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What are the stairs - all types inside and outside your home. Types of stairs for private houses: what are the options for design and classification Steps for assembling winder steps

Very often country houses have several floors. In such cases, a ladder is simply necessary. The best option is to prepare a staircase before starting construction, in order to subsequently make openings between floors, based on its size and configuration. However, there is an even simpler and practical option- order a ladder, starting from the dimensions that builders use to build your country house.

In addition to functionality, the staircase also has an aesthetic value, giving the interior of the house completeness, attractiveness, and a special style. Stairs for private houses are divided into types according to various criteria: by design, by purpose, by functionality, by position, and so on.

The main components of stairs

Steps. They consist of a horizontal surface called a tread and a riser, a vertical element that provides additional support for the tread.
Bowstrings. This is the name of the beams that simultaneously support the stairs from the ends and from the bottom.
Kosoura. These are beams that support the steps from below. The number of stringers can be different, it depends on the design of the stairs.
supporting elements. These components are racks and bolts. The rack is the main load-bearing part in a spiral staircase. Bolts are special bolts mounted in the wall, on which the stair steps are attached.
Railing. Railings, as well as other fences, are an important detail, although often they are not installed at the request of the owner. Enclosing elements can also be made in the form of racks, rods, handrails. If you decide to install a railing, then balusters can give a special attraction to the stairs. These vertical elements are not only functional, but also give aesthetics and beauty. Balusters can be made from different materials, the choice of which depends entirely on the style of the stairs and the surrounding interior. It can be bronze, brass, cast iron, marble, wood.

Stairs for private houses are of three main types: mid-flight, spiral (spiral) and designs on the bolts.

Marching stairs

The steps and beams assembled together, which are a continuous row, are a flight of stairs. The number of marches, as well as the availability of landings, depends on the height of the interfloor space and the desired design of the staircase as a whole. By design, they are divided into single-march, double-march and multi-march. A marching staircase is the most common option for a private house. Due to the consideration of the biomechanics of movements, the descent and ascent of such a ladder is not a problem. This ladder is best suited for rooms with sufficient space.

Staircase size. To understand whether it is possible to install such a staircase in the hallway, as well as in a particular room, you should calculate the dimensions of the stairs, measuring them with the dimensions of the space. This is done as follows: first of all, the height of the wall, which will have a ladder, and the length of the floor are measured. After that, a triangle with a right angle is drawn, where the wall and floor are the legs, and the staircase is the hypotenuse. The angle at which the ladder will be located in relation to the floor should ideally be 45 degrees. The width of the stairs depends on the characteristics of the room and the wishes of the owner.

Nuances about flights of stairs

When arranging a flight of stairs, it is recommended to make marches of no more than 10 steps for easier climbing.
If a required amount steps, for example, is 20, then the best way out would be to make two marches of ten steps each, placing an intermediate platform between them.
The width of the platform is usually equal to the width of the flight of stairs, and the length must be a multiple of the step.
Such an arrangement of stairs will give it additional security, which is extremely important if there are elderly people or small children in the house.

Types of mid-flight stairs by layout

The choice of the type of flight staircase according to the layout depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe living space (room or hallway), the height between floors and, of course, on individual preferences. There are two main types: straight and rotary fixed stairs.

Straight ladder, as the name implies, is a single flight of stairs that connects two floors. This option is the most popular and simplest type of stairs for a private house. The main characteristics of such stairs are convenience and durability.

Turning stairs consists of two or more marches and is equipped with an intermediate platform. Even with the same step height as a straight staircase, the swivel design takes up much less space. Most often, such stairs are installed along the walls to save space, and they try to rationally use the space under them, equipping pantries, niches, utility rooms or just decorative cabinets and shelves there.

Turning stairs are divided into several types:

L-shaped staircase. It is also called a quarter-turn. Such a staircase connects two flights of stairs at a right angle (90 0);
U-shaped. This half-turn staircase consists of two flights of stairs connected by a platform. Such a platform can be called a storey if it is located at the floor level, or intermediate if it is located between floors. Marches are connected at an angle of 180 0.
3-section. This is a half-turn staircase, consisting of three flights, which are located at an angle of 90 0 to each other.
Trapezoidal. Such a staircase is different in that the angles at which the flights of stairs are connected to each other differ from a straight one. Trapezoidal stairs are often used in dwellings with a non-standard layout.
rounded. Such a staircase is also called a circular or curvilinear. Thanks to its unusual design, it looks great in any interior. For circular stairs, the rotation angle is 360 0 .
Combined. Such stairs combine various elements of two or more types. For example, from the first floor to the second, the staircase can be of a semicircular elegant shape, and the second floor can be connected to the third in a U-shape.

Choice of maximum suitable option stairs should depend not only on the personal preferences of the owner of a private house, but also on the design of the dwelling. Do not neglect the advice of experts.

Various designs of marching stairs

Closed and open stairs. Marching stairs are closed when they have steps with risers. Without risers, they are open-type structures.
Stringer construction. The kosour beam has a sawtooth shape. Steps are laid on top of it, and only then risers are installed on top. This type of stairs looks best made of wood. The overall style of the interior should also correspond to this material.
Stairs with bowstrings. They are more popular than string designs. The basis of such a staircase is a bowstring, an inclined load-bearing beam that runs along the entire length of the marches. She also closes the march ends. Most often, bowstrings are installed on overall stairs, the width of which can even exceed 2 meters. On the inside of the string there are wide grooves into which the steps are mounted. The thickness of the bowstring must be at least 6 cm.

Spiral (spiral) stairs

Spiral staircases are usually installed in rooms that do not have enough space to accommodate a straight staircase. The dimensions of the space that the spiral staircase will subsequently occupy can be calculated based on the size of the steps. The length of the steps on average ranges from 50 to 100 cm. Given the design of the stairs, you will need twice as much space, respectively, from 100 to 200 cm. Although such a staircase is not the most convenient option, however, its installation is a good solution for small rooms .

Very often, spiral staircases are installed not as main ones, but as auxiliary structures leading to the basement or attic. The shape of such stairs can be very different: square, octagonal, round, and so on.

Installation of a spiral staircase. Most often, such structures are made of metal or wood. But the rack for the stairs is most often metal. Around it are fastened steps, made in the form of wedges. Their narrow side is mounted to the rack, and the wide side they are attached to the balusters, railing post or directly to the wall. Most often, the steps of a spiral staircase do not have risers.

The subtleties of installing a spiral staircase

When using such a ladder, you need to be extremely careful and attentive, based on the design features.
For maximum safety and convenience, the center of the step should be at least 20-25 cm wide, and its widest part should preferably be no more than 40 cm.
They install spiral staircases as auxiliary structures with a small diameter opening for installation. The smaller the opening, the steeper the staircase, respectively.

Bolts stairs

Bolts are fasteners that are a pin or bolt. With the help of such pins, the steps and the railing of the stairs are attached to the wall. Or there is another option: the ladder is laid on steel rods, which are a support. Bolts fasten to a wall by means of rubber laying. Such a compact and lightweight ladder design is ideal for small spaces. Significant space savings are due to the fact that the steps are mounted exclusively to the wall. Stairs on the rails are currently very popular and in demand.

