Regions by the number of HIV infected. Official statistics of HIV, AIDS in Russia (latest data)

MOSCOW, July 23 - RIA Novosti. Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk and Yekaterinburg are leaders in the number of HIV and AIDS infections among Russian cities. This was announced by the head of Rospotrebnadzor Anna Popova at the youth educational forum "Territory of Meanings on the Klyazma" in the Vladimir region.

“Do you know that Kemerovo is among the leaders in the country in terms of this danger? Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Yekaterinburg, unfortunately, these are the points that are burning on our map today,” the head of the supervisory department said.

She emphasized that in order to prevent the spread of HIV among children and young people, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive information about protection against various infections, and not separate sex education lessons.

“We need to engage in hygienic education, we need to tell people how not to get sick with any infections. Each infection has its own mode of transmission,” said Popova.

Epidemic or not?

In May, Russian Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova reported that the number of HIV infections in the country in 2016 decreased by 15% compared to 2015.

"The number of new cases of HIV infection dropped sharply in 2016: we have a total of 86.8 thousand new cases, and in 2015 there were more than a hundred thousand people. A reduction of 15%," the head of the Ministry of Health said. At the same time, according to her, as a result of improved quality of clinical and laboratory monitoring and treatment, patients with HIV are now living longer.

However, the head of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vadim Pokrovsky did not agree with these data. According to him, the HIV epidemic continues in Russia, and the situation is getting worse.

"Over the past year, 2016, we have reported 103.5 thousand new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens. This is 5.3% more than in 2015. 98,232 people were registered there," the virologist said. He stressed that in percentage terms this is a slight decrease, but in absolute terms, the incidence of HIV continues to grow.

Skvortsova and Pokrovsky agreed on one thing - in assessing the number of registered HIV-infected citizens in Russia. The minister and the virologist gave similar figures - from 860 to 870 thousand people.

At the same time, Pokrovsky noted that in fact there are about 1.2-1.4 million HIV-infected people in Russia, that is, about half a million more than officially registered.

Is HIV a disease of the young?

According to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vadim Pokrovsky, the age at which the highest probability of contracting HIV is 30-39 years. In this age group, according to the scientist, every 50th is infected.

Among men, cases of infection occur predominantly at the age of 35-39 years (2.8%), and among women - at the age of 30-34 years (1.6%), the virologist noted. He explained this by the fact that women are more likely to have sexual intercourse with older men. Moreover, it is sexual contacts that are the main risk factor for the incidence of HIV infection for women.

“Sexual contacts in our country now for the last, 2016, year came out on top almost - about the same percentage of cases of new infections as with drug use. 48.8% became infected through drug use, 48.7% through heterosexual contacts, 5% - with homosexual contacts," the academician said in May.

He added that over the past year in Russia there were 16 cases of suspected HIV infection in medical facilities using non-sterile medical instruments, as well as three cases of blood transfusion.

Virus - fight

The Ministry of Health is taking measures to combat HIV - the department has developed a State strategy to counter the spread of infection until 2020. One of the main directions of the document is primary prevention, which includes informing citizens about protection against infection. In addition, actions are regularly held in Russia aimed at combating the spread of the virus.

Thus, in July, the Ministry of Health, together with the Russian Railways, sent a specially equipped wagon from Vladivostok to St. Petersburg, where you can get tested for HIV free of charge.

"The car will travel across the country - from Vladivostok to St. Petersburg, making stops in the 24 most HIV-affected regions. Both on the train itself and at the train stations at its stops, everyone will be able to take an HIV test," the message said. departments.

In May, Rospotrebnadzor launched an all-Russian HIV prevention hotline as part of the Stop HIV/AIDS campaign, which was held in the country from May 15 to May 21 for the third time. During this time, events of various formats were organized in the regions: volunteer actions of mercy to work with risk groups, to prevent discrimination against people with HIV, to support palliative care centers for AIDS patients, as well as charity marathons and flash mobs.

TASS-DOSIER. From May 15 to May 21, 2017, the All-Russian Action "Stop HIV/AIDS" will be held in Russia for the third time. It is organized by the Foundation for Social and Cultural Initiatives (the President of the Foundation is the wife of the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Svetlana Medvedeva). The action is supported by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education and Science, the Ministry of Communications of Russia, Rosmolodezh, Rospotrebnadzor, as well as the Union of Rectors of Russia, leading state universities of the Russian Federation and the Russian Orthodox Church.

It is dedicated to the World AIDS Day of Remembrance, which is held annually on the third Sunday of May. Its goal is to draw attention to this problem in Russia, to raise awareness of the population, especially young people, about the disease.

