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Do-it-yourself installation of a wooden flight of stairs. Advantages, production and installation of wooden stairs. Ladder design calculations

Is it possible, in principle, to install a ladder made of natural wood with your own hands? Many people ask this question. For some, the assembly process itself is interesting, while others believe that self-assembly will allow them to better control the quality of work and save on hiring professional assemblers. In this article, we will try to understand the intricacies of the installation wooden stairs, find out what difficulties may arise during the construction of ladder structures.

Design choice

The sequence of installation work largely depends on the type of ladder structure. When choosing one or another version of the design, it is necessary to take into account the area and configuration of the room in which it will be located. Also, the staircase should fit into the surrounding interior, not look too bulky, not stand out too much and harmoniously complement the design of the room. To simplify the task, consider the two most common types of structures:

Marching modifications, consisting of one or more spans, can be equipped with winder steps and intermediate platform. Marches can be placed at an arbitrary angle in relation to each other.
Stairs of spiral type. In these designs, the steps form a kind of spiral around the central axis. As a result, the staircase is much more compact and visually more interesting. However, its manufacture requires the utmost accuracy of measurements, and it is not as convenient to use it as a conventional mid-flight ladder.

The composition of any staircase design includes a certain set of functional and decorative elements that form a single whole. Before proceeding to the practical part, we recommend that you study the names of the components of the stairs and their purpose.

Preparing to install stairs with your own hands

At the initial stage, you need to take care of the arrangement of the staircase. It is located between two ceiling beams. There are cases when adjacent beams are too close to ensure the optimal span width, one of the beams is sawn out, and the opening is placed between two side beams, combining them with a beam with the same section as the beams.

To install the stairs, it is necessary to install load-bearing beams, which will take on the bulk of the structure. Recommendations for fixing load-bearing elements:

Beams must be carefully fixed at both ends. Suitable as a base flooring, ceiling beams and platforms (during the construction of multi-level modifications);
For fasteners, you can use bolts, anchors and metal corners, whose dimensions are selected individually. When installing a stringer in the lower base, an additional support bar is often used;
The seats intended for the installation of steps must be checked with a level in order to prevent discrepancies in the horizontal plane;
Supports located at the bottom are fixed at the same distance with tie bolts to ensure a stable distance between the bearing elements after they are loaded.

In the case of mid-flight stairs, the spans are assembled separately, which somewhat facilitates the work. Next, the finished marches are mounted on pre-installed load-bearing beams.
When erecting a screw modification, each step is sequentially adjusted in the place allotted for it, aligned with the neighboring steps and walls.

Installation of steps and risers:

When installing stairs on a stringer, they begin with the installation of risers, on which horizontal treads are placed. As fasteners, ordinary self-tapping screws are used;
Instead of self-tapping screws, tongues and tenon grooves are also used - they are less noticeable and do not spoil appearance. This method of fastening requires pre-drilling holes, then the connection is fixed with wood glue;
If the bowstring performs the functions of the supporting element, the steps are placed in the grooves allocated for them, lubricated with adhesive, and fixed to the support bars with self-tapping screws.

Installation of stair railing:

Each span is equipped with two support pillars (at the beginning and end of the march);
Balusters are installed in the interval between the pillars at the same distance. They are attached to bowstrings or treads with bolts, or dowels lubricated with glue are used;
Installed balusters are cut off at a height of about 1 meter in a straight line running parallel to the slope line of the flight of stairs;
The installation of the fence is completed by the installation of handrails, in which a groove is made for connection with balusters.

Construction details are polished, visible defects are eliminated, the surface is covered with a layer of paint or varnish. We recommend painting the stair elements before final assembly.

Use of prefabricated staircases

Self-manufacturing of all the details of the stairs requires accurate measurements and experience with wood. The task is greatly simplified if you buy a ready-made set of ladder parts that are pre-fitted to each other at the factory. You only need to choose a model that is suitable in size and prepare the room for installation work.

