Which city has the most HIV infections? Russia in terms of growth in the number of new cases of HIV infection is among the leaders among all countries of the world. But in the Russian Federation they count and count differently

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In Russia, for 11 months of 2017, 85 thousand new HIV-infected people were officially detected, the incidence (ratio of the number of cases per population) of HIV was 57.9 cases per 100 thousand of the population of the Russian Federation. Every hour 10 HIV-infected people appear in Russia.

The total number of registered HIV-infected people for all the years of observation as of November 1, 2017 amounted to 1,193,890 people, of which 269,282 died.

The number of HIV-positive people living in the Russian Federation has approached very close to a million, and to be precise, in 2017 it was 924,608 people.

And as a result, the rate of HIV infection of the Russian population is 629.8 HIV-infected citizens per 100,000 population. If recalculated as a percentage, it turns out that 0.6% of the population of the Russian Federation are infected with HIV.

Russia ranks third, after South Africa and Nigeria, in terms of the rate of emergence of new cases of HIV-infected people per unit of time (growth rate).

Often this is associated with an increase in the population's testing for HIV, but in fact, an increase in the number of people tested. In Europe, more than half (64%) of all new HIV infections occur in Russia.

TOP20 territories by HIV incidence in 2017

The leading territories in terms of the incidence of HIV infection in 2017 (by default for 10 months) were:

  1. Kemerovo region- 174.5 per 100 thousand of us. (hereinafter %000 ), i.e. in absolute terms, 4,727 new HIV-infected people were identified.
  2. Irkutsk region– 134.0% 000 (3228 people), 2% of the population of the region are infected!
  3. Sverdlovsk region- 128.1% 000 (5,546 people). In the city of Yekaterinburg, 1,347 patients with HIV infection (92.5%,000) were identified.
  4. Vladimir region- 124.6% 000 (1,731 people).
  5. Perm region for 11 months of 2017 – 126.2%,000 (3,322 people), 13.1% more than the previous year.
  6. Novosibirsk region - 120.3% 000 (3,345 people).
  7. Tyumen region - 109.2% 000 (1,614 people, including 5 teenagers).
  8. Chelyabinsk region - 109.1% 000 (3,821 people).
  9. Tomsk region - 104.6% 000 (1 129 people).
  10. Kurgan region - 99.3% 000 (848 people).
  11. Krasnoyarsk Territory - 97.0% 000 (2 789 people).
  12. Orenburg region - 96.3% 000 (1 916 people).
  13. Altai Territory - 85.8% 000 (2 030 people).
  14. Omsk region - 84.8% 000 (1 673 people).
  15. Samara region - 84.2% 000 (2,698 people), every 100th inhabitant of the region is HIV-infected.
  16. Republic of Crimea - 79.0% 000 (1 849 people).
  17. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra - for 11 months 2017- 83.5% 000 (1,374 people).
  18. Ulyanovsk region - 72.3% 000 (906 people).
  19. Republic of Khakassia - 71.0% 000 (382 people).
  20. Udmurt Republic - 69.2% 000 (1,050 people).

The territories most affected by HIV infection (by default as of 01.11.2017) are:

  1. Irkutsk region– registered 1,738.2 living with HIV per 100,000 population (hereinafter %000) (41,872 people),
  2. Sverdlovsk region– 93,494 people are infected with HIV. (1 704.3% 000 ), i.e. ~ 2% of the population have HIV infection, in addition, 2% of pregnant women (every 50th) are infected with HIV, p.e. The Sverdlovsk region is ahead of all in terms of the number of children (~15,000) born to HIV-infected mothers. This is very serious, this is a real epidemic.
  3. Kemerovo region – 1 630,7%000 (44 173 people).
  4. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug- 1,513.6%,000 (24,915 people) (as of December 1, 2017 -1,522%,000 (25,054 people)).
  5. Samara region - 1,473.3% 000 (47,200 people).
  6. Tyumen region - 1,393.3% 000 (20,592 people).
  7. Orenburg region - 1,284.7% 000 (25 560 people).
  8. Chelyabinsk region - 1,198.0% 000 (41,958 people).
  9. Novosibirsk region - 1,104.3% 000 (30 695 people).
  10. Perm region as of 03.12.2017 – 1 237,8%000 (32,581 people).
  11. Republic of Crimea - 1,037.9% 000 (24,296 people).
  12. Ulyanovsk region - 960.1% 000 (12,029 people).
  13. Altai Territory - 902.7% 000 (21 355 people).
  14. Leningrad region - 872.9% 000 (15 642 people).
  15. Krasnoyarsk Territory - 853.4% ​​000 (24,538 people).
  16. Tomsk region - 835.1% 000 (9 010 people).
  17. Kurgan region - 823.4% 000 (7,033 people).
  18. Tver region - 771.8% 000 (10,009 people).
  19. Omsk region - 737.5% 000 (14,549 people).
  20. Moscow region as of 01.12.2017- 565.8% 000 (42,000 people).