The subtleties of the stairs on the bolts

These stairs, although they seem light and airy from the outside, are actually able to withstand a weight of about 1500 kg. So the reliability and safety of the design is beyond doubt.
Due to its airy design, such a staircase does not prevent the penetration of light into the room, which visually makes it larger.
When installing such stairs, stringers and bowstrings are not used, however, railings or fences are required. An elegant railing will further emphasize the weightlessness and lightness of the stairs.

The choice of material for the manufacture of stairs

Stairs in private houses can be made of various materials. The main criterion influencing the choice is the strength of the material. Of greatest importance is the material from which the steps that receive the greatest load will be made. The steps should not be too susceptible to mechanical stress, including abrasion, not too susceptible to temperature changes, humidity, sunlight. Ease of maintenance of the stairs is equally important, so the steps must be resistant to household chemicals, which are used for cleaning and washing.

Step material:

Wood. In order for the life of the steps to be long, you should choose hardwood. Among the trees that have such wood, one can name teak, walnut, ash, wenge and others. Quite durable is the wood of beech, oak and maple. However, when making stairs from these rocks, you should remember some nuances.

Maple prone to yellowing and cracking.

Beech not suitable for rooms with high humidity and also prone to deformation.

Oak susceptible to oil, which can stain the wood.

Least suitable for the manufacture of wooden stairs pine. She has a very soft wood, it easily lends itself to any mechanical stress.

Stronger than pine larch, the advantage of which is resistance to decay. Wood cherries and pears resistant to mechanical damage and has medium strength characteristics.

Metal. Having decided to install a metal staircase in the house, you should pay attention to stainless steel. This is the most popular material, characterized by durability and strength. On average, a stainless steel staircase lasts 40 to 50 years. The main advantage of this material is corrosion resistance.

Chrome steel less durable. The average service life is 5 years.

painted steel is the least desirable option, as it is usable for only about 3 years.

Brass darkens very quickly, so stairs made of this metal lose their appearance within a short time.

Anodized aluminum it is not subject to corrosion, however it is quite soft, which makes it vulnerable to various damages.

A rock. The most popular are the stairs from granite or quartzite. These breeds natural stone have multiple advantages, the main among which are durability and a long service life of several hundred years.

Marble- a fairly soft rock. That is why after only 2-3 years marble steps are subject to abrasion.

Artificial stone on a concrete basis- An excellent option in terms of strength and durability.

Glass. Many people have recently installed stairs with glass steps, which are most suitable, for example, for high-tech or modern style. Step glass must be tempered or laminated. However, this does not prevent steps from being prone to damage when hitting the end, which cause cracks or scratches. Often used and acrylic glass which is more durable and lighter. But even it can turn yellow and scratch over time.

How to choose a staircase for your home?

Step 1. When drafting a country house, you should contact specialists who can advise where to place stairwells.

Step 2 Having studied the information about the types of stairs, you should choose the design (mid-flight, screw or on the bolts) that is most suitable for the possible space, interior style and individual preferences.

Step 3 Make sure that the stairs in your home are comfortable. The most preferred option is a marching staircase.

Step 5 And one of the main ones is a careful choice of a company that manufactures stairs. There are no trifles here, it is important to know what experience the company has, how long it has been on the market, what consumer reviews it deserves.

Ladder safety

Stair safety is one of the most important criteria.

To achieve an optimal result, it is necessary to correctly correlate the width of the step and the height of the lift, and the installation of the most dangerous steps is also important - the first and last. The recommended width of steps is 25-30 cm.
Steps should never be slippery or sloping.
If there are small children in the house, then when installing balusters or racks, make sure that the distance between them does not exceed 15 cm.
When installing a ladder, one should not forget about the need for a fence, of course, unless the ladder is located between two walls. The recommended height of railings or handrails should be about 80-85 cm.
The material from which the ladder is made must in no case be combustible. If you opted for a wooden staircase, then it should be treated with a special compound.
The bearing capacity of the stairs is also an important nuance. Stairs in residential buildings must withstand a load of 300 kg / m 2 steps.

The safety of the stairs also directly depends on the installation. First of all, it is important to remember the obligation to comply with all necessary norms. The railing of the stairs must be extremely strong, fasteners - no doubt.

The length of the stairs must necessarily correspond to the height of the floor. The angle of elevation of the stairs should ideally not exceed 45 degrees. The width of flights of stairs must be at least 80 cm and not more than 120 cm.

When carrying out installation, in no case should one neglect the necessary standards in fastening structures. In no case should you make a choice in favor of decorative elements, however, to the detriment of the necessary requirements.

Ladder installation

Before installation, it is necessary to determine the place where the ladder structure will be located. If you have already chosen the type and configuration of the stairs, the material from which it will be made, the height, width and design of the structure, then you can safely contact the manufacturer.

After the completion of the construction exterior and interior work, they begin to install the stairs. The dimensions of the openings are taken into account, supports are thought out, the location of the beams is calculated.

All safety measures must be followed without fail. Also carefully thought out ways to strengthen the ladder structure. After all the nuances are thought out, you can proceed directly to the installation. To achieve the best result, it is best to turn to experienced and qualified professionals.

In multi-storey buildings of private ownership, it is an indispensable part of the decoration. The staircase to the second floor of the house positions itself as main object in high-rise building, it carries an aesthetic and functional load. What are the stairs, we will analyze further ...

Straight flight stairs

Straight ladders are part of a multi-flight staircase, connected by interfloor platforms. Such stairs are comfortable for movement.

Direct flights of stairs exist closed (steps are made with risers) and open (when there are no risers).

L-shaped. Found in apartments, cottages. Typically, such stairs are mounted between two walls or adjoining one of the walls. The turning section of the L-shaped staircase can be with a platform with two or three winder steps (triangular, rotary), but a large number of steps on this segment leads to the fact that it will be difficult to climb, due to narrow treads.

U-shaped. They are installed in special shafts or ledges that connect the floors. Such stairs are very similar to marching ones, but still they differ in the way of turning, it is the same as in the L-shaped version (through winders)

Attention!

Following centuries-old traditions, the T-shaped staircases were covered with carpets, decorated with sculptures or other luxury items and awaited the start of some rituals, ceremonies or the arrival of important guests.

Without professional skills, this type of stairs cannot be erected, since its design is one of the most complex, so you can’t make a comfortable and elegant ladder with your own hands. Such construction is carried out by specially trained people, and the structures of the ladders are of the highest class.

Curved stairs are:

Circular (have only one center);
Curved (have several radii).

The load-bearing parts of any stairs (stringers) and railings are glued together on special stocks according to design drawings.

Spiral or spiral staircases

Such structures were created for those types of premises where it is impossible to install marching stairs.

