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Temperature standards in residential premises. Desired air temperature in residential premises. Mandatory living conditions

In a previous article, we talked about , which is used for one purpose only: to reduce heat loss. Today we will answer the question of how many degrees should be in the apartment according to regulations. This value is regulated by two legal documents: GOST and SNIP. Values are set separately for each room of the apartment. These requirements must be met taking into account the error up or down. Unfortunately, both the lower and upper possible limits are outside the comfortable room temperature range.

What air temperature should be in the apartment - norms

In winter, the thermometer should show at least 18 degrees (+/- error).

In the question of how many degrees should be in the apartment, everything is somewhat more complicated than it seems at first glance. Everyone has heard the average value of at least 18 degrees for the entire living area. In fact, the air temperature value is set separately for each room, depending on its purpose.

AT government documents it is clearly stated what the temperature in the apartment should be in winter. The norm is determined by two regulations:

GOST R-51617-2000;
SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10.

These documents have two classifications: what should be the temperature in the apartment in winter according to the norm, and what should be in summer. In addition, the documents give the value of the optimal and permissible temperature. Naturally, service companies take as a basis the allowable limits, acting within the framework of the law. If even these minimum indicators are not met, it is necessary to contact the relevant authorities so that they take action.

Often, the comfortable temperature in an apartment for an individual does not coincide with the requirements of legal acts. If you are cold, please buy . If it is too hot, then you can adjust the temperature of the radiators using a thermal head, but you will still pay in full. To pay only for the heat that you used, you need to install .

Let's figure out what a comfortable temperature in the apartment, according to the state regulatory documentation, should be in different rooms:

room - allowable 18-24 degrees, optimal 20-22 degrees. At -30 degrees overboard for five days, the minimum temperature should be 20 degrees;
kitchen and toilet - optimal 19-21 degrees, permissible 18-26 degrees;
bathroom or combined bathroom - optimal 24-26 degrees, permissible 18-26 degrees.

The air temperature in the apartment during the heating season, established by norms and standards, may vary by an allowable error. At night, a decrease of no more than 3 degrees is allowed, as well as an increase of a maximum of 4 degrees at any time of the day.

The decrease in temperature is associated with heat loss through cold bridges.

Separately, there are norms for a common corridor, landing and storerooms. There the thermometer should show at least 15 degrees. Normally, the comfortable temperature in the apartment is closely related to the volume of air exchange. For living rooms, this value is set at 3 cubic meters per hour for each square meter of the room. In the kitchen, the norm is set regardless of its area and is 60 cubic meters per hour, no less. In a bathroom with a separate toilet, the amount of supply air and, accordingly, exhaust air should be 25 cubic meters per hour. If the bathroom is combined, then the values \u200b\u200bare summed up.

The regulatory documents establish norms not only for what temperature should be in the house in winter, but also for summer time. In this case, the maximum is set, which is 28 degrees. But, even if this value is exceeded, no one can help you, only you yourself. The temperature norm in an apartment in winter according to SanPiN is determined in tandem with the value of air humidity and the speed of air flow. This applies only to living rooms in which the humidity should not be higher than 60%, the optimal value is 30-45%. For other premises, this indicator is not standardized. The movement of air flows should not exceed 2 m/s.

Factors that affect the temperature regime

Adjustment of heating of a radiator by means of a thermal head.

We have already figured out what air temperature should be in the apartment and found out the value of the error up or down. Now let's figure out what this error can be caused by, that is, a decrease or increase in temperature. Knowing the reasons, we will be able to answer the question of how to increase the temperature in the apartment or lower it, based on our own preferences. What determines the readings of the internal thermometer:

the amount of heat loss;
battery capacity;
coolant speed in the heating system;
wiring of the heating system.

No matter how comfortable the temperature in the apartment is, there will still be someone who is too cold or too hot. Well, even in an apartment with central heating, it is possible to regulate the degree of air heating.

Even if utility companies comply with all the conditions of GOST, it can still be cold in your home due to high heat losses.

So, you need to exclude them as much as possible so that the temperature in the apartment in the winter is within normal limits. You have probably noticed how many people now insulate the outer walls with foam plastic, thereby reducing heat loss. By the way, the first step should be to replace old windows with modern energy-saving double-glazed windows.

The type of radiators and their volume also largely determine what (optimal or not) the temperature in the apartment will be. Naturally, the larger the battery, the warmer. At the same time, it is impossible to arbitrarily increase the number of sections, since the stability of the entire system depends on this. An increase in the volume of heat exchangers can lead to a decrease in the speed of the coolant. What is the risk? When the pressure drops, the batteries can heat up only partially, or they can be completely cold. In this case, it will not work to achieve the optimal air temperature in the apartment.

The decrease in pressure entails a drop in the speed of the coolant. The slower it moves, the more time to lose heat before it reaches you. Accordingly, one can only dream about the optimal temperature in the apartment in winter, as is the case with incorrect circuit wiring. Not only can errors be made in as well as their assembly, it is also possible to connect the batteries incorrectly. As a result and the bottom is hot.

How to raise or lower the temperature in the apartment

The ball valve is closed on the supply.

