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The closed heating system works without a pump. Heating without a pump scheme. How to make water heating with natural circulation

In order to be able to live in the built country house at any time of the year, it needs high-quality heating. Among the wide variety of heating devices, it is sometimes difficult to decide what exactly is needed in a given situation. One of the most simple options, which can be equipped independently, is a heating system without a pump, that is, with a natural type of coolant circulation. It is about this type of heating that we will discuss later in the material.

When can a pump be dispensed with?

The movement of the coolant inside the heating circuit occurs under the influence of the laws of physics. This means that when heated, the liquid rises, and as it cools, it falls again, thereby providing heating of the room.

Most of all, a heating system without a circulation pump is in demand precisely in country houses and in dachas, since in suburban conditions the power supply is not always stable or does not exist at all. In this regard, heating equipment with a forced circulation type is impractical.

It is noteworthy that it is quite possible to equip heating with natural circulation of the coolant on your own. In addition, such a system is very convenient to use.

The structure and types of systems with a natural type of circulation

Usually, a heating scheme without a pump includes a list of required components:

heating device - a boiler or stove that can be heated with a type of fuel available in a particular region;
expansion tank, which allows you to relieve excess pressure or add water to the heating circuit;
pipes forming a circuit along which water will move in the system;
batteries that allow you to better heat the room by increasing the area of the heat-releasing surface.

The diameter of the pipes for heating with natural circulation will be slightly larger than if a circulation pump is used.

Based on what kind of coolant will be used, natural circulation heating systems can be water or steam.

Let's bring distinctive features each type of heating.

Heating with water as heat carrier

The functional features of water heating systems with a natural type of coolant circulation are determined by a number of characteristics.

Based on which expansion tank is used to equip a heating system with natural circulation of the coolant, there are:

open systems. AT this case the expansion tank is installed as high as possible in order to create excess pressure in the expansion tank. In addition, thanks to this, you can get rid of air pockets in the heating circuit. From time to time, through an open expansion tank, water is added to the pipes, partially evaporated during the operation of the heating.
Closed systems. In such heating with natural circulation, the expansion tank is replaced by a special membrane hydrostorage cylinder. It provides additional pressure in the circuit within 1.5 atmospheres. For safety reasons, systems of this design are usually equipped with a pressure gauge unit, the task of which is to adjust the pressure inside the pipeline.

Another fundamental point that distinguishes the design of heating systems with a natural type of water circulation is the connection diagram of the heating elements.

According to the method of connecting heating appliances to a gas boiler without a pump, the following options can be distinguished:

Single pipe wiring heating. With this type of heating, all radiators are connected in series to the same pipe. That is, water passes through each subsequent heater and only after that it moves on. Among the advantages of single-pipe wiring equipment are the ease of installation, as well as low material consumption.
Two-pipe wiring in a heating system with natural circulation. In this case, all radiators that are part of the heating system are connected to the pipeline in parallel. At the same time, the temperature of the coolant that enters each radiator is the same. After the water passes through the entire radiator and cools down, it returns to the boiler heat exchanger through the return pipe.

It is believed that a two-pipe wiring diagram is the most appropriate in terms of the efficiency of housing heating. True, in order to equip such a system, it will take a lot of pipes and additional elements for mounting the heating circuit.

It is worth noting that when deciding how to make heating without a pump, consider your practical skills, as well as financial opportunities for purchasing consumables.

Steam heating type

Some consumers confuse steam heating with water heating. In essence, these systems are very similar, except that the coolant is steam rather than water.

Inside the heating boiler of the natural circulation system, water is heated to boiling point and converted to steam, which then moves to the pipeline and is further supplied to each radiator in the circuit.

The design of a steam heating system with natural circulation of the coolant includes the following components:

a special heating boiler, inside which water is heated to the boiling point, and steam is accumulated;
valve for releasing steam into the heating system;
pipeline;
heating radiators.

Please note that the steam type of heating system is operated at very high temperatures, so apply plastic pipes for the implementation of the pipeline is absolutely impossible.

The classification of steam type heating according to wiring diagrams and other criteria is exactly the same as that of water heating systems. AT recent times they also use a boiler for heating a private house, which also has its advantages.

How to properly install heating

In order for the finished heating system with natural circulation to function correctly and efficiently, it is important to follow certain rules when installing it.

In general, the installation scheme looks like this:

Heating radiators must be installed under the windows, preferably at the same level and in compliance with the necessary indents.
Next, install the heat generator, that is, the selected boiler.
Install the expansion tank.
Pipes are laid and the previously fixed elements are joined into a single system.
The heating circuit is filled with water and a preliminary check of the tightness of the connections is carried out.
The final stage is to start the heating boiler. If everything works correctly, then the house will be warm.