The limited space, at this time, is not the main criterion for choosing such stairs. Spiral or spiral staircases often play a decorative rather than functional role in home decoration. This model can be characterized as follows - smooth lines, thoughtful lighting and concise combination of materials.

Good to know!

It is useful to know for those people whose house area does not allow the installation of other types of stairs: according to the instructions, the space allotted for a spiral staircase should be at least 130 × 130 cm. The diameter of the spiral model that is convenient for climbing should be no more than 200 cm.

These stairs are divided into types by design:

With load-bearing central pillar and winding steps;
With a central post and an external spiral bowstring;
With two main spiral bowstrings.

Before installing a spiral staircase, please note that such a staircase is not suitable for carrying large-sized interior items.

Bolts stairs

is a new fashion trend. Bolz with German language translated as a bolt or pin. The steps and handrails of such a ladder are mounted directly into the wall with the help of bolts or the structure is laid on steel supports.

Such flights of stairs will look good in houses or apartments where the interior is designed in the style of minimalism, modern or high-tech. Despite the appearance of lightness and weightlessness, the stairs on the rails are very durable and one step can withstand a weight of up to 1.5 tons.

When choosing a staircase for your home, consider all the necessary parameters such as wood material, installation methods and strength, and most importantly, convenience. There are a large number of varieties of stairs and you will find a model that is ideal for your home and family.

There are a huge number of options for arranging stairs in country houses. Not only the attractiveness of the premises, but also the safety of residents depends on their competent design.

Below are the details of the types of modern stairs, their standards and the rules for drawing up an individual project.

Features and security requirements

Stairs for a private house can be marching, spiral or combined. Design options are chosen based on the features of the layout of the rooms, the total area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment and the height of the ceiling in the cottage.

Before installation, you must familiarize yourself with the design features of each type:

marching stairs. The design is easy to install and long service life. The flight of stairs consists of several marches. March - a fragment of a rectangular shape, with steps attached to it. The number of steps in each such fragment should not exceed twenty.
Spiral staircase. The design includes a support rod, to which steps are attached in a spiral. Modern options do not exceed one meter in width. This design allows you to place a spiral staircase in small spaces.
Combined ladder. The building combines both of these options. The structure is built according to a unique design.

Before purchasing one or another option, you must familiarize yourself with the requirements for dimensions prescribed in normative documents RF.

The depth, width of the march and the height of the steps are selected based on the features of the layout of the room. At the first stages of drawing up an individual drawing, it is necessary to take into account the height between the floor and the ceiling of the first floor. It is important to fix on the plan the placement of walls and doorways . The peculiarity of the layout of the room and its area also play a leading role in the selection of the model.

The height between the steps of the stairs must be the same throughout the length of the structure.. A change in this indicator can adversely affect the comfort during descents and ascents. The dimensions of the landing should be similar to the width of the step. The length of each fragment should not vary from one and a half to those meters.

The size of each depends on the total number of steps. individual part. The span length also dictates the width of the object. The linear size of the structure is determined by its throughput. For each person, the width of the stairs should be up to 0.7 meters.

Comfortable ascent and descent of the stairs depends on the height of the step. This indicator should fall in the range from 12 to 20 centimeters. The depth of the step on average should reach 28–30 centimeters.

Each indicator requires an individual calculation based on the dimensions of the room. pre-measured internal walls, doorways. The total number of residents of the house and the frequency of use of this staircase are taken into account. The design dimensions are largely determined by the functional area in which the system will be installed.

The angle of inclination of each step must ensure unhindered movement of a person. The final value of the angle is determined from the ratio of the height of the march and the width of the step.

As the slope increases, the dimensions of the stairs decrease. Such a design can take up much less space than a similar design, but with a smaller angle of inclination. A slope of more than forty degrees can make stairs a challenge for some family members.. An inclination angle of less than twenty-three degrees allows the replacement of steps with a ramp.

Before installing the stairs, you must also calculate the dimensions of the railing. It is customary to determine the height of the handrail above the level of the step, its length and width. Count and record the number of support posts. The recommended railing width is 100 millimeters.. This size is optimal for adult use.

Comfortable handrail height - 900 millimeters. The height of the baluster in this case reaches 800 millimeters. It is important to first familiarize yourself with the methods of attaching the handrail. If balusters are installed in special grooves, then the design height of the railing should be increased. To the design value of the height of the baluster, it is necessary to add the depth of the groove.

The height of the support column depends on how it is mounted. The length of the structure installed on the tread corresponds to the dimensions of the baluster. The railing must completely cover the length of the flight of stairs.. Some craftsmen choose handrails slightly larger than the spans. Crossbars can be of any complex configuration - to create a complex design device.

Types and main structural elements

The main types of staircase designs for private houses were listed earlier. The marching model remains the most popular option today. The steps of this object are located evenly and combined into straight marches. Long spans require a large area in the room. The main advantage of a marching ladder is the ease of descending and ascending it.

Each flight of stairs has no more than fifteen steps. Their minimum value for one span is 3. The standard staircase has 8–11 stepsbetween which platforms are mounted. Its dimensions are a multiple of the average step. Failure to comply with these standards leads to a violation of comfort when using the stairs.

Marching systems are open and closed. In the stairs of the second type, the steps are installed on the risers. If there is not enough space for the location of the stairs, then the masters advise using the open option. Details are fixed on stringers and bowstrings. Mounting elements are made of boards with a thickness of 45 to 70 millimeters.

Stairs more than 9 steps must be divided by a platform. This will provide the structure with the necessary stability.

If one span is displaced relative to the second, forming a turn, then the craftsmen call the design a turntable. Instead of a platform, steps can be arranged at the turning point. They are called runaways.

Depending on the number of displacements, the models are divided into four-turn, half-turn and circular. Rotation angle of the first type - 90 degrees. Such unusual options are arranged on the border of two walls perpendicular to each other. Half-turn deviate from the horizontal by 180 degrees. Circular stairs are the most original among the listed options. The marches of such a system sequentially rotate 360 degrees. A semi-circular staircase requires less space compared to a four-turn counterpart.

Bolts stairs - original variants for a bold design solution. Bolzen means bolt in German. Each step of this design is fixed with a long pin with threaded ends. The bolt connects the step and the fence, attaches them to the wall. The design on the bolts looks lightweight. It can be freed from risers. Such a mount allows you to stretch the ladder in one area and compress it in another. The system looks fragile, but it is reliable and durable. Bolts can withstand several hundred kilograms. Every year such designs become more and more popular.

It is not customary to calculate the ladder on the bolts on your own. It is much easier and more profitable to purchase ready-made kits. When installing, it is important to understand that the entire load falls on the wall. The base material must be strong. Fixing the ladder is difficult to do on your own - it is better to seek help from professionals. Before buying, it is necessary to evaluate the possibilities of load-bearing walls.

The spiral staircase takes up less space than any other model. This option is perfect for installation in small spaces. The model can be either high or low. Thanks to its unusual shape, it can be made the center of the composition. This design should not be attached to the wall. so it can be placed anywhere in the room.

