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What wall material to choose. What material can be used to build the cheapest house. Wood as a building material

In our country, in recent decades, individual construction has been actively developing. In addition to building warm and durable houses from classic tree and bricks, new materials and technologies are increasingly used, primarily borrowed from abroad.

New materials for building a house are being developed in order to simplify and speed up installation, to increase the heat-saving characteristics of external walls. But in itself, the low cost of the material for the construction of the building box and its good specifications do not guarantee that the final costs will be small, and the house will turn out to be warm and cozy.

To choose cheap materials for construction, take into account the following factors:

Climate and location of the building plot. This factor affects the choice of wall thickness, the need for additional insulation.
Soil type. Influences the choice of the foundation base, the technology of waterproofing the underground part.

Thus, it is important not only to compare the cost of materials for building structures, but also to determine which is the most cheap option suitable for specific operating conditions.

Final cost of work

It is the final cost of the work that should be taken into account when evaluating the characteristics and cost of materials for building the walls of the house and looking for the most budget option.

The total construction costs are made up of a number of components:

Architecture - the simpler, the cheaper.
Engineering solutions - selection of the optimal version of each design.
Internal layout is a rational approach to the use of space in order to get the maximum usable area.
Insulation - the need and costs depend on the thermal conductivity of the walls.
Finishing external, internal - the need depends on the characteristics wall material, when choosing finishing materials, you can save.
Building materials - it is on their choice that developers try to save as much as possible.
Foundation - the cost is up to 40% of the total investment in construction, the parameters of the foundation base depend on the choice of materials for mounting the building box and the roofing system.

If you want to reduce construction costs, keep in mind that choosing a cheap material for building walls can result in the need to spend extra money and time on their insulation and decoration. When building a house above one floor, strength characteristics also require special attention.

The cheapest building materials

The construction of a classic brick house will not be cheap - and the piece material for laying walls is expensive, and a solid foundation is required. Plus, the installation itself will take a lot of time and will require the involvement of professional masons if there is a desire for the house to be durable, warm and stand for at least 100 years.

Today, new materials and technologies are being used, thanks to which the construction of a private house will require a minimum of time. These include the erection of in-situ concrete walls using fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene. Steel reinforcement is installed inside the polystyrene foam blocks with a tongue-and-groove connection.

The foamed material performs the function of a heater, the cavity between the walls is filled with concrete, due to which a monolithic frame of the building is formed. By themselves, the materials that are used for construction (concrete, polystyrene foam, rebar) are affordable, but the rise in price is due to:

rather high cost of finished blocks with installed fittings;
the need to hire a concrete truck.

In addition, such a house needs external and interior decoration, as well as installation of high-quality ventilation system because walls with a double layer of Styrofoam do not breathe. This is an example of how the cheapness of materials does not guarantee savings in construction and comfort in the house.

Expecting to find the cheapest material for building a house, you should pay attention to the structures made:

from foam blocks;
from expanded clay concrete;
from gas silicate blocks;
on frame technology;
from a bar;
from round logs.

To evaluate which material is better, you should compare the pros and cons of each option.

Foam block

The popularity of foam concrete is explained by its affordable price, simple installation - building a house does not require special tools and lifting equipment, since the weight of the block does not exceed 25 kilograms, and it can be cut with an ordinary hacksaw.

Also in the list of advantages of foam blocks includes:

savings on the foundation - wall structures weigh relatively little, which makes it possible to equip a lightweight underground base;
high installation speed;
strict geometry of the blocks (if the material is of high quality) - due to this, the thickness of the seams is minimal, which reduces the consumption of the adhesive, increases the strength of the masonry and reduces the thermal conductivity of the walls;
high thermal insulation parameters - the porous structure prevents heat loss through the walls;
vapor permeability - the material "breathes", so that the room has a comfortable microclimate;
environmental friendliness and fire safety - the material does not burn and does not emit harmful substances.