Since ready-made designs are mass-produced, their cost is lower than custom-made ones. Complete with the main parts, the manufacturer provides a complete set of fittings and decorative elements, as well as instructions with all assembly steps. Thus, by assembling a ladder made of wood with your own hands, you can save money, but it should be borne in mind that ready-made options are not always combined with the dimensions and style of the room - in this case, we recommend ordering the manufacture of stairs according to an individual project.

Also on sale are kits consisting of several sections that differ in the number of steps. They can be combined with each other in different ways, as a result, assembling a staircase that is most suitable for the size of the room.

Conclusion

Wood remains the most popular material in the production of staircases. It has a natural beauty and a beneficial effect on the microclimate in the house. However, it is worth considering in advance that the installation process will require patience and attention to detail from you.

in a multi-storey building and mansard house the staircase is a necessary attribute of architecture for connecting rooms located on neighboring floors. Also useful in two-story townhouses or cottages. It is necessary that it provides convenience and safety, competently fits into the interior of the house. If you do not follow the necessary rules or neglect the mathematical calculations, the stairs will be built crookedly, and you will need to spend a large amount of money to redo everything. Required building codes must be followed.

Modular stairs will not require you to spend a lot of money. You are only required to assemble the product from finished parts, doing all necessary instructions supplier. There are kits that provide the manufacture of spiral or mid-flight stairs. A complete set of fasteners and necessary structures is included. If you are a novice builder or are building a wooden staircase for the first time, then no one will advise you to make a spiral version.

With limited space in the apartment, it is better to entrust the matter to professional builders. Installers will do everything for you in accordance with GOSTs and SNiPs.

Or you can opt for a flatter look. Installing a gently sloping vehicle on the second floor will require a lot of space. But it will be convenient to go up and down. With a small space in your house, you need to make a two-flight staircase. The staircase should be at least 1 meter wide so that you can bring large furniture and large appliances into the house.

It is beyond the power of a beginner to repair even the simplest staircase on his own. However, if you have already made one or more staircases according to the instructions above, you can try a more difficult task: creating a spiral staircase with your own hands.

Installation: do-it-yourself wooden stairs

First of all, you need to design a staircase. Errors at the stage of planning and preparation of building materials are the cause of failures in subsequent stages. We propose to make stairs with risers so that the structure holds firmly. It is best to make a ladder structure using stringers.

The following elements must be the correct size:

Stairs:
Tilt angle;
Step width.

We determine the height of the stairs, for this we fix the horizontal board as the beginning of the structure. After adjusting the board, measure the height of the stairs. To prevent the level from hanging in the air, it must be fixed with tape to the board. Suitable option will be if the angle of inclination is no more than 37 degrees. A steepness of 45° will be inconvenient for descent. And if the angle of inclination is less than 30 °, then it will be dangerous to walk up the stairs. The width of the step is taken according to the average length of the human foot. And the height is chosen from the calculation of the height a simple step. Riser can be made from any softwood.

Handmade production and installation of wooden stairs

For the manufacture of stringers, we take pine boards 40 mm wide. Kosoura - the main part of the stairs, which, when walking, accounts for most of the entire load. Let's draw a pattern in accordance with the designed steps. After that, the markings are applied to the boards and electric jigsaw teeth are cut out. All elements must be symmetrical.

Therefore, having made one kosour, you use it as a template for making others. The more supporting structures, the better. Therefore, it is desirable to have four stringers.

When you have cut them all out, processed them with a planer, you must attach the stringers.

If necessary, dismantle anything that may be an obstacle to fixing to the wall or floor. At the very bottom of the stairs there will be a beam. In it, make several recesses for stringers, or cut corners for fastening in stringers. On the ceiling, it is also necessary to securely fasten the stringers. The first kosour is attached directly to the wall. The support bars on the floor and on the ceiling must be properly fixed. The stronger the better. Stringers should be parallel to each other. Next, you can take steps.

Installation of a wooden staircase to the second floor

You can buy ready-made steps (or treads, the same thing) and risers at a hardware store. Take a price list, choose products from high-quality and inexpensive material. You can, as an option, cut it yourself or entrust the installers.

The standard step must have certain standards and match the width of the staircase under construction between the two stringers. That is, the width should be 30cm, the length should be in the range of 80-120cm, and the thickness should be 3-4cm.