Pay attention to some nuances:

The boiler must be located at the lowest point in the system.
The pipes must be installed with a slope towards the return flow.
There should be as few turns in the pipeline as possible.
To increase the efficiency of heating, pipes with a large diameter are needed.

We hope this article will be useful for you, and you will be able to independently mount a heating system without a circulation pump in your country house.

For private country houses and cottages, a heating system with natural circulation of the coolant is often installed. This decision has its positive and negative sides. The scheme is performed in four different ways.

A gravity circulation system is sensitive to errors made during heating installation.

The principle of operation of the system with natural circulation

The heating scheme of a private house with natural circulation is popular due to the following advantages:

Easy installation and maintenance.
No need to install additional equipment.
Energy independence - no additional electricity costs are required during operation. In the event of a power outage, the heating system continues to operate.

The principle of operation of water heating, using gravity circulation, is based on physical laws. When heated, the density and weight of the liquid decrease, and when the liquid medium cools, the parameters return to their original state.

At the same time, there is practically no pressure in the heating system. In thermotechnical formulas, a ratio of 1 atm is taken for every 10 m of water column pressure. The calculation of the heating system of a 2-storey building will show that the hydrostatic pressure does not exceed 1 atm., In one-story buildings 0.5-0.7 atm.

Since the liquid increases in volume when heated, an expansion tank is required for natural circulation. The water passing through the water circuit of the boiler is heated, which leads to an increase in volume. The expansion tank must be located on the coolant supply, at the very top of the heating system. The task of the buffer tank is to compensate for the increase in liquid volume.

The self-circulating heating system can be used in private houses, making the following connections possible:

Connection to warm floors - needs to be installed circulation pump, only on the water circuit laid in the floor. The rest of the system will continue to operate with natural circulation. After a power outage, the room will continue to be heated using installed radiators.
Working with a boiler indirect heating water– connection to a system with natural circulation is possible, without the need to connect pumping equipment. To do this, the boiler is installed at the top of the system, just below the air expansion tank of a closed or open type. If this is not possible, then the pump is installed directly on the storage tank, additionally installing check valve to avoid recirculation of the coolant.

In systems with gravitational circulation, the movement of the coolant is carried out by gravity. Due to natural expansion, the heated liquid rises up the accelerating section, and then, under a slope, “flows down” through the pipes connected to the radiators back to the boiler.

Types of heating systems with gravity circulation

Despite the simple design of a water heating system with self-circulation of the coolant, there are at least four popular installation schemes. The choice of wiring type depends on the characteristics of the building itself and the expected performance.

To determine which scheme will work, in each individual case it is required to perform a hydraulic calculation of the system, take into account the characteristics of the heating unit, calculate the pipe diameter, etc. You may need the help of a professional when doing the calculations.

Closed system with gravity circulation

In the EU countries, closed systems are the most popular among other solutions. In the Russian Federation, the scheme has not yet been widely used. The principles of operation of a closed-type water heating system with pumpless circulation are as follows:

When heated, the coolant expands, water is displaced from the heating circuit.
Under pressure, the liquid enters the expansion tank. The design of the container is a cavity divided by a membrane into two parts. One half of the tank is filled with gas (most models use nitrogen). The second part remains empty for filling with coolant.
When the liquid is heated, pressure is created sufficient to push through the membrane and compress the nitrogen. After cooling, the reverse process occurs, and the gas squeezes the water out of the tank.

Otherwise, closed-type systems work like other natural circulation heating schemes. As disadvantages, one can single out the dependence on the volume of the expansion tank. For rooms with a large heated area, you will need to install a capacious container, which is not always advisable.

Open system with gravity circulation

The open type heating system differs from the previous type only in the design of the expansion tank. This scheme was most often used in old buildings. The advantage of an open system is the ability self-manufacturing containers from improvised materials. The tank usually has modest dimensions and is installed on the roof or under the ceiling of the living room.

The main disadvantage of open structures is the ingress of air into pipes and heating radiators, which leads to increased corrosion and rapid failure of heating elements. Airing the system is also a frequent "guest" in open circuits. Therefore, radiators are installed at an angle, Mayevsky cranes are required to bleed air.

Single pipe system with self-circulation

A single-pipe horizontal system with natural circulation has a low thermal efficiency, therefore it is used extremely rarely. The essence of the scheme is that the supply pipe is connected in series to the radiators.