10 most dangerous regions of Russia for HIV.

Leading cities by HIV prevalence (by default as of 11/01/2017):

  1. Kemerovo - 2,154.7% 000 (more than 12,000 people). 2% of Kemerovo residents are infected with HIV.
  2. Novosibirsk as of May 19, 2017 - 2,121.1 (more than 34,000 people). More than 2% (every 47th) of Novosibirsk citizens are infected with HIV.
  3. Irkutsk as of 01.12.2017- 1,964.0% 000 (more than 12,250 people). 2% of Irkutsk are infected with HIV, every 50th.
  4. Yekaterinburg – 1,956.0%,000 (28,478 people) Almost 2% of city dwellers are affected by HIV, every 51st, p. Yekaterinburg is called the “AIDS capital”.
  5. Chelyabinsk - 1,584.8%,000 (19,000 people) 1.6% of the city's population are HIV-infected, every 63rd.

St. Petersburg - 880.4% 000 (46 499 people).

Moscow as of 01.12.2017- 710.8% 000 (more than 88,000 people).

Gender composition

In 2017, men still predominate among HIV-infected people - 62.9% of them, women - 37.6%.

Age composition

The age group of 30-39 years old is most affected by HIV, in it every 50th is sick with HIV infection. The epidemic migrates to older age groups: for example, in 2000, the age group under 30 years old was 87%, and in 2017, HIV-infected people diagnosed at the age of 30-50 years old made up 69%. But here also possible cause may be late detection. Question: “When did they get HIV?” In addition, cases of infection at a very advanced age have become more frequent, for example

in Yekaterinburg, a 98-year-old grandfather was identified as infected with HIV.

Ways of infection

The sexual path continues to predominate, which should be very alarming, because. The population of people with more than one sexual partner is large and has enormous potential for an HIV epidemic.

In 2017, more than half of newly diagnosed HIV-infected people became infected through natural sexual contact, 2.3% - through unnatural sexual contact (“special” men), 46.1% - through the use of psychoactive substances, 1.4% - children born to HIV-infected women.

Infection is growing within the walls of medical institutions, which is also an indicator of the epidemic unfavorability for HIV:

h a 10 months of 2017 registered 12 cases of suspected HIV infection while providing medical care .

Mortality

In the first 10 months of 2017, 24,713 HIV patients died in Russia, which is 8.2% more than in the same period last year.

Every day, 80 HIV-infected people die.

Educational composition

Persons with an average predominate special education. Perhaps in the future we will face a shortage of specialists due to HIV infection.

Treatment

Only one third of HIV-infected people (328,138 out of 709,022 in need) received the necessary treatment. There were interruptions in the supply of necessary drugs, some patients (21,903 people) interrupted the intake of necessary drugs. Treatment regimens are obsolete and do not contribute to adherence to their intake. HIV treatment coverage barely reached 35.5% of all living HIV-infected, among those under medical supervision this percentage is higher - 46.3%.

Population testing for HIV

In 2017 (10 months), survey coverage increased slightly, by about 10.8% - 27,330,821 Russians were examined, among whom 95% are not representatives of risk groups. So linking an increase in HIV infection with an increase in screening (examination), at least unprofessionally.

HIV prevalence in risk groups

According to biological and behavioral studies of the Open Institute of Population Health Foundation with the support of Rospotrebnadzor among key population groups vulnerable to HIV (IDUs, MSM, CSWs) in 7 large cities of the Russian Federation.

findings

Based on the results of this study, it was found that all vulnerable groups of the population are severely affected by HIV. Among drug users, half are infected with HIV, among “special men” up to 23%, although this group is perhaps the most concerned about their prevention, but with the increase in the frequency of “safe” sexual contacts, the risk of HIV infection is growing.

  1. In 2017, HIV and AIDS continued its victorious march across the territory of Russia, involving more and more population groups in the epidemic process.
  2. The preventive measures taken were insufficient. It turned out that just handing out condoms and leaflets is not enough.
  3. Low coverage of treatment for people infected with HIV does not allow to reduce the growth rate of the HIV epidemic.
  4. To prevent an epidemic catastrophe, the intervention of the main political figure of Russia is required, volleys from all weapons: fidelity, abstinence, condoms, pre-exposure, post-exposure drug prophylaxis.
  5. It is necessary to develop our own pharmaceutical production facilities to create inexpensive, affordable drugs to maintain an undetectable viral load in HIV-infected people, pre-exposure, post-exposure prophylaxis.