Standard scheme spiral staircase - a rack with wedge-shaped steps. The rack performs a supporting function, so it is made of metal or durable wood. Its base is fixed on the floor of the first floor, and also fixed in the interfloor ceiling.. On the narrow side, steps are attached to the brackets. Pillars and railings are installed on the steps along the wide side. The shape of the railing follows the contour of the span.

The downside of this model is the difficulty of lifting, lowering and moving the load up the steps. It will be difficult to lower a piece of furniture that is too massive down such a ladder. The floor opening for such a system must be large.

Reducing the opening leads to a narrowing of the stairs and an increase in its steepness. The angle of rotation of such a design is inversely proportional to the comfort of moving along it.

A spiral staircase is easy to design on your own. To do this, you need to measure the area in the room where the stairs will be located. The center of the opening is the place where the rack is to be installed. Next, a measurement is made from the rack to the far edge of future steps. The resulting dimension is the width of the flight of stairs. It is equal to the length of the step. The middle of the step must be at least 200 millimeters, and its broadened part can vary from 400 to 420 millimeters.

Such a design can be assembled independently. The ability to work with a tree and knowledge of the algorithm for calculating loads is important. In the absence of these skills, work should be entrusted to the masters. Errors in calculations and installation technology can lead to serious consequences.

Popular materials

Stairs for a country house are made of wood, metal and reinforced concrete. Materials must withstand a load of 150 kg. Some ladders must withstand an increased load of 250 kilograms.

Most available material on the modern market- wood. This material is perfect for those who want to assemble a staircase with their own hands. The tree is easy to work with, so beautiful unique designs are most often made from it. Coniferous wood has the lowest price. But such material shrinks over time: the steps begin to stagger, and the coating creaks.

The advantage of a wooden staircase is that it is practically not associated with walls. This allows you to repair and dismantle the structure without interfering with the structure of the room. In this case, there is no need to arrange a major overhaul.

High density hardwood products can last 100 to 300 years. Such wood is carefully dried and treated for pests, which significantly increases the price of the material. The cost of long-length hardwood lumber is several times higher than that of softwood counterparts.

Hardwood is susceptible to fungus. At self-manufacturing such material, it must be impregnated with a composition from pests.

Masters are advised to choose stairs from coniferous trees in some cases:

Staircase to the attic. The advantage should be given to folding and retractable structures. The climatic conditions of the attic increase the life of coniferous wood. Such stairs can last up to 100 years.
Stairs to the attic or to the one and a half floor. The lower temperatures of these rooms increase the operational life of the wood.
Mezzanine. This design can be treated with an emulsion with polymers. Subsequent painting or varnishing will protect the wood from drying out. Ladders to the mezzanine are produced small-sized, so changing them in case of destruction is not very difficult.

Modern design technologies allow you to print templates for a future wooden structure. Creating such patterns does not take much time. The configuration and shape of parts can be quite unusual. You can take a ready-made project or develop your own. The price of such solutions is affordable. Such programs help save time and design the best option for small rooms.

It is important to understand that design requirements in the program - average indicators according to SNiP or DIN. The program for creating a structure uses the same parameters for all projects.

When creating your own project, experts recommend making a verification calculation under the guidance of a specialist.

Among the advantages of wooden structures are the following:

Plastic. Thanks to this quality of wood, any decorative detail can be carved from the material. Wood products are distinguished by their versatility and complexity of design.
light weight. Wood structures are easy to install and do not require complex fasteners.
Environmental friendliness. Wooden stairs are suitable for connoisseurs of natural materials.

Another common material for making stairs is metal. Most often, this material is combined with others. Metal is suitable for creating a frame structure. The decorative finish of the metal skeleton can be any: wood or polymers.

Combined construction - steel frame with wooden steps. The cost of such stairs is 65 percent more than that of a monolithic wooden one. The metal skeleton is able to withstand heavy loads for a long service life. Wooden panels can be detached and replaced as needed. The system does not require major repairs.

Monolithic metal constructions rarely used in everyday life. They do not have an aesthetic appearance, but it can be decorated with linoleum, corrugated rubber or carpeting. The steel structure is fixed on the floor slabs with anchor bolts.

The surface of metal steps must be completely or partially covered with corrugated material so that the coating is not slippery.

Concrete and reinforced concrete stairs – distinguishing feature typical mass construction. The structure is cast and brought to the site ready-made. The ladder is mounted simultaneously with the remaining elements of the prefabricated structure.

In country houses, two types of stairs are erected: monolithic concrete and combined with metal. In the second case, a steel frame is pre-assembled, which is subsequently poured with concrete. Reinforcement is placed in the steps. The construction process of such a structure is quite laborious than that of a steel system.

The concrete mass for the ebb of the stairs must be resistant to bending. The solution cannot be kneaded with a hand mixer - you must use a concrete mixer. Only such a technique will make it possible to obtain a homogeneous composition in a short time.

The composition of concrete includes one part of cement with a strength of 400, two parts of fine sand, two parts of marble chips, 0.7 parts of water and a plasticizer - 0.01 parts.

The advantage of the composition is increased plasticity and the ability to withstand a variety of finishes. Concrete does not work well in tension, so to prevent the appearance of fatigue cracks in the coating, it is necessary to lay reinforcement.

AT modern interiors you can find stairs made of glass. This material is fragile, therefore it is unconventional in construction. Strength factor glass construction increases using triplex technology: layer-by-layer bonding of glass layers. The resulting material is additionally processed with polymers, which significantly increases the strength of the product.

Additional reinforcement is produced when the reinforcing layer is installed. A step made of impact-resistant glass can weigh about fifteen kilograms. The cost of such a design is also not small. In addition to the cost of consumables, the cost of processing the material must be included in the receipt.

Staircase made of natural stone materials usually massive. The stone is durable and high term services. Such a staircase can only be arranged in spacious apartments. Steps are made of stone. Railings, balusters and decorative elements are made of wood and metal.

To reduce the cost of such a design, elements that are not load-bearing are replaced with artificial materials.

Styles

Stair construction installed at the very end of the repair. This object is quite large, so it requires additional decoration. The staircase is an additional structural element of the room. The design of the stairs depends on the stylistic decision of the room in which the structure is located. Style defines the shape, appearance and appearance of an object.

Historical styles have not lost their relevance today. The main goal of this design is to create an image of a certain era through facing materials and furniture. Each historical style has traditional materials: stone, metal and wood. Important simple shapes. Among the historical styles in the interior of a country house, the following can be distinguished interesting options:

Roman style

The stairs are spiral or L-shaped. The design is made of durable wood, painted in warm shades. Traditional colors are light. The crossbeams are streamlined, mostly made of dark wood. Less commonly, metal is used to create handrails. Balusters are decorated with carvings. The staircase is decorated with a carpet with the appropriate ornament.

Gothic

A bizarre black spiral staircase is the highlight of this design trend. Metal, stone and natural wood are chosen as materials. The steps are not covered. The railings are decorated with voluminous floral patterns.

