home doors

Cellar ventilation device with one and two pipes: an overview of important technical aspects. Proper ventilation of the cellar with your own hands Mechanical ventilation of the cellar with your own hands

A cellar is a basement or detached structure for storing crops, conservation, and other products. How long it will keep food, vegetables depends largely on the quality of the ventilation system organized inside. Do-it-yourself cellar ventilation is simple in design, the principle of operation, while it is very important, should be designed at the stage of its laying. If the ventilation system has not been provided, it can be arranged after the construction of the structure.

Why is the cellar ventilated?

Features of the crop storage facility:

a certain temperature regime that allows you to store the crop in the warm and cold seasons due to its construction below ground level;
lack of natural light;
constant circulation of fresh air is necessary;
humidity level averages 90%.

These parameters are maintained within normal limits by equipping the storage facility with a proper ventilation system. If ventilation is not working effectively:

the crop is not stored for a long time (rot, mold will appear, or the vegetables will be overdried);
condensation constantly collects on the walls, which significantly increases the humidity indicator;
the air stagnates, which is harmful to human health;
due to condensation in winter, the walls are covered with frost, the temperature is below the norm (+1⁰ - +4⁰ C), the building freezes.

The principle of operation of natural air exchange in the cellar

The principle of operation of the circulation of the air flow inside the storage is quite simple. Based on the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet airflow. The lower the inlet temperature, the greater the force that lifts the warm air mass up, where it is discharged through the exhaust duct. This is the principle of natural supply and exhaust system ventilation, which can be equipped on its own with minimum investment financial resources.

Depending on the design features of the burial structure, forced ventilation and exhaust ventilation can be installed.

Cellar ventilation scheme

The storage ventilation system is an air exchange between two ventilation ducts. The air flow is injected into the supply pipe from the outside, enters the building. Through the exhaust pipe, the waste rises up, is brought out.

Cellar ventilation with two pipes is almost independent of external factors location, climatic features. The circulation of air flows in a natural way is regulated primarily by the correct location of the ventilation ducts.

Air ducts are placed in opposite corners of the structure at different levels. The supply air is placed 200-300 mm above the floor level of the storage, the exhaust is mounted under the ceiling, not lower than 150-200 mm from it. They are brought out of the building, the supply air is about 300 mm above the ground or roof level, the exhaust air is at a height of at least 1.5-2 m.

Be sure to calculate the required diameter of the cross section of the channels, it is possible according to a simplified scheme:

26 cm² of pipe area is determined per 1 m² of the room;
for 1 cm of pipe diameter, 13 cm² of cross section is needed.

The upper outlet of the supply air duct must be closed with a grille that protects it from debris, penetration of rodents and other small animals.

With a strictly vertical placement of ventilation ducts, metal umbrellas or a deflector should be installed on their heads to prevent atmospheric precipitation from getting inside.

Cellar ventilation. Peculiarities

The most effective ventilation can be organized during laying, leaving holes in the walls for the subsequent connection of the duct.
Ventilation ducts must necessarily have the same diameter for a uniform distribution of air flows. For faster removal of exhaust air, the exhaust pipe can be installed with a larger diameter. In no case is it the other way around: the air will stagnate in the storage.
To ensure a large pressure drop, the hood is placed at least 1.5 m above the roof of the cellar / embankment.
The exhaust duct opening is mounted under the ceiling so that the warm stale air is completely replaced by fresh air.
The ventilation ducts are installed in opposite corners. This allows the incoming air flow to pass through the entire room before exiting through the hood.
The most efficient design is the straight vent pipe. It is recommended to avoid its bends for better ventilation of the room.
Air ducts must be of the same cross section along their entire length.
Dosing the circulation of air flows, maintaining the optimal temperature regime in the storage is provided with the help of dampers, which is important in the cold season.
The use of a deflector increases the draft force in the hood.

materials

The most commonly used ventilation ducts are made of polyethylene or asbestos cement. Both of these materials are durable, long service life, and weather resistant.

Plastic pipes are easy to install, the ventilation device with them will be simple. The main thing is to connect them qualitatively.

Metal surfaces will be exposed to constant moisture and corrode. Therefore, the use of metal ventilation ducts is undesirable, they will be short-lived. It is possible to use stainless steel pipes.

Asbestos air ducts are best suited for industrial premises.

Ventilation in the cellar on its own is possible from pipes and other materials. They must meet the features of the structure, withstand the effects of moisture, precipitation, and other external factors.

Forced cellar ventilation

Due to the design features of the burial structure, natural ventilation may not be enough for full air exchange (lack of wind in hot weather, several rooms in storage, large area). How to make ventilation in the cellar effective with your own hands?

In this case, it is recommended to use optional equipment(fans) to enhance the inflow of fresh air and remove exhaust air outside the storage. Such supply and exhaust exhaust ventilation is forced.