Campaign "Stop HIV/AIDS"

The all-Russian action "Stop HIV/AIDS" began to be held in Russia in 2016. The key event of the first action, held in May, was an open student forum. The second action was timed to the World AIDS Day (December 1) and took place at the end of November. It started at the II All-Russian Forum for specialists in the prevention and treatment of the disease (November 28).

As part of the campaign, an open lesson "Knowledge - Responsibility - Health" was held in senior secondary schools, at which a film about topical issues counteracting HIV infection.

HIV/AIDS disease

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects immune system and weakens the body's defenses against a wide range of infections and diseases, including some types of cancer. HIV-infected people gradually develop immunodeficiency.

The last stage of the disease that develops when infected with the human immunodeficiency virus is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), when the human body loses the ability to defend itself against infections and tumors. At different people AIDS can develop 2-15 years after HIV infection.

There is no cure for HIV infection. However, with antiretroviral treatment, the virus can be controlled and transmission prevented. This facilitates and prolongs the life of those infected with the infection.

Statistics for Russia

The epidemiological situation of HIV infection in Russia (the first case was detected in 1987) is unfavorable, cases of the disease have been identified in all regions of the Russian Federation.

According to Rospotrebnadzor, as of December 31, 2016, since 1987, 1 million 114 thousand 815 cases of HIV infection have been registered among citizens of the Russian Federation, of which 243 thousand 863 people have died. Thus, at the beginning of 2017, 870,952 Russians were living with HIV/AIDS in Russia, which is 0.59% of the total population of the country (146,804,372). As of December 31, 2016, the prevalence of HIV was 594.3 people with an established diagnosis per 100,000 of the country's population.

The number of newly diagnosed HIV infections in the country continues to rise. According to Rospotrebnadzor, in 2011-2016. the annual growth averaged 10%. In 2016, the territorial centers for the prevention and control of AIDS registered 103,438 new cases of HIV infection (excluding those identified anonymously and foreign citizens) - 5.3% more than in 2015 (95,475).

High prevalence of HIV is observed in the 30 largest subjects of the Russian Federation, where 45.3% of the country's population lives. The most unfavorable regions, where the number of people living with HIV exceeds 1 thousand people per 100 thousand population, are Sverdlovsk (1648 per 100 thousand population), Irkutsk (1636), Kemerovo (1583), Samara (1477), Orenburg (1217) regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1202), Leningrad (1147), Tyumen (1085), Chelyabinsk (1079) and Novosibirsk (1022) regions.

A high level of HIV infection in the Russian Federation is observed in the age group from 30 to 39 years. Among young people (15-20 years old), more than 1.1 thousand people with HIV infection are registered annually. Cases of infection in children continue to be detected breastfeeding: in 2014, 41 children were infected, in 2015 - 47 children, in 2016 - 59.

In 2016, 675,403 patients (77.5% of all those living with a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS) were registered at the dispensary in specialized medical organizations. Of these, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy (42.3% of those registered).

HIV/AIDS in the world

Some scientists believe that HIV was transmitted from monkeys to humans as early as the 1920s. The first victim of this disease may have been a man who died in 1959 in the Congo. This conclusion was reached by doctors who later analyzed his medical history.

For the first time, the symptoms of the disease, characteristic of HIV/AIDS, were described in 1981 during a survey in clinics in Los Angeles and New York of several men of non-traditional sexual orientation. In 1983, researchers from the US and France described a virus capable of causing HIV/AIDS. Since 1985, blood tests for HIV have been available in clinical laboratories.

According to the World Health Organization, at the end of 2015, there were from 34 to 39.8 million (36.7 million on average) HIV-infected people in the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region, with an estimated 25.6 million people living with HIV in 2015 (about two-thirds of those infected). More than 35 million people have become victims of HIV/AIDS worldwide. In 2015 alone, approximately 1.1 million people died. As of June 2016, 18.2 million patients had access to antiretroviral treatment, including 910,000 children.

Among the problem regions, Irkutsk and Samara regions are in the lead with 1.7 and 1.6% of HIV-infected people, respectively. Next come: Sverdlovsk region (1.6%), Kemerovo region (1.5%), Orenburg region (1.2%), Leningrad region (1.2%), Chelyabinsk region (1%), St. Petersburg (1%), Tyumen region (1%; including autonomous regions).

“The number of HIV-infected people in the Urals is not something out of the ordinary,” confirms Vadim Pokrovsky, director of the federal AIDS Center, who first reported on the HIV epidemic in Russia in May 2015. In his opinion, in the 1990s, large quantities of injecting drugs were brought into "relatively prosperous" cities, which led to an outbreak of HIV infection among drug addicts. Later, the infection spread to the rest of the population, the expert explains. The expert includes Irkutsk, Samara, Togliatti (in this city, according to Pokrovsky, 3% of the population is infected), Chelyabinsk and St. Petersburg.