The disadvantages include:

the need for external cladding - the building needs external decoration, since the porous material is gaining moisture and freezing and thawing cycles do not benefit it;
in a cold climate, the walls of the house need to be additionally insulated, while insulated ventilated facades increase the cost of construction, gluing with polystyrene foam boards will be inexpensive, but the walls will become vapor-tight and a supply ventilation system will be required;
the risk of cracking blocks during shrinkage of the house, if insufficient quality material is used.

Manufacturers claim that the service life of a foam block building reaches 80 years. But the material appeared relatively recently, so there is no information about its real durability.

Expanded clay concrete

Hollow claydite concrete blocks are used for external walls and partitions of a private house. If we compare expanded clay concrete with foam concrete, then expanded clay concrete is more difficult to process, it is heavier, which should be taken into account when calculating the foundation. The size of the expanded clay concrete block is larger, which speeds up installation.

Expanded clay concrete is characterized by:

environmental friendliness and safety for health;
resistance to combustion, biological damage;
good soundproofing and heat-insulating properties;
breathability.

Walls made of this material need external cladding. Finishing allows you to make the facade aesthetically attractive and protect the porous material from damage during moisture and subsequent freezing. Interior decoration is also required, while it should be taken into account that fasteners do not hold well in expanded clay concrete.

If the masonry is not of sufficient quality, or the material is cracked as a result of shrinkage, cold bridges appear, and the walls of the house need additional thermal insulation.

aerated concrete

Trying to find the cheapest construction material, developers buy aerated concrete - lightweight blocks, easy to install. It is important to use autoclaved aerated concrete from a trusted manufacturer - a material made by drying in a hydration chamber has a strength 3 times lower, they can only be used as a heater.

The blocks must be even, as the seams are cold bridges. But even if the masonry is made with a minimum thickness of the seams, the house needs to be insulated if there is a desire to reduce heating costs. Mandatory external and internal decoration of walls made of porous aerated concrete.

The advantages include the ease of processing blocks. At the same time, during the transportation of material and construction works care should be taken - the blocks are unstable to mechanical damage.

Frame house

To build a house using frame technology, you need to use a whole set of building materials, usually these are:

lumber for mounting the supporting frame;
heat insulator, which is laid inside the walls;
sheet material for external and internal cladding (OSB boards, etc.).

Frame housing construction has a number of advantages. During construction, it is not required to use machinery and specialized tools, the work is carried out in a short time. The load on the base is small, so a lightweight foundation is used. AT frame house it is convenient to mount communications - they are hidden inside the wall. A structure built using this technology does not require time to shrink.

This construction option is not without its drawbacks. If a foamed polymer insulation is laid in the walls, the house does not “breathe”, which affects the microclimate. Mineral wool is vapor-permeable, but it absorbs moisture and due to this, its thermal insulation properties are reduced.

To protect the insulation from getting wet, it is necessary to mount a vapor barrier on the side of the room. It is better to use a special membrane that allows air to pass through, but retains moisture. This is noticeably more expensive than using polyethylene, but contributes to a good microclimate in the house.

Having saved on the construction of walls, you will have to spend a lot of money on exterior decoration, since the frame sheathing should be reliably protected from atmospheric influences. The service life of such a house depends on how well it is treated from biological damage. wooden elements frame, from choice exterior finish, on the quality of construction work.

bar

A wooden house is warmth and home comfort, a unique microclimate, thanks to the use of natural wood for construction.

For the construction of a log house, the following types of timber are used: simple (natural moisture or dry) or glued, consisting of several lamellas. Today, in house building, it is customary to use a profiled beam, which allows you to connect the crowns without ventilated slots.

When choosing a beam, it should be borne in mind that:

a house made of wood of natural moisture shrinks strongly, including with deformation of the crowns, with the formation of cracks in the frame, the beam cracks;
dry material is resistant to cracking and deformation;
the structure of glued beams practically does not shrink, does not deform, finishing can be started immediately after the completion of roofing work.