Fans on the exhaust duct help to bring stale air out faster. This creates a kind of vacuum that enhances the flow of fresh air.

A fan can also be mounted on the supply channel to enhance air circulation inside the building. It is necessary to set the reverse stroke on the fan, in which the blades will move in the opposite direction.

Optional equipment

Auxiliary equipment are

Fans:

axial (mounted at the entrance of the ventilation duct);
channel (built into the middle of the ventilation pipe);
"snail-fans" (more difficult to install).

What you need to pay attention to before buying additional supply / exhaust equipment:

whether the performance of the fans corresponds to the volume of the cellar;
resistance to high humidity;
exhaust fan equipment check valve to exclude the entry of a cold stream into the cellar;
set with plastic caps.

Cellar ventilation in winter

The winter period is no exception for airing the cellar space. In order to prevent the room from cooling below an acceptable level, the inlet flow, discharge should be regulated using dampers installed inside the ventilation ducts. The lower the temperature outside, the stronger the draft.

With the onset of severe frosts, the dampers must be completely closed. The rest of the time, regulate the inflow and outflow in accordance with atmospheric temperature indicators. If necessary, the cellar should be heated with heaters to maintain a temperature of +2 - + 4⁰ C. This will prevent the stored crop from freezing.

It should also be remembered that severe cold will certainly provoke the appearance of frost inside the outlet pipe, which will prevent the passage of air flow to the outside. Air ducts are recommended to be cleaned as frost accumulates inside.

To prevent freezing of the outlet channel, it is recommended to insulate it with thermal insulation material. Freezing is almost completely eliminated. But condensation may form. You can solve the problem by installing a drainage tank, which will need to be periodically emptied of the liquid.

If it is not possible to constantly monitor the cleaning of the hood from frost, drainage capacity, the best option would be forced exhaust ventilation built into the ventilation duct. It will help remove excess moisture along with the exhaust air flow, which will prevent the accumulation of condensate inside the insulated ventilation duct.

Excessive dampness

Enhanced ventilation contributes to the rapid drying of a damp room. It is held in summer, autumn before harvest. All boxes, boxes for storing vegetables are taken out. It is advisable to dry them in direct sunlight to obtain a bactericidal effect.

There are several ways to get rid of excess moisture in the cellar:

Use a hygroscopic substance. Place boxes with it inside the building for several days. The filler can be used differently, for example, coarse salt, quicklime, sand, etc. The substance intensively absorbs excess moisture from the air, thereby drying the storage space.
More simple effective method- Use of a candle. Installed as close as possible to the hood, pre-fixed for stability and placed in a metal stand. The heat of the flame increases the draft inside the hood, thereby improving overall air exchange. Drying the space is much faster. Several days are spent, burnt candles are periodically replaced with new ones.
The same function can be performed by a spirit stove using liquid or dry fuel.
You can also install a household fan for a few days. With open doors, hatches, it enhances the natural circulation of air flow, which helps to remove accumulated dampness to the outside.
An expensive, energy-consuming method is the use of electric heaters. It will take a long time to dry, during which the heater winds up a lot of electricity. It is placed in the center for uniform heating of the entire space. A more efficient heat generator is a heating appliance. It warms up the space faster, which saves time and, accordingly, energy costs. Hot air increases traction, air exchange is more efficient.
Install a potbelly stove inside the storage. Connect the chimney to the exhaust pipe. If there is no hood, it makes no sense to install the stove, because it will smoke and will not bring the desired effect. Due to the heating of the air, the flow change improves, which inevitably leads to drying of the surfaces of the vegetable store.
Build a brazier from a metal container, such as an old bucket. Holes are drilled at the bottom to improve traction, the combustion process. Firewood is laid inside (preferably birch). Burning, they give off heat to the room. This enhances the ventilation of the building.

From a technical point of view, installing a ventilation system inside the cellar with your own hands is not difficult if you have basic skills, a minimum set of tools and accessories. It is designed and installed at the stage of storage bookmarking. Justifies itself in the first weeks of work, maintaining and maintaining the optimal indoor climate.

Friends! More interesting stuff:

Ouch! There are no materials yet (((. Scroll through the site again!

Owners of private houses, as a rule, use a cellar for food storage. But due to the lack of windows, the room is deprived of a normal level of air exchange. This leads to increased humidity, the formation of fungus with mold, accelerated spoilage of products, which is very unpleasant, isn't it?

Do you want to prevent such problems, but don't know how? We will show you a solution - after all, properly organized ventilation of the cellar with two pipes will help to ensure the flow of air. And you can do it yourself.

The main stages of the work and the rules of arrangement are discussed in detail in our article. The material is complemented by visual photo instructions and provided with detailed video recommendations for organizing optimal climatic conditions in the cellar. Having studied which even a beginner will be able to understand the basics of the device of the ventilation system at home.