Now you can assemble the stairs. It is necessary that the risers have good strength, be protected from moisture. The blanks must be attached to the stringers with self-tapping screws and nails. They all need to be fixed. Then you can attach the treads with nails and self-tapping screws so that the hats are deep in the wood and do not protrude.

How to fix the stair post and baluster

To ensure the strength of the stairs and fences of the structure, poles are placed for support. Often a tree does not guarantee against column cracks, sometimes it is subject to deformation. Therefore, if you make stair pillars with your own hands, you will need two straight boards that need to be glued together. Usually a standard part is used as a pole, which is made on a machine.

The base of the pillar should be of such a size that handrails are attached to the so-called square. The pole for the support must have the following standards: height size 1000 - 13000mm, and cross-sectional size from 70 × 70mm to 120 × 120mm. It is advisable to buy poles and handrails in the store.

At the extreme parts of the steps, markings are made where balusters and poles for support will be installed. Holes are drilled next. After that, dowels are inserted into them, which protrude by about 15 mm. Further, holes are made in the balusters with a drill. Pillars are installed at the beginning and end of the stairs. The bases of the balusters are lubricated with glue and mounted on the dowels. Balusters are placed in a vertical position parallel to each other. We are waiting for the glue to dry.

After that, railings are made. The edges must be cut at an angle. The railing is glued to the balusters, then it is necessary to fasten it from below with a thin self-tapping screw. The support pole at the bottom is installed last. At the end, varnish is applied to the wood. We can use paint to make the stairs dark brown.

Quick repair of wooden stairs: conclusion

Watch the repair video again. You can always entrust the work to the builders. They will help you to repair if suddenly something went wrong. Mistakes should not be made, because an incorrectly repaired staircase can lead to injuries. And in the manufacture of stairs with the help of builders, in case of injury due to the collapse of the structure, you can go to court.

Even if you did everything right, and the builders helped you, any thing needs repair. Wooden stairs included. The need to get rid of the old varnish will bring little trouble. But sometimes you need to completely update the steps. You can remove them and install new ones. If you decide to renovate a staircase, then you should take into account factors such as the degree of wear and tear and material possibilities.

Aluminum edges are useful to get rid of uneven steps.

One-piece profiles are hard to use, which you yourself will not do. Split profile makes installation easy.

Installation of a wooden staircase(video)

If your steps begin to creak, most likely the joining parts are moving. This may be due to increased humidity in the house. There are also phenomena such as the flow of the roof of the house and not only. Between two rubbing surfaces it is necessary to lay an elastic mass on the inside of the stairs. In any case, you do it yourself or with outside help, contact the installers for help.

Good luck with your repair!

Before you carry out the installation of a wooden staircase with your own hands, you need to carry out a series of preparatory work aimed at processing all its components. This is the use of antiseptics as protection against infections and fungal infections, drying oil, varnish or paint to give the structure an aesthetic appearance and, of course, thorough drying.

Before you install the ladder, you should prepare and process all parts and details.

Experts advise before assembling the ladder in final version, to pre-assemble the parts that have not yet been processed. After you make sure that the design of the stairs is accurate and correct, all parts are securely fixed in place and do not require adjustment, you can perform paint work.

The device of a wooden staircase on stringers.

After drying all the prepared parts and assembling the stairs, you will surely be satisfied with the result, as you took care of the quality even at the pre-assembly stage. Of course, there are situations when a final assembly is possible immediately, but it is recommended to do this only when the design of the stairs is of a professional nature and compliance with all dimensions is guaranteed. In this case, in the event of small inconsistencies, it is possible to fit already processed parts, having previously protected them from possible damage with masking tape.

Usually installation work for the installation of a wooden staircase include processing (the use of tinting compounds, paint or varnish), installation of a frame structure, fixing it, installing steps, fences, and so on. What affects the cost of the entire procedure? The amount usually depends on how complex the shape of the staircase is, as well as its installation, the number of steps available, the material used, the design of the railings (handrails) and some other nuances. After evaluating your financial capabilities, you can either rely on a company that specializes in installing stairs, or do the work yourself in whole or in part.

