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Almost any elevated object is not immune from lightning strikes.
Up to 16 million thunderstorms occur annually on the globe, i.e., about 44 thousand per day.

Thunderstorm activity over different parts of the earth's surface is not the same.

To calculate lightning protection measures, it is necessary to know a specific value that characterizes lightning activity in a given area. Such a value is the intensity of thunderstorm activity, which is usually determined by the number of thunderstorm hours or thunderstorm days per year, calculated as the arithmetic mean over a number of years of observations for a certain place on the earth's surface.

The intensity of thunderstorm activity in a given region of the earth's surface is also determined by the number of lightning strikes per year per 1 km2 of the earth's surface.

The number of hours of thunderstorm activity per year is taken from the official data from the local weather stations.

The relationship between thunderstorm activity and the average number of lightning strikes per km2 (n) is:

The average duration of thunderstorms for one thunderstorm day for the territory of the European part of Russia and Ukraine is 1.5–2 hours.

The average annual duration of thunderstorms for Moscow is 10-20 hours/year, the density of lightning strikes into the ground is 1/km2 per year - 2.0.

Maps of the average annual duration of thunderstorms

(PUE 7. Rules for the installation of electrical installations)

In European countries, the designer can easily obtain these statistics using an automated system for determining the location of a lightning strike. These systems are made up of a large number sensors located throughout Europe and forming a single control network.

Information from the sensors is sent to the control servers in real time and is available via the Internet using a special password.

According to available data, in areas with the number of thunderstorm hours per year π = 30 per 1 km2 of the earth's surface, on average, it is affected once every 2 years, i.e. the average number of lightning discharges in 1 km2 of the earth's surface for 1 thunderstorm hour is 0.067. These data make it possible to estimate the frequency of lightning strikes of various objects.

The expected number of lightning strikes per year for buildings and structures with a height of not more than 60 m, not equipped with lightning protection, having a constant height (Fig. 4a), is determined by the formula:

where:
S - width of the protected building (structure), m; L - length of the protected building (structure), m; hx is the height of the building along its sides, m;
n - the average number of lightning strikes per 1 km2 of the earth's surface per year in the area of building construction.

Note: for central Russia, you can take n = 5

The formula is given taking into account the fact that the number of lightning strikes of a building or structure is proportional to the area occupied not only by the building or structure itself, but also by the sum of the areas of projections of protective zones created by the edges and corners of the roof of the building or structure.

If parts of the building are not of the same height (Fig. 4b), then the protection zone created by the high-rise part can cover the rest of the building.

If the high-rise protection zone does not cover the entire building, it is necessary to take into account the part of the building that is outside the high-rise protection zone.

The radius of the protective action of the lightning rod is determined by the height of the mast and for a traditional system is approximately calculated by the formula:
R=1.732xh,
where h is the height from the highest point of the house to the peak of the lightning rod.

Fig.4. Protection zone created by structures

Rice. 4. Protection zone created by structures a - buildings with the same height; b - buildings with different heights.
The recommended formula makes it possible to quantify the probability of lightning damage to various structures located in a flat area with fairly homogeneous soil conditions.

The value of the parameter n included in the calculation formula may differ several times from the values given above.

In mountainous areas, most of the lightning discharges occur between clouds, so the value of n can be significantly smaller.

Regions where there are soil layers of high conductivity, as observations show, are selectively affected by lightning discharges, so the value of n in these regions may be significantly higher.

Areas with poorly conducting soils, in which extended metal communications are laid, can be selectively affected ( cable lines, metal pipelines).

Metal objects (towers, chimneys) rising above the ground are also selectively affected.

The density of lightning strikes to the ground, expressed in terms of the number of strikes per 1 km 2 of the earth's surface per year, is determined according to meteorological observations at the location of the object or is calculated by the formula.

When calculating the number of strikes by downward lightning, it is assumed that the towering object takes on discharges that, in its absence, would hit the earth's surface of a certain area (the so-called retraction surface). This area has the shape of a circle for a concentrated object (vertical pipe or tower) and the shape of a rectangle for an extended object.
The available statistics of damage to objects of different heights in areas with different duration of thunderstorms made it possible to determine the relationship between the contraction radius (ro) and the height of the object (hх); on average, it can be taken ro = 3hх.
The analysis shows that concentrated objects are affected by descending lightning up to 150 m high. Objects higher than 150 m by 90% are affected by ascending lightning.