Houses from profiled timber can be built on their own, the material is easy to process. But the thickness of the walls is usually insufficient so that in cold climates all year round operate the house without additional insulation - otherwise you will have to spend more money on heating.

rounded log

In trying to find best material for building a house, you should pay attention to rounded logs. The use of this material makes it possible to seriously reduce the total construction costs, because:

the weight of the structures is not the largest, therefore, a reinforced foundation is not required;
for the construction of a log house, logs of large diameter are used, the thermal conductivity of which makes it possible to do without additional wall insulation;
even smooth logs look attractive, the house looks great without any external and internal decoration.

A rounded log is a good option for construction, if you order the manufacture of a log house kit. In this case, a numbered "constructor" is delivered to the construction site, where all the elements are made on modern equipment, that is, all connections are made with high accuracy. The material used is treated with special agents that protect wood from biological destruction and increase resistance to fire.

If you want to live in a house where the optimal microclimate is always maintained (cool in summer, warm in winter, the air does not dry out and does not become waterlogged), it is recommended to choose.

Conclusion

The choice of material for building a house affects the speed and cost of building a box, the quality of life in the house, and the durability of the building. The desire to save on material for wall structures can result in increased costs for insulation and finishing. If the house is being built on its own, the ease of installation is evaluated, the need to use a specialized tool.

To choose the right material for building a house, you need to know a few key points:

heavy houses require a strong and deep foundation;
light buildings are less durable and require additional insulation;
the heavier the material, the more expensive than work with him;
sometimes transport accessibility has the most influence on the choice of material.

When choosing materials, one must proceed from the financial possibility and time frame of construction. The absence of "wet" work significantly speeds up the construction of the house and can reduce the cost of construction. It is also important to consider the region of construction. Not so much because of the climatic conditions, but because of the popularity of a certain material.

For example, if there is one or even several brick factories nearby, then bringing a tree from afar will turn out to be more expensive than building from red brick. If the house is being built in a forest area, then not always frame-panel projects will be cheaper than a real log house. But often it is necessary to build only from imported materials. And then it will be useful to study their properties.

Wooden and frame houses

If you choose wood for the walls of the house, you can be sure of the environmental friendliness of the material. The microclimate in a pine log house is really special. But building a house from a single log on your own is quite difficult.

But they need to be treated with antiseptic compounds, otherwise the walls will be exposed to all atmospheric phenomena. And this is an increase in the cost of construction.

Wooden or metal frame houses are the easiest to assemble. Especially convenient are frame-panel houses made of SIP panels.

But for installation you will need loading equipment, so this option is not suitable for self construction. On the other hand, a large five-room house is assembled in a week and a half, and due to its low weight it does not require a strip foundation buried by one and a half meters.

Brick and ceramic blocks

If the question arises which material is the most durable, then the answer is simple - red clay brick. A brick house will stand for more than a hundred years, it can be inherited from generation to generation. But the price of building a brick house is impressive.

More modern material– ceramic blocks. Despite the high cost, they are much more profitable than traditional bricks, since one ceramic block weighing 25 kg replaces 15 bricks with a total weight of 50 kg!

Houses made of these ecological materials have a high heat capacity of the walls, so it will take a long time to warm up a house that has cooled down. But then, even when the heating is turned off, the walls will give off heat. When building from porous materials, insulation is not required - the air in the cavities is a natural thermal insulation. Because of heavy weight brick houses require a deep and solid foundation - pile or reinforced concrete tape. And this is an additional cost.

gas blocks

Aerated concrete blocks are an excellent alternative to brick. They are lightweight and durable, and the air bubbles in the blocks provide natural thermal insulation. This is a light and durable material, one block weighing 18 kg replaces 20 bricks weighing 70 kg!

But due to the high hygroscopicity, it is important to prevent moisture from entering the gas blocks during storage and make a good waterproofing of the facade.

Material Comparison

So what to choose for construction? A brief description of:

solid log - does not require processing, environmentally friendly, but material that is difficult to build with your own hands;
treated wood - easy to assemble, but requires increased care, short-lived (about 25-50 years);
frame house - inexpensive to build, but fragile and relatively short-lived (up to 70 years of service);
brick and ceramic block - durable and reliable, but expensive material;
gas block is a more economical material compared to brick, but still more expensive than frame construction.

