-easy
Understand: air properties (colourless, odorless, light, invisible)
Apply: experiential skills.
Svetlana Chebysheva
Experience number 1. "Where is the air hiding?"
Equipment: cellophane bags, toothpicks.
Tell me, can you see the air around us? (no, we don't see)
So what is air? (invisible).
Let's catch some air.
Take plastic bags from the table and try to catch air.
Roll up the packages.
What happened to the packages? (they puffed up, took shape)
Try squeezing the package. Why doesn't it work? (there is air inside)
Where can this property of air be used? (inflatable mattress, life buoy).
Let's conclude: Air has no form, it takes the form of the object into which it enters.
Now look at your hand through the bag. Do you see a hand? (we see).
So what is air? (it is transparent, colorless, invisible).
Let's check, is there really air inside?
Take a sharp stick and carefully pierce the bag. Bring it to your face and press it with your hands.
What do you feel? (hiss).
This is how air comes out. We don't see it, but we feel it.
What can be concluded now? Air cannot be seen, but it can be felt.
Conclusion: Air is transparent, invisible, colorless, without form.
Experience number 2. "How to see the air?"
Equipment: straws for a cocktail, glasses with water.
Blow through the tube onto your palm.
What did the palm feel? (air movement - breeze).
We breathe air through the mouth or through the nose, and then we exhale it.
Can we see the air we breathe?
Let's try. Immerse the tube in a glass of water and blow.
Bubbles appeared on the water.
Where did the bubbles come from? (This is the air we exhaled).
Where do the bubbles float - rise up or sink to the bottom?
(Air bubbles rise up).
Because air is light, it is lighter than water. When all the air is out, there will be no bubbles.
Conclusion: Air is lighter than water.
Experience number 3. "Air is invisible"
Equipment: a large transparent container with water, a glass, a napkin.
At the bottom of the glass, you need to fix a paper napkin. Turn the glass upside down and slowly lower it into a container of water.
To draw the children's attention to the fact that the glass must be held very evenly. They took the glass out of the water and touched the napkin, it was dry.
What happens? Does water get into the glass? Why not?
This proves that there was air in the glass, which kept the water out of the glass. And since there is no water, it means that she cannot wet the napkin.
The children are invited to lower the glass into the jar of water again, but now they are invited to hold the glass not straight, but slightly tilted.
What appears in the water? (visible air bubbles).
Where did they come from? Air leaves the glass and water takes its place.
Conclusion: The air is transparent, invisible.
Experience number 4. "Air Movement"
Equipment: Fans made from colored paper in advance.
Guys, can we feel the movement of air? What about seeing?
When walking, we often observe the movement of air. (trees sway, clouds run, turntable spins, steam from mouth).
Can we feel the movement of air in the room? How? (fan).
We cannot see the air, but we can feel it.
Take the fans and wave them in the face.
What do you feel? (Feel the air moving).
Conclusion: The air is moving.
Experience number 5. "Does air have weight?"
Equipment: two equally inflated balloons, a toothpick, scales ( can be replaced with a stick about 60 cm long. Fasten a rope in its middle, and balloons at the ends).
Invite the children to think about what would happen if you pierced one of the balloons with a sharp object.
Poke one of the inflated balloons with a toothpick.
Air will come out of the balloon, and the end to which it is tied will rise up. Why? (The balloon without air has become lighter).
What happens when we pierce the second ball too?
Poke a second ball with a toothpick.
You will regain your balance. Balloons without air weigh the same as inflated ones.
Conclusion: Air has weight.
Target: show the children that there is air around us, give an idea of how to detect it; ; required for combustion; introduce the weight of air; using the experience of children, .
Preliminary work:
Observation of the movement of trees (swaying of trees, branches, leaves in the wind);
Games with balloons(inflation);
Games with turntables on the street;
Games "Listen, wind", "Who does it look like?";
Examination of paintings depicting the action of the wind.
Material: an aquarium with water, glasses of different sizes, one glass with a napkin attached to the bottom; funnel, test tubes in a rack; 2 flasks; candle; scales; a set of weights; glass rod, rubber dropper tube, 2 balloons.
The course of experimenting children with air:
Educator. Guys, sit down comfortably, today we will have a very unusual activity, which I hope you will like and remember; you can tell the children about it in your yard. But for this you need to be very careful. To get started, I need to find out if you know who scientists are and what they do? (Children's answers.)
That's right, scientists are people who study everything in the world: animals, birds, the starry sky, earth, water - everything that surrounds us. To do this, they have rooms - laboratories and many, many laboratory equipment that helps them conduct experiments.
Displayed laboratory equipment.
Now we will be scientists. Look carefully at the glass (empty). What is in this glass? (Nothing.)
There is something in this glass, you just haven't seen it. There is air here. Although it is invisible, it can still be detected and something can be learned about it.
I experiment:(the teacher is experimenting, the children are watching): lower the glass, turned upside down, into an aquarium with water. (Part of the air remains in the glass. This is clearly visible. When the glass is tilted, the air leaves it and rises in the form of bubbles to the surface.)
Is there water in the glass? (Yes, few.)
II experiment:(for confirmation, children perform); lower the glass with a napkin attached to the bottom into the water. (The napkin stays dry as some of the air remains in the glass.)
Did the water soak the tissue? What do you think? (The glass is taken out, the napkin is checked. It is dry.) Why is it dry? (Wet the napkin with water was prevented by the air that was in the glass.)
Guys, there's air everywhere, not just in this room. It is impossible to see him. He is invisible. How can you find it anyway? How can you feel it?
III experiment:
Wave your hands in front of your face. (Children perform.) Stretch your lips with a tube and blow on your palms. (The face feels the air.) Does the air smell? (Yes.) What does the air in the group smell like? (Nothing.)
IV experiment:
If you add a little bit of another substance to the air, you can smell it. (Sprays deodorant.) What does it smell like? (Children's answers.)
Air is everywhere and everything needs it. People, animals, plants, insects, fish breathe air. What would happen if the air suddenly disappeared?
V experiment:"Without breathing": children cover their nose and mouth with their palm. No more than 30 seconds.
You can't live without air. Pure is very useful for a person and all living things, good air, even for fire it is needed, but only very clean.
VIexperiment: a candle burns inside a closed flask.
Fire will burn as long as there is air. As soon as he disappears, the candle will go out. We will put a flask with a candle and watch when it goes out. And while it burns, I'll show you another experiment.
VII experiment: how a person exhales air into water through a tube. The teacher exhales the exhausted air from himself, and it rises up in the form of bubbles.
Bubbles are the air that a person exhales. Take strips (leaves) of paper and blow on them lightly, then stronger. What will happen to the stripes? (Stripes sway)
Air can move, move. When he moves over the earth from one place to another, they say: "The wind is blowing." When the air moves, it makes other objects move: branches of trees, waves on the sea.
VIII experiment: balloons are weighed.
First you need to weigh two uninflated balloons. They balance each other. Then weigh one balloon not inflated, and the other inflated. The inflated balloon will pull.
Why did one pan of the scales sink? Which ball is heavier? Why? Pay attention to the flask in which the candle burned. It went out because the air ran out.
Children record all experiments in their drawings.
- And now, guys, remember what you learned today?
- Air is invisible.
- He is everywhere.
- Air is needed for breathing of people and animals. Even a fire needs clean air.
- Air moves and makes other things move. It is called the wind.
- Air can be weighed.)
Here are some interesting discoveries made by scientists in laboratories. Soon you will go to school and learn a lot about the air and much more. Perhaps one of you will become a scientist.
