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How to make a wooden staircase. Making a wooden staircase with your own hands: drawings. Manufacturing technology of wooden stairs. Preparing the basic elements

During construction frame house sometimes the question arises how to build a wooden staircase? Most of projects imply the presence of a second or attic floor. Stairs come in a wide variety of materials.

But wood is the most popular and simple material as well as eco-friendly and convenient. Anyone can handle this material. Building and installing stairs with your own hands is a tangible cost savings.

There are two main types wooden stairs- screw and marching.

Mid-flight stairs are the most common and simple, and if you are new to construction, choose this kind of stairs.

As a rule, such schemes are compiled in electronic form. There are special computer programs and applications that will allow you to create such models. Professional programs for construction organizations have a 3D function. Although, this is not at all necessary for the construction of a marching staircase, the usual one on paper will suffice.

Standard interfloor wooden stairs are installed on stringers or bowstrings. The difference lies in the following: the bowstrings are located on the side of the steps, and the stringers are under the steps.

A marching ladder usually has two side bowstrings. Its steps are attached on both sides. Consider the installation and installation of stairs with just such a technology.

Installation of a marching staircase

Initially, we draw up a detailed diagram for the stairs and its parts. We pre-cut the steps from the boards, make 2 bowstrings and special supporting bars. Next, we connect the steps with bowstrings. Under each step we make a supporting bar. We mount all bowstrings to the floor and to the walls.

Kosuar and bowstrings

Spiral interfloor wooden staircase

Oak spiral staircase

If you can’t build a staircase with your own hands, then you can opt for a ready-made helical wooden structure. The advantage of this staircase is that it will significantly save space in the house.

It is important to take into account when building a spiral staircase its angle of inclination. If it is too steep, it can be hazardous to health, especially if there are children and elderly people in the house.

An easy way to install and install a spiral staircase is to buy a ready-made, measured design. on the installation will also bring you significant benefits.

A spiral wooden staircase consists of three main parts: a rack, a railing and steps. When choosing wood for stairs, choose oak. It is not only one of the most durable materials, but also has a beautiful appearance and excellent performance.

Before buying a spiral staircase, measure the dimensions in detail in order to choose the right design for your home. There is another option - to hire a specialist who will take all the measurements himself, and after that already place an order for the stairs. If you have building skills, you can make the steps yourself, ordering only the rack and railing. Usually racks and railings are made to order, chiseled, although there are also rectangular ones.

The device of the spiral staircase

On the one hand, the steps are attached to the rack, and on the other, they have holes for the railing.
Racks are mostly metal. They have a flange to which steps are attached.
The most common staircase design is "duck step". She assumes special form steps.
The rack is mounted between floors. It is attached to the floor with anchor bolts.

After installing the rack, the steps are installed. The distance between the steps should not exceed 20 cm. This is necessary for your safety. When assembling and installing steps, make sure that the last rung of the stairs fits exactly to the floor of the second floor.

The spiral staircase, like the march staircase, has many decorative elements and details. And each set has its own decorations and different details, and elements of fasteners. When installing and assembling a simple mid-flight staircase, the calculation is different, the geometry of the opening here is rectangular. The opening at the spiral staircase is a circle.

If you decide to order a finished wooden staircase, then contact a trusted and reliable company, with good reviews. Buy a ready-made wooden staircase or make it yourself with your own hands.

Staircase painting

Stair painting

Painting stairs is divided into three main parts:

preliminary preparation of all the details of the stairs;
painting stairs and its details;
painting the stairs with a protective varnish layer.

Before starting work, you need to prepare each element of our stairs for painting. And this means: and. Puttying must be done with special mixtures for wood. The use of compounds that are not suitable for wood is strictly prohibited.

When the putty layer has dried, we proceed to polishing the surface. Grinding takes place in two stages. The first stage is rough, it is also called superficial. After that, you have to wait a few days. You will notice that lint forms on the surface of the wood. Blow them with air before the second sanding.

After the completion of the grinding work, the board will become perfectly flat and smooth. Now feel free to start applying the first coating.

Before you start painting, apply a coat of primer to the wooden stairs. And it is better to choose a primer to match the paint.

When choosing a paint, stop your attention on alkyd or urethane types of coating. These paints are perfect for flight of stairs. From colors choose lighter colors.