In domestic standards, the height of the lightning rod and the protected object, under any circumstances, is measured from the ground level, and not from the roof of the structure, which guarantees a certain margin during design, which, unfortunately, is not quantified.

External lightning protection
The external lightning protection of the house is designed to intercept the lightning and divert it to the ground. Thus, the ingress of lightning into the building and its ignition is completely excluded.
Internal lightning protection
A building fire is not the only hazard in a thunderstorm. There is a danger of impact on devices electromagnetic field, which causes overvoltage in electrical networks. This can lead to turning off the alarm and light, disable equipment.
The installation of special surge voltage protection devices allows you to instantly respond to voltage fluctuations in the network and keep expensive equipment running.

The main types of lightning rod systems:

using 1 pin for the whole house, which, in turn, is divided into traditional (Franklin lightning rod) and with an ionizer;

using a system of pins interconnected (Faraday cage).

using a cable pulled over the protected structure.

Effects of lightning current

When lightning discharges into an object, the current has thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic effects.
Thermal effects of lightning current. The flow of lightning current through structures is associated with the release of heat. In this case, the lightning current can cause the down conductor to heat up to a melting or even evaporation temperature.
The cross section of the conductors must be selected in such a way that the danger of impermissible overheating is excluded.

The melting of the metal at the point of contact of the lightning channel can be significant if the lightning hits a sharp spire. When a lightning channel contacts a metal plane, melting occurs over a sufficiently large area, numerically equal in square millimeters to the value of the current amplitude in kiloamperes.
Mechanical effects of lightning currents. The mechanical forces arising in various parts of the building and structures during the passage of lightning currents through them can be very significant.

When exposed to lightning currents wooden structures can be completely destroyed, and brick pipes and other elevated structures made of stone and brick may have significant damage.
When lightning strikes concrete, a narrow discharge channel is formed. Significant energy released in the discharge channel can cause destruction, which will lead either to a decrease in the mechanical strength of concrete or to deformation of the structure.
When lightning strikes reinforced concrete, the destruction of concrete with deformation of the steel reinforcement is possible.

LIGHTNING PROTECTION CHECK

The lightning protection system of a building needs to be checked periodically. The need for such measures is due, firstly, to the importance of these devices for the safety of both the real estate objects themselves and people nearby, and secondly, the presence of lightning rods under the constant influence of adverse environmental factors.

The first check of the lightning protection system is carried out immediately after installation. In the future, it is carried out at certain, established by the standards, intervals of time.

FREQUENCY OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION CHECK

The frequency of lightning protection checks is determined in accordance with clause 1.14 of RD 34.21.122-87 "Instructions for the installation of lightning protection of buildings and structures."

According to the document, for all categories of buildings, it is held at least once a year.

In accordance with the "Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers", the verification of ground loops is carried out:

1 time in six months - visual inspection of the visible elements of the grounding device;

1 time in 12 years - inspection, accompanied by a selective opening of the soil.

Ground loop resistance measurement:

1 time in 6 years - on power lines with voltage up to 1000 V;

1 time in 12 years - on power lines with a voltage of over 1000 V.

SYSTEM OF ACTIVITIES FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTION CHECK

Lightning protection testing includes the following activities:

checking the connection between grounding and lightning rod;

measurement of transient resistance of bolted connections of the lightning protection system;

grounding check;

insulation test;

visual inspection of the integrity of the system elements (down conductors, lightning rod, contact points between them), the absence of corrosion on them;

checking the compliance of the actually installed lightning protection system with the design documentation, the validity of installing this type of lightning rod at this facility;

testing the mechanical strength and integrity of welded joints of the lightning protection system (all joints are tapped with a hammer);

determination of the resistance of the grounding conductor of each separately standing lightning rod. During subsequent checks, the resistance value should not exceed the level determined during acceptance tests by more than 5 times;

The resistance of the lightning protection system is checked using the MRU-101 device. In this case, the method of testing lightning protection can be different. The most common include:
Resistance measurement in a lightning protection system using a three-pole circuit
Resistance measurement in a lightning protection system using a four-pole circuit
The four-pole test system is more accurate and minimizes the possibility of error.
Grounding testing is best done under conditions of maximum ground resistance - in dry weather or in conditions of the greatest freezing. In other cases, correction factors are used to obtain accurate data.