How many degrees should be in the house? According to GOST in the room, the lower limit, taking into account the night error, is 15 degrees. You wouldn't wish that kind of comfort on your enemy. Naturally, it is useless to complain in this case, because the requirements of the standard are met, so people begin to independently regulate the temperatures in their homes. When it's cold, everyone actively insulates, changes windows and closes cracks. As a last resort, you can include

But what to do if the normal temperature in the apartment in winter is 28 degrees, which is quite real. The maximum allowable value is 24 degrees plus the error of 4 degrees prescribed in GOST.

If the batteries have thermal heads, then there is no problem, you just need to set the required value and that's it.

And what if they are not? Living with an open window is not comfortable, as cold air pulls strongly on the floor. If there are children, then this option is excluded, and for adults this state of affairs is clearly not healthy.

What other options:

slightly turn off the tap in front of the battery;
install .

By closing the ball valve in front of the radiator, you will reduce the amount of water supplied. It is not recommended to do this, but when you really need it, you have to. Just keep in mind that in this mode shut-off valves will last much less. The air recuperator allows you to create the necessary air circulation, while supply air enters the room already heated.

Comfortable temperature in the apartment in winter

We found out that optimum temperature in the house in winter according to GOST and SNIP is 20-22 degrees. At the same time, the permissible framework is from 18 to 26 degrees, depending on the intended purpose of the room. For the kitchen, bathroom and room, the norms are different. The deviation from the table values is 3 degrees down and 4 degrees up. Regrettably, but according to the law, if your house has only 15 degrees of heat, then utility company there can be no claims on your part. The same is true if you have an apartment in winter, as in Tashkent on the street in summer (+30). The salvation of the drowning is the work of the drowning themselves.

In the event that the temperature standards in the apartment during the heating season are not observed, it is necessary to demand a recalculation of payment for the corresponding service. Her pay should be reduced by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance.

Normal temperature in the winter in the apartment

All temperature standards in a residential area are determined and regulated by GOST 30494-2011 "Indoor microclimate parameters". First of all, the temperature should be comfortable for those who live in the apartment. Inside the dwelling, these norms are different, although there is an average temperature for the apartment.

Generally normal temperature is 20-22 degrees.

Naturally, the beginning of the heating season should begin long before the onset of frost, that is, a stable minus. "Heating" in the apartments begins before the onset of winter. This happens after the thermometer is not constantly less than +8 degrees. This air temperature should last five days. This will mean a steady onset of cold weather.

The end of the heating season is associated with an increase in temperature above 8 degrees. As soon as the heat lasts for at least 5 days, the heating is turned off.

How quickly the air in the apartment heats up depends both on its insulation and on the position of the corner rooms, as well as on the presence of cracks in windows and doors.

Despite this, there are temperature standards in the apartment according to GOST:

Living room
Kitchen- optimally 22-23 o C, 20 o C is acceptable;
Toilet- optimally 19-21 o C, 18 o C is acceptable;
Bathroom and shared bathroom- optimally 24-26 ° C, 18 ° C is acceptable;
Premises for rest and study- optimally 20-22 o C, 18 o C is acceptable;
Inter-apartment corridor- optimally 18-20 o C, 16 o C is acceptable;
lobby, stairwell- optimally 16-18 o C, 12 o C is acceptable;
Storerooms- optimally 16-18 o C, 14 o C is acceptable;

The temperature is measured at special points. The temperature cannot be checked close to the floor or ceiling, nor to walls or windows. Inspection standard: 1 meter from outer wall, 1.5 m from the floor. In the event that there are deviations from these requirements, the payment for this service should be reduced by 0.15% per hour of non-compliance with these standards.

If there are deviations from the norm

If the temperature indicators should not be below the permissible level, then they can exceed the norm, but not more than 4 degrees. If the batteries do not warm up well, then you need to write a complaint to the DEZ with a request to check. The specialist who will perform the verification draws up 2 copies of the verification act, one of which will remain with the owner.

After that, the utility responsible for the situation must take measures to correct it. The measures are quite urgent and should be taken within 1-7 days from the date of signing the act. During the period of correction of violations, the standards change and the charges for the apartment are recalculated taking into account the area of \u200b\u200bhousing.

The heating service must be uninterrupted. Permissible breaks should not exceed 24 hours per month (this is in total). If the reduced temperature persists for a long time, then you need to call the control room. If a blockage is found during the inspection, it must be eliminated. In the case when the reasons are not found, you need to write a statement to the management company or housing and communal services.

Where else can you go:

prosecutor's office;
society for the protection of consumer rights;
housing inspection.

During the proceedings, it is necessary to present acts, statements with appeals, as well as copies of title documents.

On the video about the norms of heating

With the onset of the heating season, the issue of the temperature climate in a residential building becomes especially relevant. It often happens that the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms and the actual temperature are very different from each other, which is a violation on the part of utilities. And what should the temperature of the walls be in the apartment and how to measure the temperature of the walls in the apartment?

The temperature of the walls in the room

The permissible temperature of the wall in the apartment in winter is regulated at the legislative level. Standards are allocated according to GOST, SNiP (building codes and rules) and sanitary standards.