If desired, instead of paint, you can use, or use stain or varnish. The advantages of wood stain are that it perfectly emphasizes and highlights the unique pattern of wood. Your staircase will look perfect. Choose stain along with varnish. And don't skimp on the purchase. The better the coloring composition, the longer the staircase will last you. Stain is not only decorative trim but also protection from various factors.

After the paint has dried, apply the final coat of varnish. Choose from a matte or semi-matt finish. Lacquering is carried out in three stages. Moreover, before each subsequent application, the previous layer of varnish must dry. If air bubbles form on the varnish, then after painting, simply sand them.

Video on making a straight staircase

Video on the manufacture of a spiral staircase

Today the majority country houses built on two or more floors. And in this case, the question arises of moving between levels, or rather, with the construction of stairs. For these purposes, you can use a variety of materials, both traditional and modern. But probably, one of the most popular materials for the construction of stairs (and other structures) is wood. It's beautiful, relatively inexpensive, and you can do everything yourself. This article will discuss how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands.

Preparatory stage

Before you start building a wooden staircase in a country house, it is worth considering some details. First, it is worth deciding on the type of construction. In private housing construction, the most commonly used two types of stairs:

marching;
screw.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. So, for example, a spiral staircase made of wood will take up much less free space. But at the same time, such structures are difficult to implement. In addition, the stairs themselves turn out to be rather narrow, it can be difficult for a “big” person to walk along it (not to mention the transfer of large-sized furniture or objects).

The most common option for a private house is considered wood stairway. Such designs can be easily made by hand. They are quite spacious and easy to use. Mid-flight stairs, depending on the height of the second floor, can be with one or two spans. But there is no fundamental difference in the construction of each type.

Second, worth decide on some more options. Namely:

how much free space you can allocate for the installation of stairs;
what is the height between floors;
what is the maximum load the ladder will have to withstand;
what parts the structure will consist of (what type of steps to choose, what is their height and width, what fences to use, etc.).

You can decide on the appearance by looking at numerous photos and videos from the Internet. Here you can find original solutions, some of which can be fully realized on their own, with their own hands. Also from the video you can get acquainted in more detail with the instructions for the manufacture and installation of wooden stairs.

After you have decided on the type of wooden staircase and its components, it is worth preparing all the necessary material. But for this you need to do the calculations of the future design and its drawing. at first calculate all scores. Namely:

It is also worth considering the width of the clearance above the stairs. When you climb the stairs, it should be free above your head so that you do not hit. The length of the kosour or bowstring is also calculated.

Preparation of the necessary material and tools

Knowing all design parameters, one can prepare the right material. Wooden stairs can be made from different breeds. Many experts recommend using oak, beech or larch. But such materials are quite expensive. The most commonly used conifers. They are strong enough, easy to process and inexpensive.

When buying wood, it is important to pay attention to its quality. On the boards there should be no places of decay, fallen knots and deformations. Also make sure that the wood is well dried.

For the installation of wooden stairs in the house you will need:

bars for stringers, their thickness should be at least 50 mm, and the width should be in accordance with the dimensions of the steps. The length of the bar should be enough for the entire length of the march; it is not allowed to sew two bars together;
boards for tread with a thickness of 40 mm;
boards for risers 30 mm thick;
balusters, railings and other additions are best purchased ready-made, they will have a more aesthetic appearance;
galvanized self-tapping screws and anchor bolts for fastening.

In addition, it is necessary prepare the tool for work. Namely:

devices for marking and measuring (tape measure, rulers, building corner);
to make holes you will need a drill (preferably electric);
a hacksaw for wood (for large parts) and a hacksaw for metal (for small parts);
a screwdriver or better a screwdriver with a set of nozzles;
hammer and chisel for making grooves;
planer (preferably electric);
sanding cloth.

And, of course, a detailed drawing should be at hand.

Building a ladder

Now let's get acquainted with the installation instructions for the most wooden stairs in the house. The drawing is ready, the materials and tools are in place, you can proceed. Ladder installation do it yourself in the following sequence:

This completes the ladder assembly. Remains only cover all surfaces protective layer of varnish. If you wish, you can cover all surfaces with paint.