The heated coolant enters the upper branch pipe of the battery and is discharged through the lower outlet. After that, the heat enters the next heating unit and so on until the last point. The return line returns from the last battery to the boiler.

This solution has several advantages:

There is no paired pipeline under the ceiling and above the floor level.
Save money on system installation.

The disadvantages of such a solution are obvious. The heat transfer of heating radiators and the intensity of their heating decreases with distance from the boiler. As practice shows, the single-pipe heating system of a two-story house with natural circulation, even if all slopes are observed and the correct pipe diameter is selected, is often redone (through installation).

Two-pipe system with self-circulation

The two-pipe heating system in a private house with natural circulation has the following design features:

As a result, a two-pipe radiator type system provides the following advantages:

Uniform distribution of heat.
No need to add radiator sections for better warm-up.
Easier to adjust the system.
The diameter of the water circuit is at least one size smaller than in single-pipe schemes.
Lack of strict rules for installing a two-pipe system. Small deviations regarding slopes are allowed.

The main advantage of a two-pipe heating system with lower and upper wiring is the simplicity and at the same time the efficiency of the design, which allows you to level errors made in the calculations or during the installation work.

How to make water heating with natural circulation

All gravitational systems are united by a common drawback - the lack of pressure in the system. Any violations during the installation work, a large number of turns, non-compliance with slopes, instantly affect the performance of the water circuit.

To make competent heating without a pump, the following is taken into account:

Minimum slope angle.
Type and diameter of pipes used for the water circuit.
Features of supply and type of coolant.

What pipe slope is needed for gravity circulation

The design standards for an in-house heating system with gravity circulation are detailed in building codes. The requirements take into account that the movement of fluid inside the water circuit will be hindered by hydraulic resistance, obstacles in the form of corners and turns, etc.

The slope of heating pipes is regulated in SNiP. According to the standards specified in the document, a slope of 10 mm is required for each linear meter. Compliance with this condition guarantees the unhindered movement of fluid in the water circuit.

Violation of the slope when laying pipes leads to airing of the system, insufficient heating of radiators remote from the boiler, and, as a result, a decrease in thermal efficiency.

Pipe slope rates for natural circulation of the coolant are indicated in (formerly SNiP 41-01-2003) "Laying heating pipelines".

What pipes are used for installation

The choice of pipes for the manufacture of the heating circuit is important. Each material has its own thermal characteristics, hydraulic resistance, etc. When performing installation work on your own, the complexity of installation is additionally taken into account.

The most commonly used building materials are:

Steel pipes - the advantages of the material include: affordable cost, resistance to high pressure, thermal conductivity and strength. The disadvantage of steel is complex installation, impossible without the use of welding equipment.
Metal-plastic pipes- have a smooth inner surface that prevents the circuit from clogging, low weight and linear expansion, no corrosion. Popularity metal-plastic pipes somewhat limits the short service life (15 years) and the high cost of the material.
Polypropylene pipes– widely used due to ease of installation, high tightness and strength, long term operation and frost resistance. Polypropylene pipes are mounted using a soldering iron. Service life not less than 25 years.
Copper pipes - not widely used due to the high cost. Copper has the highest heat dissipation. Withstands heating up to + 500°С, service life is over 100 years. The appearance of the pipe deserves special praise. Under the influence of temperature, the copper surface is covered with a patina, which only improves the external characteristics of the material.

What diameter should the pipes be when circulating without a pump

Correct calculation of pipe diameters for water heating with natural circulation is carried out in several stages:

Calculate the need for space in thermal energy. About 20% is added to the result.
SNiP indicates the ratio of thermal power to the internal section of the pipe. We calculate the cross section of the pipeline using the above formulas. In order not to perform complex calculations, it is worth using an online calculator.
The diameter of the pipes of the system with natural circulation must be selected according to thermal engineering calculations. An excessively wide pipeline leads to a decrease in heat transfer and an increase in heating costs. The width of the section is affected by the type of material used. So, steel pipes should not be narrower than 50 mm. in diameter.

There is another rule that helps to increase circulation. After each branching of the pipe, the diameter is narrowed by one size. In practice, this means the following. The boiler is connected to a two-inch pipe. After the first branching, the contour is narrowed to 1 ¾, further to 1 ½, etc. The return line, on the contrary, is assembled with an extension.

If the diameter calculations were performed correctly, and the slopes of the pipelines were observed during the design and installation of a gravity-flow heating system, problems in operation are extremely rare and mainly occur due to improper operation.