Renaissance

Classic stairs in this style are structures with a platform and large hardwood handrails. The crossbars are decorated with a symmetrical pattern.

It is customary to decorate any Renaissance staircase with a carpet.

Baroque

Baroque structures are made only of wood. Railings and balusters are decorated by hand. This style is suitable for wealthy residents.

Classicism

The staircase has only one flight, winder steps are mounted on both sides. The structure is made of stone or wood. The classic does not need excessive decoration of balusters.

Modern

Country

Japanese

Modern styles differ from historical ones in their conciseness. Widely used modern materials: steel, glass.

The device of such stairs is simple, and the cost of construction is affordable. Among the current trends, the most striking are:

Constructivism

A staircase with a platform made of stone or concrete is decorated with wood. The shape of the structure is strict, mostly square. The railings repeat the clear forms of the steps, and the balusters are not decorated.

High tech

High-tech style requires maximum space savings. The advantage is given to the modular ladder with fastening on the bolts. Railings are simple. Steps can be made of any material that suits the interior in terms of color.

Minimalism

Single-flight staircase of simple straight shape. Steps can protrude from the wall, the base and supports are removed. Small stairs may not have railings. In interfloor stairs, handrails are small crossbars.

Kitsch

This style creates the brightest interiors. Stairs can be cumbersome. Complex designs, an abundance of decor and bright colors are welcome. The red staircase will be the color accent in the room.

Ready-made solutions: pros and cons

To make a staircase for a country house in accordance with the standards is a complex process that requires a reserve of time and effort. Masters recommend purchasing a ready-made version. But the question of choosing a competent manufacturer has its own subtleties.

Before choosing a finished product, it is necessary to study the exhibition sample. Inspection requires the connection of parts: at the junction there should be no gaps, cracks or chips. The quality of grinding and finishing is checked. Visually assess the dimensions and appearance products.

The object should fit the room in size, not look bulky. Style should not conflict with interior design.

You should not order a ladder from a company whose catalog does not contain similar models. th. As a rule, each organization produces a design according to a certain technological option. Companies rarely deviate from the usual scheme, so the final product may differ from the expectations of buyers.

Modular stairs have become very popular.. They are a ready-made structure that you need to install yourself. Thanks to the collapsible system, such a staircase can be built into any interior. During installation, the shape of the stairs can be changed, adjusting to the characteristics of the room.

The bearing parts of the stairs are made of durable materials: stainless or structural steel. The metal is coated on top with polymers. The steps are made of wood, but you can also purchase Italian stone and porcelain stoneware counterparts.

The advantage of such ladders is the ease of assembly. Depending on the complexity of the design, modular stairs vary in price category. Most budget options are a design with a mounting type "module to module". Easy to assemble design is mounted very quickly: the metal tubes of the modules are inserted into each other. Among the minuses of such a model, one can single out the presence of a backlash between the blocks. Also, with prolonged use, the modules begin to move away from each other, the structure sags.

Modules with a threaded connection type have a higher cost. The structures do not sag during operation, but the fixing bolts can unwind. For safety reasons, the condition of the module joints must be checked regularly.

The most expensive options have a complex assembly method. The structure cannot be connected without the help of a specialist. The work of the master will require additional payment. The advantage of such ladders is high reliability.

During the installation process, you can independently adjust the pitch of the steps. It is important to ensure that the design is not too steep.

Making a project for a finished modular staircase is very simple. To do this, you need to know the height of the room and determine the step size. According to the given values, the required number of modules is selected. Another plus of the finished model is that it does not require designing during the construction of the building. Convenient design can be installed at any stage of construction.

Repair of this design is simple: the stairs can be dismantled at any time. It is important to understand that to the manufacture of a modular system put forward uniform requirements. The design of such a staircase is simple and the same for each model. The design cannot be additionally decorated with ornaments or carvings.

The main advantage of the modular ladder - affordable price. This system saves money and time. Self installation design allows you to reduce the cost of the work of the master. The ladder is also small in size, so it is suitable for a device in small rooms. The modules are great for decorating a room in the style of minimalism and hi-tech.

Custom: advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of purchasing stairs to order is the almost complete absence of manual labor. Saving time for the manufacture and installation of the structure. All calculations and drafting of the project are carried out by the masters, but their work must be controlled. Buying such a ladder will be much more expensive than self-assembly and installation.

Before choosing a ladder, you need to consider some points:

Construction dimensions. It is important to be aware of exactly how much space the ladder will occupy. It is necessary to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling, estimate the width of the opening.
Frequency of use. On how intensively the ladder will be used, its material depends. For a residential home big family it is better to opt for steel and stone materials. The stairs in the summer country house can be made of wood.
Mounting types. The installation method depends on the type of load-bearing structures and the staircase model.
Interior style. The design should be part of the design idea. Before buying a staircase, you need to draw up a color scheme for the future room with a detailed study of the elements.

When contacting a company, you must first familiarize yourself with its work. The name of the company is better to choose well-known. Elite ladders, as a rule, are produced by eminent companies. The price of the finished product with installation depends on the choice of the company by the client.

It's important to know that the company must enter into an agreement. This procedure is mandatory and will save both parties from incompetent work. Next, you need to draw up a complete design of the stairs. This material is included in the contract. The main part should include detailed drawing . All dimensions are recorded on paper: the width of the passage, the number of steps and their dimensions.

Further, all the characteristics of the future design are prescribed. Stair type, design of each structural element. Specifies the color palette of the product. In some cases, you can specify the manufacturer of paints and varnishes and individual marking of the shade. As a savings, paint can be purchased independently and provided to the company.

The contract must specify all the terms of the work performed. Enter the date of commencement and completion of construction.

During the preliminary acceptance of works, it is necessary to check the quality of the work. Surfaces must be carefully sanded. It is necessary to check the dimensions of the structure. Experts advise measuring the product with a tape measure. If the product is in the manufacturer's workshop, then some inaccuracies can still be corrected.

It is important to pay attention to the accuracy of manufacturing parts. There should be no gaps between adjacent elements.. Details must be attached to special tenon grooves. If the technology is broken, then the entire load will act on the screws. In this case, the ladder will not last long.

During the preliminary control it is necessary to test the ladder for load. The client must climb several steps and evaluate the quality of the work. The design should not creak during ascent and descent. If you are afraid of climbing the upper steps, you can ask the masters to do it.

Quality finishing works checked after installing the stairs in the house. During acceptance, only constructive can be evaluated. If a defect is found, the company must be informed about it. The inconsistencies must be corrected. If it is necessary to drill additional holes in the stairs, for example, for conducting electricity, then this should be reported to the workshop. Otherwise, builders will have to drill the finished structure during installation.

Basic calculations

When designing a staircase, three principles must be followed:

The height of each step must be the same. The error should be less than 0.5 cm. Altitude violations can result in injury.
Stairs can only be installed between rooms with the same microclimate. The temperature regime affects the state of the structure. Uneven cooling and heating of the product will lead to destruction. This can negatively affect the bearing capacity of the house.
After the calculation, it is necessary to draw a drawing with all meanings and details. The plan is drawn to scale. The sketch is necessary for production control and installation work at every stage.