Regions with megacities are the most problematic, agrees Andrei Skvortsov, coordinator of the Patient Control movement. Official data for some cities, for example, for St. Petersburg, can be underestimated by a factor of three, RBC's interlocutor is sure (according to official data, there are 53.3 thousand HIV-infected people in the city out of 5.2 million people).

It is difficult to say in which region official statistics are hidden and in which they are not, the coordinator of the street social work Andrey Rylkov Foundation for Health Protection and Social Justice Maksim Malyshev. “The situation is bad in all regions – somewhere more, somewhere less. However, there are historically established places where the statistics are always higher - Yekaterinburg, Kurgan, other Siberian cities, ”he points out.

At risk

Today, the narcotic mode of HIV transmission is gradually fading away, says Pokrovsky. According to the Federal AIDS Center, 48% of infections occur in heterosexual relationships. “It has to do with serial monogamy. People do not live long with one person, but constantly change partners. If at least one HIV-infected person gets into this chain, then everyone becomes infected, ”Pokrovsky believes.

The main methods of fighting the epidemic: effective prevention programs, the introduction of sex education in schools and substitution therapy for drug addicts. “In France or Germany, substitution therapy is legal and there are dozens of times less infected. As long as we have a conservative approach, whose supporters raise a terrible howl and urge to go their own way, the number of infected people will grow. First you need to stop the epidemic and only then promote a healthy lifestyle,” the expert sums up.

Prevention measures

Russia will be saved by condoms, modern drugs for the treatment of HIV, public information, free tests to determine one's status and harm reduction programs for drug addicts, lists Skvortsov from Patient Control. “For a long time, the problem of the spread of HIV as a shameful disease was hushed up. Only this year, some campaigns for free HIV testing began. The situation needs to be corrected urgently,” he points out.

First of all, Skvortsov believes, it is necessary to provide 100% of registered patients with HIV with antiretroviral therapy - lifelong maintenance therapy for people with human immunodeficiency virus, blocking the spread of infection. For the convenience of patients, the state should purchase combined drugs containing several active ingredients at once. This reduces the chances that an HIV-infected person will stop taking therapy due to a large number of pills, Skvortsov points out.

Secondly, Russia needs to introduce harm reduction programs for drug addicts. “Russian officials believe that such programs are just distributing methadone among drug addicts. But it's not. Harm reduction programs are a set of measures aimed at identifying an injecting drug user, giving him the opportunity to pass all the tests, provide legal support and help rehabilitation,” says the expert.

First of all, prevention should be introduced among risk groups, Malyshev from the Rylkov Foundation believes. “Now there is almost no street work - there is no distribution of either syringes or condoms. In Russia, only 26 organizations are engaged in real prevention, and several of them are recognized as foreign agents and they are not allowed to work at all, ”he said.

Today five are recognized as foreign agents. non-profit organizations specializing in the problems of HIV infection in Russia, RBC found out. These are the Perm NPO "Sibalt", the Saratov "Socium", the Penza "Panacea" and two Moscow organizations - "Esvero" and the Andrei Rylkov Foundation.

In 2016, the Russian government sent an additional 2.3 billion rubles to the Ministry of Health. for the purchase of antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of HIV-infected people. The corresponding order was signed by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. According to him, the Sverdlovsk region will receive the largest amount among the regions - 260.6 million rubles. On October 25, a government in which money to counter the spread of HIV has not yet been provided.

Last week it became known that every 50th inhabitant of Yekaterinburg is infected with HIV. Today, the Ministry of Health officially announced that an increased level of the spread of the disease is observed in 10 regions, including the Sverdlovsk region. Life found out which regions of the country are most likely to contract a deadly disease.

On November 2, Tatyana Savinova, First Deputy Head of the Health Department of the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg, announced a pandemic of the immunodeficiency virus in the Ural capital. According to her, the disease is firmly rooted in all segments of the city's population and the spread of the disease no longer depends on risk groups. In total, 26,693 cases of HIV infection have been registered in Yekaterinburg, but this includes only officially known cases, so the actual incidence is much higher.

Later, the city health department informed about the epidemic, and the refutation was made by herself Savinova. According to her, on P press conference, journalists asked her a question about the situation in Yekaterinburg. And in response she just " voiced the data broadcast in the media."

Of course, for us, physicians, this has long been an HIV epidemic, since many people are sick in Yekaterinburg, the official said. - It didn't happen yesterday and nothing has been officially announced.

Today, the head of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Veronika Skvortsova, that an increased level of the spread of HIV disease has been recorded in 10 regions Russia.