Based on the results of the system inspection, a lightning protection test protocol is drawn up, which indicates that the equipment is in good condition.

According to current regulations, detailed object data and, accordingly, risk factors are required to determine the lightning protection class. To receive them, it is proposed to fill out several questionnaires. But thanks to this plate, you can pre-select the lightning protection class and risk factors without detailed data.

Min. amplitude value of lightning current	Max. amplitude value of lightning current	Probability of hitting the lightning protection system
3 kA	200 kA
5 kA	150 kA
10 kA	100 kA
16 kA	100 kA

Lightning protection of industrial buildings and structures
(Handbook on the power supply of industrial enterprises. Industrial electrical networks).

Determination of the need for lightning protection of industrial buildings and structures that are not included in those indicated in Table. , can be made for reasons that give rise to the use of lightning protection devices.
The reasons for the need for lightning protection devices can be the number of lightning strikes per year of more than 0.05 for buildings and structures of I and II degrees of fire resistance; 0.01 - for III, IV and V degrees of fire resistance (regardless of the activity of thunderstorm activity in the area under consideration).
In buildings with a large area (with a width of 100 m or more), it is necessary, in accordance with § 2-15 and 2-27 CH305-69, to provide measures for equalizing the potential inside the building in order to avoid damage to electrical installations and injury to people during direct lightning strikes into the building.

Classification of buildings and structures according to the lightning protection device and the need for its implementation

Buildings and constructions	The area in which buildings and structures are subject to mandatory lightning protection
Industrial buildings and facilities with industries related to classes B-I and B-II PUE	Throughout the USSR
Industrial buildings and structures with premises classified as B-Ia, B-Ib and B-IIa according to the Electrical Installation Rules	In areas with an average thunderstorm activity of 10 hours or more per year	ІІ
Outdoor technical installations and outdoor warehouses containing explosive gases, vapors, combustible and flammable liquids (for example, gas holders, containers, loading and unloading racks, etc.), classified as class B-IIa according to PUE	Throughout the USSR	ІІ
Industrial buildings and structures with industries classified as P-I, P-II or P-IIa according to PUE	In areas with average thunderstorm activity of 20 thunderstorm hours or more per year, with the expected number of lightning strikes of a building or structure per year of at least 0.05 for buildings or structures of the І degree of fire resistance and 0.01 - for III, IV and V degrees of resistance	ІІІ
Industrial buildings and structures of III, IV and V degrees of fire resistance, classified according to fire hazard levels to categories D and D according to SNiP II-M, 2-62, as well as open storages of solid combustible substances, classified to class P-III according to PUE	In areas with average thunderstorm activity of 20 thunderstorm hours or more per year, with the expected number of lightning strikes of a building or structure per year of at least 0.05	ІІІ
Outdoor installations in which flammable liquids with a vapor flash point above 45 ° C are used or stored, classified as class P-III according to PUE		ІІІ
Livestock and poultry buildings and structures of agricultural enterprises of III, IV and V degrees of fire resistance for the following purposes: barns and calves for 100 heads or more, pigsties for animals of all ages and groups for 100 heads or more; stables for 40 heads or more; poultry houses for all types of poultry ages for 1000 heads and more	In areas with average thunderstorm activity of 40 thunderstorm hours or more per year	ІІІ
Vertical exhaust pipes of industrial enterprises and boiler houses, water and silo towers, fire towers height 15-30 m from the ground	In areas with average thunderstorm activity of 20 thunderstorm hours or more per year	ІІІ
Vertical exhaust pipes of industrial enterprises and boiler houses with a height of more than 30 m from the ground	Throughout the USSR	ІІІ
Residential and public buildings rising at the level of the general building massif by more than 25 m, as well as detached buildings with a height of more than 30 m, remote from the building massif by at least 100 m	In areas with average thunderstorm activity of 20 thunderstorm hours or more per year	ІІІ
Public buildings IV and V degrees of fire resistance for the following purposes: kindergartens and nurseries; educational and dormitory buildings, canteens of sanatoriums, recreation facilities and pioneer camps, dormitory buildings of hospitals; clubs and cinemas	In areas with average thunderstorm activity of 20 thunderstorm hours or more per year	ІІІ
Buildings and structures of historical and artistic significance, under the jurisdiction of the Department of Fine Arts and the Protection of Monuments of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR	Throughout the USSR	ІІІ