Which filling is better to do - bottom or top

The natural circulation of water in the heating system of a one-story house largely depends on the chosen scheme for supplying the coolant directly to the radiators. It is customary to classify all types of connection or filling into two categories:

Errors in the choice of filling type lead to the need to modify the water circuit by installing circulation equipment.

Which coolant is best for systems with self-circulation

The optimal coolant for a heating system with natural fluid movement is water. The fact is that antifreeze has a higher density and lower heat transfer. To heat the glycol compositions to the required state, it takes more time for the fuel to be burned, while the heat transfer remains at the water level.

For the use of antifreeze, two arguments can be cited as an argument:

High fluidity of the material, which improves circulation.
The ability to maintain fluidity when reaching -10°C, -15°C.

Antifreeze is used if it is planned not to heat the room for a long time, or to do it periodically, and it is not possible to constantly drain the liquid from the system.

Which heating is better to choose - natural or forced?

The design features of the system with natural gravitational circulation, ease of installation and the ability to independently perform work, have made such a scheme quite popular with domestic consumers.

But the self-circulating design loses compared to a circuit connected to pumping equipment in the following aspects:

Start of operation - the heating system with natural circulation starts to work at a coolant temperature of about 50 ° C. This is necessary for the water to expand in volume. When connected to a pump, the liquid moves through the water circuit immediately after switching on.
The drop in the power of heating devices with natural circulation of the coolant as far as the distance from the boiler. Even with competent assembled circuit, the temperature difference is about 5°C.
Influence of air - the main reason for the lack of circulation is the airing of part of the water circuit. Air in the heating system can be formed due to non-observance of slopes, the use of an open expansion tank and other reasons. To push through the system, you have to turn on the boiler at maximum power, which leads to significant costs.
Heating a two-story house with natural circulation of the coolant is difficult due to existing obstacles to the movement of fluid.
Regarding the regulation of heating, self-circulating systems are also inferior to circuits connected to pumps. Modern circulation equipment is connected to room thermostats, which ensures the accuracy of heat transfer and heating the temperature in the room with an error of up to 1°C. The installation of temperature controllers is also allowed in self-circulation circuits, but the setting error will be 3-5 ° С.

Choosing a system with natural circulation is justified in the case of heating small one-story buildings. If you need to heat cottages and country houses with an area of more than 150-200 m², installation of circulation equipment is required.

The main advantage of self-circulation schemes is their energy independence, but after making simple calculations, we can conclude that saving on electricity does not justify the loss of heat during the independent movement of the coolant. Forced circulation circuits have greater heat dissipation and efficiency.

Heating of residential premises is one of the main components of comfort and coziness in the house. When planning the installation of heating equipment, many homeowners prefer the Leningradka heating system, which has a number of advantages over other heating schemes. Due to its low cost and ease of installation, it is available for do-it-yourself installation.

The Leningrad heating system is a scheme for apartment-by-apartment piping, in which the coolant is sequentially supplied from one radiator to another. Leningradka is also known as a single-pipe scheme, because the radiator inlet pipe is the outlet for the next battery installed in series.

Main varieties

According to the method of laying the pipeline, the heating scheme is divided into varieties.

vertical

Heating vertical type used for heating multi-storey buildings with serial connection of radiators located on different floors of the building. Such a vertical placement of heating batteries is known as a "riser" and is known to the majority of the country's population by standard projects panel apartment buildings.

Horizontal

Another type of pipelines made according to the Leningradka scheme is the horizontal arrangement of pipes. This type of wiring is suitable for heating a private house, when a pipe connects several radiators in series located in rooms on the same floor.

Combined

The schemes described above can also be used in a combined version of heating a building, when the coolant passes through a horizontal section of series-connected radiators, after which it is fed through a vertical section to the lower floor of the house. This type of wiring is mounted during the construction of a private house, usually a two-story one. In this case, Leningrad allows you to save a significant part of the funds for the purchase of pipeline elements during the installation of the heating system.

Advantages and disadvantages

Heating, made according to the "Leningradka" scheme, has its advantages and disadvantages. Among the advantages, one can single out the low cost of installation and further operation, due to the lower consumption of material compared to other types of pipelines.

The single-pipe system is not without drawbacks, the main of which are: the need to increase the number of sections for batteries installed at the end of the heating circuit, as well as the impossibility of installing underfloor heating in one of the rooms of an apartment or house.

Mounting

Heating of the "Leningradka" type is mounted using special tools and equipment, the composition of which depends on the choice of pipeline material. The source of heat for a private house is a heating boiler, and for an apartment building - a heat exchanger, in which the heat carrier of the internal circuit is heated from the water supplied through the central highway.