Required Tools

Types of wooden stairs.

As for the tool, it is:

roulette;
jigsaw;
pencil;
level;
grinder;
screwdriver;
lacing and others.

Independent work on the installation of stairs: what to pay special attention to?

Doing this work with your own hands, one should not forget that it is necessary to strictly comply with a number of requirements stipulated by GOST. It concerns specifications the angle of inclination of the ladder structure, the recommended values for which are at least 26 °, but not more than 45 °. As for the height of the steps, they must be at least 12 cm and not more than 20. And finally, the parameters recommended for flights of stairs. This is the number of steps in one march: the minimum value is 3, the maximum is 18.

The width of the march can be different, but not less than 80 cm.

Types of fasteners stairs to the foundation.

In addition to the values \u200b\u200bgiven above, there are a number of other mandatory requirements that relate to the installation of a wooden staircase with your own hands.

And now consider the information regarding the technology of installing a wooden staircase.

First, you need to make sure that the floor and floors are of high strength in the place where your staircase will be located. Assessing this factor, it is necessary to take into account the possible loads that may appear during the installation of the stairs. This is a mandatory requirement, since very large weight loads can lead to damage (and in the worst case, destruction) of the support structures.

What can influence the occurrence of such a situation? First, a very heavy ladder. Secondly, an incorrectly assembled structure or a small number of reference points. Thirdly, poor-quality fastening of parts or the use of defective materials when constructing a floor or ceiling. There are a number of other factors that can affect the damage to the future structure.

It is in connection with this that the preliminary stage of the installation of the stairs is carried out, which includes the determination of a reliable place for its location and the support points of the entire structure. All if necessary weak spots must be carefully strengthened using transverse and longitudinal beams. To provide additional support for the stairs, you can use a special pole that will take on most of the load.

Installation of a wooden staircase: work order

To make it easier for non-professional craftsmen to navigate the stages of installing a wooden staircase, you can use the following information, which describes the order of work and provides a brief description of them.

Types of railing fasteners.

First determine the place for the stairs and choose its appearance. As original version if there is enough space, you can equip the stairs in the center of the room. It, in addition to its immediate functions, will also serve as an interior decoration. If there is not much space, then it is better to use more modest, compact options.
Next, the marches and other necessary details are calculated, a project is made, an estimate is drawn up, necessary materials etc.
At the next stage, you need to prepare the beams, mark the future steps. Then carry out preparatory work concerning the processing of steps and risers.
You can now assemble flights of stairs and fix them, as well as connect them to risers and steps. At the same time, do not forget that you need to adjust all the details to each other very carefully and carefully, achieving an almost perfect result.
The next step involves the installation of an intermediate platform. For this purpose, they usually use wooden shield. As mentioned above, its width must correspond to a value equal to the width flight of stairs.
Next, you can install and fasten the flights of stairs to the floor. To do this, use a cross beam. Fixing to the ceiling is carried out using anchors or bolts.
It's time to install the stair railing. To fix the balusters and racks of an intermediate nature, grooved joints are used or metal studs are used. At the same stage, pillars are installed, fixing them with anchors to the wall of a capital nature.
The following procedure involves the installation and fastening of the railing.

And in conclusion, the staircase is equipped with decorative elements, if they are, of course, provided, and is also covered with another 1 layer of varnish or paint.

normal, correct installation do-it-yourself wooden stairs require compliance with the basic rules for the installation of the structure and the accurate calculation of the parameters of the stairs. All this is laid down during the design period, which takes into account not only the wishes of the customer, but also the location of the stairs, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, and structural moments.

The choice of design is always made on the basis of the calculation of space, convenience of location, configuration, angle of inclination, and for aesthetic reasons.

Types of stairs for the home

In principle, there are several types of staircases that are installed in different buildings, however, for a private low-rise construction the most suitable are:

Screw.
Marching.

Marching stairs can be single-flight, two-flight and multi-flight.

Moreover, in relation to independent work according to the manufacture and installation, it is the marching option that looks most preferable, on the basis of which you can consider the whole process of arranging stairs in your own home.