In our country, 57% of all sources of HIV infection are the injection route, as a rule, among heroin addicts, she added.

Meanwhile, according to experts, it is really high time to declare the epidemic officially, moreover, on a national scale.

The epidemic is spreading throughout the country, and only one administrator had the courage (the administration of one region. - Approx. ed.) admit it. There is unevenness: the population of cities is more affected. And where the urban population is higher than the rural population, the percentage of those affected is higher there. This is the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia. These are signs of the general epidemic which at us goes, - Life reported. Director of the Federal Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Deputy Director of the Central Institute of Epidemiology Vadim Pokrovsky.

To prove what was said, the head of the center cited figures.

Now we have 1% of the population infected with HIV, and in the age group of 30-40 years - 2.5%. On the day we register a total of 270 new cases of HIV infection in the country, every day 50-60 people die from AIDS. What else is needed to talk about the epidemic? asked Pokrovsky.

In Yekaterinburg, the situation with HIV is not even the worst. Every 50th inhabitant of the city (2% of the population) is infected there. But in Tolyatti (Samara region), as told by p Head of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS Vadim Pokrovsky,already 3% of the population are HIV-positive.

On the Life map, you can find your region and see how many cases are among your fellow countrymen.

The share of HIV-infected people in the total number of inhabitants of the region

As you can see, the epidemic covered Russia unevenly. Half of all those infected live in 20 of the 85 regions. The worst situation is in the Irkutsk and Samara regions (1.8% of the inhabitants are infected with HIV). In third place is the Sverdlovsk region, the capital of which is Yekaterinburg (1.7% of the inhabitants are infected with HIV).

Slightly fewer infected in the Orenburg region (1.4%), the Leningrad region (1.3%), the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1.3%).

And here are the statistics on the mortality of HIV-infected people by region (data from the Federal AIDS Center, dated 2014, no more recent statistics yet).

As of December 31, 2014 in Russia 148,713 HIV-positive adults and 683 children died. In 2014, 24.4 thousand HIV-positive people died.

Pokrovsky explained why HIV "selected" these regions:

These are the regions where drug trafficking took place, for example, the Orenburg region. As well as materially prosperous parts of the country where drugs were easier to sell (Irkutsk and Sverdlovsk regions).

Yekaterinburg Mayor Yevgeny Roizman also said that the majority of HIV-positive people became infected due to drugs.

I started talking about it in 1999,” he said. - Of those addicts who passed through my hands, the guys are heroin addicts, of which 40% were HIV-positive. The girls are heroin addicts, if without HIV infection, it was an event. Moreover, they were all, as a rule, also prostitutes. Then, when what was called a crocodile started, everyone there was HIV-infected. They could buy disposable syringes, but they recruited from one bowl. Now there is a sexual spread. Indeed, we are ahead of the whole of Russia. The situation in the Sverdlovsk region is worse than in Yekaterinburg. Ahead of all of Russia - this was due to drug addiction, - said Evgeny Roizman.

Vadim Pokrovsky stressed that among the main problems in this area is the lack of medicines.

Now we need to treat a little more than 800 thousand HIV-infected people. 220,000 have died, and, according to estimates, another 500,000 have not yet been diagnosed with us,” Pokrovsky noted.

Previously Pokrovsky, which is bad with prevention.

There are no strategic programs to fight AIDS in the regions, Vadim Pokrovsky says. - As a result, they will print and hang several posters and flyers. This is where prevention ends.

It turns out a vicious circle.

People do not even suspect how difficult the situation with HIV is in Russia, Vadim Pokrovsky notes. - Information is the main method of combating the spread of the disease. In addition, it is also cost savings, because the fewer people get infected, the less you will have to treat later.

At the beginning of 2017 The total number of HIV infections among Russian citizens has reached 1,114,815 people (in the world - 36.7 million HIV-infected, incl. 2.1 million CHILDREN ). And according to the calculations of the international organization UNAIDS (UNAIDS), in Russia there are already more than 1,500,700 HIV-infected (!), moreover, according to the calculations of American and Swiss scientists in Russia now (December 2017) resides over 2 million patients with HIV infection ( published in PLOS Medicine).

Of them died for various reasons (not only from AIDS, but from all causes) 243,863 HIV-infected(according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identify and treat HIV patients”) ( 1 million people died in the world in 2016 ). In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection.

As of 01 July 2017 the number of HIV-infected people in Russia amounted to 1 167 581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons (in 1st half of 2017 already died 14 631 HIV-infected that 13.6% more than for 6 months of 2016.). Attack rate population of the Russian Federation with HIV infection in 2017 made up 795,3 infected with HIV per 100 thousand of the population of Russia.