Video. HIV situation in Russia in 2017.

The information is based on official data from the Russian Federal AIDS Center, territorial AIDS centers, ROSPOTREBNADZOR.

Forecasts. Scenarios for the further development of HIV infection in the Russian Federation.

1st scenario. Fantastic.

The first person of the state gives an order to the people to whom we, as taxpayers, pay money for the prevention and fight against HIV / AIDS, and they finally begin to work for a result. A methadone treatment program for drug users is being introduced, used syringes are exchanged for new ones, and infomats with free rubber bands appear in public places (approx. there is another word, but it is prohibited for use on the territory Russian Federation ), the “optimization” of medical institutions stops, Dom-2-like series are no longer shown on TV, and fidelity in marriage, abstinence before marriage, mutual monogamy are promoted, patients receive 1 tablet per day and become “undetectable”. The incidence is gradually going down, we have overtaken America and are happily walking into a brighter future.

2nd scenario. Catastrophic.

Everything is being done as it is being done now, i.e. nothing (according to the results) is done. Panic is growing among the population, the stigmatization of HIV-infected people is growing, the number of the able-bodied and able-bodied population is decreasing, as a result, the economy and the military power of the country are falling. The country plunges into chaos, the apocalypse is here.

3rd scenario. Plausible.

Everything is done as it is done, i.e. nothing is being done, BUT ... people realize that they are on their own and begin to act independently, as best they can: someone falls into abstinence, someone establishes the right marital relationship, someone begins to always carry a pack of rubber bands with them and puts them on 2-3 pieces, someone just quits injecting. The growth rate of HIV infection is stabilizing. People understand that they can still do something to change their lives.

Of all countries in the world, the highest growth rate in the number of new cases of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus) was recorded in Russia. Deborah Burks, coordinator of global AIDS programs, said this in her speech at the US State Department on the occasion of World AIDS Day celebrated annually on December 1st. She said that "the largest increase in the number of new HIV infections worldwide is observed in Russia due to the lack of response in the fight against the breadth and depth of the epidemic in the country."

She did not provide any figures or data to support her words. However official statistics confirms these words of the representative of the US State Department. At the beginning of 2017, there were about 36.7 million people living with HIV in the world, mostly in developing countries, including countries in Africa. Russia accounts for about 900,000 of them, according to official statistics. The real figures in the Russian Federation, according to domestic experts,.

In 2016, 1.8 million new infections were recorded worldwide, in other words, about five thousand people are infected with HIV every day on the planet - one every 17 seconds. In Russia, the annual increase in the number of new cases of infection with the virus is on average 10%: in 2014 - 89808 cases of new infections, in 2015 - 98232 people newly infected, in 2016 - 103438 cases. And this year will be no exception. Mortality from HIV infection, according to Rosstat, in Russia is also growing annually: in 2014 - 12540 deaths, in 2015 - 15520, in 2016 - 18575 deaths.

The World Health Organization (WHO), which has been keeping regional HIV statistics since the 1980s, when data collection and analysis began, reports that the total number of people infected in the European Region has reached 2,167,684, including 1,114,815 cases registered in Russia.

Over the past year, according to WHO, in the European Region, 160 thousand new cases This is the maximum in the history of observations. The European region is the only one where the number of new infections is on the rise. But this does not mean that these threatening data refer to Europe. WHO statistics "for the European Region" unites 53 countries with a population of almost 900 million people - in addition to the countries of the European Economic Area (EU / EEA), this also includes Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Russia.

In the EU countries themselves, only 29,000 new HIV infections were recorded last year. Russia is spoiling the "European statistics", since out of the total regional figure of 160 thousand, more than 103 thousand cases are in our country.

A joint report by the WHO and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) says this is the highest number of cases reported in a single year. "If the trend continues, we will miss our target of ending the spread of the HIV epidemic by 2030," says Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe.

In Russia, the highest incidence rates were also noted in 2016 - 70.6 cases per 100,000 population, in Ukraine this figure is 33.7 per 100 thousand, in Belarus - 25.2, in Moldova - 20.5. The number of newly diagnosed HIV infections in Russia and Ukraine is 73% of the number of infections in the European Region and 92% of the total in the east of the European Region.

In 2014, more than 142,000 new cases of HIV infection were recorded in the European Region (of which 89,808 cases were in the Russian Federation), in 2015 - 153,407 (of which 98,232 were in the Russian Federation). By the end of 2017, there will also be at least 100 thousand new infected people in Russia, Vadim Pokrovsky, head of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, is convinced.