It is worth saying a few words about the screw version. First of all, this design is interesting in that it allows you to install a staircase to the second floor even with extremely limited space.

Of course, such a staircase design can be very beautiful and bring its own “zest” to the design of the room, but it is worth remembering that choosing a screw version, you can greatly lose functionality. Spiral metal stairs are not intended for normal communication between floors, subject to raising furniture or household appliances.

marching stairs

But the mid-flight version of the stairs is great for self-manufacturing and installations. A march is a flight of stairs, which consists of steps and platforms that separate marches.

If the staircase is just straight and single-flight, then the entire structure consists of supporting beams and steps, and this type can be taken as an example to show how the instructions for calculating and assembling, installing the stairs work.

But first, it is worth determining which elements will require installation:

Kosour. This is a support, load-bearing beam on which the steps of the span rest.
Bowstring. This is also a support beam, but unlike the kosour, here the steps are brought into special grooves, and the fastening takes place along the ends of the degrees.

Important! The calculations will have to be based on the presence of a wall, which can be another support element, thus eliminating the need for two support beams.

Steps. These are wooden beams, boards, which consist, if the design requires it, of tread and riser.
Railings, fences. These are wooden balusters and handrails. This element is never standard sizes, since they are performed strictly at will in any form.

Calculation

step height

Step by step it looks like this:

The height is measured from the finishing floor of the first floor, then the finishing floor of the second. For example, a height of 300 cm is used and the thickness of the interfloor overlap with the floor is 35 cm. It turns out 335 cm.
The average riser height is taken. It is taken into account that the height range ranges from 15 to 20 cm, this is the most biomechanically comfortable height. In the calculation example - 17 cm.
The formula is as follows: steps are equal to the height of the stairs divided by the height of the riser. That is - 335/17 \u003d 19.7, that is, 20 steps.

Since installing a ladder with your own hands requires rounding all the values by steps, they are rounded up, so you get 20 steps.

In order for all steps to be exactly in size, another simple calculation is made, the height of the stairs is divided by the number of steps: 335/20 \u003d 16.75 cm. This is exactly the final size of the step.

Tread Width

In the construction of stairs, it is believed that the most suitable tread width is in the range from 22 cm to 40 cm. Such a wide spread in numbers is due to simple moment, it is always necessary to take into account the anthropometric data of the people who will live in the house and use the structure before installing a wooden staircase.

In addition, the extreme points of the calculations indicate that a smaller width will cause problems when descending a march, and with a greater width than 40 cm, the step may go astray.

To bring theoretical reasoning into the plane practical application, several basic formulas and parameters are used:

a is the riser height.
b - tread width.

Simple formulas are used for calculations:

2a + b = 64 cm;

a + b = 47 cm;

For example, it looks like this - 47 cm - 16.75 cm = 30.25 cm, this is the width of the tread. In principle, the ideal value that is suitable for any person.

Ladder width

The width of the flight of stairs is quite strictly regulated, however, this applies to multi-storey construction, but in a private house, the instructions for installing the stairs do not contain mandatory requirements for this parameter.

Important! As a rule, talking about the functionality of a flight of stairs refers to bringing furniture to the second floor, especially large-sized ones. It is with this that the use of the optimal width indicated above in the calculations is connected.

Ladder length

tread width - 30.25 cm.
number of steps - 20 pieces.

The calculation formula here is as follows - the length of the stairs will be the width of the tread multiplied by the number of steps, or 30.25 * 19 \u003d 574.75 meters, or 5 meters and 75 cm.

Important! Multiplication is made by 19 steps, because the last one is the floor of the second level of the house

clearance height

The beginning of the flight of stairs, as a rule, falls under the ceiling, and thus, the free space for a person who climbs the stairs is reduced.

Therefore, the installation of a staircase in a house always involves, at the design stage, calculating the height from the highest point of the step to the ceiling. The minimum dimensions should be 195-200 cm.

Support beam length

Here we use the calculation according to the Pythagorean theorem. And it turns out that the length of the stringer is equal to the length of the stairs2 + the height of the stairs2.