The advantages of brick, ceramic block and gas block are described in detail in the video:

The correct choice of material for building a house affects not only its strength and durability, but also the cost of the work. Today's construction market provides a huge range of various materials that are ideal not only for prefabricated buildings, but also for solid structures.

First you need to decide for what purposes the future building is intended. If the house is intended for permanent residence, then the main qualities when choosing a building material should be durability, strength, resistance to moisture, as well as high-quality heat and noise insulation.

All of the above advantages are possessed by houses made of foam concrete, brick, frame and wood.

Pros and cons of building a country house from a bar

The building, during the construction of which timber was used, will be reliable and beautiful. The material made from logs cut down in the winter is great for construction, as such a beam shrinks much faster. There are certain advantages and disadvantages that can affect the choice of this material.

Wooden house from glued laminated timber

For example, the pluses include the shallower depth of the foundation required when building a house. In addition, lumber walls have a lower thermal conductivity compared to brick walls, so you don’t have to think about external or internal wall decoration. Important point- the house can be erected at any time, even in winter, even in summer.

In spite of a large number of advantages, the beam has a number of disadvantages. This material is subject to decay, so it is short-lived, like any other wood material. Also, after the construction of housing, drying must be carried out for some time. In addition, the fire safety of the material is also not at the highest level.

For the manufacture of profiled timber, coniferous trees are used. The outer side may be flat, it may look like a log, and the inner side most often has a flat surface and is processed by planing. The remaining two sides are equipped with special spikes and grooves, which improves docking with each other. The grooves are stuffed with jute insulation.

Profiled timber is a high-tech material that allows you to build a house in the shortest possible time.

Profiled timber

Glued laminated timber does not have significant shortcomings and defects, because it undergoes special processing during production. The material is protected by a special impregnation of flame retardant and antiseptic, which gives the wood a high level of resistance to decay and fire resistance. , can serve you faithfully for several decades.

Glued laminated timber

In addition, they are built quite quickly, which ensures comfortable conditions not only construction, but also further residence. Currently, many different companies are able to help with the construction of houses from a bar, however, if desired, you can do the construction of a house from a bar yourself, since there are no particular difficulties in this matter.

A wooden house is always very cozy and does not require extra interior decoration.

Here you can watch a video discussing the construction of a house, but it should be borne in mind that it was recorded at the Forest Fair, and, of course, the author promotes the topic of construction wooden houses. But at the same time, there are some very helpful tips in the video.

Foam concrete houses: pros and cons

The choice of building material, to a greater extent, is determined by such qualities as ease of installation, environmental friendliness, heat and sound insulation. Foam concrete has all of the above qualities, so it is gaining more and more popularity among builders. To date, mass housing developments are carried out using this material.

Private Vacation home foam concrete

An important quality for many consumers is that this material has a high level of environmental safety. For the manufacture of foam concrete, only natural materials are used, such as cement, water, sand. Of course, the addition of dyes with plasticizers is also possible, but their amount is usually very small. Walls made of this material perfectly pass air, which provides a favorable microclimate in the room.

Foam concrete house wall

Foam concrete has a fairly low price in relation to other materials. In addition, it is very light, which undoubtedly affects the installation speed. You can build a house in two to three months. In addition, building a house from foam concrete does not require the construction of a powerful foundation.

One of the main qualities of foam concrete is the presence of good heat and noise insulation, which leads to a reduction in the cost of heat energy and insulating materials. This material is completely fireproof and easily resists high temperatures. In addition, the interior walls can be finished using almost any material.

But, like any building material, foam concrete has its drawbacks. One of them is insufficient strength, so the blocks may be damaged during transportation and construction. There is a possibility that cracks may appear on the walls after the building box is installed, appearing during shrinkage or under the influence of temperature differences. In order to avoid adverse consequences, you need to invest in high-quality reinforcement of the structure.

