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How long will a cinder block house last? Projects of country houses from cinder blocks. The technology of building a house from cinder block

Cinder block is a masonry wall stone made by vibrocompression or natural shrinkage in the form of a solution based on cement, sand and by-products of metallurgy. The conclusions of experts and the reviews of the owners of buildings are ambiguous, this is largely due to the method of production (handicraft or factory), its appearance and properties. The generally accepted opinion is that self-produced material is great for the construction of garages, sheds and other low-rise buildings, but only certified products are required for residential buildings, in the latter case construction cannot be called budgetary.

Description of the material, types of raw materials used for production

Specifications for manufacturing, shape, dimensions and are regulated by GOST 6133-99. According to this standard, wall stones are represented by full-bodied and slotted rectangular products with flat, grooved or comb ends. When preparing a mixture for their formation, only cement is used as a binder, in the form of coarse and fine filler - sand and screenings and crushing products of slag, crushed stone, gravel, broken brick, hardened cement mortar, glass or concrete, expanded clay, volcanic ash, ash, sawdust, etc. The size of fractions is limited to 10 mm for large-slotted, 20 - for full-bodied. The final cost is low, availability is considered the main advantage of the product.

Initially, only by-products of metallurgy were used for the manufacture of cinder blocks, but at present this term is applicable to all concrete wall stones obtained using vibrocompression. The average density for slotted species is limited to 1650 kg / m2 (in private construction, products are selected in the range of 450-1650), for full-bodied species - no higher than 2200. The weight depends on the voidness and porosity of the sludge, cinder block standard size 390 × 190 × 188 with a 40% slot share weighs 10 kg, solid - 28.

Main properties and characteristics

The performance of the blocks depends on the type and filler, solid ones are considered the most durable (from 35 to 125 kg / cm2) and are suitable for laying load-bearing structures of low-rise buildings. The material is non-combustible, does not shrink, is resistant to fungus (but only if it has good waterproofing). The thermal conductivity coefficient varies from 0.27 to 0.65 W / m ° C, the more porous and looser the filler, the higher the thermal insulation properties and the lower the strength. Negative manifestations are associated with hygroscopicity - the high water absorption of cinder blocks is considered their unambiguous minus, they need mandatory protection from external moisture.

Another drawback is associated with the high radiation background of raw materials or the release of their hazardous substances; only certified material is suitable for the construction of residential buildings. Harm to health has not been proven, but according to reviews, allergy sufferers and people with respiratory diseases feel bad in such houses. The problem is solved by buying a cinder block from responsible manufacturers and reliable interior decoration (in the case - complete closure of the walls with simultaneous insulation). In self-manufacturing, it is recommended to use aged slag (at least 2 years) and conduct an examination for radioactivity.

Pros and cons of blocks, comparison with expanded clay concrete products

The clear benefits include:

Affordable cost, especially for hollow ones.
The possibility of laying cinder blocks with your own hands and their manufacture at home. A definite plus in this case is the low cost of the filler.
Sufficiently high ability to absorb noise in solid species.
Fire resistance.

The downsides are:

Hygroscopicity.
The need for mandatory finishing, including due to the external unattractiveness of the blocks (with the exception of decorative ones).
Problems in laying communications, at least in full-bodied products based on metallurgical slags.
Low geometric accuracy, deviations from dimensions are regulated by GOST, but even for responsible manufacturers they can reach 1 cm, and even more for homemade products. This leads to an increase in the thickness of the masonry mortar, their installation on a special glue is impossible, the formation of cold bridges is inevitable. As a result, a cinder block house needs external insulation. An increase in the thickness of the walls does not solve the problem and only leads to tougher requirements for the foundation.
The need for verification of environmental performance.