In 2016 It revealed 103 438 new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens ( 1.8 million in the world ), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection; in 2011-2016, the annual increase averaged 10%. HIV incidence rate in 2016 made up 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

The prevalence of HIV in the countries of the world by the number of HIV-infected people living in them.

64% of all new HIV diagnoses in Europe are in Russia. Every hour 10 new HIV-infected people appear in Russia.

The number of HIV in the CIS countries, the Baltics

*/approx. the statement is ambiguous, because not all countries calculate equally well the number of HIV-infected people, who also need to be identified for some money (for example, in Ukraine, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, where there is hardly any enough money to screen the population for HIV. In addition, judging by the identification of a huge number of HIV-infected gastro workers, the prevalence of HIV in these countries is several times higher than in the Russian Federation) /.

HIV growth rates in Russia (according to UNAIDS, the international organization to fight AIDS).

Rapid growth of HIV infection in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

The dynamics of the spread of HIV in the world.

Comparison of the growth of HIV-infected people in the European Region with and without the Russian Federation.

Russia's contribution to the HIV and AIDS epidemic in the European region.

Behind 1st half of 2017 in Russia revealed 52 766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation. HIV incidence rate in 1st half of 2017 made up 35,9 cases of HIV infection per 100,000 population. Most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Behind 9 months 2017 in Russia revealed 65 200 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation, for 11 months 2017- registered 85 thousand new cases of HIV infection, observed exceeding the long-term average for HIV by 43.4%(49,7%000 vs 34.6%000 ).

Video. Incidence in Russia, March - May 2017.

Increasing the rate of growth of new cases HIV infections in 2017 year (but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda Oblast, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016

Growing number of HIV-infected Russians from 1987 to 2016

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016 and including 2017 in terms of morbidity in Russian Federation the following regions and cities were in the lead:

  1. Kemerovo region (228.8 new cases of HIV infection were registered per 100,000 population — total 6,217 HIV-infected), including in the town Kemerovo 1 876 HIV-infected. For 10 months of 2017 in the Kemerovo region identified 4,727 new HIV-infected (indicator morbidity - 174.5 per 100 thousand population) ( honorary 1st place)
  2. Irkutsk region (163,6%000 — 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2016 in the city Irkutsk registered 2 450 new infected with HIV, in 2017 - 1,107. In 2017, in Irkutsk region in 5 months, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were detected. Morbidity for 10 months 2017 - 134.0 per 100 tons ( 3 228 newly diagnosed HIV-infected) Nearly 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV. (honorary 2nd place )
  3. Samara Region (161,5%000 — 5,189 HIV-infected, incl. in the city of Samara 1,201 HIV-infected), for 10 months of 2017 - 2,698 people (84,2% 000) . Every hundredth inhabitant Samara region infected with HIV!
  4. Sverdlovsk region (156,9%000 — 6,790 HIV-infected), morbidity for 10 months 2017 - 128.1 per 100 tons, i.e. 5 546 new HIV=-infected. In the town Yekaterinburg, in 2016, 1,372 HIV-infected (94.2% 000 ), for 10 months 2017 years - in the "capital of AIDS" have already identified 1 347 "pluses" (the incidence of HIV infection in 2017 in the city - 92,5% 000 ).
  5. Chelyabinsk region (154,0%000 — 5 394 HIV-infected),
  6. Tyumen region (150,5%000 — 2 224 people), for the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were detected in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic, 1.1% of the population is infected with HIV. Incidence for 9 months 2017 - 110.2 people per 100 thousand population. ( honorary 3rd place). W and 10 months of 2017 revealed 1 614 HIV-infected, incl. 5 teenagers.
  7. Tomsk region (138.0% 000 - 1 489 people),
  8. Novosibirsk region(137.1%000 ) areas ( 3 786 pers.), incl. in the town Novosibirsk 3 213 HIV-infected. Incidence for 9 months 2017 - 108.3 per 100 tons — 3 010 people infected with HIV (for 10 months of 2017 - 3,345 people) (on the 4th place came out).
  9. Krasnoyarsk Territory (129.5% 000 - 3 716 people),
  10. Perm Territory (125.1% 000 — 3 294 people). Incidence for 10 months 2017 - 126.2 per 100 tons — 3 322 HIV+, up 13.1% compared to the previous year. ( on the 5th place rose)
  11. Altai Territory (114.1% 000 - 2 721 people) the edges,
  12. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra (124.7% 000 - 2,010 people, every 92nd inhabitant is infected),
  13. Orenburg region (117.6% 000 - 2 340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people (32.7% 000).
  14. Omsk region (110.3% 000 - 2 176 people), for 8 months of 2017, 1360 cases were detected, the incidence rate was 68.8% 000.
  15. Kurgan region (110.1% 000 - 958 people),
  16. Ulyanovsk region (97.2% 000 - 1 218 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people (25.9% 000).
  17. Tver region (74.0% 000 - 973 people),
  18. Nizhny Novgorod region (71.1% 000 - 2 309 people) area, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people (18.9% 000).
  19. Republic of Crimea (83.0% 000 — 1 943 people),
  20. Khakassia (82.7% 000 - 445 people),
  21. Udmurtia (75.1% 000 - 1 139 people),
  22. Bashkortostan (68.3% 000 - 2 778 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people (16.9% 000).
  23. Moscow (62,2 % 000 — 7 672 people)