Reinforced construction

After it has been erected, do not immediately strive to finish the interior walls, it is better to wait for a while. The reason is that there is a possibility of carbonization shrinkage, which can occur as a result of the formation of chalk inside the material. Such changes may occur due to chemical reaction between cement and carbon dioxide.

Pros and cons of brick houses

Brick houses are among the most popular in the construction industry because they are durable, strong and comfortable. If such a house is built competently and thoroughly, then it can easily stand for more than 100 years, delighting residents with a cozy layout and warmth of its walls.

Beautiful brick country house

Brick is the most suitable material for outdoor finishing works. Brick cladding will require less funds than a full-fledged arrangement of a building made of the same material. Such cladding both decorates the structure and protects it from harmful effects. environment. Best Option in the construction of reliable and warm home is a combination of foam concrete with brick.

Brick is ideal for building a house because it is completely natural.

Construction of a brick house

A brick house will not burn down. Of course, the fire will destroy everything that was inside, but the frame of the house will remain standing, which contributes to the beginning of a new life.

If necessary, you can build on, add additional rooms. A house that has only one floor can become a comfortable cottage or a house with several floors.

Brick walls can support roller shutters or an additional attic. You can also line the walls with wood, wild stone or decorative bricks.

Home is what we leave behind, what connects generations. What this memory of us will be depends on us. True, the construction of a house strongly depends on the amount of our money, and on the climate of the area where it is located. And now it is dazzling from the variety of building materials in the eyes. Therefore, in order for the house to be strong, comfortable and stand for a long time, it is necessary to take into account not only the merits of this or that material, but also its shortcomings, so that our beauty does not decay and crumble in a few years.

Basic materials for building a house

With all the diversity and dissimilarity of houses, we build them practically from only two materials: wood and stone. In fairness, it should be noted that they are specially processed, they are given the properties necessary in each specific case.

Let's look at a tree: a rounded log, a simple and glued beam, a gun carriage. Everything seems to be from the same material, but the characteristics, for example, of glued laminated timber and rounded logs differ like heaven and earth. But there is still frame houses, also consisting of wood and insulation.

A stone generally means not a wild stone (it mainly goes to backfill under the foundation or on decorative trim), but artificially created. Well, since it was created by the mind and hands of a person, then the properties of the stone were given such as the person needed. And no matter how frightening the abundance of brands and standards of such a stone, it easily fits into the following classification:

Brick;

Blocks where the binder is cement;

Building blocks made without the use of cement, based on lime or clay.

The greatest variety of manufacturing technologies (hence, types) exists in the second group, that is, the group of building blocks made on the basis of cement.In housing construction, lightweight concretes are most often used, which differ in the brand of cement, the composition of the filler, and the composition of the heat-insulating component. And already, depending on these characteristics, it is possible to distinguish cellular concretes, where air or gas bubbles serve as thermal insulation, and blocks, where this role is played by expanded clay, wood chips or foam balls. However, in order...

Brick: pros and cons

Yes, the brick is durable, frost-resistant, not afraid of fungus and does not rot. It is not afraid of precipitation and does not burn, solar ultraviolet does not have any effect on the brick. The brick is durable, and also meets all environmental and aesthetic standards. The strength of the house is explained both by the quality of the material and the method of laying - each next laid row of bricks knits the previous one, that is, there are no vertical seams passing through at least two rows.

This masonry requires a certain skill, especially when tying corners and laying a wall more than one brick thick. Thus, the complexity of building a brick house requires highly skilled labor. Another significant drawback is the weight of the brick: you need a reinforced, solid foundation.