It is easy to see that most of the disadvantages of the cinder block are eliminated when using a safer filler. Its separate and improved variety is considered to be products made of expanded clay concrete, with a share of baked clay up to 35%. The manufacturing process of factory expanded clay blocks is distinguished by the last stage - heat treatment, which increases their resistance to moisture and other external influences. A comparison of the main pros and cons is given below (relevant only for certified products):

	cinder block	Expanded clay concrete block
Strength, kg/cm3	25-125	5-500
Weight	With equal dimensions and voidness, the expanded clay block is 25-30% lighter
Average number of freeze cycles	20	50
Water absorption, %	75	50
Shrinkage, %	missing
Thermal conductivity, W/m °С	0,27-0,65	0,14-0,66
Environmental friendliness	Conditional, possible release of harmful substances and deviation of the radiation background from the norm	Does not release toxins

Feedback from experts and home owners

“I built a garage from factory hollow cinder blocks, I did all the work myself. The advantages include the simplicity of masonry, special skills are not required for this. I didn’t find any cons, but I don’t recommend dropping or hitting metal blocks hard. In total, with dimensions of 6 × 4 and a height of 3 m, it took 600 pieces, including delivery and unloading, the products cost me 22,000 rubles. The garage has not served for long yet - 1 year, but I do not observe cracks or shrinkage.

Alexander, Moscow.

“For all the advantages of the cinder block, I do not advise using it for the construction of a residential building with a permanent residence, the characteristics of its radiation background may exceed the norm, this material is conditionally environmentally friendly. For outbuildings and rarely visited objects, its value is not so relevant, there are no restrictions on its use. Regardless of the purpose of the building, the blocks need to be protected from external moisture, exceptions are made only for decorative varieties.

Roman, Yekaterinburg.

“I built a bathhouse from factory-quality cinder blocks on my own, the costs were high, but in my opinion justified. Used for marking and masonry finished project, I advise you to immediately take into account all possible communications, including internal walls, I personally forgot to leave a hole for the pipes, then I spent a lot of effort drilling. Insulation of the floor and walls and good waterproofing of the bottom are required; from the outside, it is enough to close everything from moisture. I initially protected the facade of the bathhouse with cheap siding, after 3 years I overlaid it facing brick I didn't notice much of a difference in heat retention.

Igor, Moscow.

“I bought an old cast house with a good, well-established rubble foundation, I decided to replace the walls with cinder blocks. Due to the lack of free time, I entrusted the purchase of material and masonry to professionals, all the work on the construction and insulation of the facade took a little more than 4 months, I didn’t notice any minuses, I consider the cost acceptable. Interior decoration I did it myself, after reading the reviews, I treated the walls with concrete contact, as a result, the plaster lay down without problems.

Sergei, Voronezh.

“For those who decide to build a bath from a cinder block, I advise you to pay special attention to waterproofing floors and internal insulation. wooden flooring it definitely won’t work here, only a concrete screed, preferably on top of the filled expanded clay or foam glass. The foundation requires a stable, ideal option - reinforced tape. Subject to all the rules, the bath will keep heat well and last a long time, if violated, it will collapse from dampness, starting from the bottom.

Leonid, Rostov-on-Don.

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If you are faced with the task of quickly and inexpensively building your own housing, pay attention to cinder blocks. This inexpensive construction material enjoys well-deserved popularity among private developers. His specifications allow you to create comfortable and reliable housing .. The pros and cons of such construction, the types of blocks and their purpose, the algorithm of work - in our article.

Cinder-concrete houses - an example of cheap and fast construction

Cinder block is a building stone prepared by pressing from cement and filler. Mass production of cinder blocks is developed in regions with metallurgical production. It is there that waste from blast furnaces is actively used in the manufacture of building materials. The first part of the name, slag, may have a non-literal meaning. It is understood as crushed stone, crushed glass or, expanded clay, shavings and sawdust, ash, ashes, sand.

What is better to choose for construction: brick or cinder block

A cinder-block house has its pros and cons, but, oddly enough, it wins compared to a brick house. The cinder block has a porous structure and retains heat much better than brick. Brick also has excellent thermal insulation qualities, but in order to heat cold house from this material, it will take a very long time.

A cinder block wall weighs less than a brick one, which means that there is no need for a reinforced foundation. For construction brick walls more time will be required and the cost of the work will be much higher. Again, the cost of a cinder block is lower than the cost of a brick.

Article

The construction of cinder blocks is quite popular, especially with regard to the construction of industrial buildings. But in Lately such building material is widely used for the construction of residential buildings.

Useful information about cinder blocks

Cinder block by the nature of manufacture is considered artificial stone, since its production involves extrusion or natural shrinkage in special forms.