The basement, as a rule, is in every private house. Many residents of the private sector equip it with utility rooms, a cellar, arrange saunas, gyms, rest rooms, which requires the arrangement of a complex system.

However, most often the basement is used to store food stocks, which, although they need a certain microclimate, do not require a forced exhaust device.

In this case, it will be enough to make a natural one.

Lack or insufficient ventilation of the cellar is the main reason for the increase in humidity and the formation of mold.

However, in order to ensure the safety of products and the proper functioning of the cellar, it is necessary to adhere to some rules in the arrangement of this room.

Let's consider them in more detail:

Eliminate natural light in the basement. There should be no windows in the basement; periodic use of electric lighting is allowed.
Organize a favorable temperature regime. To do this, the cellar is equipped in such a way that one of its sides is in contact with outer wall Houses.
Ensure adequate air circulation in the room provided with ventilation.
Maintain the required room humidity. The optimal indicator is about 90%. This parameter also depends on ventilation.
Get good waterproofing to prevent groundwater from entering the cellar.

From the above list of requirements for the proper arrangement of the basement, it can be seen that two out of five necessary conditions provides ventilation.

But in order for it to function effectively and create the optimal mode for storing products, you need to follow certain rules for its installation.

The most elementary ventilation system is air vents, which are installed in the basement on opposite sides of the house. They are suitable for small basements with a ceiling height of no more than two meters. So that garbage does not get into the cellar, and rodents do not crawl through, the holes are closed with a grate

Insufficient ventilation of the room leads to an increase in humidity and the formation of mold, excessive ventilation can cause excessive dryness of the basement, which will also adversely affect the safety of the crop.

Therefore, here you need to adhere to the rule of the golden mean, but in order to comply with it, it is important to make the right calculations, which depend on the size and characteristics of the room.

Image Gallery

Rules for installing air ducts

To organize a supply and exhaust ventilation system, you will need. To ensure uniform air circulation, pipes of the same diameter are used. To speed up the removal of stagnant air, it is allowed to install an exhaust pipe of a slightly larger cross section.

Air ducts are located at a considerable distance from each other in opposite walls of the room. Thus, maximum favorable conditions to ventilate the cellar.

It is desirable that along the route of the pipes, there should be as little as possible, and even better, there should be no sovey, bends and turns.

The exhaust pipe is installed in one of the corners of the basement. Its lower end should be near the ceiling itself (about 1.5 m from the cellar floor), so that all the warm air heading to the upper part of the room is completely expelled outside.

The air duct passes through all the premises of the house and is displayed on the roof at an elevation of one and a half meters above the ridge.

When air masses pass through the pipe, condensate accumulates, and in winter frost forms inside it. To avoid this, it is necessary to insulate the air duct located on the street.

To do this, a larger pipe is put on top, and any insulation is placed in the resulting space.

The outlet opening is closed with a fine mesh. But best of all on the pipe head, around which an artificial vacuum is created, which helps to increase traction.

The supply air duct is located in another corner of the cellar, its open end should rise 40-50 cm above the basement floor. It is necessary that the opening of the supply pipe be one meter below the exhaust pipe. The pipe can be put through the house and make an exit to the roof of the building.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that the intake air inlet on the roof should also be lower than the exhaust one, in this case a large air pressure difference is created at the inlet and outlet, which contributes to increased draft and improves air flow. Therefore, the outer edge of the pipe is raised on the roof no higher than 20-25 cm.

Often, when arranging a basement under a residential building, the supply air duct is led out through the basement ceiling into a hole made in the outer wall of the building.

Outside, a grate is put on the supply pipe, which prevents dust and debris from entering the hole and does not allow rodents to get into the cellar.

Inside the basement, special dampers must be installed in each duct, the opening or closing of which regulates the intensity of air inflow and outflow.

The supply pipe can be removed from the basement by installing it outside the house. In this case, the duct opening is raised above the ground by about 80 cm

Installation of a natural ventilation system

It is desirable to design and install the ventilation system at the stage of building a house. During this period, all work is much easier to carry out than to mount the air duct in a finished box.

However, this is not always possible, often the air duct is installed in an already finished structure.

If ventilation is laid during the construction of the cellar, a recess is made in the ground for laying the exhaust duct. IN brickwork leaving a hole for the pipe

If the installation of ventilation is carried out in a separate cellar, then a hole is made in its ceiling, where the exhaust pipe is led out. It is strengthened inside and outside the premises in accordance with the recommendations given above.

When arranging the ventilation of a cellar located under a residential building, the exhaust duct must be installed in the place where the common house ventilation duct overlooking the roof of the building.

On the opposite side of the basement, a hole is made in the ceiling or in the upper part of the wall for installing the supply pipe. In a separate cellar, the pipe is brought to the roof below the level of the exhaust duct.