If there is a desire to build a wooden staircase in a country house with your own hands, then this business is quite feasible. The main thing is to carefully calculate everything, make a preliminary drawing and select good material. And then a little effort and time spent and a beautiful and comfortable wooden staircase, made by hand, is ready. It will certainly decorate your home and bring coziness and comfort to it.

Modern country houses country houses they are rarely one-story, mostly they have two or three floors, if the building has only one floor, then it is complemented by an attic.

The need to use stairs

In these cases, there is a need for high-quality movement. The most successful solution would be to manufacture a wooden staircase, with which it will even be possible to provide a lift heavy items furniture or appliances. Carrying out such work cannot be called a simple process, if it is possible to order a project, then experts advise doing just that. However, if you have carpentry skills and are completely confident in your abilities, then you can start making structures yourself.

Components of a wooden staircase

In order to understand how to make stairs yourself, you must first understand the design features of the product and its main parts. Thus, the kosour is a load-bearing beam, which is designed to support the risers and steps from below. It is this element that bears all the load. The manufacture of spiral wooden stairs involves the use of a bowstring, which is necessary to perform a support-bearing function. This element has recesses into which the steps must be inserted with their end part. The bowstring is not as preferred as the kosour, for the reason that it is not able to withstand heavy loads. Even if the staircase is adjacent to the wall, they still try to make it on stringers. Steps are wooden beams, which are composed of treads and risers. The former are horizontal, while the latter are vertical. A person will step on the surface of the tread with his feet. Whereas the riser is a vertical beam located under the step. It encloses the space and supports the structure. Quite often, stairs are made without the use of a riser, in which case the space will remain free, the leg will not rest, however, the design in this case is not so reliable and durable.

For reference

If you will be making wooden stairs for the house, then you should take into account the fact that the steps can be radius, rectangular, which looks very nice. Sometimes they are made rotatable at some angle to replace the dividing platform. If you want your staircase to look attractive, then you should choose railings, which are represented by handrails and balusters. Their size and shape can be completely different. As a rule, these components are made to order in the form that the consumer wishes to see.

If the design of the stairs involves the presence of more than one march, then a support column is used in the manufacture, which is sometimes replaced by pillars in those places where the stairs turn.

Tread Width

Making wooden stairs with your own hands, the drawings of which you can prepare yourself or entrust the work to professionals, provides for the correct determination of the width of the tread. According to the rules, the smallest width of the tread should be 22 centimeters, as for the maximum value, it varies from 37 to 40 centimeters. If this figure turns out to be less, then it will be quite problematic to go down, if more, then the step will go astray.

Design choice

The manufacture of a wooden staircase should begin with the choice of design features of the product. It is important to consider how much free space you have. Aesthetic considerations must be taken into account. Speaking conditionally, all stairs can be divided into mid-flight and spiral, the latter variety is used quite rarely, mainly in cases where free space is extremely limited in the room. Among other things, spiral staircases are of little use. If there is a need to bring heavy furniture, then this will be extremely difficult. It can serve exclusively for the ascent or descent of one person.

What the master needs to know

To carry out manufacturing manipulations, it will be necessary to carry out rather complex calculations, since the support will occur on one pillar, or rather, a support. The manufacture of a wooden staircase can be carried out on the basis of a mid-flight design, which is the most common. The composition includes flights of stairs, steps and platforms, which are separated by a march.

Material preparation

The manufacture of a wooden staircase should begin with the purchase of lumber. For the manufacture of stringers or bowstrings, you will need a bar with a cross section of 50 x 250 millimeters. The minimum width is 150 millimeters, which is true when the design allows.

For the manufacture of the riser, beams should be purchased, the minimum thickness of which should be 25 millimeters, and more massive material can be used. For treads, beams from 30 to 40 millimeters are best suited. The manufacturing technology of wooden stairs provides for compliance with certain rules. Thus, you can order balusters and handrails from the manufacturer or purchase them ready-made. Some experts make them on their own, but it is quite difficult, for this you need to have certain equipment and experience.