% 000 is the number of HIV-infected people per 100,000 people.

Table number 1. The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection by regions and regions of Russia (TOP 15).

Interactive table, sortable. How many HIV-infected people were identified in the most HIV-prone regions of the Russian Federation. What is the incidence in the regions per 100 thousand population.
Region of the Russian FederationNumber of HIV-infected people identified in 2016, peopleIncidence of HIV infection (number of HIV cases per 100 population) in 2016
Kemerovo region 6217 228,8
Irkutsk region 3951 163,6
Samara Region 5189 161,5
Sverdlovsk region 6790 156,9
Chelyabinsk region5394 154,0
Tyumen region2224 150,5
Tomsk1489 138,0
Novosibirsk3786 137,1
Krasnoyarsk3716 129,5
Permian3294 125,1
Altaic2721 114,1
KhMAO2010 124,7
Orenburg2340 117,6
Omsk2176 110,3
Kurgan958 110,1

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

Subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

Most Significant Growth(speed, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit of time) incidence in 2016 was observed in Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous Region, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Region.

Number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Distribution of the number of new HIV cases by years (1987-2016).

afflicted HIV infection of the population of Russia as of December 31, 2016 amounted to 594.3 per 100 thousand people Cases of HIV infection registered in all subjects Russian Federation. AT 2017 year affection - 795.3 per 100 thousand of us.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the total population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country's population lived.

Dynamics of prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016

Morbidity, prevalence of HIV in the Russian Federation.

To the most affected regions of the Russian Federation relate:

  1. Sverdlovsk region (1,647.9% of 000 people living with HIV were registered per 100,000 population - 71,354 people, including more than 27,131 HIV-infected people registered in the city of Yekaterinburg, i.e. every 50th resident of the city is infected with HIV - this is a real epidemic. In 2017(as of 01.11.17) already 93,494 people infected with HIV — Approximately 2% of the population of the Sverdlovsk region are infected with HIV, and 2% of pregnant women are HIV-infected women, i.e. every 50th pregnant woman has HIV infection). As of 11/01/2017 in AIDS Capital according to the rapper "Purulent") is already registered 28 478 HIV-positive ( the HIV prevalence of the city's population is 2%!!! ) and this is only official. AT Serov- 1454.2% 000 (1556 people). Infected with HIV - 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov. The Sverdlovsk region ranks first in the number of children born to HIV-infected mothers - 15,000 children.
  2. Irkutsk region (1636.0% 000 - 39473 people). Total identified HIV-infected at the beginning 2017 of the year— 49 494 people, for the beginning of June 2017 of the year 51,278 people were cumulatively registered with a diagnosis of HIV infection. AT the city of Irkutsk more than 31,818 people have been identified for all the time.
  3. Kemerovo region (1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo more than 10,125 patients with HIV infection have been registered.
  4. Samara region (1476.9% 000 - 47350 people), as of November 1, 2017, 50,048 HIV-infected people were detected.
  5. Orenburg region (1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) regions,
  6. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),
  7. Leningrad region (1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),
  8. Tyumen region (1085.4% 000 - 19,768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20,787 people, as of November 1, 2017 - 21,382 people.
  9. Chelyabinsk region (1079.6% 000 - 37794 people), as of 01.11.2017 — more than 48,000 people., incl. Chelyabinsk - 19,000 HIV-infected.
  10. Novosibirsk region (1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) regions. As of May 19, 2017 at city ​​of Novosibirsk more than 34 thousand HIV-infected people have been registered - every 47 resident of Novosibirsk has HIV (!). As of November 1, 2017, 36,334 HIV-infected people were registered in the Novosibirsk Region. The region is in the top ten in Russia, in terms of the level of HIV infection of the population it is in fourth place in the country.
  11. Perm Territory (950.1% 000 - 25030 people) - Berezniki, Krasnokamsk and Perm are mostly heavily affected by HIV,
  12. St. Petersburg (978.6% 000 - 51140 people),
  13. Ulyanovsk region (932.5% 000 - 11728 people),
  14. Republic of Crimea (891.4% 000 - 17000 people),
  15. Altai Territory (852.8% 000 - 20268 people),
  16. Krasnoyarsk Territory (836.4% 000 - 23970 people),
  17. Kurgan region (744.8% 000 - 6419 people),
  18. Tver region (737.5% 000 - 9622 people),
  19. Tomsk region (727.4% 000 - 7832 people),
  20. Ivanovo region (722.5% 000 - 7440 people),
  21. Omsk region (644.0% 000 - 12741 people), as of September 1, 2017, 16,275 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate is 823.0% 000.
  22. Murmansk region (638.2% 000 - 4864 people),
  23. Moscow region (629.3% 000 - 46056 people),
  24. Kaliningrad region (608.4% 000 - 5941 people).
  25. Moscow (413.0% 000 - 50909 people)