The material that is the main one is not completely burnt slag and concrete. In addition, any other bulk materials, for example, expanded clay, sand, gravel, pebbles, as well as brick waste. But there are also various fillers that are added to strengthen the building material. The presence of such components directly affects the strength of the cinder block, and, accordingly, the durability of the building being erected.

Advantages and disadvantages of cinder blocks

The pros and cons of a cinder block house must be clarified immediately before construction, so that it is possible to take into account all the nuances.

The main advantages of cinder block construction include:

Fire resistance. The presented blocks consist of non-combustible materials, which allows them to withstand open fire. In addition, if a fire occurs, this structure is subject to quick repair.
High resistance to various natural disasters. For example, in regions where there is a high probability of earthquakes or tornadoes, such material will fit perfectly. And if you strengthen the cinder blocks by laying steel rods between them and add cement, stone and sand to the solution, then such a structure will withstand very large seismological loads.
Reliable protection against all kinds of living creatures: mice, ants.
A weighty argument is the low price of such a building material.
Due to their lightness, houses made of cinder blocks do not require additional strengthening of the base.
The durability of the structure, since the guarantee is about 100 years.
In addition, they can be built independently, which will save a considerable amount of money.

As for the issue of shortcomings, they include such aspects as:

There is an opinion that the presented material is toxic. The thing is that many manufacturers add toxic additives for strength, in particular, this applies to fillers, which ensure the water resistance of cinder blocks.
There is a high probability of the appearance of fungal mold on the walls of the house, so it is imperative to waterproof the outer walls.
The walls of the cinder block house have a high heat conductivity, which contributes to the rapid cooling inside the house. In this case, indispensable wall insulation will be required.
Inconvenient and rather difficult laying of pipes and other communications in a cinder block house due to the fact that they have a high stacking density.
One of the drawbacks is the very unsightly appearance of such a building material.

Today there is big choice cinder blocks, they are represented by various colors, as well as the structure itself, which looks quite attractive from the outside.

How to build a house from cinder block yourself?

This building material has gained its popularity due to the ease of construction, which allows you to build a house yourself. But for this you need to know how to build a house yourself, what you need to consider, and which type of cinder blocks to use for this.

First of all, it is necessary to decide on the project, as well as to study all the pros and cons of this material. Further, it is worth designating for yourself whether the cinder block will be bought or made on its own.

But everything is simple here, projects of cinder block houses can be directly viewed on the Internet or you can use the services of a design bureau, where you can visually study the finished structures. You can also take advantage of qualified expert advice.

As for the advantages and disadvantages of such buildings, such information can also be viewed on the website of construction companies. As for buying or self-manufacturing cinder blocks, then such a decision can be made after studying the characteristics of this material.

How to calculate the number of cinder blocks for building a house?

In the case of a decision to build a house from cinder blocks, very important point is the count of the amount of such material. To find out how much material you need, you need to indicate for yourself what dimensions the house will be, and only then directly calculate how many cinder blocks you need per house.

When calculating the required number of cinder blocks, you need to pay attention to the following factors:

the presence of a house project;
wall thickness and length;
location doorways, as well as the presence of windows;
the height of the building itself, it is recommended that during the construction an integer number of rows of masonry be obtained.

For example, a cinder block has dimensions of 390x190x190, then the house should have a height of 2.8 or 3 meters, given that 1 centimeter goes directly to the solution.

When building a house from a 10x10 cinder block, it is necessary to calculate the following indicators:

First of all, the base masonry is 0.39 m with a height of 3 meters, and in the presence of 12 square meters. m allotted for door and window openings.
Further, the area and the volume of the walls are calculated, it will be (10 + 10) x2 x3 = 120 sq.m.
Then you will need to take away the openings reserved for windows and doors, 120-12 = 108 sq.m.
That is, when calculating, it turns out that 108x0.39 \u003d 42.12 sq.m.
Since the volume of one cinder block is 0.014 cubed, the quantity is calculated as follows: 42.12 / 0.014 = 3008 pieces.
But it is recommended to take building material with a small margin, in case of damage that may occur during the construction process.

If we take into account all the pros and cons of building a residential building using cinder blocks, then we can say with confidence that it is very profitable, except for the costs of its subsequent insulation. Since it is simply necessary to insulate such a building if direct living in it is provided.