In the cellar under a residential building, the conclusion is made in outer wall buildings. Inside the basement, the pipe is lowered to a distance of 30-50 cm from the floor.

exhaust channel basement, located under the house, as a rule, is built into a common air duct, and the supply pipe is led out into the side wall

After installing the supply and exhaust air ducts, it is necessary to close their outer openings, and install dampers inside the pipes. Condensation can accumulate in the outlet channel even when insulated in severe frosts, so it is recommended to install a tap to drain the water at the bottom of the pipe.

To check the operation of the ventilation system, thin paper should be attached to the inlet. If the air duct is working properly, the leaf will flutter.

Photo guide for chimney installation

Consider a practical option for enhancing cellar ventilation by installing a high exhaust pipe.

According to the calculations made earlier, such a solution will increase the hood, in addition, it will allow you to get out of the zone of wind backwater created by neighboring buildings and trees. As planned, the pipe is installed on the ventilation duct:

Image Gallery

A gardener's dream is to have his own spacious and dry basement for storing vegetables from the garden, conservation and other household items. How to make technologically correct ventilation of the home cellar? To equip a good storage in a private house, it is necessary to equip it with a supply and exhaust air exchanger. A competent extract in the cellar will ensure optimal humidity and temperature conditions.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system

Optimization and quality of ventilation depend on the correct arrangement of it. Scheme correct operation air exchange system is simple. The space in the basement provides for 2 channels of the supply and exhaust structure. Through one - fresh air enters the room, through the other, fumes are removed from the cellar.
When the underground storage has a small area, air exchange is created in the cellar with one pipe. But the efficiency of a single channel system will be low.

Proper ventilation cellar is characterized by the following factors:

maximum performance is achieved due to risers of a certain diameter connected to the holes;
the quality of the system is determined by the location of the exhaust and supply openings above the basement;
cellar ventilation pipes are mounted in the walls if the basement is located under the garage or under the house, or led out through the ceiling if the storage is on the street;
when building a hood for a cellar with your own hands, you need to take into account the installation height of the inlet and outlet channels from the floor;
The hole diameter must be the same on all channels. Too small - leads to musty air, and vice versa, the flow a large number cold leads to icing of products;
the ventilation device in the cellar involves the installation of supply and output risers on opposite corners or walls. A certain distance is required between the pipes. This arrangement ensures the maximum passage of fresh air through the room, pushing out stagnant air;
openings for the removal of stagnant air are made under the ceiling;
the ventilation exhaust duct is arranged above the embankment of the basement. Its length, for the normal functioning of the air duct system, must be at least 150 cm:
to organize the ventilation of the underground, PVC pipes of the same diameter are used;
when arranging the supply and exhaust structure, it is necessary to achieve a direct location of communications. Curves and turns make it difficult for air to pass through;
to maintain an optimal microclimate in the basement, it is recommended to install dampers. In the cold season, they regulate the flow of cold air;
segments of air circulation channels from the outside are covered with a grill, mushrooms and are necessarily insulated.

Guided by the above tips for arranging ventilation in the cellar, you can achieve optimal ventilation of the underground storage.

Varieties of supply and exhaust air exchange systems in basements

Depending on the layout and area of the subfloor, the type of hood is selected. There are several types of air exchange systems in basements.

Natural ventilation

The extraction device in the cellar according to the type of natural ventilation is based on the difference in temperature indicators and pressure in the street and indoors. Efficiency depends on the correct location of the holes. The supply channel is placed at a height of 25 - 30 cm from the floor, and the exhaust passage - 10 - 20 cm from the ceiling.

Forced system

The forced air exchange design consists of two pipes with built-in fans that force the air to move, creating an artificial vacuum in the room. Their power depends on the dimensions of the basement.

Combined ventilation

When creating air exchange inside the subfloor, choosing hoods, it is necessary to take into account the features of the building. It can be located under a residential building or garage, located separately on the street. These factors affect the correct capacity of the duct.

Subfloor in the house: we create air vent communications

Ventilation in the cellar under the house has two purposes: it provides the comfort of living in the house and the storage of products in an accessible place. An improperly functioning ventilation system negatively affects the comfort of living - it leads to the penetration of stale and stale air into the home
What should be the hood for the cellar so that the storage conditions are optimal, and the owners' accommodation is comfortable? To arrange ventilation of a room under a residential building, use the forced method, with the installation of a stationary fan on the exhaust opening or a natural view.

System Features

Ventilation of the cellar under the house has its own nuances:

the supply channel is mounted through the foundation of the building;
the pipe for fresh air intake should not have many bends, turns, constrictions and expansions;
when bringing the holes out, it is necessary to ensure that they are not covered with dirt, snow;
to prevent condensation outer part insulated;
the exhaust elbow is placed along the wall.

Most often in residential buildings, a basement is built under the kitchen.