First, pipes are inserted, after which the main pipeline is laid, at the beginning of which a booster pump is installed, and at the end an expansion tank is installed.

Scheme of the heating system "Leningradka".

Heating radiators are connected to the pipeline in two ways - by connecting to the lower branch pipes, or to the lower and upper diagonally located. The second method provides faster heating of the room, but involves an increased consumption of material during installation.

Heating is a very expensive life support system for a residential building, requiring significant material costs during installation. Installation without the use of a booster pump in the circuit is more profitable than a forced circulation circuit.

If it is possible to install heating with natural circulation of the coolant, it is considered as the preferred scheme.

Installation without the use of a booster pump in the circuit is more profitable than a forced circulation circuit. If it is possible to install heating with natural circulation of the coolant, it is considered as the preferred scheme.

Features of installing a horizontal system

There are two ways to install horizontal single-pipe systems. The first method involves laying pipelines over the floor surface. This type of installation is easy to do with your own hands, and also involves the quick replacement of components during future repairs. This is an open piping option.

Another type of pipe arrangement involves laying them under the floor. This method is improved appearance, but involves a larger amount of work, which includes, in particular, the laying of thermal insulation. Installation of a closed type of heating due to its complexity is not widely used.

Features of installing a vertical system

The main feature of the installation of heating pipelines vertically is the need to install a booster pump. In some buildings, usually two-story type, pipelines are installed with natural pumping, as a result of gravity.

The most common option is a vertical scheme, in which the coolant enters the roof of the house with the help of a pump, after which it is distributed by gravity among consumers.

The nature of the circulation of the coolant determines the nominal size of the diameter of the pipelines used during installation. The movement of liquid by gravity implies a larger size of the pipeline section than its forced movement.

Self-installation of the system

Before proceeding with the installation of a heating system with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the training materials, including videos, step by step instructions and instructions for the installation and operation of heating equipment.

Taking into account the area of heated premises, climatic conditions, the number of storeys of the building, the possibility of natural or the need for forced circulation of the coolant and other factors, pipes are selected and pipeline accessories, as well as the model of the booster pump.

It is possible to insert other devices into the circuit, for example, radiator thermostatic heads with and without a thermostat, ball valves and balancing valves. This will allow you to replace the radiator without turning off the power to the riser, which is important when repairing old heating systems.

Leningradka, assembled by the owner of a house or apartment on their own, will provide the proper level of warmth and comfort, and will also save a lot.

Hello dear Reader!

I want to tell you about what heating systems I had to deal with.

Some he exploited, some he assembled himself, including heating systems for private houses.

I learned a lot about their pros and cons, although, probably, not everything. As a result, for my house I did:

first, own scheme;
secondly, it is quite reliable;
thirdly, allowing modernization.

I suggest not to delve into a detailed study of various heating schemes.

Let's look at them from the point of view of application in a private house.

After all, a private house can be for permanent residence, and temporary, like a dacha, for example.

So to speak, let's narrow our topic and get closer to practice.

About ten years, maybe I was wrong. I started servicing the first heating system 33 years ago, when I was a student at the Ural Polytechnic Institute. I was lucky to get a job in the institute's boiler room as a mechanic on duty. True, at that time I didn’t even think about what kind of system it was? Worked and everything.

The work was sometimes difficult when there was an accident. And if everything is fine - beauty, sit yourself and learn notes. Night on duty, in the morning to study, "to school", as we then said. Back on duty two nights later. And most importantly, they paid 110 - 120 rubles! At that time, young professionals received the same amount. Yes, plus a scholarship of 40 rubles. Gorgeous life! But, let's get closer to the heat.

From the name itself it is clear that heating occurs with heated air. The air is heated by a heat generator, and then it enters the premises through ducts. The cooled air is returned through the return channels for heating. Pretty comfortable system.

The first heat generator in history was a furnace. She heated the air, which diverged through the channels in the order of natural circulation. Such an air heating system was used in the past centuries in advanced city houses.

Now they use a variety of heat generators-boilers: gas, solid fuel, diesel, electric. In addition to natural circulation, forced circulation is also used. It is, of course, more efficient:

Firstly, it warms up the premises much faster;
Secondly, it has a higher efficiency, since heat is removed from the heat generator much more efficiently;
Thirdly, it can be combined with the air conditioning system.

You probably already understood that here it doesn’t “smell” like a private house. Yes, that's right, for a private house this heating scheme is too cumbersome and expensive. Some calculations are worth something, and if you make a mistake, then it will be, as they say, fatal.

But let's not get upset. If you still want to be heated by air, there is a way out. This is a fireplace.