To do this, you will need to make an exterior finish that will not only insulate the building, but will also prevent moisture from entering, which, in turn, will prevent the likelihood of mold on the walls.

In addition, in order to make the right decision on the Internet, you can see photos of a cinder block house, as well as directly familiarize yourself with various projects.

Photo of cinder block houses

Currently, there is a huge variety of building materials. All of them have their advantages and disadvantages. And for many people who want to build their own home, the question arises of what is better to build a house from? Relatively recently, such material as cinder block appeared on the building materials market.

Unfortunately, there are no ideal materials for building a house. There are many factors that influence which material to choose. It must be understood that, no matter what material is chosen, proper insulation home will help save on heating costs in the future.

cinder block houses

Cinder block houses, like other building materials, have their pros and cons. The biggest plus is its cheapness and availability of material. But the cons are very significant.

It is better to build a cinder block house with your own hands, it will turn out cheaper. In addition, this material itself is one of the cheapest building materials. Moreover, cinder blocks can be made independently. And you will only have to spend money on cement, all other components can be found for free or very inexpensively.

For self-production of high-quality cinder blocks, it is better to get a vibrating machine

The composition includes the following materials:

cement;
sand;
water;
slags, in the role of which almost any construction and industrial waste can act: broken bricks, screenings of crushed stone, broken glass, metallurgical waste, metal shavings, etc.

If we talk about a cinder block house for permanent residence, then the reviews of the owners of such houses are completely different. However, this material has quite more minuses than pluses, and they are very significant.

Because the composition of the cinder block includes many wastes from various industries, then it can be assumed that this material is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is mainly used in the construction of low-rise non-residential buildings, outbuildings and various outbuildings. For example, for building a garage, such material is simply ideal.

But everyone comes from their preferences. For whom the cons are not significant, he can safely build a house from cinder blocks.

If you buy cinder blocks manufactured by production, the manufacturer must indicate the characteristics of the material. But most of the blocks are handmade on a small vibrating machine, which is served by one or more people. Naturally, it is practically impossible to predict the characteristics of a material obtained in this way, because different manufacturers use different components and a different production method.

In addition, if components are used that break down over time, then the material will not last long. AND it is impossible to say how durable this or that cinder block will be.

Since the block is not an environmentally friendly material and cinder block walls can emit harmful substances. Because harmful substances can negatively affect the organs of the respiratory system and the body as a whole.

cinder blocks industrial production devoid of the above disadvantages and have parameters guaranteed by the manufacturer

There are several types of blocks:

corpulent;
hollow;
semi-blocks;
decorative blocks.

For the construction of walls, hollow cinder blocks are usually used so that the load on the foundation is less. BUT a solid block can weigh 22-28 kg, therefore, such a cinder block is used in the construction of the foundation, basement floors, columns, load-bearing structures.

This leads to another significant drawback - big weight block. Even hollow blocks weigh 18-22 kg, which is a lot during construction, compared with cellular concrete. Firstly, there will be a large load on the foundation, so the foundation must be made very massive and, therefore, expensive. Secondly, it is very difficult to work with the material, because when building a high wall it will be difficult to lift it up.

The final advantages and disadvantages of cinder block houses.

Pros:

cheapness and availability;
laying can be done by hand;
can be made independently;
high build speed. Since the block is large, the construction speed of the building increases several times, compared, for example, with ordinary bricks;
a house made of such material is not subject to combustion;
good block geometry.

Minuses:

the large weight of the blocks, which can exert an increased load on the foundation;
expensive foundation;
walls can radioactively “radiate”;
cinder block house is not environmentally friendly;
low frost resistance - F15-35;
unattractive appearance. Therefore, cladding is required various materials what will affect the budget;
any, even the slightest mobility of the foundation can affect the structure as a whole, which will lead to cracking of the material;
plaster can eventually fall off cinder block walls.

The outer sides of the walls of cinder blocks are subject to mandatory thermal insulation and moisture protection.

The cons are quite serious, so you should think several times before starting to build a house from blocks. It is also necessary to understand what the house will be used for - for permanent or temporary residence.

Foundation for a cinder block house

When choosing the type of foundation for a cinder block house, you need pay attention to the following factors:

soil type;
depth of soil freezing;
number of storeys of the building;
type and purpose of the building;
ground water level.