The total area under the stairs is calculated as the total floor area under the stairs on the upper and lower floors. The height of the passage is a normalized indicator equal to 185 centimeters. Masters advise increasing the value to a range of 195 to 200 centimeters. The lower edge of the upper opening can be slightly beveled.

The width of the passage is taken from 1200 millimeters if the staircase is located between floors. This dimension for the sleeping floor can be taken equal to 900 millimeters. For mezzanines or special stairs, the passage can be from 700 millimeters.

The distance from the step to the handrail is 800-900 millimeters. However, this value can be changed depending on the height of the residents of the house. If there is a child in the family, then the distance between the balusters is made no more than 100 millimeters. For adult families, the figure can be increased to 170 mm.

Masters advise to make the lower railing of the stairs solid - this will increase safety.

In the calculation of steps, the most important part is the determination of the dimensions of one panel. The optimal slope of the stairs should be 32 degrees. The ratio of the height of the step to the value of its tread should be equal to the tangent of the slope. The slope can be determined through the length of the structure. The step height can vary from 140 to 180 millimeters. The length of the tread can be about 280 millimeters.

The peculiarity of spiral staircases is that the angle of divergence of the steps is always less than sixty degrees. A good solution would be to reduce it to 20 degrees. Radial stairs are calculated through the remainder of the total rise height.

There are two ways to save stair space without violating the design features of the system. The first is called "Russian planning". The ladder is placed in a large corridor, turning one march relative to the other by 180 degrees.

The ladder can also be placed on the veranda, shifting the marches by 90 degrees. The first block of such a system is much larger in length and height. Under the platform of such stairs, you can place a bathroom or boiler room. Under the stairs arrange a descent to the basement.

The second way to save space is called the "Spanish layout". The country house is made one and a half storey. The bedroom is located on the mezzanine floor above the built-in garage space, shifting it to the side by 1 meter. The resulting room can be divided into two. One-and-a-half-story layout allows you to reduce the length of the stairs. AT this case the design can turn out to be single-march.

The attic stairs do not take up a large area. If you want to hide it, the structure is fixed on the rail. This allows you to fold the structure and slide it behind pieces of furniture. Sliding ladders for the attic are widely used- the structure is pulled out when opening the door in the ceiling.

Project creation and installation stages

Before you carry out the installation of the stairs, you must select the location of its placement. Based on the area and dimensions of the room, a calculation is made and a drawing is drawn up. It is necessary to fix the dimensions of the future staircase, the number of spans, design and material of manufacture. Next, the stairs are made separately from the rest of the repair. You can install the structure after finishing finishing work.

The linear dimensions of the stairway and the position of the stairs are taken into account when drawing up a general plan for the repair of premises. According to preliminary calculations, experts cut through the opening, mark the location of the railings and beams. The strengthening of the stairs is thought out in advance.

It is necessary to draw up a drawing of the stairs in accordance with safety regulations. Be sure to put on the plan enclosing structural elements.

The installation method of the stairs should be optimal for the selected room. Professionals advise choosing metal fasteners: the system will not creak during operation. When the stairs are moved away from the walls, the object is attached from above and below. After the complete drying of the facing materials on the walls and floor, you can proceed with the installation of the stairs. It is better to entrust the work to professionals, because unstable steps can lead to serious injuries.

Mounting a spiral staircase is several times more difficult than assembling a marching or bolt structure. Steps must be placed at clear angles with equal distances.. Steps can be cut from wooden blocks. To do this, a rectangular board is marked diagonally and sawn. The edges of the resulting fragment are processed by rounding them.

Stone steps cannot be made by hand, they are ordered in workshops. To make steps out of concrete, you need to prepare a form. Reinforcement is laid in it, concrete is poured. The part can be removed after the composition has completely solidified.

To begin with, a vertical rack is installed - the main load-bearing element of the stairs. The element can be monolithic or typesetting. The second option involves the installation of a middle tube with a diameter of about 50 millimeters, on which steel rollers are alternately strung. Between each bushing it is necessary to lay a rubber calcination.

Holes must be cut in the monolithic rack. Steps are subsequently laid in these grooves. The fragments are strung one by one and fanned out. The steps are interconnected with special brackets. This approach will make the structure stronger. If the ladder is adjacent to the wall, then it can be additionally fixed with bolts.

Mid-flight stairs are a little easier to install than spiral ones. Do not forget that you cannot deviate from the calculations. Design features of the selected type of stairs, prescribed in the plan, allow you to regulate the work and monitor the quality of its implementation.

The manufacture of a marching staircase begins with marking the tread and risers on the original material. The tree is sawn, the edges of the fragments are processed. The surface must be smooth and even. Next, cut out the support beams. They mark the grooves and cut them out. Treads will be installed in the holes.

First install the landing. If it is not provided for in the project, then the installation begins with the fastening of the support beams. The collection of steps begins with the installation of risers and ends with the addition of treads. Fasteners in this case are self-tapping screws. When fixing wooden steps to a metal frame, the corners play the role of fasteners. They are welded to the base. The steps are fixed on the corners also with the help of self-tapping screws.

Bolt ladder installation is the easiest. This type of construction is the most advantageous, since dismantling is as simple as installation. The fixing points of the fastener are marked on the walls. Next, holes are drilled into which the bolts are placed. The installation of steps starts from the lowest. One side of it is attached to the wall, and a bolt is screwed to the second.

Fastening of balusters and installation of handrails is carried out after fixing all the steps. This sequence of work is also inherent in the system with marches.

It is much easier to install ready-made block structures than to assemble all the elements of the stairs yourself. But this method will be much more expensive.

Masters give some tips for installing stairs in a private house:

Stairs without intermediate supports look very interesting. It is important to understand that such a design requires a reinforced frame. If you do not take measures to strengthen the stairs, then during operation it starts to stagger.
The simplest and most reliable option is two direct marches and an intermediate platform.
The frame can be assembled in the process repair work. First, temporary steps are fixed to it. After the completion of finishing work, they are replaced by permanent ones.
To increase the functionality of the stairs, you can build shelves, a cabinet with drawers or niches into it. Lighting can be provided through the structure.
The optimal width of the stairs is 800 millimeters. This size is enough for two people to climb it at the same time.

Before designing, you need to familiarize yourself with some interesting design solutions. The ideas of the masters will help determine the style and design of the future stairs.

Elegant option

The use of bolts in the construction of stairs visually facilitates the design. The combination of wood and steel looks restrained and elegant. Thin crossbars make the design airy. This option is great for complementing the interior in a modern style.

Simplicity and clarity of forms do not weigh down the stairs. She literally floats in the air. Illumination is carried out between the steps: square-shaped lamps complete the image, fill the room with bright colors.

Spiral staircase

This design is distinguished by the complexity of forms and smooth lines. The steps practically do not take up space, but they look unusual and bold. The wooden staircase competently fits into the classic interior design. Despite the apparent tightness, the design allows people to move freely.