Moreover, in my opinion, not an ordinary firewood-eater fireplace, but a cast-iron fireplace insert shown in the figure above. This is an ideal option for a homely cozy wood-burning heat generator. It is designed specifically for heating air, and not bricks, like a traditional fireplace.

The air enters the space under the fireplace (where the firewood lies for the entourage), flows around its heated body. Then flows around the red-hot chimney along the fireplace box and out through the holes in the top of the box. By the way, air ducts can be connected to these holes and hot air can be distributed throughout the premises.

Quite a worthy option, only if done with air ducts, then during construction you need to remember to put them in walls and ceilings. Someone also puts inflating, creating forced ventilation. But this, in my opinion, is overkill. By the fireplace, it is nice to hear the crackling of firewood, rather than the noise of a fan.

I think it is worth mentioning more fan heaters and heat guns. These are, so to speak, mobile air heating units. Very useful devices, especially when the main heating system is not working or you need to quickly “warm up” the air in the room. But, in my opinion, they cannot be considered as the main heating option.

So, a fireplace insert, as a source of air heating, is a good, and, moreover, a pleasant solution for a private house.

Water heating at home

In this case, the coolant is water or special liquids, for example, non-freezing. Here, the heat sources are also very different depending on the fuel. But if there is warm air in the air system comes into the room, then into the water air of the room heated by appliances who give him heat stored in water.

And the water stores a lot of heat. There is such a thing: "heat capacity", remember? If in your own words

The heat capacity of water is the amount of heat that must be transferred to water in order for its temperature to rise by one degree.

So this indicator near the water is very good. Look at the table on the right.

It turns out that we get a chic coolant almost for nothing.

Yes, the water system is somewhat more complicated, but it is also more flexible.

Imagine that heated water can be supplied through pipes anywhere and there it will give off the accumulated heat.

And the pipes can be easily hidden in the walls, or you can not hide them at all, modern ones look very aesthetically pleasing.

How does water give off heat? For this, several types of devices have been created:

Radiators - massive, for example cast iron, sections assembled into batteries.

Hot water flows inside them. They give off thermal energy mainly due to infrared radiation(radiation).

They are usually steel or aluminum, less often copper. The surrounding air, being heated by the convector, begins its natural upward movement. That is, a flow (convection) of air is created, which removes heat from the convector.

Modern aluminum appliances also belong to convectors, although they are called radiators. It should be noted that now almost all thermal devices for water heating are called radiators, although strictly speaking, this is wrong. But let's not be smart.

Air is pumped through them to be heated. Commonly used in systems supply ventilation to heat the cold air coming in from outside.

"Warm walls" - were used in the seventies in panel housing construction. A serpentine from steel pipe, into which water was supplied from the heating system. I remember from childhood warm walls panel five-story buildings.

The water system can be successfully used in a private house. If this is a dacha, you can fill in a non-freezing coolant instead of water and not worry about defrosting the system.

Let's take a closer look at the options for heating systems for low-rise buildings.

Scheme of a gravity heating system

Why self-flowing? Because the water in it actually flows by itself. When heated in the boiler, the water rises, and then, gradually cooling in the radiators, flows down and returns to the boiler again. The system is simple but mandatory conditions must be observed:

The pipe should be of a fairly large diameter from 50 mm, and preferably 76 mm or more.
The pipe is laid with a slope to ensure the gravity flow of water.

Sometimes this very pipe heats the room without radiators and convectors due to its large mass and surface. Such pipes are called registers, they can be found at railway stations and bus stations of old small towns. It is now rarely used in private homes - it does not look very aesthetically pleasing. Imagine - there is a thick pipe in the room, and even an inclined one.

A very big advantage of this system is that it does not need a circulation pump, the water circulates itself. If the boiler is wood, coal or gas - no power outages are terrible, complete autonomy and independence. I'm talking about this because I myself have trouble with power outages.

A feature of a gravity-flow system, which is considered a disadvantage, is that it is open, that is, it communicates with air and there is no pressure in it. This means that an open expansion tank is needed and the water gradually evaporates, you need to monitor this. Of course, this is not a very serious drawback. I'm more repulsed by high sloping pipes.

For a private house, a closed heating system, in my opinion, is the best option. It's better to say closed. Closed means not in contact with air. Here are the new elements:

Membrane expansion tank to compensate for the expansion of water when heated;
Circulation pump for pumping water through the system;
Safety group - make-up valve (for adding water to the system in case of leakage), pressure gauge, safety valve (for releasing steam when water boils).