According to him, the number of deaths due to HIV-positive status is also growing. "Last year, 18.5 thousand people, according to Rosstat, died precisely from AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). In fact, more than 30 thousand people died with HIV, but why the remaining 15 thousand died is a question that needs to be studied," Pokrovsky said.

It cannot be said that the increase in the incidence rate is decreasing in Russia, one can only speak of a decrease in the increase in new cases. "We do not reduce growth, but as it was, it remains such, it is added," says Vadim Pokrovsky, head of the scientific and methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS.

Since 2016, the Ministry of Health has taken into account only non-anonymous infected people - those who have been tested in state medical institutions with a passport and an insurance certificate in their hands. There were 86,800 such people in 2016 compared to 100,000 in 2015. And taking into account anonymous analyzes, Rospotrebnadzor counted 125,000 new cases of laboratory confirmation of HIV infection in 2016. Thus, the Ministry of Health closed its eyes to at least 20% of those infected. And a large part of HIV-infected people is not yet aware of their diagnosis, since the latent form can last 10-20 years.

At the same time, there is not enough money in the state budget for the treatment of HIV / AIDS. WHO recommends immunodeficiency virus suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ARV) to all those diagnosed with HIV, while in Russia, ARV therapy coverage is 46% of 650,000 people with HIV registered by the Ministry of Health, or 33% of 900,000 living carriers of the virus registered by the Ministry of Health. Rospotrebnadzor as of the end of 2016.

State strategy of the Russian Federation to combat HIV: there is no prevention, only those who are already infected are identified

Recall that the state strategy to counter the spread of HIV, adopted by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, set the task of bringing the coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ARV), which suppresses the immunodeficiency virus, to 90% of all infected by 2020 - this would stop the epidemic.

However, it is not easy for Russian citizens to receive such treatment, and in the countryside it is completely unrealistic, the medicines given to patients are far from being the most modern, with a large amount of side effects and mostly generics - medications, which differ in their composition from the original medicine both in the amount of the active substance and in its quality.

In February 2015, due to the unfavorable dynamics of the spread of HIV infection in the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Health developed an AIDS response strategy until 2020. Officials planned to reduce prices for drugs vital to the infected through import substitution and the creation of cheaper Russian analogues.

But the Russian drug for the treatment of HIV will be registered at best only in 5-10 years, TASS reports. The development of the domestic gene therapy drug Dinavir, which is being developed by a group of scientists from the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, is now only at the stage of preclinical trials.

As for existing medicines, Vadim Pokrovsky, head of the Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, says that only a quarter of patients receive them.

Despite the fact that the government of the Russian Federation in April announced an increase in spending on the fight against AIDS, only 60,000 people will feel the positive effect - "a drop of water on a hot stone," Pokrovsky believes.

In general, according to him, there are no pre-exposure prophylaxis programs (PrEP) in Russia, when antiretroviral drugs are taken by people with a potentially high risk of contracting HIV. There are no funds for this, because there are not enough medicines even for already infected citizens. Against this background, the only concept that works and is officially approved in Russia is the “test and treat” strategy, recalls Medvestnik. “Prevention should prevent infection, and we identify those who are already infected, and every year more and more. next year The State Duma is going to cut the budget for the treatment of HIV infection from 17.5 to 16.5 billion rubles. Therefore, one should not be surprised that the epidemic is on the rise in our country," Pokrovsky said.

“The Russian state does not stand on ceremony with those who criticize it. As soon as Pokrovsky complained about the insufficiently active fight against the epidemic, the Ministry of Health deprived the Federal AIDS Center in June of this year of state funds under a far-fetched pretext. Non-governmental organizations also face an increased number of obstacles. Many of them are forced to curtail their work, since, according to a law released in 2012, they are required to register as "foreign agents," recalls the Swiss newspaper Neue Zuercher Zeitung... By the way, in Switzerland the situation is almost stable - in 2016, the virus was detected in 539 people there, in 2015 - 537.

Sex between men remains a major mode of HIV transmission

Despite the existence of specialized prevention programs in many European countries, sex between men continues to be the predominant mode of HIV transmission in the European Economic Area (EU/EEA).

In all previous years, cases of diagnosing HIV infection among men who have sex with men have grown at an alarming rate - from 30% in 2005 to 42% in 2014.

According to acting Director of the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) Andrea Ammon, to reduce these statistics, it is necessary to adopt new strategies, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection (PrEP) and access to health care for EU citizens living in other countries.