Since a cinder block house is afraid of moisture, the foundation must be high to prevent moisture from affecting the house. The foundation should rise above the ground by about 0.7 meters. In addition, it must be well insulated.

If the future house will have one floor, then there is no need to build a foundation that is too powerful, because the pressure on it will not be very strong.

Usually the foundation for a cinder block house is done as follows:

a trench is dug, 50 cm deep;
a sand and gravel pillow is poured into the trench;
formwork is arranged, which will rise above the ground by 0.7 meters;
the reinforcement cage is mounted according to the calculation;
formwork is poured with concrete mortar.

Cinder blocks are stacked on a frozen cement mortar foundation, which was previously insulated.

Price category

As for the financial side of the issue, a cinder block house will cost a fairly low price compared to other materials.

Price for 1 piece of cinder block:

Homemade cinder blocks will cost even less, but their quality and performance characteristics will be unpredictable

Before building a house from cinder blocks, it is necessary to draw up appropriate house designs. This procedure is half the battle.

In order to save even more on building a house, cinder blocks can be produced by yourself. In this case, the costs will go only to the purchase of cement, the rest of the materials can be obtained for free. If you get a special vibrating machine, then you can make cinder blocks even faster.

When facing a cinder block house with a brick, it is necessary to leave a small air gap between the brick and the cinder block in order to avoid moisture getting on the cinder block. Otherwise, the moisture that evaporates from the wall will be reflected from the brick and again go into the cinder block. And this one the material does not tolerate moisture and collapses under its influence.

Before buying a cinder block, it is imperative to measure the level of radioactivity of the material. Otherwise, harmful substances will be released from the walls and adversely affect health.

Conclusion

Building a house from cinder blocks is considered profitable, but at the same time, we must not forget that this material is not environmentally friendly, moreover, it has many disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing a material for building a house, you need to proceed from your own needs.

The pros and cons of a cinder block house based on the owner's feedback are presented in the video:

How to build a house from cinder blocks?

To build a house from cinder blocks, it is not necessary to turn to professional builders, you can study the cinder block construction technique and do everything yourself. First, develop a project, calculate how much material you need, and you can get to work.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before you start creating a project and building a house, you need to learn about the pros and cons of cinder block buildings.

Advantages of cinder block houses:

Saving money. This material is much cheaper than brick and wood, especially if you produce it yourself.
A cinder block house does not require a massive foundation.
The material does not impose special requirements for storage and transportation.
The construction is reliable and does not differ in quality from houses built from other materials.

But there is also two major drawbacks:

The material is afraid of water, so you can build a house only in dry weather, and then plaster the walls well.
To ensure the required level of sound and heat insulation, it is necessary to choose materials responsibly. If this stage of construction is not performed correctly, moisture will penetrate into the cinder block.

The foundation for the house of cinder blocks

The main requirements for the foundation: it should be high to protect the house from moisture, which the cinder block is so afraid of, and well insulated. If the house is one-story and without reinforced concrete floors, then the foundation does not have to be made superstrong.

For building a foundation for a cinder block house you will need: crushed stone, cement, gravel, rebar, sand, concrete mixer, cinder blocks, opata, level, hydro and vapor barrier material.

This process is carried out in several stages:

Dig a trench and make a bed of sand and gravel about 50 cm high.
Install the formwork and make a reinforced frame.
Prepare a concrete solution: mix 3 parts of sand and gravel and 1 part of cement. Fill them with the prepared structure.

The construction of the plinth, if provided, can be started after 7 days, and the construction of walls can only be done after complete drying (approximately 1 month).

Walling

First, the corners are set so that the walls are perfectly even. One cinder block is placed in each corner, then it is leveled with a building level. Pull the twine along which you will lay out the walls. Prepare before starting work:

a mallet to knock out cinder blocks;
a trowel for removing excess mortar at the seams;
plasticizer (this material is added to the solution to increase its strength and ductility);
circular saw or hacksaw for sawing cinder blocks;
orders, plumb lines and spatulas.

The cinder block is laid in one of the traditional ways:

tychkovy (in one stone);
spoon (in half a stone);
one and a half stones;
two stones.