Installation of stringers and bowstrings

If you will be manufacturing a wooden staircase, then the beam purchased for the stringers must be cut from the bottom and top so that the desired length of the staircase is obtained. After that, the thickness of one tread should be cut from the bottom, which will be 5 centimeters. When calculating the number of treads, you can not take into account the thickness of the steps. It is not so important for the structure, with the exception of the first step, its height must be increased by the thickness of the tread. Wooden stairs, which you can make yourself, provide for cutting an opening in the stringer for the steps. On the construction square, it is necessary to mark the height of the riser, and after that - the width of the tread, 4 centimeters must be subtracted from this value. Now with a pencil you should transfer the markings to the inner base of the beam. The master should saw off the excess, for which it is best to use a saw or an electric jigsaw. However, if such tools are not available, then a hand saw can be used. If you decide to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, then you need to attach the stringer to the place where the staircase will be located. Its upper edge should rest against the ceiling, and the lower one against the floor of the first floor. Next, you should analyze how horizontally the cuts for the steps are located.

The nuances of the work

Kosourov will need two, however, depending on the loads that the staircase will have to endure, there may be more of them. In this case, you will need to prepare the rest, using the first one as a template. The entire surface must be sanded. If necessary, the outer edges must be processed with a router, making them rounded, so the design will look more aesthetically pleasing.

Above and below the stringers must be connected with a beam to each other. Why should you cut them a quarter from the top and bottom. Fastenings should be made to a thick beam, using If possible, stringers should be fixed to the walls, and anchors will also need to be used. When using a single bowstring, it should be cut in such a way that it acquires the desired length. After inside, you need to make a drink using a cutter, making holes that will become recesses for installing steps. The bowstring is fixed to the surface of the wall with anchors. The master must analyze how correctly the kosour and the bowstring are located on the other side, they must be on the same level, only in this way it will be possible to eliminate the slope of the steps.

Riser and step installation

Wooden stairs, the manufacture, installation of which you can do yourself, require a tight fixation of the stringers, as soon as these manipulations have been carried out, you can proceed with the installation of the riser. To do this, the beam must be sawn into the required number of risers of the required length. These elements should be leveled relative to each other, and then sanded. Fastening should be carried out to the kosour with the help of self-tapping screws, installing them from the front side. After that, the holes can be puttied or hidden with the help of decorative elements. Some experts use special glue for this. When the risers are installed, it will be possible to proceed to the steps. To do this, you need to cut the beam into the number of steps that you need. After that, the blanks are milled. Then these elements are installed on top of the risers and fixed with screws, which are sometimes replaced with self-tapping screws. If you will use the string on one side, the treads will need to be inserted into the groove that is cut into the string. The edge of the step will first need to be smeared, as well as the holes in the bowstring.

The manufacture and installation of wooden stairs can be done by any home craftsman, however, technology should be followed. Balusters should be installed on the steps, and after fixed with a hairpin of 100 mm length, the thickness of the fastener should be 8 millimeters. From above, railings are installed and fixed with self-tapping screws. On this we can assume that the work is completed, it remains only to paint the stairs. This will preserve the wood, emphasizing its natural beauty. Quite often, experts use transparent varnish coatings. So the product will look more natural. If the interior requires the presence of appropriate items, then the staircase will harmoniously fit into the space.

Stairs- this is one of the main elements of the interior design of the room, therefore, when designing it, attention should be paid not only to reliability and functionality, but also appearance. Before taking on making a wooden staircase with your own hands, must be taken into account a large number of factors on which not only its design, but also its dimensions will depend.

These factors include:

available space,
height,
maximum load for which the ladder is designed,
ease of use for people living in the house.

To date, there are a huge number of options for the execution of interfloor stairs, so choosing the right design is a rather difficult task.

Choosing which staircase to build

Stairs marching and spiral. The design of the mid-flight stairs is quite simple and is the best choice, if you plan to make it yourself, however, in order to provide an acceptable slope and height of the steps, a considerable area is required. This ladder is very easy to use and can withstand heavy loads. It can easily lift furniture and other large items to the second floor, in addition, it is safer, so it will be the best choice if children or the elderly live in the house.

The spiral staircase has a more complex device. It is used in conditions of limited space, when, due to lack of space, it is not possible to provide a safe slope for an ordinary staircase. The main disadvantages include a not very convenient design, which makes it difficult to lift and does not allow you to carry large items. At the same time, a skillfully executed spiral staircase has sufficient strength and can be the main element of the interior.

Safety above all!