Table number 3. Rating of Russian regions by the prevalence of HIV infection among the population (TOP 15).

The number of HIV-infected people identified in the most HIV-prone areas of the Russian Federation in absolute numbers and calculated per 100,000 population of the region represented.
RegionInfection per 100 thousand population, as of 01/01/2017.The absolute number of all registered HIV-infected people as of 01.01.2017.
Sverdlovsk region1647,9 71354
Irkutsk region1636,0 39473
Kemerovo region1582,5 43000
Samara Region1476,9 47350
Orenburg region1217,0 24276
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug1201,7 19550
Leningrad region1147,3 20410
Tyumen region1085,4 19768
Chelyabinsk region1079,6 37794
Novosibirsk region1021,9 28227
Perm region950,1 25030
Ulyanovsk region932,5 11728
Republic of Crimea891,4 17000
Altai region852,8 20268
Krasnoyarsk region836,4 23970

Age structure

Most high level prevalence of HIV infection in the population is observed in the group 30-39 years old, 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection. Women become infected with HIV at a younger age, already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV, the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 years is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has changed radically. In 2000, 87% of patients were diagnosed with HIV before the age of 30. Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed HIV infections in 2000, as a result of an annual decrease in 2016, this group amounted to only 1.2%.

Diagram. Age and sex of HIV-infected people.

In 2016, HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years old (19.9%), the share of young people aged 20-30 decreased to 23.2%. An increase in the proportion of newly diagnosed cases was also observed in older age groups, cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

“0.6% of all Russians live with an HIV diagnosis. But Russians aged 30-39 are especially affected by HIV - among them, HIV is diagnosed in 2%. For men, this percentage is higher. With age, the risks of contracting HIV accumulate, and people continue to age with the virus in their blood. 87% of HIV-positive people are economically active, which is explained by their young age, among them there is a disproportionately large proportion of Russians with an average special education is the working class, without which the future of the country will become foggy.” (V. Pokrovsky)

It should be noted that at low testing coverage of adolescents and youth, more than 1100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years. According to preliminary data the largest number HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) was registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sex with HIV-infected partner (77% of cases in girls, 61% in boys).

Structure of the dead

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, detection and treatment of HIV patients”. The highest annual mortality was registered in Jewish Autonomous Region, Republic of Mordovia, Kemerovo Region, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ulyanovsk Region, Republic of Adygea, Tambov Region, Chukotka Autonomous Region, Chuvash Republic, Samara Region, Primorsky Territory, Tula Region, Krasnodar, Perm Territories, Kurgan Region.

According to Rosstat 18,575 people died from HIV infection (AIDS) in 2016. (in 2015 - 15,520 people, in 2014 - 12,540 people), i.e. The number of deaths from AIDS is on the rise.

The HIV mortality index (number of deaths per 1,000 population) has grown 10 times since 2005!

“Among women in their 20s and 30s, who should not die at all, more than 20% of deaths are associated with HIV. Due to the fact that HIV infection is lifelong, and modern treatment allows HIV-infected people to live to old age, the number of living HIV-infected people in the world is growing. The death of young people from AIDS is the result of poorly organized medical care.” (V. Pokrovsky)

For 6 months of 2017, 14,631 HIV-infected people died, i.e. Approximately 80 people diagnosed with HIV die every day. This is 13.6% higher than in the same period in 2016. Perhaps this is due to the interruptions in the supply of medicines for the treatment of HIV-infected people, because only one third of HIV-infected people received antiretroviral therapy in 2017 (32.9% - 298,888). Especially many died in the regions most disadvantaged in the treatment of HIV infection: Kemerovo, Samara and Irkutsk.

Treatment coverage

At the dispensary in specialized medical organizations in 2016 there were 675,403 patients infected with HIV, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form.