In Russia, the official statistics are different: 40% of all HIV-infected people are people of traditional sexual orientation, from 55% to 60% of those infected were infected as a result of drug use, and only less than 2% were infected through homosexual contacts.

However, these figures are again far from reality due to the fact that in Russia, due to the high level of condemnation, gays cannot even tell doctors that they had same-sex contacts. “In AIDS centers there is a system of codes that are assigned to different groups. For men who have sex with men, this is 103. But they are given other codes, for example 105 (persons with promiscuity). And in this way gays replenish the statistics of the heterosexual path But according to studies by public organizations, every sixth gay in Russia is already infected," Yevgeny Pisemsky, head of the Phoenix Plus NGO in Oryol, told Radio Liberty.

"Specialists in AIDS centers are well aware of such underestimated statistics. But they are always under the sword of Damocles of the law on the so-called propaganda among minors and interpret it in such a way that "just in case, we will not even mention it, otherwise we will be accused of propaganda homosexuality. But only real numbers could convince society that the problem exists," says Pisemsky.

According to the Open Institutes of Health Foundation, the results of a 2017 biobehavioral study show that the average prevalence of HIV infection among gay men in Russia is 18% (in Moscow - 13%, in St. Petersburg - 24%, in Yekaterinburg - 16%).

According to Pisemsky, the state will not be able to fight HIV without recognizing that it is in this risk group that it spreads very quickly. This means that no prevention is carried out in this environment, and gays themselves receive a deceptive confidence that the HIV problem does not concern them.

Every second HIV-infected person is diagnosed at a late stage

Nearly half of HIV infections across the European Region, which includes Russia, are diagnosed at a late stage, increasing the risk of ill health, death and HIV transmission.

The large number of AIDS cases in Russia and other Eastern European countries is evidence that late diagnosis, late initiation of antiretroviral therapy and low treatment coverage are contributing to the incidence, the World Health Organization notes.

HIV/AIDS surveillance data from 2016 suggests that the likelihood of late diagnosis increases with age. For example, 65% (63% in the EU/EEA) of people over 50 in the European Region were already diagnosed with HIV at a late stage.

Testing for HIV infection for certain diseases, such as other sexually transmitted infections, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis and some types of cancer, can improve the quality of diagnosis.

According to Russian statistics, more than half (51%) of registered cases of HIV infection are diagnosed at a late stage of the disease.

TASS-DOSIER. From May 15 to May 21, 2017, the All-Russian Action "Stop HIV/AIDS" will be held in Russia for the third time. It is organized by the Foundation for Social and Cultural Initiatives (the President of the Foundation is the wife of the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Svetlana Medvedeva). The action is supported by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education and Science, the Ministry of Communications of Russia, Rosmolodezh, Rospotrebnadzor, as well as the Union of Rectors of Russia, leading state universities of the Russian Federation and the Russian Orthodox Church.

It is timed to coincide with the World AIDS Day of Remembrance, which is held annually on the third Sunday of May. Its goal is to draw attention to this problem in Russia, to raise awareness of the population, especially young people, about the disease.

Campaign "Stop HIV/AIDS"

The all-Russian action "Stop HIV/AIDS" began to be held in Russia in 2016. The key event of the first action, which took place in May, was an open student forum. The second action was timed to the World AIDS Day (December 1) and took place at the end of November. It started at the II All-Russian Forum for specialists in the prevention and treatment of the disease (November 28).

As part of the action, an open lesson "Knowledge - Responsibility - Health" was held in senior secondary schools, at which a film about topical issues counteracting HIV infection.

HIV/AIDS disease

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects immune system and weakens the body's defenses against a wide range of infections and diseases, including some types of cancer. HIV-infected people gradually develop immunodeficiency.

The last stage of the disease that develops when infected with the human immunodeficiency virus is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), when the human body loses the ability to defend itself against infections and tumors. At different people AIDS can develop 2-15 years after HIV infection.

There is no cure for HIV infection. However, with antiretroviral treatment, the virus can be controlled and transmission prevented. This facilitates and prolongs the life of those infected with the infection.

Statistics for Russia

The epidemiological situation of HIV infection in Russia (the first case was detected in 1987) is unfavorable, cases of the disease have been identified in all regions of the Russian Federation.

According to Rospotrebnadzor, as of December 31, 2016, since 1987, 1 million 114 thousand 815 cases of HIV infection have been registered among citizens of the Russian Federation, of which 243 thousand 863 people have died. Thus, at the beginning of 2017, 870,952 Russians were living with HIV/AIDS in Russia, which is 0.59% of the total population of the country (146,804,372). As of December 31, 2016, the prevalence of HIV was 594.3 people with an established diagnosis per 100,000 of the country's population.