Clarification of the Department for Supervision in the Electric Power Industry of Rostekhnadzor on the joint application of the "Instructions for lightning protection of buildings and structures" (RD 34.21.122-87) and "Instructions for lightning protection of buildings, structures and industrial communications" (SO 153-34.21.122-2003)

FEDERAL SERVICE			Heads of Federal public institutions departments and energy inspections of the state energy supervision
FOR ENVIRONMENTAL, TECHNOLOGICAL
AND NUCLEAR SUPERVISION
CONTROL
ON SUPERVISION IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
109074, Moscow, K-74
Kitaygorodsky Ave., 7
tel. 710-55-13, fax 710-58-29
01.12.2004	№	10-03-04/182
No.	from

To the department for supervision in the electric power industry Federal Service for Supervision in the Electric Power Industry (Rostekhnadzor) and earlier Gosenergonadzor receives from numerous organizationsquestions about the procedure for using the "Instructions for lightning protection of buildings, structures and industrialcommunications" (SO 153-34.21.122-2003), approved by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated June 30, 2003 No. 280. Attention is drawn to the difficulties in using this Instruction due tolack of reference materials. Questions are also asked about the legitimacy of the order of RAO "UESRussia" dated August 14, 2003 No. 422 "On the revision of regulatory and technical documents (NTD) and the procedure for their action in accordance with the Federal Law" On Technical Regulation "and on the timing of the preparation ofbiy to instructions SO 153-34.21.122-2003.

Rostekhnadzor's Office for Supervision in the Electric Power Industry explains in this regard.

In accordance with the provision of the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On technicalregulation", Article 4, executive authorities have the right to approve (issue) documents (acts) of a recommendatory nature only. This type of document includes the "Instructionon lightning protection of buildings, structures and industrial communications".

Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated June 30, 2003 No. 280 does not cancel the effect of the previous edition"Instructions for lightning protection of buildings and structures" (RD 34.21.122-87), and the word "instead" in the previousThe terms of individual editions of instructions SO 153-34.21.122-2003 does not mean that the use of the previous edition is inadmissible. Design organizations have the right to use when determining initial data and in the development of protective measures, the position of any of the mentionedinstructions or a combination of them.

The term for the preparation of reference materials for the "Instructions for lightning protection of buildings, structuresand industrial communications", SO 153-34.21.122-2003, has not yet been determinedflax due to the lack of funding sources for this work.

Order of RAO "UES of Russia" dated August 14, 2003 No. 422 is a corporate document and is not valid for organizations that are not part of the structure of RAO "UES of Russia".

Head of DepartmentN.P. Dorofeev

GOSTs for lightning protection

GOST R IEC 62561.1-2014 Lightning protection system components. Part 1. Requirements for connecting components
GOST R IEC 62561.2-2014 Lightning protection system components. Part 2: Requirements for conductors and earth electrodes
GOST R IEC 62561.3-2014 Components of lightning protection systems. Part 3: Requirements for isolating spark gaps
GOST R IEC 62561.4-2014 Components of lightning protection systems. Part 4: Requirements for conductor attachment devices
GOST R IEC 62561.5-2014 Components of lightning protection systems. Part 5. Requirements for manholes and seals of grounding electrodes
GOST R IEC 62561.6-2015 Lightning protection system components. Part 6. Requirements for lightning strike counters
GOST R IEC 62561-7-2016 Lightning protection system components. Part 7. Requirements for mixtures normalizing earthing