Basement under the garage

The arrangement of ventilation of the cellar under the garage implies maintaining the microclimate in the underground room for storing things and products, as well as to prevent dampness. Structurally, the hood is divided into the following options:

natural - due to the difference in pressure and temperature inside and outside. natural circulation air - popular cheap option. It assumes the presence of two holes with pipes made of metal, plastic or PVC.
Artificial cellar ventilation - ventilation occurs forcibly with the help of installed fans. Their work is controlled by a monoblock control.
a combined method that allows you to combine the above two types.

A properly constructed air exchange mechanism ensures ventilation not only of the basement, but also of the garage itself.

What hole diameter is required for the ventilation system?

Determination of the required pipe size, provides optimal performance cellar ventilation systems. Professional designers perform a complex algorithm for calculating the diameter of pipes, but a simplified form is used for independent construction:

for a basement area of 1m², a channel cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200b26 cm² is needed. Let's take an underground storage 4x3 m as a standard.
we calculate the area: S \u003d 3x3 \u003d 9 m².
for such dimensions, a pipe with a cross section is required: T \u003d 9x26 \u003d 234 cm².
) \u003d √ (234 / 3.14) \u003d 8.6 cm
the diameter is calculated as Dp ≈17 cm = 170 mm.

Knowing the required dimensions, you can proceed to subsequent installation activities.

Installation work

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the cellar is easy. But the correctness of its construction depends on the knowledge and skills of the owners of the house. Guided by the advice of professionals, you can independently build air exchange in the basement.

If the ventilation system is set up in a finished basement, then a hole is made in the ceiling for the outlet of the air duct.
An exhaust pipe is carried through the niche and fixed under the ceiling.
From the street, the outlet channel rises 150 cm above the ground.
In the opposite corner, the air inlet through the wall is mounted and lowered down. It is located at least 20 cm from the floor.
The intake hole in the yard should be lower than the supply one. This ensures natural traction.
A deflector, fungus and mesh are installed on all outputs of the supply and output system.

Underfloor drying

Drying is considered the simplest method of cellar ventilation. If there is high humidity in the room, then it needs to be warmed up.

to ensure a favorable microclimate, it is recommended to open all doors and hatches in the basement. The room is completely dried and ventilated.
containers with hygroscopic substances are used: table salt or quicklime, which perfectly absorb moisture and dampness, and disinfect the air.
the installation of a burning candle in the exhaust duct helps to increase the intensity of the draft. Air circulation increases significantly, and harmful fumes are removed from the room.
drying the room with wind-blown heaters, portable stoves and electric heaters is considered the easiest and most affordable way.

It is better to start drying in summer time. natural ventilation warm air gives the maximum effect.

Waterproofing measures

Covering the underground space with waterproofing compounds allows you to maintain optimal temperature and humidity conditions inside.
There are several options for isolation:

for concrete walls deep penetration impregnations are used, which treat all surfaces. Each layer penetrates the concrete, creating a waterproof and breathable surface.
ruberoid is used as an insulating material. The sheet is laid on a surface treated with mastic.
clay is an environmentally friendly material that also retains moisture well.

In addition to the above options, other means are used, but the above ones differ in availability and safety of use.

How to properly ventilate the cellar? There are some tips:

In winter, it is better to cover the hood so as not to contribute to the strong cooling of the basement. For this, old blankets and rags are used, which are laid on a steel grate in a manhole.
Overdrying the cellar is also harmful. Raise humidity to optimal level you can use a spray gun (spray water occasionally) or boxes with wet sand.
The air temperature in the basement should not coincide with the street. To expel musty fumes in the underground room, fans installed in the system channels are used.

A well-equipped air exhaust system is the key to maintaining the microclimate in the basement. Do-it-yourself cellar ventilation is an opportunity to create the perfect storage for vegetables and preservation.

The basement is an integral part of a modern private house or cottage. It serves to accommodate communications of heating and water supply systems in it, and can be used as a garage, workshop or vegetable store. In any case, the basement needs to maintain a given level of temperature and humidity. Dampness adversely affects the safety of agricultural products, leads to the appearance of mold, destroys the walls of the house and negatively affects other objects. Properly equipped basement ventilation will help to solve this problem.

We note the positive aspects of the use of ventilation systems in the basement and basement:

Comfortable microclimate in the house, there is no feeling of dampness on the first floor;
Possibility to build a storage room, which maintains a constant temperature and moisture content in the air;
Increases the service life of load-bearing structures residential building or cellar, especially if they are made of wood;
The operation of gas and heating equipment is not possible in an unventilated room for safety reasons;
Mold spores will never grow in a dry basement that cause colds, allergies and asthma.

Kinds

All types of ventilation are divided into several types, depending on its purpose, the complexity of the arrangement and the principle of operation. But the principle of operation of any of them will be based on the laws of physics on the movement of air masses. Cold air goes down and warm air goes up.