The number of newly diagnosed HIV infections in the country continues to rise. According to Rospotrebnadzor, in 2011-2016. the annual growth averaged 10%. In 2016, the territorial centers for the prevention and control of AIDS registered 103,438 new cases of HIV infection (excluding those identified anonymously and foreign citizens) - 5.3% more than in 2015 (95,475).

High prevalence of HIV is observed in the 30 largest subjects of the Russian Federation, where 45.3% of the country's population lives. The most unfavorable regions, where the number of people living with HIV exceeds 1 thousand people per 100 thousand population, are Sverdlovsk (1648 per 100 thousand population), Irkutsk (1636), Kemerovo (1583), Samara (1477), Orenburg (1217) regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1202), Leningrad (1147), Tyumen (1085), Chelyabinsk (1079) and Novosibirsk (1022) regions.

A high level of HIV infection in the Russian Federation is observed in age group from 30 to 39 years old. Among young people (15-20 years old), more than 1.1 thousand people with HIV infection are registered annually. Cases of infection in children continue to be detected breastfeeding: in 2014, 41 children were infected, in 2015 - 47 children, in 2016 - 59.

In 2016, 675,403 patients (77.5% of all those living with a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS) were registered at the dispensary in specialized medical organizations. Of these, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy (42.3% of those registered).

HIV/AIDS in the world

Some scientists believe that HIV was transmitted from monkeys to humans as early as the 1920s. The first victim of this disease may have been a man who died in 1959 in the Congo. This conclusion was reached by doctors who later analyzed his medical history.

For the first time, the symptoms of the disease characteristic of HIV/AIDS were described in 1981 during examinations of several men of non-traditional sexual orientation in clinics in Los Angeles and New York. In 1983, researchers from the US and France described a virus capable of causing HIV/AIDS. Since 1985, blood tests for HIV have been available in clinical laboratories.

According to the World Health Organization, at the end of 2015, there were from 34 to 39.8 million (36.7 million on average) HIV-infected people in the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region, with an estimated 25.6 million people living with HIV in 2015 (about two-thirds of those infected). More than 35 million people have become victims of HIV/AIDS worldwide. In 2015 alone, approximately 1.1 million people died. As of June 2016, 18.2 million patients had access to antiretroviral treatment, including 910,000 children.

HIV infection is one of the most progressive sexually transmitted diseases in the world. It is also worth noting that AIDS statistics in the world, as a rule, absolutely do not correspond to the true picture of the spread of the disease, since research methods are based only on patients who are served in medical institutions. At the same time, most carriers of infection and patients are not even aware of their infection due to unwillingness or lack of access to a doctor.

Another factor contributing to the concealment of truthful information about the spread of AIDS in the world is the fear of politicians and doctors to be guilty of the inability to contain the avalanche of infection that is rapidly moving towards humanity.

The state of the spread of HIV in the world

The number of HIV-infected people in the world is growing exponentially. First of all, this is due to the fact that the problem of AIDS in the world does not lend itself to the basic rules for combating infectious diseases, which are based on the exclusion of one of the components of the epidemiological process:

  1. The source of the disease.
  2. transmission path.
  3. susceptible population.

In the countries of the world, HIV has long been the number one problem. For every infection to spread, there must be a source, a route of transmission that ensures that the virus reaches a susceptible population. In the case of HIV, there is no way to act on any of the three components that contribute to the spread of the disease. A huge problem is that most people become infected from virus carriers who are in the so-called “serological window”, when a person is already infected, but the tests are still negative. It has not been possible to exclude the latter factor for many decades, since the invention of a vaccine against immunodeficiency has been postponed indefinitely due to insufficient knowledge, research and technical capabilities.

Given the above, the statistics of HIV in the world will worsen every year, as many people on the planet underestimate the danger of the immunodeficiency virus. The current HIV epidemiological situation in the world can only be affected by awareness of the population and support for the fight against AIDS at the state level.

The prevalence of HIV infection (AIDS) in the world

Only by the end of the eighties, the statistics of HIV-infected people in the world reached indicators that shocked the world community. In 142 countries, the World Health Organization found more than 120,000 people with AIDS and more than 100,000 infected with a retrovirus. The real prevalence of HIV in the world is much higher than these data, since there is always a percentage of the population that is not registered in medical institutions and therefore cannot be taken into account in statistical indicators. There are also carriers who are not even aware of their infection. The AIDS epidemic in the world affects mainly people of reproductive age. This leads to a significant loss of the able-bodied population, a decrease in the birth rate of healthy children and, accordingly, a decrease in the health indicator of all strata of humanity.