Due to the high thermal conductivity of the brick, the house cools down quickly, and it takes several days to warm it up so that it does not seem that the house is damp. This is quite simply explained: when laying, the thickness of the solution is somewhere 1 cm , and with small brick sizes, such a thickness of mortar is no longer a "bridge", but a real "bridge" of cold. The deadlines for the delivery of brick houses are usually delayed, since they cannot be immediately plastered for two reasons: shrinkage of the house (and the house will certainly settle due to its significant weight) and the moisture in the solution, which takes several months to completely evaporate. In addition to all these shortcomings, a brick can collapse if it absorbs moisture before winter. And this can be possible even if all brick production technologies are followed, if clay with salts dissolved in it is caught: water will wash the salt out of the brick, and itself will occupy the voids. This is the beginning of a destructive process.

And one moment. The cost of brick production is at least one and a half times more expensive than the production of other materials from which walls are erected. Considering that a brick is several times smaller than any other building block, the labor intensity of construction increases significantly. Together, price and labor intensity make brick house quite expensive.

Properties of cellular concrete

Cellular concrete includes foam concrete and aerated concrete blocks. Inside the concrete in the first case there are cells with air, in the second - with hydrogen. In the first case, bubbles form as a result of foaming, the concrete hardens under normal conditions. In the second, aluminum powder or paste is added to the solution, which, when interacting with water, release gas (hydrogen). The solution "grows", it is sent to an autoclave, where it solidifies at a certain temperature and pressure. Let's look at the pros and cons of these materials separately.

foam concrete we knew in the middle of the last century, but they started building from it recently, when they started talking about heat saving everywhere. After all, air is an excellent heat insulator. At the same time, almost no sounds pass through the foam concrete. Since foam blocks are light and larger than bricks, laying does not become a time-consuming process. And it’s easy to ditch walls for communication systems. How easy it is to give the block various shapes, which means you can create bay windows, make an oval wall, etc. In addition, foam concrete does not burn and is easy to transport.

The disadvantages include a rather high moisture absorption (though at a shallow depth). The walls require annual settlement, and they must stand on stable slab foundations, otherwise significant cracks appear on the blocks as a result of deformations.

aerated concrete even lighter than foam concrete, perfectly processed (it can be cutwith an ordinary hacksaw, drill with ordinary drills, etc.). Heat-insulating and noise-protective functions are also on top. Lightness requires less labor, and good heat-shielding properties reduce the amount required material. With all this, one should not forget about high strength at a relatively low price.

Disadvantages can appear in two cases. The wall breathes and therefore gradually accumulates moisture. To eliminate this phenomenon, you need a wall finish with good waterproofing. The second minus is the fragility of aerated concrete, that is, the wall should not experience any movement in order to avoid cracks. And for this you need a solid strip foundation.

Other lightweight concretes

These concretes are heavier than cellular ones: instead of gas or air, which change the properties of the wall material, they contain heavier components. Therefore, these concretes are approximately 1.2 - 1.5 times heavier than water, while dry foam concrete and aerated concrete can be held on the surface of the water. Nevertheless, these components are not crushed stone, gravel, but wood, expanded clay, that is, compared to heavy concrete, this material has a much lower specific gravity.

Expanded clay concrete contains a relatively light component(foamed and baked clay). With a small weight of blocks, this material is durable, versatile (not only bearing walls, but also partitions, and also fill frames in monolithic housing construction). The material is an excellent sound insulator, it is more moisture resistant than concrete, better resists aggressive environments, and is not inferior to cellular concrete in other best qualities.

The porosity of expanded clay concrete, improving its thermal and noise-protective qualities, reduces frost resistance, due to the ingress of moisture into the pores. Porosity also affects strength: you always have to accurately calculate whether the lower blocks can withstand the load of the rest of the structure (does our private developer know the strength of materials?).

AT polystyrene concrete the role of a heat and sound insulator is played by polystyrene balls evenly distributed in concrete. It seems that the material is good for everyone: it is both warm and durable, it retains noise well, it is light and not expensive, but everything crosses out one drawback. But what...In a fire, polystyrene begins to melt, releasing toxins.

slag concrete The name is more collective than specific. The point is that inas a filler in this building material, there can be both slag and coal, ash, an admixture of expanded clay with something, screenings, etc. Specifically, slag is used from the waste of metallurgical production. To comply with environmental standards, it is aged outdoors for a year. For external walls, blocks with a large fraction of the filler are ideal, for internal walls - with a fine one. Voids to improve thermal properties are created using special molds for the production of this type of concrete. The material is strong, cheap, very durable. The high speed of the construction of cinder block walls is also important.