In the example, this is 5752 + 3352 = 665.4697. The value is rounded up with a margin, and it turns out that the length of the support beam should be 670 cm.

Material

Naturally, the installation of wooden stairs will require the purchase of a certain material. The following proposals look like the most optimal material options:

For stringers, you need to buy a bar with a section of 50 * 250 mm, and you can use a minimum width of 150 mm, but only if the design allows.
For risers, a board of 25 mm is used.
For tread, a board with a section of 30-40 mm is excellent.
Handrails, fences are bought ready-made.

Installation

Now that everything has been calculated and the material has been purchased, you can proceed directly to the installation of the stairs.

Step by step it looks like this:

The kosour is cut to the specified dimensions. The best way to do this is with a jigsaw.
Next, the support beams are marked under the steps. On the construction square, the parameters of the rise and tread are marked.
The marking is transferred with a pencil to the inner surface of the beams.
All unnecessary parts of the beam are cut off.

Important! There may not always be two stringers, depending on the width and length of the march, a third may be required, however, the principles of marking and sawing off remain unchanged.

Further, the stringers must be sanded, the installation of stairs in private houses necessarily involves careful sanding of the wood surface. If necessary, the design can be processed with a milling manual machine.

The next step is the fastening of the stringers. At the bottom and at the top they are interconnected by a beam. For this, the stringers are cut along the edges by a quarter. After that, fastening occurs, for which steel anchor bolts are used.

If the stairs are designed close to one of the walls, the support beam can and should be connected to the wall with anchors.

Important! Before the final installation, it is necessary to check the stringers for the location on a horizontal level, otherwise the steps may go downhill.

After you can proceed to the installation of steps.

Ready-made sizes are used here, according to them the board is sawn off and sanded. First, do-it-yourself risers are installed. They are attached to the support beam with self-tapping screws on the front side.
Behind the riser is the installation of treads. Here everything is exactly the same as before, only milling machine the protruding edge is processed. After the step is placed on the cut surfaces and fastened with self-tapping screws.

Important! To prevent the heads of the self-tapping screws from being visible, the screws are driven deep into the wood, and the hole is puttied with a special wood putty.

Depending on whether the railing is supposed to be on the stairs, balusters and railings are installed. As a rule, 100 x 8 mm studs are used here.

Conclusion

Independent, it is also savings, regardless of how much it costs to install an attic staircase, or an interfloor one, you can safely add another 30-50% to the price of the material, this will be the cost of installation by builders.

Besides, self-installation, with all the formulas and calculations, is a completely simple process, and in the presented video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

The need for stairs can arise for various reasons, from the construction country house“hand-made” before its expansion, or during redevelopment and any changes in a suburban cottage, when rebuilding a house inherited, equipment, and so on.

There are any number of reasons for having a new staircase, up to the simple desire to have beautiful new steps leading up.

But, before you install a ladder that you like visually, you need to find out what they are and how, in addition to design and materials, they differ.

Types of stairs in the house

In addition to the separation by purpose, for example, they will lead to the basement or to the attic, and materials, the stairs still differ structurally:

straight lines - marching and on the bolts;
screw;
with rotation and combined;
folding.

Modular are both with screw and with direct construction. Modular, that is, consisting of separate modules, stairs can be made of any material and represent any type, except folding.

Building such a staircase on your own is much easier than any other, in addition, the module system allows you to change the steps that have become unusable without affecting the entire structure. This is the main difference between the modular variety and the rest.

In private construction, wooden modular stair sections are more in demand, both straight and with lapels. Screw, although they are good for everyone, they are less often built on their own, although they are not particularly difficult.

In relation to attics, “garret” ones, that is, folding stairs, are in the lead. However, before deciding to install this option, you need to think carefully, because if in the future there is a possibility of arranging an attic, such a staircase will no longer work.

As for iron or concrete ones, their arrangement requires special skills and, of course, equipment, at least welding machine. Therefore, home stairs made of wood are the most popular and optimal, in addition, the use of this material allows you to choose any structural type.

Folding ladders are very convenient for installation in the attic

screw

Although they are inconvenient, they are ergonomic and beautiful. Basically, such structures are intended for places lacking space for a “normal” staircase, however, the choice of design for “cogs” is so diverse that it is worth at least considering the possibility of installing them.