Natural supply ventilation

The simplest, airflow system in the foundation or basement. It is equipped at the stage of building a house and is a small hole in the upper part of the basement.

If the basement is below ground level, then the hood is equipped with plastic or asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of 10-15 cm. They are brought out above the surface to a height of 30 cm and covered with bars from debris and rodents. This method is natural and depends on fluctuations in street temperature, wind strength, and humidity.

When calculating its throughput, 1/400 of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe basement is taken - this is how we get the total area of \u200b\u200ball the ducts.

Openings should be located on the leeward side, the least exposed to precipitation. Houses with a complex foundation shape and located in low-lying places can have up to one hole for every 3-4 meters. We close the vents with gratings from the outside.

This inexpensive option is well suited for ventilating garages and non-residential basements, or as an addition to the main ventilation system.

Natural exhaust ventilation

Supply and exhaust type. For proper operation, you will need to install two pipes for ventilation, and the supply and exhaust ventilation device looks like this.

The first pipe is located under the very ceiling of the basement and is designed to expel warm air. We place the exhaust pipe as high as possible, preferably at the level of the roof ridge. This is necessary to ensure good traction. The part of the pipe that is in the open air must be insulated to prevent freezing in the winter and covered with a visor from precipitation.
The second pipe for the inflow of fresh air is located at a height of 30-40 centimeters from the floor level, and we place its entrance on the street a meter above the ground and cover it with a grate. Convection will occur due to the temperature difference between the outdoor and basement air. Such a system will work most efficiently when the supply channels are separated on different sides of the basement.

The disadvantage of all natural exhaust ventilation systems one is the dependence on weather conditions and prevailing winds. It will not work if the temperature in the basement and on the street is equal.

Forced

It is used if natural supply ventilation cannot cope or there is no physical possibility to use it. Usually used in the following cases:

Basement area from 40 m2 or has several rooms isolated from each other;
High humidity rooms, when the condensate in the exhaust duct freezes in winter and impairs the permeability of air masses;
The architecture of the house does not provide high ventilation pipes;
The basement is equipped with a sauna, cafe, gym, workshop or other source of bad odors.

The device of forced supply and exhaust ventilation has a system of channels and fans that distill air.

The main condition is to make the air constantly circulate., which is ensured by the synchronous operation of exhaust and supply fans. Their number is calculated depending on the volume of the cellar or basement and the capacity of the air ducts.

Supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery

For a basement floor where permanent residence is planned, it is not enough to simply install a forced ventilation system. The room must be insulated and waterproofed. The issue of heating and heating is also solved.

Increasingly, supply and exhaust with heat recovery is built into such schemes.

Already well-heated air enters the exhaust pipe, and in order not to throw ready-made calories into the atmosphere, the air is passed through a special ceramic heat exchanger. When heated, it gives off heat to fresh air. The air streams do not intersect. The efficiency of such a device is 50-90%, depending on the design of the heat exchanger. All heat recuperators are very reliable, do not require additional maintenance and can serve for decades.

It is equipped with moisture traps, dust filters, sensors that control humidity and air temperature. For residential premises, these indicators lie within 50-65% relative humidity and 18-220C. Such systems are most often found in smart homes”, and their installation is complicated and should be carried out only by professionals.

Supply and exhaust ventilation device

Now let's figure out how to make ventilation in the basement. The easiest way would be to make ventilation in the cellar or basement of the supply and exhaust type or forced.

Let's do the calculation first.

For 1 m2 of area there should be 25 cm2 of the cross section of the duct.

With an increase in ceiling height or humidity, the diameter of the duct increases. The wooden box can be divided into two halves for supply and exhaust ventilation, but it is best to use plastic pipes or metal corrugated boxes.

Wooden ventilation parts must be treated against mold and painted.

The supply and exhaust ventilation device can be supplemented with a deflector on the roof of the house. It will create additional vacuum in the pipe and improve the output of warm air.

Managed forced system will be much more efficient with comparable labor costs. To do this, we need special duct fans that operate on a voltage of 36 V. This feature is associated with the category of all basements that allow the use of only such currents.

Therefore, a transformer is installed in the electrical panel that lowers the voltage from 220 V to 36 V. And the wiring must be laid in cable channels. These and other rules can be found in .

For small rooms, only one such fan per exhaust arm will suffice. The influx of fresh air will be carried out due to rarefaction in the basement. But the efficiency of the system will be much higher if you install a second supply pump and combine their work on one control panel.

Now on sale you can find programmable control panels with temperature and humidity sensors, and the duct fans themselves are available in all sizes and are compatible with almost any ventilation ducts. For convenience, they are already built into the case, have a protective grille and replaceable filters.