The disadvantages include low sound insulation. It is understandable, a denser material - higher sound conductivity. Also, the material is afraid of water ingress, so it is desirable to veneer it. But if you overlay a house of cinder blocks with bricks, then this significantly increases the cost of construction. In addition, it is bad to lay communications in cinder concrete, and if some kind of groove or hole is needed, it is better to foresee them in advance and put a bar in the right place in the cinder block blank.

Arbolite blocks is a building material, the main components of which are concrete and organic filler: wood chips, flax fiber or seed cake, from which oil has already been squeezed. Of course, most often it is wood chips. A characteristic feature of wood concrete is that, unlike other lightweight concretes, there is only 10-20% concrete in it, everything else is wood chips.

A house made of such blocks in terms of properties is more reminiscent of wooden house, but unlike it, it is practically not susceptible to microorganisms and fungi. One of its interesting material properties is that a block of arbolite is able to restore its shape when ultimate loads are stopped. It keeps heat in and keeps noise out. It does not burn, but when exposed to an open flame, it begins to smolder. It is necessary to remove the source of the flame - smoldering stops. Eco-friendly, breathable material.

The disadvantage of arbolite is increased moisture permeability, and therefore inside the room the relative humidity cannot exceed 75%, but outside there must be a cladding. The foundation must rise above the blind area by at least half a meter so that the spray does not fly onto the wood concrete blocks. For the same half a meter, the roof overhangs should extend beyond the walls so that water rarely hits the wall.

Blocks without cement

When choosing a material for building walls, you can come acrossgas silicate . Attention! Do not confuse it with aerated concrete. We already know that cement is needed for the production of aerated concrete. In the production of gas silicate, lime acts as a binding element. The porous structure is acquired due to gases released during the interaction of quicklime with aluminum particles. And what is the difference between the qualities of gas silicate and aerated concrete? Aerated concrete due to cement is more durable, gas silicate due to lime reduces heat loss and better protects against noise. For all high qualities gas silicate blocks (lightness, insulating properties, low cost, etc.) in them, as in foam concrete, the formation of a fungus is possible due to the porous structure.

ceramic blocks also does not contain cement. In addition to clay, their composition may include sand and sawdust. The voids inside the blocks resemble honeycombs. Outside, on the side faces, the blocks have grooves and protrusions. This allows you to do without vertical seams when laying. As a building material, ceramic blocks are durable, they can be used to build multi-storey buildings. They are very light,good soundproofing and thermal insulation. A significant drawback of walls made of this material is the impossibility of perforating (and often just drilling) and fixing something on the walls, since the abundance of voids and the fragility of thin partitions do not allow even a cork to be installed.

Modern building technologies make it possible to build the walls of a house from various materials– there are solutions for any, even the most modest, budget. Approaching the issue of building a building, one should understand one simple truth - all materials for the walls of the house have different strengths, thermal conductivity and their own unique construction technology. Like it or not, these are very important features that simply cannot be discounted when starting to build your house or. Let's choose the best building material for the construction of the building together with the site.

How to choose wall material: brick house

Perhaps, brick is the most common material for building the walls of a house - its strength allows you to make not only the bearing walls of the building, but also interior partitions that divide the living area into separate rooms.

Brick mankind invented a long time ago, and during its existence has developed quite a lot of types. There is a strong brick for the construction of load-bearing walls, a looser one - for laying partitions and filling empty space, along with them it is used facing brick and even heat-resistant, capable of withstanding high temperatures.

All these varieties of this building material allow you to build brick walls any strength using various technologies and customize this construction to fit any budget.

The most expensive option is walls made of several continuous layers of sand-lime bricks - this approach allows you to build sufficiently strong walls that can withstand heavy loads. Even high-rise buildings up to 9 or even higher floors are built in this way - it's all about the thickness of the walls and the way the bricks are laid. This turns out to be quite comfortable, it is cool in summer and warm in winter.