In modular "screws" you can use different shapes - from round to triangular, different materials for the base and steps - from the board to ceramics and glass. Such an abundance of opportunities allow them to become a highlight of any interior.

Direct

"March" - a straight section of the staircase, consisting of several modules, if such structures are involved, of course.

Stairs "marches" are the most convenient for raising and lowering, but other than that, they are the easiest to build. Even a beginner who has no experience in such work will cope with the installation of "marches".

The design, called “on the bolts”, implies fastening the step sheets directly to the wall. There are no special nuances and difficulties in the installation, except that you will have to use a large number of various metal “spare parts”, fasteners, and all kinds of details.

It will not work to build it “from scratch”, but there are quite a lot of such ladders already equipped with everything you need in construction and interior stores - you just need to choose the appropriate size and appearance, purchase and assemble it like a simple designer.

Many doubt the reliability of such a “floating” ladder, however, the minimally similar (simplest) design will withstand a load of more than a thousand kilograms, the relevant information is in the accompanying instructions attached to each kit with parts.

With a twist

These are the same marching ones, with the only difference that the canvases are placed with a turn, at an angle with respect to each other.

For a device of this kind, not only modules with steps will be needed, but also the arrangement of intermediate "spans" (platforms). Depending on how many sections will “turn”, they are called two-march, three-march, and so on.

folding

"Clamshells" are used to climb to attics, the simplest example of them is an ordinary two- or three-knee, screwed to the hatch. There are a lot of similar homemade products in the houses of summer cottages.

Ladder is folded as you like. Among the kits ready for self-assembly, there are folding options, and retractable, and folding ones. They are united by one thing - the stairs completely go into attic hatch, that is, it hides behind the hatch and is outside only when it is opened.

How to install a wooden ladder

Whatever type of staircase is chosen, it will be composed:

Steps.

Without exaggeration, the most important part for the stair section. In turn, it consists of - soles and treads. Tread is what people step on, the “working” surface of the step itself.

The most "correct" width convenient for a person is from 30 cm, respectively, for the staircase itself - from 90 cm.

Insole - a vertical that holds the surface of the foot. In the construction of the simplest "classics" - within 15-20 cm in height.

If an ergonomic spiral staircase is being built, then you need to take into account that the treads will be different, the optimal combination is 45 cm for the outer “board” and 25 cm for the inner one.

Supports.

The beams that carry the entire load on the stairs are called support beams and are divided into the following elements: bowstring, kosour, pole.

Pillar - if a spiral staircase is being built, and in the rest - a kosour and a bowstring.

The kosour is a massive “serious” beam with triangular cutouts for the steps, but the bowstring has round ones made from the inside.

Railing.

Although they are perceived as a decorative part, in fact they are a full-fledged component that provides convenience and safety.

They consist of a pair of elements - balusters and handrails. Baluster - a protective element that closes the handrail from above.

In general, this is all you need to know before you start wooden staircase installation.

Any construction begins with the development of a project, even if it is a schematic drawing made on the wall. country house, it will still be what is called a project.

It includes all the numbers, angle, tilt or turn data, and all other "engineering" information. Of course, if we are talking about the construction of a fundamental, in a full-fledged mansion, then even if you want to do everything completely on your own, the calculations and development of the project must be entrusted to those who are engaged in this professionally.

But in a small private building or in a house in a dacha community, it is quite possible to calculate everything. The first is to decide on the place where the future staircase will be located.

Absolutely everything always depends on the place - what type it will be, height and width, from what material (or a combination of them) and, in general, how much materials, fasteners and funds will be spent on its construction.

The process itself, the set of actions how to install stairs to the second floor(simple, marching), will consist of the following:

you need to start with “production”, rise and tread - for them, you should cut the boards according to measurements and sand them;
next in line are the supports, they also need to be cut strictly according to the measurements, having previously marked the bars, while it is imperative to observe the angle (slope) of the cutout with the future grooves of the steps, it is not worth rushing to make a support;
as soon as the supporting elements are sawn out, they need to be installed and fixed in place, after which the steps are “imposed”, starting, of course, with the steps;
after the steps with the supports are fixed, you can proceed with the installation of the balusters concluding the work and closing them with handrails.