It is preferable to use PVC as pipes for ventilation ducts in your own house. They are strong and light enough to attach to walls and ceilings with standard wall plugs. They are not afraid of moisture and temperature changes, and the cost is lower than steel structures.

Condensation will always form in the exhaust ventilation ducts, which must be removed periodically. To do this, you can provide a special hole for draining water. Excess moisture leads to corrosion metal structures and increases the likelihood of freezing of the air duct in winter. If this happens, then you should definitely clean and defrost the channel.

Health check

Determining air circulation is quite simple. To do this, you can use the open flame of an alcohol burner or candle, or attach a paper sheet to the hole in the exhaust channel. A good hood will securely hold the sheet. The thermometer installed in the area of the supply air duct will not damage either.

The following signs speak of poor ventilation of the basement, garage:

The appearance of condensation on the walls and the humidity is over 95%. Permissible maximum humidity for storing blanks and crops is 85-90% at a temperature of 3-40C. For residential premises, a garage, humidity indicators should not exceed 40-50%;
Mold and fungi on walls and ceilings;
Bad smell indoors and heavy stale air;
Sudden temperature changes they talk about an incorrect device for supply and exhaust ventilation or errors in calculating the cross section of channels;
In warm weather, condensation may not be noticeable, but in winter the walls will be abundantly covered with frost;
Cellars with vegetables can accumulate carbon dioxide. You can determine it by an extinguished candle or match. In this case, it is necessary to open all dampers and ventilate during the day, without going down into the room without protective equipment.

The installation of ventilation systems will be much more effective if, together with it, measures are taken to maintain the microclimate:

Periodic ventilation with the opening of all doors and hatches. This requirement is especially relevant for cellar owners. It is best to do this in the summer, and get all the wooden items from the cellar;
Treat walls regularly lime or special compounds. They protect against mold and bad smell in room. An approximate recipe for such a composition: for a bucket of water 3 kg of lime and 50 g of copper sulfate;
With excess moisture in the air, you can fight with a box of sand, sawdust, salt, quicklime. Periodically, the box is taken out and thoroughly dried in the sun. In the cellar, you can leave the hole unlocked, and cover it with old blankets or mattresses to improve air circulation;
It helps to install an additional heat source (small stove, brazier, heater, lamp) or just a burning candle;
Waterproofing the basement or cellars with bituminous compounds;
Install adjustable dampers on the supply and exhaust ventilation. With their help, it will be possible to exclude drafts and freezing of the basement in winter;
If the cellar is located in the garage, then it should have a separate ventilation system. The increased humidity of the vegetable cellar is contraindicated for the car;
Install a regular home fan.

How much does ventilation cost

Providing a good microclimate in the basement is inexpensive. Simple Options can be made from construction waste and improvised materials, more complex ones will require additional investments.

The following factors will affect the cost of the entire system:

The area of \u200b\u200bthe basement and the height of the entire building. According to these parameters, the number and size of air ducts are calculated, which will be a significant part of the entire project;
Air box material. PVC is cheaper, but has limitations in size and maximum pipe diameter. Galvanized steel is more reliable and allows ventilation of any degree of complexity and configuration, but is much more expensive, heavier and may require special equipment;
Degree of automation (a simple duct fan costs from 2000 rubles, a switch from 1400 rubles);
The presence of complex and expensive additional devices - split systems, recuperators, dehumidifiers, hygrometers and sensors (the cost of such a turnkey system can exceed 100 thousand rubles);

Ventilation in the basement is important both for the safety of the food stored there and for the well-being of the whole house. The simplest options can be made independently or laid down at the construction stage. More complex types of ventilation will require special skills and experience. In any case, this system should always be serviceable and serviced in a timely manner.

People who go about their business know how much physical strength and it takes time. I want to store a rich harvest from my land carefully and for a long time, so that nothing is lost, and titanic work was not in vain. Such people are thinking about how to make a hood in the cellar with their own hands. It does not spend a lot of effort and money, and such a thing as a cellar is very useful in the household.

In fact, there is nothing complicated about this. The main thing is that clean air enters and exits the cellar, creating the necessary circulation of air masses in a confined space. Otherwise, with strong room humidity, the products will rot, mold, fungi and pathogenic microorganisms may appear.

Therefore, a properly functioning ventilation system in your cellar will prevent such phenomena.

Piping layout for efficient ventilation

The supply pipe should be placed so that its end is at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from the cellar floor. The upper end of the pipe is located on the surface at the base of the soil. You don't need to lift it very high. It is important that it is located in a ventilated place and air can easily get there.

The exhaust pipe must be placed at the other end of the cellar, the lower part of the pipe is located on the contrary at the top, 20 - 30 centimeters above the ceiling and goes to the roof. It is important that the exhaust pipe is insulated, as condensation can form on it, which increases the humidity in the room. This arrangement will keep the ceiling dry. And the location at different ends of the room will allow air to pass through the entire cellar. If you install an exhaust pipe below 30 cm, the ceiling will be damp and mold or fungus will form on it.