Important to remember that the laying of cinder blocks can only be done at temperatures above 15 degrees. After preparatory work build the first row of blocks. The height of the seam should not be more than 1.5 cm, otherwise this will lead to a deterioration in thermal insulation properties. Do not fill voids in cinder blocks with cement!

When erecting the first three rows, check the wall as often as possible with a level, it must be strictly vertical. Cinder blocks are stacked with an offset of ½ block.

To avoid cracks and make the structure stronger, builders advise using reinforcement. To do this, you need fittings and electric cutters or wall chasers. With the help of electromills, recesses are made in cinder blocks, reinforcement is inserted into them and cement mortar is poured. This procedure is repeated in every fourth row.

Video of building a house from cinder blocks, masonry.

When the walls are erected, you can start building the roof. This process cannot be postponed for a long time, so as not to expose the cinder blocks to the detrimental effects of precipitation. The same applies to external and internal finishing works.

How to insulate a house?

In order to be comfortable in the house in cold weather, you need take care of building insulation And. Experts say that it is better to insulate the building from the outside, as this guarantees 70% of the effect, sometimes internal insulation is not even required.

Front internal insulation a vapor barrier layer is mounted on the walls and ceiling of the building, after which mineral wool or polystyrene foam can be used. Vapor barrier is not required for exterior walls.

If you want to save on insulation, then use foam. This is the cheapest material, in the future it is plastered and painted. You can also buy polystyrene foam, which has a low level of water absorption, so you do not need to install a vapor barrier layer.

Wall insulation with foam plastic and decorative work is carried out in 5 stages:

The walls are plastered.
The foam is attached.
Reinforced mesh is being installed.
Work is underway to level and finish the walls.
The building is being painted.

For painting, it is better to choose acrylic or silicone plaster. And if you are not limited in finances, then for insulation it is better to purchase polyurethane foam - modern material, which is applied to the walls by pouring or spraying. The result is a coating without seams, it does not allow cold air and moisture to pass through.

How to calculate the number of cinder blocks per house?

If you are building a house from cinder blocks, then you first need to calculate the amount of material. Those who produce the building material themselves can make the missing amount at any time, it is only important to remember that the blocks will take time to become strong.

To calculate the number of cinder blocks, you need to know the thickness of the wall. It may differ depending on the climatic conditions of the region where the house is being built. In the middle lane, a thickness of 20-40 cm is enough, and in order for the house to keep warm in harsh winters, the size must be at least 60 cm.

When calculating remember basic construction terms: half a stone (20 cm), a stone (40 cm), one and a half stones (60 cm), two stones (80 cm).

We will carry out calculations according to the most common parameters that are used in the construction of a house from cinder blocks. For example, you need to build a building 9x7, the height of the walls is 3 meters. The area of one cinder block is 0.08 m (0.4x0.2).

The first thing to do is to calculate the number of blocks per 1 meter of wall. For this, 1 / 0.08 sq.m., it turns out 12.5 pieces. The wall will be built from two rows, so 12.5x2 = 25 cinder blocks. Now let's calculate the area of the house: (9+9+7+7)x3=96 sq.m. 9 and 7 are the length of the walls, and 3 is the height. For each square meter 25 cinder blocks are needed, which means that for the construction of the whole house: 25x96 \u003d 2400 pieces.

Openings are not taken into account in the calculations, but this is not necessary. Cinder block is a fragile material, so you need to take it with a margin.

The price of building a house

How much does it cost to build a cinder block house? You can build a house from cinder blocks with your own hands, but do not forget about the development of the project. You can do it yourself or leave it to the professionals. The main thing is to take into account the climatic conditions and features of the soil, the stability of the building.

The average cost of one cinder block is 35 rubles. For a 9x7 house, you will need 2400 pieces, that is, this material will cost 84 thousand rubles. But this is only the erection of walls, also do not forget about the construction of the foundation, the construction of the roof, sound and heat insulation, and finishing work.

Is it worth building?

Many of them are satisfied with the construction process, because the house can be built during the holidays. Save on the material itself and the mortar, which takes half as much as on brickwork. Houses made of this material look original, warm in winter and cool in summer.

cinder block houses- These are reliable and durable structures. For their construction, it will not take much time and financial expenses, especially if you produce cinder blocks yourself. But in order for the building to serve for a long time, and to live comfortably in it, you need to choose the right materials for insulation and decoration.