The noble dark colors of the stairs match the furnishing of the room. Each step is carpeted. This not only gives the object a zest, but also ensures the safety of the movement of residents: varnished wood is very slippery, this can lead to injuries.

Classic Solution

A standard staircase with two flights and a platform between them is the most convenient option. This model has an elegant design. Light treads in combination with a dark frame look lively and unusual. Wood goes well with the light finish of the room.

Even metal handrails look easy, do not clutter up the space. The structure is filled with air. A picture in a dark frame, hanging above the platform, complements the overall composition. The staircase is an accent in the room, but does not weigh it down.

Built-in wardrobe

A staircase with a built-in wardrobe is an excellent solution for a small space. Drawers help save usable space. The first step of this ladder is a small bedside table that can be moved if necessary.

The staircase, like the rest of the furniture, is made of wood. The owners appreciate the environmental friendliness of the material, so the structure was not painted. Wood retains its natural smell and texture. It is important to understand that the material is well treated from pests and moisture, varnished in several layers.

This design is suitable for houses with low temperatures - critical heating can lead to a fire.

Multi-span staircase

This design consists of several marches with a small number of steps. The middle span is suspended, a small chest of drawers is installed under it. Due to the large number of blocks, the viewer does not observe a sharp difference in heights. The staircase ascends smoothly to the second floor.

Massive dark wood handrails look unusual on thin white balusters. The color of the railing matches the shade of the steps, so the design looks like a single whole. The staircase looks massive, but the white color gives it lightness.

Combined design

The presented design combines a screw and marching system. This solution is unusual and bright. A spiral staircase is set on a small podium. This height difference complicates the perception of the system. Shapes with soft edges and smooth lines are very harmonious.

The color combination of the stairs is very nice. Dark brown turns to cream. The steps of the podium seem massive, but the treads on the spiral part of the stairs give the structure lightness. Balusters of an unusual shape make the image unusual.

complex texture

This design is distinguished by an unusual bas-relief on the treads. Bronze styling looks noble. Dark colors give the stairs restraint. Twisted handrails combined with intricate patterns on the steps complete the picture.

This solution is great for a baroque country mansion. The abundance of details gives a simple design splendor. The combination of metal and wood looks advantageous and rich. A nice advantage of such a ladder is that there is no need to cover the steps with rough material. The traditional spiral staircase with varnished wooden steps is very traumatic.

In modern suburban construction it has already become the norm to build houses on several floors, and to ensure free movement between floors in such houses, stairs are equipped. Simple at first glance, the design of a staircase in a private house, which any master can do, requires accurate calculations and an understanding of the mechanics of human walking. An error in calculations or when choosing the type of stairs and the material used can adversely affect the reliability of the design of the stairs as a whole, as well as the ease of use. Stairs in a private house fit into the usual interior very organically, which gives it great sophistication.

Having decided to build a staircase in a private house with your own hands, you must not only be able to handle the tool, but also have certain knowledge regarding the structural elements and types of stairs. For those who decide to make a staircase in a country house for the first time, the information presented in this article will be of great help.

Types of stairs for a private house

When making stairs in a private house on your own, it is vital to be familiar with one or another type of stairs, as well as their design and operational features. Today, the variety of types of this seemingly simple building structure, as well as the materials for its manufacture, can puzzle the master with a choice. But everything is not as scary as it might seem at first glance.

Stairs in a private house: photo

In suburban construction, three main types of stairs are equipped: spiral, mid-flight and on the rails. Each of these types can be built both inside and outside the house, and each of them can serve as an entrance, interfloor, working or walk-through staircase. As materials for the manufacture of such stairs, wood, metal, concrete, reinforced concrete, natural or artificial stone, plastic, glass, as well as their combinations are used. The choice of one or another material depends on the purpose of the stairs, the possible loads and the financial capabilities of the owners. In addition, the choice is influenced by strong and weak sides each type of stairs.

Spiral stairs

This type of stairs is most often used when there is a need for austerity of space and where it is simply impossible to equip a straight staircase. When using such stairs, you can forget about convenience, but this is offset by saving space. Often, such stairs are equipped for descending or ascending to the attic and basement. From an aesthetic point of view, spiral staircases look very impressive and, in addition, they can be round or made in the form of a polygon or square, which gives designers the opportunity to use them in their projects.

Today you can see spiral staircases in private houses made of metal with steps made of glass, plastic or wood, but usually they are completely made of metal, wood or stone. However, not everyone can afford a good stone spiral staircase. And the point here is not only the cost of materials, but also the complexity of the work.

Marching stairs

The most common type of stairs in private homes are mid-flight. The high popularity of mid-flight stairs is ensured by the simplicity of design and arrangement, as well as the fact that, in order to achieve maximum convenience during ascent and descent, the mechanics of human movement are taken into account in its design. The main disadvantage of mid-flight stairs is their need for a large free space, more than 3 m2. But you can save precious meters and install a mid-flight ladder. To do this, use the so-called rotary mid-flight stairs with intermediate platforms.

Mid-flight stairs in private homes are made of metal, wood, stone, concrete, plastic or glass, using only one type of material or combining them. Today, for reliability, concrete is used in the manufacture of mid-flight stairs. This approach is fully justified, since the material is affordable and cheap, and besides, it will last several decades. But wooden marching stairs in a private house, as they were popular earlier, continue to hold their positions. In many ways, the reason is that today there is a tendency to build houses from natural and environmentally friendly materials.

Bolts stairs

The name of these stairs comes from the German word Bolzen, which means "bolt". In fact, the steps of such a ladder are laid on a structure that is attached to the wall with pins or bolts embedded or screwed into the wall. The main advantages of such a ladder are compactness and economy in the use of materials. The peculiarity and disadvantage of this type of stairs is the mandatory presence of a solid stone wall on one side of the stairs.

In the design of the staircase, metal elements (bolts, rods, pipes) are used to create a frame and handrails, and wood, metal, glass, concrete or reinforced concrete are used for steps. Boltsevye stairs, despite their ostentatious fragility and lightness, can withstand very heavy loads. So, for example, bolted concrete stairs in private houses can withstand a load of up to 1500 kg, which, combined with a minimum number of additional structural elements, is very attractive.

The device of the stairs in a private house

The staircase, like any other building structure, consists of several basic elements, made separately and then interconnected. Depending on the type of staircase, certain elements may be absent in its design, but to create a staircase with your own hands, you need to have an idea about each. Knowledge structural elements, their purpose is especially necessary in order to design stairs in private homes.

steps

This element consists of two parts - treads and risers. The tread is a horizontal work surface. The size of the tread is chosen based on the convenience of placing the foot on it. But over the centuries, craftsmen have determined that the most convenient tread size is about 30 cm. The width of the stairs in a private house depends on the length of the tread and varies from 90 cm to 150 cm.

The riser is the vertical part of the step, and its height should be in the range of 15 - 20 cm. Sometimes, in order to get Beautiful design stairs in a private house, steps are made without a riser.