In addition, it is necessary to fence off the pipes from the penetration of moisture, insects, rodents, birds and other debris that can enter the cellar through the pipe. To do this, the end of the supply and exhaust pipes located on the street are closed with a grate.

Optionally, instead of a grill, you can use a device called a deflector. The deflector is installed at the end of the exhaust pipe facing the street and provides greater protection against moisture penetration into the cellar, and in strong winds, due to pressure, air will escape from the pipe faster, which will enhance ventilation in the cellar.

About how to properly make a hood in the cellar, you need to take care even before the start of construction in order to avoid unwanted mistakes.

If, however, you are building with two pipes, do not place them close to each other, otherwise the air entering from one hole will immediately exit the other and the ventilation of the cellar will be minimal. Please note that both pipes are the same size. A mismatch can cause indoor air to stagnate, creating the perfect atmosphere for decay. Before starting construction, you should have a cellar ventilation scheme in order to calculate everything in advance, think over and avoid mistakes.

Cellar ventilation with one pipe

The only conditions that are necessary for ventilation with one pipe is a small cellar area. A large room will not be able to ventilate properly with only one pipe and problems will begin.

Scheme for organizing simple cellar ventilation: two pipes are built into one pipe

For such ventilation, they take a pipe divided into two compartments, through which air enters from one shade and exits from another. It is extremely important to place ventilation in such a place that it is well blown by the wind, otherwise even for a small cellar one pipe will not be enough. Therefore, an exhaust scheme in the cellar is necessary in order to sort out and measure everything in advance.

After installing the hood, the air circulation is checked. For example, you can smoke a room and see how quickly the air is cleared. You can also attach sheets of paper to different ends of the pipe - one sheet should fit snugly, since air escapes through it and it blocks the process, and the other sheet, on the contrary, cannot fit snugly.

Perfume in the cellar

The extraction device in the cellar is able to maintain optimal air humidity (90%) and eliminate high humidity. But if such a situation occurs when water gets inside the cellar and the humidity is increased, it is necessary to correct this.

Organization of condensate collection in the cellar ventilation system

Only one ventilation here will not save the situation. Proper waterproofing of the walls and floor of the cellar is necessary. And if necessary, install a tank with a tap to collect condensate on the ventilation pipe.

To do this, containers are placed in the cellar with substances that can absorb moisture from the air - rice, salt (coarse grinding), lime. Even special adsorbents are sold for such purposes. If there is a lot of water, then it is necessary to pump it out first, and only then put adsorbents to remove residual moisture in the cellar.

Install an alcohol thermometer to monitor air humidity. So you will control changes in air humidity. And if the cellar is large, put two - at different ends of the room.

Exhaust fan

The essence of its installation is to forcibly increase ventilation in the room. The fan is installed inside the exhaust duct. Thus, increasing the removal of air to the outside and, accordingly, increasing the flow of air into the accessory pipe. The cellar hood must be efficient and keep food fresh for as long as possible.

Fan power is selected according to the size of the room. Too much powerful fan will create too much draft and cool the food too much.

You can install two fans in both pipes, but for this you need to consult a specialist, because for large and complex rooms, everything needs to be specially calculated and thought out so that the hood in the cellar is as efficient as possible.

How to determine the correct pipe diameter

With a simple design of the room, it is possible to calculate the required diameter for ventilation of the cellar yourself. Need to know that for one square meter you will need 26 square centimeters of ventilation.

Thus, we multiply the area of \u200b\u200bthe room by 26 square centimeters and get a number that must be divided by 3.14. The resulting number is the pipe diameter we need.

How to mount an exhaust pipe with your own hands

If a cellar was made first, and only then an exhaust device is installed in the cellar, then first you need to make a hole of the appropriate size. After that, install the pipe at the required distance from the ceiling.

Seal all gaps in cellar ventilation pipes

Make sure that after installing the hood there is no extra space left. If this happens, seal the gap tightly.

If the cellar is built under the house, then the hood can be installed in the fireplace chimney. Thus, the difference in temperature will increase the output of ventilated air.

If the hood goes outside, then it should be much higher than the supply pipe.

What pipes are used to ventilate the cellar

Now there is a fairly large assortment of ventilation pipes, but asbestos-cement or polyethylene are most often used. Asbestos-cement because of the composition is much heavier than polyethylene, but both are equally durable. When installing polyethylene pipes you may need to weld them, this may not work for everyone. Therefore, most often for the installation of polyethylene pipes they invite a specialist who will do this work.

If the question arises - “how to make the hood in the cellar yourself” there is nothing complicated. It is quite simple to do it yourself with minimal cost and time. Proper hood in the cellar will help the products to be stored for a long time and delight you on the table.