This is a more modern, aesthetic option. Radiators are used here, and more often aluminum convectors, thin metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes. There is no need to add water, think about the slope of the pipes, they can generally be hidden in walls or ceilings.

You can put beautiful aluminum or bimetallic radiators, a heated towel rail. I use two boilers in one system - an electric boiler and a water circuit for a fireplace insert. Like it worked out well.

The minus of the system is that it cannot work without electricity for the circulation pump. Moreover, if the firebox is “under steam” and the electricity is over, it can turn out to be a “boomsik” with the release of steam and a lot of noise. I know for myself. It looks like the pipes are being pounded with a hammer.

Therefore, the pump was connected to an uninterruptible source (like a computer) so that there was time to safely cool the firebox. And the outlet of the safety valve is in the sewer.

Two-pipe heating system

There are two options for connecting radiators to the heating system:

The only plus of a single-pipe system is savings on pipes. But the minus is significant - the radiator closest to the boiler is the hottest, and the farthest is the coldest. And it’s also problematic to turn off some kind of radiator - they are all in the same circuit. If this is not critical, why not use this option? It's a perfectly normal pattern.

The two-pipe scheme is more flexible:

All radiators are almost equal. Water is supplied to each at the same temperature;
You can set your own temperature on each radiator by regulating the flow of water through it;
You can painlessly shut off the water supply to any radiator, for example, when it's hot or you need to flush the radiator;
More convenient for increasing the number of radiators.

Thus, in my opinion, a two-pipe scheme is more preferable.

For the sake of justice, it must be said that in the two-pipe version, the last radiator is somewhat “offended”, it gets less heat. The reason is that on it the pressure difference between supply and return is almost zero and the water flow is minimal.

So what choice did I make?

I installed an air-to-water heating system in my house. The fireplace is responsible for the air. The closed two-pipe water circuit includes an electric boiler, a fireplace insert water circuit and 40 aluminum radiator sections (6 radiators). 64 square meters the first floor in any frost are heated in excess.

That's all for today. In the following articles I will bring to your attention the system gas heating, underfloor heating, infrared heating. Comment, ask questions. Thanks, see you!

A gas boiler without electricity is a traditional model of a floor appliance that does not require additional energy sources to operate. It is advisable to install devices of this type if there are regular power outages. For example, this is true in rural areas or summer cottages. Manufacturing companies produce modern models of double-circuit boilers.

They have reduced gas consumption, as well as the ability to adjust heating.

Many popular manufacturers produce different models non-volatile gas boilers, and they are quite efficient and of high quality. Recently, wall-mounted models of such devices have appeared. The design of the heating system must be such that the coolant circulates according to the principle of convection.

This means that the heated water rises and enters the system through the pipe. In order for the circulation not to stop, it is necessary to place the pipes at an angle, and they must also be large in diameter. And, of course, it is very important that the gas boiler itself is located at the lowest point of the heating system.

It is possible to separately connect a pump to such heating equipment, which is powered by the mains. By connecting it to the heating system, it will pump the coolant, thereby improving the operation of the boiler. And if you turn off the pump, then the coolant will again begin to circulate by gravity.

Boiler design without electricity

A gas boiler independent of electricity in its configuration has:

2 gas burners - ignition and main;
The combustion chamber - in such devices it is open for better traction;
Automation;
Boiler security system - temperature sensor, reverse draft valve (it is needed to regulate the operation of the chimney);
Heat exchanger.

The non-volatile gas boiler system must have an open expansion tank, since when the coolant heats up, the liquid expands. And this is what contributes to the circulation of the coolant. But when expanding, surpluses are formed that enter this tank.

Ignition in such gas boilers occurs with the help of a piezoelectric element, which acts when a button is pressed. With its help, the pilot burner is ignited, and the main gas burner is ignited from it, thanks to which the heat exchanger heats up and the desired liquid temperature is maintained.

After a while, the gas does not flow and the burner goes out, after the heat exchanger has cooled down, everything repeats.

Advantages and disadvantages of independent boilers

The main advantage of this gas boiler is the lack of connection to the mains. Since this is an additional savings and it is not required to bring the outlet.

It should be noted that these devices are easy to use. As well as system security. This type of boiler is the simplest. And it is suitable for heating both small houses and large rooms.

Noiselessness during operation of a two-circuit device independent of electricity is ensured by the absence of pumps. Such devices are reliable and durable. This can be explained by the fact that such boilers have been produced for a long time and their work has been tested in practice for more than one year. An independent boiler produces high efficiency. A double-circuit boiler easily provides the desired temperature in the house, as well as hot water.