How many HIV-infected people are there in the world?

The question that interests many is how many people have AIDS in the world today? The countries of southern Africa, India, Russia, the USA and Latin America occupy the first place in terms of HIV in the world. In these states, infected people make up approximately 15% of the total population. Every year, the number of HIV-infected people in the countries of the world increases by 5-10 million. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, the number of AIDS patients in the world amounted to more than 60 million. The first place in AIDS in the world community is occupied by the countries of southern Africa. Due to the unstable economic situation, the possibility of treating and identifying HIV-infected people is very difficult. This leads to a rapid and rapid spread of immunodeficiency among people. The disease progresses very quickly to stage 4 - AIDS.

The epidemiological situation of HIV infection in the world

Countries where the incidence of immunodeficiency is rapidly increasing:

  1. Brazil.
  2. countries of Central Africa.
  3. Haiti.
  4. Indonesia.
  5. Bangladesh.
  6. Pakistan.
  7. Mexico.
  8. United Kingdom.
  9. Turkey.

The ways of spreading AIDS in the countries of the world to some extent depend on the economic situation in the state and on its policy towards HIV-infected people. There are such features:

  1. The countries of the European Union, the USA, Australia and New Zealand are characterized by a high early detection of the disease among the population. This is due to compulsory health insurance and relatively frequent high-quality medical examinations. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that 80% of the infected were found among homosexual men and drug addicts who use intravenous drugs. In childhood, the incidence is practically not recorded. This is due to the timely and high-quality treatment of infected pregnant women, which prevents the vertical transmission of immunodeficiency (from a sick mother to a healthy fetus through the placenta, blood, breast milk). Cases of non-sexual transmission in these countries are practically not registered.
  2. For the states of Africa and the adjacent warm islands, as well as the states of the Caribbean, Indonesia, the rate of early detection of AIDS is very low. In these countries, the majority of patients are heterosexual. Their age is 18-38 years. Most of these people were infected through sexual contact with prostitutes. Studies show that more than 90% of them are infected with a retrovirus. In Africa, HIV transmission is often associated with sexual contact with an ill woman. More often, such intercourse additionally leads to diseases that are sexually transmitted. And genital ulcers that develop due to these pathologies lead to a higher likelihood of transmission of the pathogen. In such states, transfusion of blood and its products from an infected donor to a healthy recipient is not uncommon.
  3. Countries where HIV has been introduced relatively recently. These include Asia and Eastern Europe. Infection with a retrovirus here occurs mainly through sexual contact. The highest risk of infection in people who have many sexual partners do not neglect unprotected relationships with prostitutes.

HIV in Russia

The Urals Federal District occupies the first place in terms of HIV in the Russian Federation. About 800 patients per 100 thousand of the population are registered in it, which is a very high figure. Over the past 15 years, cases of detection of immunodeficiency in pregnant women have increased by 15% in Russia. At the same time, such women are registered in late dates, which leads to intrauterine infection of the fetus due to the lack of necessary treatment in the early stages of embryo formation. Also, the Siberian Federal District claims the first place in AIDS in Russia, in which about 600 infected per 100 thousand people are registered, of which most of have the last stage of the development of the disease, that is, AIDS.

Medical news in the world of HIV

Nowadays, the task of creating a vaccine against a retrovirus in scientists is in the first place. There are now a huge number of research work in the field of molecular microbiology, which undoubtedly brings humanity closer to the creation of an AIDS vaccine. Despite this, there are a number of factors that prevent the possibility of obtaining such a drug:

  • The high ability of the virus to mutate.
  • Variety of HIV strains (per this moment 2 types are known.
  • The need to fight not only with a retrovirus, but also with infected cells of the body, as well as AIDS-associated infections.

Due to the fact that the spread of HIV in the world is growing every year, many patients simply do not have time to wait for a vaccine. Therefore, the main way in the fight against this disease should be directed to preventive measures. All HIV-infected people in the world receive free treatment, which provides them with the most comfortable life. With adequate and competent therapy, patients can live a full and long life. Treatment of HIV in the world is carried out in regional AIDS centers according to uniform standards and provides for an individual approach to any patient, the selection of a scheme depending on the stage of progression of the pathology. The main principle of medical care is maximum confidentiality.

AIDS is constantly spreading among the world's population, while curing it completely is not yet possible. Therefore, it is worth directing maximum efforts to prevent such a dangerous pathology.

Reading time: 8 min.