Usually beginners in the construction business are baffled by the question of how to install balusters on stairs. It is easy to do this - with bolts or self-tapping screws, and then close the attachment points with plugs, sometimes they put balusters on glue, but only if they are very light and carry an exclusively decorative load.

What is needed for installation

To make and install stairs in the house, you will need:

“holding” bars, dense from “reliable” wood species, approximately 40X40 in saw cut, and the length depends on personal needs;
boards, their dimensions and thickness, are also dictated by individual moments;
bars for risers and supports;
balusters, handrails - it is possible in the form of material, or you can buy already turned, ready-made;
self-tapping screws and other necessary fasteners, for example, corners or brackets;
wood glue;
, screwdriver, hammer, planer, Sander and large sandpaper and other tools;
protective equipment - gloves, goggles and so on.

When choosing a tree, you need to inspect everything - the presence of scrapes, knots, curves or other defects for what is intended for the stairs is unacceptable.

How to install a modular ladder

There are almost no differences in the installation process with a wooden classic homemade staircase. By purchasing a ready-made or custom-made design, on your own install a modular ladder it will not be difficult, you just need to follow the instructions attached to the kit with the components.

The main features that distinguish working with modules, in addition to the fact that you do not have to make components manually, are the assembly methods, the connection of elements:

module to module - assembled with screws using various plates and corners, you will need a good flat screwdriver, the “pitch width” is not adjustable, you don’t have to try to do it;
threaded studs, a set of many different fasteners, pins, studs and other elements, it is quite difficult to work, it will take a lot of attention and accuracy, and, of course, a complete set of tools;
a combination of clamps and bolts, this cannot be considered fully modular, however, it is mounted extremely simply, you only need a screwdriver, self-tapping screws are usually already included in the kit.

From the point of view of operational aspects, it is important to remember that such stairs can only be paired with thick, durable walls, at least 30 cm thick and a floor or in the form of a concrete slab, or with wood reinforced with additional beams.

The procedure is similar to a conventional wooden staircase created independently - it all starts with supports and ends with a railing.

How to install an attic ladder

Enough for sale various options finished, hiding behind manhole covers, products. They are divided according to how they are formed:

scissor type - made of metal and moved apart like books or;
telescopic type - also "iron", all sections fit into each other, just like nesting dolls;
folding - the principle, as with attached multi-knee stepladders, they are made of both metals and wood;
automatic, the extension mechanism drives an electric drive.

They are sold both without a box and directly with a hatch, and with them. With the fact how to install an attic ladder, anyone can do it.

The main points to pay attention to are:

the hatch box should be smaller around the perimeter than the hole, but not more than 1-3 cm;
to fix it so that the box “fits in”, you need to use such “helpers” as rough “auxiliary” boards, in order to support it, which are then removed;
it’s easier for two to do the job, if one person mounts, then he should have alternative access to the attic, for example, a ladder attached outside.

The work will require:

screwdriver;
self-tapping screws, solid strong "bolts";
goniometer, a simple protractor will do;
a set of different screwdrivers;
"rough" boards and wedges.

A ladder that “jumps out” from the attic can be easily made on your own, for example, from an old three-knee stepladder.

How much does it cost to install a ladder by third-party workers

That, how much does it cost to install stairs, depends on various factors. The main pricing criteria are what type of stairs you will need to work with and what type of service is required, for example:

assembly of the finished “on the march” (10-14 steps) - from 30,000 rubles;
install a railing on the stairs including balusters - from 21,500 rubles;
provide a staircase (only one march) on a turnkey basis, together with material and direct manufacturing - from 54,000 rubles;
assembly (without “deliveries-transportations”) of a finished (from the store) staircase with 2 spans - from 42,500 rubles.

Installation of "screws" is calculated only "in place", individually.

The cost of the work is quite noticeable, so it makes sense to purchase a ready-made “constructor” in the store and assemble everything yourself, or completely manufacture it.