GOST R IEC 62305-1-2010 Risk management. Lightning protection. Part 1. General principles
GOST R IEC 62305-2-2010 Risk management. Lightning protection. Part 2. Risk assessment
GOST R IEC 62305-4-2016 Lightning protection. Part 4. Protection of electrical and electronic systems inside buildings and structures

GOST R54418.24-2013 (IEC 61400-24:2010) Renewable energy. Wind power. Wind power installations. Part 24. Lightning protection

International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC; English International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC; French Commission électrotechnique internationale, CEI) - international non-profit organization on standardization in the field of electrical, electronic and related technologies.
IEC standards are numbered in the range 60000 - 79999 and their names are of the form IEC 60411 Graphical symbols. The numbers of the old IEC standards were converted in 1997 by adding the number 60,000, for example, the IEC 27 standard received the IEC 60027 number. The standards developed jointly with the International Organization for Standardization have names like ISO / IEC 7498-1: 1994 Open Systems Interconnection: Basic Reference Model.

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has developed standards that set out the principles for protecting buildings and structures of any purpose from surges, allowing you to correctly approach the design of building structures and the lightning protection system of an object, the rational placement of equipment and the laying of communications.

These primarily include the following standards:

IEC-61024-1 (1990-04): "Lightning protection of building structures. Part 1. Basic principles.

IEC-61024-1-1 (1993-09): “Lightning protection of building structures. Part 1. Basic principles. Guide A: Selection of protection levels for lightning protection systems.

IEC-61312-1 (1995-05): “Protection against electromagnetic lightning impulse. Part 1. Basic principles.

The requirements set out in these standards form the "Zone concept of protection", the main principles of which are:

the use of building structures with metal elements (reinforcement, frames, load-bearing elements, etc.), electrically connected to each other and the grounding system, and forming a shielding environment to reduce the impact of external electromagnetic influences inside the object (“Faraday cage”);

availability of a properly executed grounding and potential equalization system;

division of the object into conditional protective zones and the use of special surge protection devices (SPD);

compliance with the rules for placing the protected equipment and conductors connected to it relative to other equipment and conductors that can have a dangerous effect or cause interference.

1. PURPOSE

1.1. Lightning protection is designed to protect the equipment placed on the mast from lightning strikes by receiving and discharging discharges to the ground.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE DESIGN

2.1. Lightning protection consists of 2 parts: lightning receiving part, grounding part.

The lightning-receiving part is a receiver and down conductor.

2.2 The lightning rod is a steel rod up to 2 m long, which is mounted on the mast using insulating (non-conductive) brackets. The lightning rod is connected to the down conductor using special clamps (or threaded connections) treated with a conductive paste to improve the quality of the connection.

2.3. The down conductor is an insulated rod conductor (insulated wire) that is connected to the grounding part (grounding system).

Fig.1. Lightning protection of a mast with equipment

3. COMPLETENESS

	3.1. receiving part Name	Quantity, pcs.
	Lightning rod L=2m
	Insulating bracket with fixings included
	Current lead insulated with copper rod d=8-10mm (length is selected depending on the height of the mast)
	Screed for down conductor
	Ground Stretch Insulator
	Universal clamp made of galvanized steel (electrode/strip/rod)

Lightning protection can be supplied both with a grounding system and without it.

4. INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

4.1. Assemble and fix the lightning rod on the mast, according to the diagram in Fig.2.

4.2. Connect the lightning rod (1) to the down conductor (3) using a clamp (6) using conductive paste.

4.3. Connect the stretching of the upper level of the mast, located on the side of the lightning rod, to the mast through the insulator (5) (into the break of the cable brace, as a conductor).

4.4. Fasten the down conductor (6) to the extension using cable ties (4).

4.5. Install and secure the mast.

4.6. Connect the down conductor (3) to the earthing system.

5. CARE

Lubricate everything threaded connections grease at least once a year.

6.STORAGE PACKAGING TRANSPORT

Lightning protection should be stored in the manufacturer's container.

Storage in a packed state is allowed in equipped warehouses with a relative air humidity of not more than 75% and the absence of acid and alkali vapors.

Packed lightning protection can be transported by any type of transport.

7. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY

The warranty period for lightning protection is one year from the date of installation (commissioning), but not more than 18 months from the date of manufacture.

8. ACCEPTANCE CERTIFICATE

Lightning protection complies with the requirements of design documentation and is recognized as fit for operation.

The need to draw up a passport for a grounding device is stipulated by law. According to the regulatory data of PTEEP, the grounding loop passport contains:

main specifications devices;
data on the checks made for the proper operational condition of the grounding system.

The standardization of the existence of such a document is justified by its main task.

Why do you need a passport

In the passport of the grounding kit, data are recorded on the features of the installation of protective grounding of electrical installations, oriented to the structural characteristics different type objects.

There are several types of grounding systems and technologies for its production. The choice of the optimal option is carried out based on the analysis of various aspects (resistivity different kind soils, climatic changes in soil resistance, etc.). Using the passport data, the specialist will be able to choose the most suitable grounding kit for a specific circuit.

Proper and clear documentation of protective equipment is essential for proper operation. electrical system object. All test reports entered into the document, examples of tests performed and other additional research materials serve as documentary evidence of the reliable operation of the protective earthing system.

When some contentious issues specialized control authorities can seamlessly provide all recorded data.

Passport for grounding: what information does it contain

The document displays not only different kind technical and design and research information about the ground loop, as well as additions - these are all grounding schemes.

Standard structural content of the passport:

Cover.
Technical parameters of the device.
A significant number of tables. The following table data is entered:
- Visual inspection materials (data on corrosion, defects, and suggestions for troubleshooting options).
- The results of all inspections.
- Description of the repair work.
- Data that is displayed in special protocols and acts. Documents on measurements or tests are separately attached to the passport.
Additional information:
- Data on possible connection with similar grounding devices or various communications.
- Date of commissioning of grounding equipment.
- All basic device parameters.
- The resistance of the spreading current of the ground electrode.
- Soil resistance and metal bonding.

Prescribed additional information, if there is a need to fix them - this is not generally required.

Grounding device passport form

There is standardization of data entry forms for various technical documentation. Form 24 is legally fixed for the grounding device.

The date of commencement of operation and the type of electrical installation are indicated. Specifications describe the technical characteristics of the grounding system:

data on the material of grounding electrodes;
number, size and configuration of earth electrodes;
displays data on the occurrence of connecting strips.

You can get acquainted with the principle of filling out such a technical document by example. The content and form of the protective earthing passport form can be modified, but the main information must be displayed (cover, technical specifications, drawing).

The principle of entering the results of the check

Inspection of grounding by a specialist should be carried out once every six months. It is very important to display the result of each check in a table. The main point to which attention is drawn during such an inspection is the resistance of ground electrodes to corrosion.

There should be no breaks at the connection points of the electrical installation with the grounding device. The contact of all elements of the circuit is checked. It may be necessary to open the ground for measurement electrical resistance devices and to inspect the condition of the grounding circuit. The results are entered in the corresponding table. The frequency of such an inspection is at least once every 12 years.

If certain faults with grounding equipment are detected, specialists will begin work to eliminate them. At this stage, portable grounding is often used.

Passport for portable model

By means of a portable grounding model, the safety of electrical installation or repair work on switched off electrical equipment is realized. All such devices comply with GOST.

The requirement to issue a passport for such devices has been legally approved. The structure of the technical document of the portable model is very similar to that of the electrical equipment.

Standardization of passport data of a portable grounding model:

technical parameters and characteristics of the device;
data on the acceptance of the product;
permits for its operation;
device manufacturer's warranty;
conditions of its storage;
safety measures while working with it.

With the right device, such a portable model of grounding equipment is the main means of protection during work with electrical installations in circuits without permanent chargers (up to 1 kV).

All technical documentation for the protection of an electrified object is drawn up taking into account the relevant norms and rules. A responsible approach to the design, electrical installation of grounding and proper documentation of the results of such work will guarantee the maximum level of safety for the elements of the electrical network and its users.

1.
2.
3.

Lightning protection, regardless of whether it is an industrial facility, public building or a private cottage, is necessary - primarily because it will prevent the death of people and fire, which can occur with a direct lightning strike.