Before proceeding to making stairs with your own hands need to take care of its safety. Firstly, it must be strong and easily withstand a load several times greater than the weight of a person of average build. Secondly, the ladder should be comfortable and ergonomic. AT this case great attention must be paid to such factors as the height of the steps, the slope of the stairs, as well as the location and shape of the railing. The steps should have a non-slip coating, and the gaps between the balusters should be chosen so that the child cannot squeeze through them and fall.

Design features of stairs

Depending on the method of fastening the steps, marching stairs can be on bowstrings, stringers or bolts.

Ladders on bowstrings have two side beams to which steps are attached. Such squirrels (strings) can be made of metal or wood. They can be attached to the wall or special supports, providing high strength of the entire structure.

The steps of the stairs on the stringers are attached to the beams, which are located below and repeat the geometry of the entire structure. Such beams (kosoura) can be straight or curved. Straight stringers, as a rule, have a jagged shape, while the steps are superimposed on the teeth.

Stairs with a bolt connection of steps are highly durable, so this design does not require additional supports and can be held at two points. The steps are attached to each other with metal rods - bolts, which completely eliminates the creaking caused by the friction of two wooden surfaces.

How to make a staircase with your own hands. Choosing materials

For the manufacture of stairs, softwood is most often used, since it is affordable and easy to process. An oak staircase will be more durable, but the cost of such a design will increase several times, moreover, the processing of this type of wood is a rather laborious task and requires certain skills.

The main steps in the manufacture of stairs

Consider the basic principles of making stairs using the example of a wooden structure on stringers. Before starting the design, it is necessary to understand that any, even minor errors and inaccuracies in the calculations can lead to serious problems that will arise during installation, so each stage should be treated very carefully. Our future staircase will consist of three main elements: steps, handrails and stringers. At the initial stage of design, everything must be done necessary calculations designs.

Calculation of the width and height of steps

To calculate the size of steps, the formula 2A + B = 64cm is usually used, where A is the width and B is the height. Typical step heights range from 140 to 170mm. We measure the height of the future stairs and divide by the estimated value of the height of the steps.

Suppose it is 240cm, and the desired height of the steps is 17cm. We divide the resulting value by the height of the steps 240/16=15 and round the result to the nearest integer, therefore, our future staircase will consist of 15 steps. Now we determine the exact height of the steps, for this we divide the height of the entire staircase by the number of steps: 240/15 \u003d 16cm. We find the width by the formula, using the height value, we get 24cm. You can also use a table.

The protrusion (part of the step hanging over the riser) should be no more than 3-4 cm. The greater the height of the riser, the narrower the step itself, but its width should not be less than the height. The most optimal step width should correspond to the forty-second shoe size (29-30cm.)

When calculating the stairs, it is also necessary to take into account the distance between the steps and the objects located above them (ceiling, beams, balconies, etc.). It should be at least 1.9-2 meters.

The horizontal size of the stairs is determined as follows: the width of the steps is multiplied by their number, while it should be taken into account that the floor surface serves as the first step, so in our case the calculation will look like this: 13x24=312cm.

If the height of the stairs is large enough, you can make a platform. Such platforms are recommended to be done in 7-8 steps. In the case when it is necessary to design a staircase with a certain number of steps, you can reduce their height in order to make a platform.

Manufacturing of stringers

As a material for the manufacture of stringers, you can use a 40mm wide pine board. Make a pattern that exactly repeats the dimensions of the profile of the steps and mark the prepared boards. Then cut out the teeth with a hacksaw or electric jigsaw. In those places where the riser joins the step, it is necessary to cut off the corner. Having made one kosour, you can use it as a template for the rest. Since the strength, safety and durability of the stairs depend on the stringers, you should not save on their quantity, as well as on the quality of the material from which they are made. Boards should be free of knots and any signs of insect activity. Consider a way to attach stringers. To achieve the required strength, as a rule, 3-4 stringers are enough.

Installation of steps and railings making wooden stairs with your own hands

Steps can be attached directly to the stringers, or with the help of additional wooden elements - filly. Measure and cut out of wood required amount steps and risers, do not forget to take into account the ledge. Steps are fastened with nails or self-tapping screws.

The design using triangular fillies is more reliable. The fillies are fastened using dowels, for which grooves are previously made. The most durable construction is obtained using complex-shaped fillies, while a special cutout is made on the stringers. The connection of the elements of the stairs is carried out with the help of glue and self-tapping screws.