According to the report, announced within the framework of the 5th international conference on HIV, which was held in the capital of Russia, a list was formed - the top 10 countries in terms of the number of AIDS patients. AIDS is such a widespread disease for these powers that it has been given the status of an epidemic. AIDS develops against the background of HIV infection. AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection, which develops with the spread of infection, is manifested by the appearance of tumors, weakness of the immune system and, in the end, leads to death.

With a total population of 14 million, the number of infected reaches 1.2 million. It is not at all surprising that few Zambians cross the mark of 38 years, which is the average life expectancy in this country.

2016 was one of the saddest years for Russians in terms of the number of people who suffer from AIDS. More than one million people have acquired immune deficiency syndrome (according to the data of the Russian Health Committee). But according to the EECAAC report, this figure is much higher - 1.4 million. At the same time, this indicator is growing more and more actively every year. Just think about it - every 50th inhabitant of Yekaterinburg suffers from AIDS. In the Russian Federation, the predominant part of the diseased was infected while taking drugs intravenously. For any other country, this type of infection is not inherent.

Why do Russians have to put up with such statistics? According to experts, the reason for this is the abolition of methadone, which was used orally, instead of an intravenous drug. Most mistakenly believe that if an addict is infected, then this is only his problem. It’s not so scary when the “scum of society” gets a disease from which he will eventually die. But we forget that a person who is addicted to drugs is not a monster, he can live a very ordinary life for a long time. You will not identify him in the crowd at a glance, at first drug addicts live the most ordinary life. And it is precisely for this reason that their spouses and children often become infected. There are cases when people become infected in clinics, beauty salons after the instruments were poorly disinfected. Until people realize the realities of the impending threat, until young people stop evaluating partners “by eye”, the regulatory authorities will not change their position on drug addicts, Russia will rise in this rating faster and faster.

Almost 7% of the total number of citizens of this country are infected with AIDS, if translated into an exact figure, it is 1.4 million people. It is noteworthy that the female part of the population is more infected than the male, due to the fact that Kenya is famous for the low social level of women. Maybe it's very important aspect is the free disposition of women from Kenya - they very easily agree to intimate relationships.

More than 5% of this country's population is affected by AIDS, out of a total population of 49 million. When translated into an exact number, the number of infected people is 1.5 million people. In addition, there are regions in the country in which the level of the population that suffers from HIV is more than 10%, for example, Dar es Salaam, fortunately, it is too far from tourist routes.

The President of this state is making superhuman efforts to fight the threat of AIDS. This is reflected in the data of statistical summaries - from 2011 to 2015, the number of children already born with HIV fell from 28 to 3.4 thousand. Cases of adult infection have been halved. The 24-year-old King of Toro (Toro, a region of Uganda) has decided to control the spread of the epidemic and stop AIDS completely by 2030. Today, 1.5 million infected people suffer from HIV in the state.

Unfortunately, this beautiful country cannot cope with a terrible disease on its own and already more than 10% (1.5 million citizens) are infected with AIDS. Approximately 0.7 million children were left without parents because their parents died of HIV.

Of the thirteen million citizens of this country, more than 1.6 million people are infected. Several factors led to such deplorable indicators: prostitution, which is still not controlled by the government, citizens do not know elementary things about contraceptives, and the ineradicable poverty of the population.

According to official figures, more than two million people are infected in India, and if taken in fact, this figure will be an order of magnitude higher. Indians are a rather closed people, and for this reason, they are silent about their health problems. Nobody tells young people about AIDS, the topic of sex and contraceptives at school is under an unspoken taboo. Therefore, total illiteracy reigns here in aspects that are associated with contraceptives, which greatly distinguishes India from Africa, where it is very easy to buy a condom. According to statistical surveys, more than 60% of the female population have never heard of HIV.

Of the 146 million citizens, 3.4 million suffer from HIV/AIDS, which is just under 5% of the total population. Basically, there are more infected among the female population than among the male. Due to the lack of free healthcare, the poor in Nigeria suffer the most.

South Africa leads the list of countries with the highest incidence of AIDS. More than 15% of citizens suffer from HIV (6.3 million), 25% of high school students are already infected. Few live in this country to 45 years. It is hard to imagine a country where few people have grandparents. Sounds scary, doesn't it? Although South Africa is considered the most economically developed country in Africa, a huge part of the citizens are on the verge of poverty. The president is doing his best to stop the spread of HIV - free contraceptives and tests are provided to the public. But the poor part of the population still believes that HIV was invented by whites, like contraceptives, and therefore it is better to stay away from them. On the border with South Africa is Swaziland - a power with a population of more than 1.2 citizens. 50% of this country is infected. On average, a Swazi citizen lives to a maximum of 37 years.

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