Video. Shortage of medicines for HIV-infected people. V. Pokrovsky.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients who were in places of deprivation of liberty. AT 1st half of 2017 received antiretroviral therapy 298 888 patients, about 100,000 new patients were added for therapy in 2017 (there will most likely not be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchase was according to the figures of 2016). Treatment coverage in the Russian Federation in 2016 was 32.8% of the number of registered people diagnosed with HIV infection (the worst indicator in the world); among those on dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy.

“The World Health Organization (WHO) has been recommending life-long treatment for all HIV-positive people for five years now, but the Ministry of Health still provides only 300,000, that is, 46% of the 650,000 “registered by the Ministry of Health”, or 33% of 900,000. still alive, registered by Rospotrebnadzor. The reason is that there is not enough money for HIV/AIDS treatment in the state budget. In order to increase treatment coverage, the Ministry of Health is trying to reduce the cost of treatment by lowering purchase prices, which partially compensates for the shortage, but worsens the quality of treatment, as cheaper copies of medicines (generics) are purchased, which are obsolete by status. Russians should take 10-12 tablets a day, while Europeans only need one. It is clear that because of this trouble, 20% of those who started treatment stop it. And this is another reason for the increase in mortality.” (V. Pokrovsky)

The achieved treatment coverage does not play the role of a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing, the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016 in Russia there were tested for HIV 30 752 828 blood samples from Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples from foreign citizens. The total number of tested serum samples of Russian citizens compared to 2015 increased by 8.5%, and among foreign citizens decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, it was revealed maximum amount There were 125,416 positive results in the immunoblot in Russians over the entire history of observation (in 2014 — 121,200 positive results). The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, therefore it differs significantly from the number of newly registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV. Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up an insignificant part of those tested for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but among these groups 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were detected. When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% of HIV-positive people were detected for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during the epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, STI patients - 0.7%.

In the first half of 2017, the number of people tested for HIV did not increase much, by only 8.1% compared to the first half of 2016. much more serious and deeper.

Transmission path structure

In 2016 significantly the role HIV infection, in 2017 this trend only strengthened, moreover, the sexual route overtook the drug route: in the first half of 2017, the share of the sexual route of HIV infection was 52.2% (including 1.9% through homosexual transmission, the HIV epidemic among homosexuals flares up once again), through the use of injecting drugs - 46.6%. According to preliminary data, among those newly identified in 2016 HIV-positive with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% were infected with non-sterile instruments, 48.7% - with heterosexual contacts, 1.5% - with homosexual contacts, 0.45% - made up. The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: in 2016, 59 such children were registered, in 2015 - 47, 2014 - 41 children.

“The root of all problems is the rapid increase in the number of new cases due to the transition of the HIV epidemic to sexual transmission. Of the 100,000 new cases in 2016, half were sexual contacts between men and women, just under half were drug use, and only 1-2% were homosexual contacts between men. Dozens of cases of HIV infection in medical institutions should be attributed to the Ministry of Health, which should control the safety of medical manipulations.” (V. Pokrovsky)

In 2016, 16 cases were registered with suspected infection in medical organizations when using non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases when transfusing blood components from donors to recipients. Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries. For 10 months of 2017 12 cases were registered with suspected HIV infection while providing medical care. Also, 12 cases of HIV infection were registered in places of detention when using non-sterile instruments for non-medical purposes.

Diagram. Distribution of HIV-infected people by means of infection.

findings

  • In the Russian Federation in 2016, the epidemic situation of HIV infection continued to deteriorate and this unfavorable trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resurgence of the global HIV epidemic , which, according to the UN in July 2016, began to decline.
  • Saved high incidence of HIV infection , the total number of HIV carriers and the number of deaths of HIV-infected people are increasing, the number of deaths from AIDS is increasing every year, the epidemic has intensified the exit of the epidemic from vulnerable groups of the population into the general population.
  • While maintaining the current pace of the spread of HIV infection and the lack of adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread the forecast for the development of the situation remains unfavorable .
  • Radical actions of the Government of Russia are required to stop trafficking, distribution of drugs and, the most difficult thing, to change the sexual behavior of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation (braces are wonderful, but the number of people practicing abstinence and practicing with one heterosexual sexual partner throughout their lives is one and it is impossible to change, p .e development is required with minimal side effects(drank a pill and do what you want)).

VIDEO. V.V. Pokrovsky on the situation in Russia regarding the incidence of HIV / AIDS

The material was prepared on the basis of a certificate from the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor and other official sources.

PS: I hope that is clear, to get an idea of ​​the real scale of the HIV epidemic, you need to multiply the official figures by 5-10, because. this is just the tip of the iceberg.

Sincerely, Dr.

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