After the steps are ready, you can screw the railing balusters to them. In order to protect the tree from the influence of destructive factors (dampness, mold of harmful insects), it is necessary to apply a paint and varnish coating on it.

Making a wooden staircase with your own hands, in principle, is not so difficult. All you need for this is quality wood, the necessary tools and a little patience. Before starting work, carefully consider all the nuances of the future design and check the preliminary calculations several times.

The staircase is one of the central elements in the interior of the room when you need to connect the first and second floors. It must be reliable and functional, as well as aesthetically attractive. But before you make a staircase, it is worth considering some factors that affect the size and design features. It's about about the area and height of the room, the ease of use of the stairs, maximum load, which will fall on it.

Functional Features

As the architects say, a staircase is a key element of the interior, which performs a stylistic and constructive load. To achieve harmony between these factors, before making a staircase to the second floor, it is necessary to develop project documentation. There are several types of design of this element, which is also taken into account in the design decision.

Marching stairs: design features

Such an element is simple and assumes the presence of continuous rows of steps - marches. To ensure an acceptable slope and height of the steps, a large area is needed. Such ladders are distinguished by ease of use, the ability to withstand heavy loads. Marching models are great for lifting heavy things, such as furniture, to the second floor. In addition, they are convenient and safe, so they can be done in homes where children or the elderly live. Before you make a staircase with marches, you need to choose what it will be - straight or rotary. The first are durable, easy to manufacture and easy to use. If the staircase has more than ten steps, then the march is divided by an intermediate platform. This results in a rotary model in which the steps are the same in height, but take up less space.

Screw type: complex frame

The main feature of this design is the complexity of the frame, which consists of steps located along the correct radius. If you are looking for a way to make a staircase in a limited space, then the spiral model is exactly what you need, because it is just right for compact spaces. Usually this design takes place in the corner, between two walls. The attribute looks nice, but it is not very convenient to use. And it is completely impossible to lift oversized loads on it. As a rule, a spiral staircase is bought ready-made, since it is quite difficult to make it yourself.

What to make?

The ladder structure can be made of various materials. Steps are made of stone (brick, shell rock, expanded clay concrete) or wood (ash, oak, maple, spruce, pine). Having decided to make a staircase to the second floor, do not forget about the railings - most often they are made of aluminum and stainless steel. AT modern houses stairs made from a combination of plastic, metal and wood also look aesthetically pleasing. If you make this element of the interior yourself, then the steps must be made from blocks that are prepared by the industrial method, otherwise cracks cannot be avoided. If wood is used, then it must be treated with appropriate paints and varnishes.

Ready kits: what's special?

If you have no idea how to make a staircase with your own hands, choose from ready-made designs, since modern manufacturers offer a wide range of design solutions. As a rule, collapsible systems are easy to assemble, while they are created on the basis of taking into account all standards and sizes. This solution will allow you to save money, because in this case you do not have to spend money on installation. The main thing in this process is to make measurements correctly. Measure the height of the structure (from the flight of stairs to the floor), its width and length. You also need to decide on the type of stairs and the material from which it will be made. Ready-made kits are distinguished by a variety of both construction and design, so choose them wisely.

Self-assembly

Wood is the most popular material in construction, so we will tell you how to make a wooden staircase. First, we determine the geometry of the stairway. The spiral model looks good in the opening in the form of a circle, and the usual mid-flight stairs can be made rectangular or square. To structural elements any model include:

Marching span, that is, steps that go in a straight line.
Turntable that divides long spans into parts.
Riser - represent the vertical part of the rack steps.
Kosour is a monolithic beam made of wood or metal that fixes the steps.
The steps themselves, which are located horizontally.
Balusters, that is, supporting elements for railings.
A side beam called a bowstring - it connects the steps.
Winder steps are elements that allow you to give the structure a turn.
The frieze steps are the lower and upper steps of each floor.

Before you make a ladder, be sure to study it design features as well as building codes. They say that any design should be safe and comfortable. Steps should be wide enough to make climbing comfortable and safe. All these points must be reflected in the project.