How to choose the material of the walls of a residential building

A cheaper option for building walls is to combine various bricks and modern synthetic insulation. These building materials for the walls of the house are laid according to a special technology, they make it possible to reduce the cost of construction and at the same time leave the characteristics of the walls at the same level.

Such combined walls are a kind of layer cake. Outside, a front brick is laid, inside rubble (cheaper), and the space between them is filled with either foam plastic or mineral insulation. The house turns out to be warm, but the strength suffers a little - you cannot build a tall building in this way (maximum 2-3 floors).

Walls of a brick house photo

Foam block walls: pros and cons

When deciding on the material for the walls of a residential building, one should not lose sight of aerated concrete and foam concrete - in their characteristics they differ little from each other - light, warm and comfortable during construction. Their only drawback is their low strength. They are mainly used for the construction of interior partitions.

It is possible to use foam concrete to create load-bearing walls only in combination with reinforced concrete - supporting columns and floor beams are poured, and the space between them is laid with foam blocks. This approach to construction reduces the initial cost of the house by ten percent.

The walls of the house from foam blocks

Are claydite concrete walls used in private construction

Blocks or even slabs of expanded clay concrete are made from cement with the addition of expanded clay granules and a reinforcing frame - this approach to their creation allows you to make the walls of the house strong and warm. Expanded clay concrete was quite often used in the construction of skyscrapers in the last century, they were used as insulation, and the load-bearing walls of the house were located inside the building.

In private construction, claydite-concrete walls are rare - they are not cheap, and working with them requires special lifting equipment.

The walls of the house made of expanded clay concrete blocks

Wooden walls and a cheaper alternative

Wood is an environmentally friendly material, it is for this reason that in modern construction cottages, it is becoming increasingly popular. The walls of the house made of wood are durable, warm, and most importantly, safe for humans. Such a house is very expensive - walls built from processed logs are the most expensive, and not everyone can afford such an approach to construction.

To reduce the cost of building wooden walls, modern industry has learned to produce the so-called glued laminated timber - it is made from waste woodworking industry by gluing individual wooden parts. In this way, it is possible to make a beam of any length and section - in terms of strength, this material is not much inferior to a massive log, and its thermal conductivity and environmental cleanliness practically does not change.

The walls of the house from a bar photo

Styrofoam walls: advantages and disadvantages

The cheapest option for building walls is to build them from foam. This technology is quite interesting, and it is simply impossible to ignore it. A foam block, identical, is laid like an ordinary brick with only one difference - the cavities in the blocks are filled with concrete and reinforced.

As a result, inside the foam blocks, a kind of small reinforced concrete columns are obtained, on which the main load from the building falls. In this way, you can build a structure up to three floors high.

The disadvantages of foam walls include problems with their lining. To get a high-quality facade, it is additionally necessary to plaster it using a special technology using metal mesh or use ventilated facade systems. The same can be said about internal walls- mixtures for foam plastic plaster cost a lot, this nuance nullifies the low cost of the material and work with it.

Material for the walls of the house - foam

Frame construction of walls

AT recent times the so-called frame construction of houses is gaining more and more popularity. This technology is based on the principle of a metal frame made of special profiles, which is subsequently sheathed with sheet material of the type, and the internal cavity of such walls is insulated. Frame walls are a kind of building kit that allows you to build a house cheaply in almost a month.

The disadvantage of this method of construction is its low strength and durability - as they say, you cannot build such a house for centuries. On the other hand, you and your children will have enough (although the question remains open about the latter).

House wall options - frame construction

In general, there are a lot of options for building the walls of a house, in addition to the above, there are other materials that you will have to choose. Anything can affect the choice of material for the walls of the house: your financial condition, the climatic zone in which you live, and other factors. The main thing to remember is that you need to build in such a way that the house is a refuge not only for you, but also for the next generations of your family.