In such devices, the heat exchanger lasts much longer than in other models of gas boilers.

We note the disadvantages of such a boiler:

A gas boiler independent of electricity should only be installed in a house with good draft in the chimney. This is absolutely necessary for the safe and high-quality operation of the device. If the draft is insufficient, then the fire will constantly go out, due to the triggered reverse draft valve.

In the presence of an independent gas boiler, the heating system does not always work as we would like. For example, if you install pipes of the wrong diameter or do not calculate their desired location. All of these factors are very important. It is better to design a heating system for a specific gas boiler, then there is a guarantee that no failures will occur.

Boiler operation

Since there is no access to electricity, there is a thermogenerator in the double-circuit boiler, which stops the gas supply to the burner. This happens when the coolant acts on the regulator. Automation resumes the gas supply to the boiler when the coolant cools down to a certain temperature.

Ignition occurs with the help of a piezoelectric element, which sets fire to the pilot burner (it burns constantly) and, if necessary, the main heat source is ignited from it. It also contributes to the heating of the liquid in the heating system.

Types of independent gas boilers

There are such types of boilers operating without electricity:

single-loop- apply only to the heating system;
double-circuit- these are devices that, in addition to heating, also provide hot water for business needs.

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Dual circuit gas boilers in turn, they provide hot water in 2 ways: flow and storage.

Selecting an independent boiler model

Gas boilers operating without electricity must fully correspond to the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room. That is, the power must correspond to the load.

Double-circuit models of foreign manufacturing companies are often more expensive than domestic ones, as they are more advanced and have an attractive design. The manufacturer of the gas boiler must be chosen carefully, it is important to make sure that the service center of this company is in the city or nearby. Since, if necessary, it will be possible to find spare parts for repairing the device there.

The most popular manufacturers of such equipment are Alphatherm, Beretta - Italy, Attack - Slovakia, Protherm - Czech Republic, Electrolux - Sweden.

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Domestic models of independent boilers are cheaper than foreign ones, but are considered less reliable. But it should be given credit that such devices are already adapted to our weather conditions and the parameters under which they must work.

A gas boiler without electricity can be selected with a steel or cast iron heat exchanger. The most popular are cast iron devices. This is explained by the service life: cast iron will last 30 years, and steel 15-20 years.

Cast iron is not only stronger, but also by design it is provided that the walls of such a heat exchanger are thicker. This prevents the walls of the heat exchanger from burning through. Such a device has been tested in practice.

Also, the heat exchanger can be corroded. A cast iron appliance is much less susceptible to such damage, unlike steel. Corrosion on the heat exchanger appears if the temperature drops to the point where condensate appears. And this very moisture leads to corrosive processes.

Also, the cast-iron heat exchanger in its design consists of sections. If necessary, you can change the section, and not the entire device. Now, impurities are added to the cast iron alloy, which make it even stronger. So, it will not crack during improper transportation.

Rules for installing a gas boiler

It is better to install a gas boiler independent of electricity in separate rooms with a good ventilation system, as well as to ensure air flow there. Since, due to the open combustion chamber, air is constantly “eaten up” by the boiler. The products of combustion are removed through the chimney.

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When installing a wall-mounted independent gas boiler, a coaxial chimney is installed, the design of which is called a “pipe in a pipe”. A coaxial chimney is not suitable for all devices and a specialist recommendation is needed.

If necessary, you can install a circulation pump. Mount it through the bypass. It is recommended to put cranes near it: 1 at the inlet and 1 at the outlet. Separately, a tap is placed on the main line, which must be closed when the pump is running. With such taps, if necessary, it is possible to repair the pump without draining the water from the system. And before the pump it is recommended to install a filter.

There are certain conditions that must be met:

in the boiler room must be positive temperature;
fire safety. The walls in the boiler room must be equipped with non-flammable material. As a rule, asbestos or metal sheets are used.
The first start-up of the boiler after installation must be supervised by a specialist.

The specialist must also check the correct installation of the chimney. It is necessary that it correspond to the power of a gas boiler without electricity and the standards established by the competent organizations. It is better to have a separate pipe for each heater. According to the standard, the chimney must be straight, if it is not possible to make it so, then there should not be more than 3 turns.

The length of the chimney should be about 5 meters. It is necessary to select and install a heating unit in accordance with the pressure in the gas pipeline, usually it is 1.270 MPa. The documentation that is attached to the device (passport) always indicates the permissible limits of this indicator. Sometimes gas pressure indicators decrease in winter. Knowing this feature of the region, you need to accordingly make a choice of a device without access to electricity.