Making the right calculations

The manufacture of stairs is a responsible process, depending on competent calculations. For them to be correct, you need to determine the number of marches, the height and width of the entire structure as a whole and the steps in particular. Remember, the wider the ladder, the more convenient and safer it is. We determine the height of the structure as follows: we attach a straight board to the top of the terrace so that it overlaps the space allotted under the stairs with a margin. We check the horizontalness of the board with a level, if necessary, correct it.

Then we calculate the angle of inclination - it is on it that safe and comfortable movement depends. Most convenient option- 30-45 degrees, moreover, this design saves space. To make a staircase to the second floor, you need to calculate the height of the riser. The best option is a height of 14-17 cm with a width of steps of 34-37 cm. The step should protrude by 2-4 cm, while all elements in width and height should be the same. Before placing them, you should consider attaching the stringer to the terrace. We prepare bars, boards that will be needed for installation, stainless steel fasteners, as well as handrails, railings and balusters. After all calculations are made, you can proceed with the installation.

How to make a staircase in the house with your own hands?

We take a square and a pattern, measure the pieces of material we need. Next, we cut the steps and risers, taking into account, again, the dimensions. As for the choice of material, it all depends on what architectural solution completed the whole house. For example, in a wooden cottage you can make a staircase from pine, larch, or you can diversify the interior with a metal or glass structure.

To create a bowstring, we take a beam of sufficient thickness, draw saw lines on it, after which we carefully and evenly cut the workpiece. To avoid distortion of the steps, it is important to observe the accuracy of the dimensions.

To make balusters, we take 50x50 bars, and beautiful railings will be obtained from a block house. Before you make a staircase with your own hands, we prepare necessary tools. Installation is carried out in several stages:

We install the support pole, mount the risers. The structure is fastened with self-tapping screws or liquid nails. We adjust the turning steps to it - we get the frame of the future staircase.
We mark the location of the stringers on the wall and make adjustments if they are required. With a hacksaw and a circular saw, notches under the steps are cut.
We fasten the kosour to the wall with self-tapping screws, and close the open part of the stairs with a bowstring.
In a standard march, the support of the steps may fall on the bowstrings, or it may be attached to the beams under the steps.
All steps are connected to the stringer, while supporting bars are used to fasten the structure - they are placed under the stairs at an equal distance from each other.
The ladder is assembled from the marking of the steps as indicated in the drawings. First, we put one element on the stringers and check how evenly it stands up. In accordance with it, we mount the remaining steps.
We fasten balusters, railings, decorative elements to the structure.

A wooden staircase, if it is properly executed, is reliable and durable. At the same time, in order to achieve protection against insects or other negative influences, the tree still needs to be treated with special compounds.

How to care?

If the stone staircase is good in itself and does not require additional processing, then the wooden structure will have to be worked on. It can be painted and varnished so that the staircase lasts longer and more reliably. The whole process can be divided into three stages. First, we prepare the surface for painting, that is, we putty it with special mixtures for wood. After the putty layer has dried, you can start sanding to make the wood even and smooth. When the surface is ready for further processing, proceed to the coating. To do this, we correctly choose the composition: alkyd and urethane materials are best suited for wood, which can be used to paint flights of stairs.

If you wish, you can cover the surface with stain - this will give it a certain color and texture, and also protect the tree from negative influences. The mentioned liquid can be combined with varnish, while saving on compositions is not worth it. Ideally, the design is varnished in three layers.

Metal stairs: what's the secret?

Ladders metal are functional elements with which help it is possible to issue an interior of the house. Most often they are bought ready-made and assembled directly at the facility, and the main advantage of these structures is the ability to make the interior of the room modern and stylish. However, having certain knowledge and being able to work with welding machine, you can make a metal frame with your own hands. The easiest option is to make a marching staircase based on a channel and corners. Channels are needed for welding the frame, to the side faces of which the corners are welded. Steps to the frame are attached in two ways:

They just lay on the corner. As a result, it is not visible.
Sections of the elements that form the frame are welded to the corners - this is where the steps are placed.

Can be used instead of a channel profile pipe, which is more stable and rigid, and therefore will not vibrate and sag under load. To create steps, you can use sheet iron, and remove the resulting burrs with a file.

Whatever design of stairs you choose, the main thing is to calculate everything correctly. This will affect the ultimate reliability and durability of each ladder system.