Important! For a classic spiral staircase, the width of the two ends of the step is different. So the widest is 45 cm, and the width of the central part should be about 25 cm.

support beams

The steps of the stairs are attached to the support beams. They are of three types: kosour, bowstring and pole. The first two types are used for mid-flight stairs, but the pillar is used in the arrangement of a spiral staircase.

The kosour is a wooden beam with a thickness of 50 mm or more with triangular cutouts for steps. The bowstring is also a wooden beam with a thickness of more than 50 mm, but unlike the stringer, cutouts are made only under the treads on the inside of the beam. A pillar for a spiral staircase can be made of metal, wood or stone; steps will be attached to it.

railing

This structural element provides safe movement on the stairs and consists of two parts: a handrail and balusters. Handrails are installed on top of the balusters or attached to the wall. Balusters are the supports of the railing and at the same time are the natural railing of the entire staircase. Handrails and balusters can be made from a variety of materials, from wood to plasticized PVC. It all depends on what design of stairs was chosen in a private house.

Important! A march is a part of a staircase, consisting of several steps and railings. Marches are called those parts of the stairs that are separated by landings.

Construction of stairs in a private house

Before you make a staircase in a private house, you need to develop a project. To do this, you can use one of the specialized computer programs, or you can contact a company whose specialists, for a fee, will perform all the calculations and make drawings. When designing stairs yourself, you need to remember a number of basic rules, requirements and design features various kinds stairs. This applies to the dimensions of the stairs, the angle of inclination and the place of their installation.

Location of stairs

The choice of the installation location of the stairs will largely affect its size, slope and appearance. But to make the stairs comfortable and reliable, you must consider the following simple rules. First, measure the area of the planned installation site, and if it is less than 3 m2, then a spiral staircase should be selected. Otherwise, you can opt for marching or bolt ladders. Secondly, straight flight stairs are the most convenient, but such stairs will be long, more than 4 m, and if it is not possible to install such a staircase, you can equip a rotary flight staircase. Thirdly, bolt ladders require the presence of a nearby bearing wall to which the steps will be attached.

Dimensions of stairs in a private house

When designing a staircase in a country house, in addition to the free space for the stairs, it is necessary to take into account the ease of movement along it. So it is customary to make the width of spiral staircases 100 cm. Of course, 150 cm is also possible, but then the area occupied by the stairs will increase. For mid-flight and bolt ladders, the width should be from 120 cm to 150 cm. This width is designed to move two people.

The length of a ladder is the sum of all its treads, from the first to the last. This applies to all types of stairs. For rotary, the landing is also taken into account.

With the height of the stairs, everything is much easier. It will be equal to the height from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the next floor. In this case, the last tread of the stairs should be flush with the floor, and the first one should be placed at the height of the riser.

The choice of the angle of inclination of stairs

An ideal angle is considered to be 45 °, but, unfortunately, it is not always possible to provide such an angle. Sometimes you have to make stairs at an angle of 55 ° or even more. In such cases, the ease of movement along it invariably decreases.

Important! The height of the riser, the width of the tread and the angle of inclination are interconnected. So with an increase in the angle of inclination, the height of the riser increases and the width of the tread decreases. And as the angle decreases, the riser decreases and the tread increases.

The table above shows the dimensions of the tread and riser, depending on which angle will be chosen for the designed staircase. As can be seen from the table, stairs with an angle of inclination from 30 ° to 45 ° are considered the most convenient.

Installation of a spiral staircase

Perhaps the assembly of spiral staircases is the most difficult in comparison with marching or bolt staircases. The reason for this is the fan arrangement of steps and the need for accurate calculations during installation. Those who decide to equip such a staircase must do the following:

First of all, we make the steps of the stairs. If it is wooden, then we take a wide rectangular board and mark it diagonally for one or two steps, after which we saw and round the edges. If the staircase is made of stone, then you will have to order stone processing for steps in a special workshop. You can make steps out of concrete. In this case, we make a form and place a reinforcing mesh in it, fill it with concrete and wait for it to dry completely;

Having prepared the steps, we install a vertical rack. It can be set or solid. It all depends on the design of the stairs. If the rack is type-setting, then the main pipe with a diameter of 50 mm is installed, the first sleeve and rubber calcination are strung on it. In the case of using a one-piece rack, after its installation, a groove is cut in the places where the steps are mounted, into which the step will be laid in the future;
Now set the steps. To do this, we take previously made blanks and string them on a thin pipe and press them on top with a wider sleeve, after which we spread the steps like a fan. To give strength to the entire structure, the steps are interconnected along the edges with the help of vertical brackets. They can also be fixed to the wall with bolts. For a one-piece rack, the steps are inserted into the cut grooves, interconnected by brackets and reinforced by mounting on the bolts;
it remains to make and install the railing. This is the most difficult stage of work, since the handrails must be made curvilinear, and the balusters must be machined from a single piece of material.

Installation of a marching staircase

The creation of this type of stairs is somewhat simpler in comparison with spiral ones, but in any case, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the calculations made earlier and monitor the quality of the work performed. Not only reliability, but also the appearance of the stairs depends on this. To install the flight ladder, you must do the following:

First of all, we make treads and risers. To do this, we mark the boards and saw them, after which we process the edges, making them even and smooth;
now we start creating support beams - stringers or bowstrings. To create a kosour from a wooden beam, you need to make a special template in the form of a right-angled triangle that fully corresponds to the size of the step. Applying this template to the beam, we mark the places for the cutout. Then carefully cut them out. To create bowstrings, on the inside of the beam at a certain distance, mark the places for the grooves into which we will insert the treads. The angle of inclination of the grooves must match the angle of inclination of the stairs. For metal stairs, it is most convenient to weld the corners under the steps from the inside;
having finished with the preparation of the support beams, we install them in place and fix them there. If the project provides for a landing, then we install it first, and then the support beams;
Next, we begin to mount the steps. To do this, first install the riser and fix it, and then tread. We use self-tapping screws as fasteners and flush them. For metal stairs, wooden treads are laid on the welded corners and fixed to them with self-tapping screws;
having completed with the installation of steps, we install balusters and handrails.

Bolt ladder installation

The indisputable advantage of the bolt ladders is their simple design, which also affects the ease of installation itself. The only difficulty during installation is to clearly and correctly mark the places on the wall for bolt mounting. To mount such a ladder, you will need the following:

purchase all the necessary fasteners, as well as purchase or make your own treads;
on the wall, mark the places for installing fasteners. Then drill holes and install bolts;
now it remains to set the steps. You should start from the bottom. From one end, the step is attached to the wall, and from the other, another bolt is installed under it;
having installed the last step, we proceed to the installation of balusters and handrails.

Creating a staircase in a private house with your own hands from purchased materials is not particularly difficult. The only thing I would like to note is the possibility of acquiring already finished stairs. Having decided to buy a staircase, you need to be prepared for the fact that the price for stairs in a private house starts from 1000 USD. and depends on the complexity of the design and the materials used.