Options for creating lightning protection

For each version of roofing, there are certain types of lightning protection. For example, the creation of protection against the consequences of a lightning strike for a soft roof is performed using a special mesh or special holders. As you can see in the photo, lightning protection nets consist of metal conductors, which are laid along the roof ridge, and electrical outlets, grounded separately. Their fixation is carried out using the material used for the installation of the roof. There is another way of arranging lightning rods, which is considered universal, this is the installation of masts on two gables of the building, between which a cable-wire is attached.

The design of lightning protection is different, and it is chosen based on the specific situation. So for a galvanized roof, the following method is used: steel wire with a diameter of 6 millimeters is rolled around the perimeter into roofing iron and grounded at the corners of the roof. At the same time, lightning protection chimney, which rises above the ridge, is created by mounting the lightning rod on the chimney, it is also grounded. A roof protected in this way will not be affected by a thunderstorm.

It has a number of features lightning protection of a warehouse and an industrial building when the roof is made of metal tiles. The point is that this roofing material durable and easy to install, but not always safe in operation, since the design of its sheets has a number of features.

Metal tiles are made of corrugated aluminum or steel plates, and they are covered with plastic on top on both sides (they are similar in functionality to capacitor plates). Roof sheets isolated from each other and from the ground are capable of accumulating electrical potential in the event of a lightning discharge - we should not forget that in some cases an electrostatic discharge reaches tens of thousands of volts.

It is known that there are regions on the territory of the country where thunderstorms occur more often than in other areas - before choosing a metal tile as a roofing material, it is necessary to take into account the above risks. Such objects belong to the 1st and 2nd class in terms of lightning protection, and the creation of lightning rods on them must be done correctly. At the same time, a lightning protection passport is entered for each grounding device in operation.

Lightning protection systems: active and passive

To make a decision on the admission to the operation of public and industrial buildings and structures, a lightning protection protocol is required, only certified laboratories can draw it up (read: "").

The passive system has been used for several centuries.

Lightning protection of a dacha, a residential building, a production facility may have one of such lightning rods as:

cable;
rod pin;
special mesh.

Relatively recently, an active one appeared and very quickly became popular. Its design is a mast mounted on the roof with a lightning rod attached to it. An active system differs from a passive one in quick installation and a wider protection zone. Compared to a rod lightning rod, it covers an area 5 times larger. An active system is relevant when lightning protection of churches, bell towers, water towers, television centers, etc. is required.

Lightning protection of a soft roof

Information on how to create an active or passive lightning protection of a cottage with your own hands on a soft roof can be found on the Internet. If a passive system is mounted, then it is used from 6 mm steel wire in increments of 6x6 meters to 12x12 meters. It is placed under a layer of insulation (necessarily fireproof or slow-burning).

We install grounding in a private house, a fairly detailed video instruction:

It is desirable that the installation of the grid is carried out in the process of carrying out roofing works. If the soft roof is laid, then problems are possible. The biggest one is that there is a possibility of surface damage during the installation of the lightning protection mesh. This is due to the fact that such materials for lightning protection as steel wire are supplied in coils and they have to be straightened directly on the roof. Also, when carrying out work, it is necessary to move along the roof, and the integrity of the coating is not always possible to maintain (read also: "

Documents on measurements or tests are separately attached to the passport.

Additional information:

Data on possible connection with similar grounding devices or various communications.
Date of commissioning of grounding equipment.
All basic device parameters.
The resistance of the spreading current of the ground electrode.
Soil resistance and metal bonding.

Additional information is written if there is a need to fix it - this is not generally required. Grounding device passport form There is standardization of data entry forms for various technical documentation. Form 24 is legally fixed for the grounding device. The date of commencement of operation and the type of electrical installation are indicated.

Passport of lightning protection

There are several types of grounding systems and technologies for its production. The choice of the optimal option is carried out based on the analysis of various aspects (specific resistance of different types of soils, climatic changes in soil resistance, etc.).
P.).

Using the passport data, the specialist will be able to choose the most suitable grounding kit for a specific circuit. Properly and clearly drawn up documentation on protective equipment plays an important role for the normal functioning of the electrical system of the facility.

All test reports entered into the document, examples of tests performed and other additional research materials serve as documentary evidence of the reliable operation of the protective earthing system. If some controversial issues arise, all recorded data can be easily provided to specialized control bodies.

Passport form of lightning protection devices

The need to draw up a passport for a grounding device is stipulated by law. According to the normative data of PTEEP, the ground loop passport contains: Contents:

Why do you need a passport
Passport for grounding: what information does it contain
Grounding device passport form
The principle of entering the results of the check
Passport for portable model

main technical characteristics of the device;
data on the checks made for the proper operational condition of the grounding system.

The standardization of the existence of such a document is justified by its main task.
Why you need a passport The passport of the grounding kit contains data on the features of the installation of protective grounding of electrical installations, oriented to the structural characteristics of various types of objects.

What information does the passport of the grounding device contain and how to fill it out

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Documentation of lightning protection

Passport of lightning protection. Sample No. 1 download Passport of lightning protection. Sample №2 download What is a lightning protection passport? The lightning protection passport is a document that is transferred to the Customer (the owner of the building or structure) from the organization that installs or checks (control tests) the lightning protection and grounding system, with the data of visual inspection, checks and measurements of the system elements for compliance with their requirements of the project and regulatory documents ( basic RD 34.21.122-87, SO 153-34.21.122-2003 and others).

Info

This organization must have a certified electrical laboratory and the necessary devices for control and verification, duly verified. When is certification required? It is carried out during acceptance work, comparative or control tests, as well as after a certain service life for compliance with operational characteristics.

Downloading the document "passport for the grounding device of the power facility"

Specifications describe the technical characteristics of the grounding system:

data on the material of grounding electrodes;
number, size and configuration of earth electrodes;
displays data on the occurrence of connecting strips.

Inspection of grounding by a specialist should be carried out once every six months. It is very important to display the result of each check in a table.

Attention

The main point to which attention is drawn during such an inspection is the resistance of ground electrodes to corrosion. There should be no breaks at the connection points of the electrical installation with the grounding device.

The contact of all elements of the circuit is checked.
Specialist Group: MembersPosts: 552Registration: 12/13/2006From: Nizhny NovgorodUser №: 7881 I have never met the requirement for a passport form. As for its content, the necessary information can be obtained from the RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE OPERATING AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION, THE PROCEDURE FOR ACCEPTANCE AND OPERATION OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION DEVICES - the last section of the instructions for lightning protection and p.

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A sample of filling out a lightning protection passport

It is necessary to specify:

the purpose of the tests (acceptance, comparison, control tests, operational, for certification purposes)
climatic conditions (temperature, air humidity, atmospheric pressure)

As a result, the table indicates the locations of measurements and the elements of the system for which they were made, the number of points of the same type and the resistance value itself. Be sure to follow the information about the device that was tested (type, serial number, metrological characteristics, dates of verification, number of the certificate and the authority that issued it).

An example of filling out a lightning protection passport

The protocol for testing the resistance of the grounding device The protocol for testing the resistance of the grounding device (garage building) download The protocol for testing the resistance of the charger (industrial building) download In addition to the purpose and parameters of external conditions, as in the previous paragraph, the following information must be entered during the measurement:

Type and nature of the soil
Soil resistivity
Rated voltage of the electrical installation
Neutral mode

The measurement results are entered in the table:

Place of measurement with indication of the measurement point on the diagram
Measured resistance value
Seasonality factor
Reduced final resistance value

Based on the measurement data, conclusions are drawn and a conclusion is made about the compliance of the obtained values with the requirements of the standards.

Lightning protection passport form

This document is mandatory and includes the following:

schematic arrangement of elements;
data on the introduction of the system into operation;
information about grounding elements;
indicators of the level of corrosion of devices;
resistance values;
reporting data in case of inspections and repairs.

All this must be entered when any indicators change. Also, the system must be constantly checked for operability.
Assistance of professionals The assistance of qualified specialists helps to avoid various errors and inaccuracies in the course of work and inspections, troubleshooting. Alef-M employees have extensive experience in this field, which allows them to implement even the most complex task competently and promptly.