The temperature of the walls in the apartment should be such that it is comfortable to be in the room. The main heating of the apartment in the cold season should be carried out mainly due to central heating, which is provided by the municipal services of the city.

What temperature should the walls be in the apartment?

According to legislative documents on the heat supply of residential premises, the average temperature in apartments in cold and warm seasons should be approximately 20-23 degrees. This temperature is considered comfortable for life.

Indeed, if such a microclimate is maintained in a residential building, a child and an adult can live in it. But not always the real indicators of the temperature of the walls and air in the apartments correspond to the established standards. This happens especially often during the heating season. Residents' apartments do not warm up well enough, although they charge a lot for heating.

For the most part, utility specialists are not based on the temperature of the walls, but on the general air temperature in the room. Batteries may not warm up the walls enough, but they heat the air well (subject to normal current hot water and lack of airiness). It is also taken into account that the walls are actively cooled from the outside, so the temperature of the walls in the room may differ from the air temperature.

How is the temperature of the walls in the apartment measured? Measurement is done at special points. The temperature indicator is not measured in close proximity to walls or windows. In most cases, a point is selected that is 1.5 meters above the floor and 1 meter from outer wall. It is noteworthy that if the air temperature does not meet the established norm, the payment for heat supply is reduced by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance with the norms established by the state.

The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms of SNiP

The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to the norms of SNiP practically does not differ from the established norms. According to building codes and regulations number 2.04.05–91, the temperature in the living room should not fall below 20 degrees.

It is worth considering that the permissible temperature of the walls in an apartment according to the norms of SNiP strongly depends on the ambient temperature and the so-called dew point.

The norm of the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to SanPin

The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to sanitary standards in the living room is 24 degrees Celsius. It should be noted that only the upper temperature limit is indicated in sanitary standards. As for living rooms (regardless of their type), the temperature is the same.

In general, the temperature of the walls in an apartment, according to sanitary standards, practically does not differ in any way from the norms that are indicated in the building regulations and the interstate standard. In any case, the indicator of air temperature and walls in apartments is identical in all legislative documents.

In more detail, the upper and lower limits of temperature standards are prescribed in GOSTs. There is less information in the SanPin and SNiP documents.

The temperature of the walls in the apartment in winter

The temperature of the walls in the GOST (30494-2011) apartment depends on the type of room and the season. For cold seasons (from the moment the heating is turned on), the norms are as follows:

living quarters
20-22 degrees
Residence in the northern region
21-23 degrees
Kitchen
19-21 degrees
Toilet
19-21 degrees
Combined bathroom and bathroom
24-26 degrees
Corridor between apartments
19-20 degrees
Children's room
23-24 degrees

It turns out that on average the temperature of the walls in the apartment in the winter season should be 20-22 degrees. The value of the temperature indicator almost completely coincides with the standards specified in SNiP and SanPin.

In addition to the temperature of the walls in the apartment according to GOSTs, you need to rely on common sense. The norms for the temperature of the walls in the room are compiled depending on the purpose of the room. For example, moderate coolness should be observed in bedrooms and they should be ventilated regularly, because in a room with a high temperature of the walls and, accordingly, the air, it is much worse to sleep.

The optimal temperature indicator in the nursery also depends on the age of the baby. For infants, the norm indicated in GOST should be maintained - 24 degrees. As the child matures, the temperature should gradually drop to the lower limit of normal and then gradually return to normal for an ordinary living room.

In the bathroom, the temperature of the walls and air largely depends on the frequency of use of the room. In such a room, the humidity is constantly high, so it may seem that it is damp and cold in there, although this is not the case. The situation is much the same with the kitchen. Depending on the amount of equipment used and the frequency of cooking, the temperature should be varied. The more often they cook in the kitchen, the lower the temperature should be maintained there (from the oven, stove and other equipment, the air and walls will still heat up). If the kitchen is not actively used, it is better to keep the temperature there closer to the upper limit of normal.

Normal wall temperature in corner apartment should be 2 degrees higher than specified in GOST 51617-2000. Some utilities are guided by the indicators specified in GOST 30494-96, but it is less informative and it does not mention the temperature of the walls in the corner apartment.

In living rooms during the cold seasons, the temperature should not fall below 22 degrees, in non-residential rooms - below 21 degrees. For the northern regions, the minimum temperature is correspondingly higher. For residential premises, its indicator should not be less than 23 degrees.

Freezing walls in the apartment - permissible temperature

The temperature limit at which the walls of the building begin to freeze through directly depends on the thickness of the walls, the state of ventilation, windows and design features as a whole. The location of housing also has an impact. Freezing of the wall in the apartment The permissible temperature for each room is indicated in SNiP 23-02-2033 "Thermal protection of buildings".

The calculation of the permissible temperature before freezing of the walls in the apartment is quite complicated. The average temperature limit is 20 degrees Celsius.

Measurement of the temperature of the walls in the apartment

At home and without a professional device, it is almost impossible to measure the temperature of the walls in an apartment. An infrared thermometer is used to measure. How to measure the temperature of the walls in the apartment using this device? It's simple: the infrared beam emitted by the thermometer is directed to the desired wall. An indicator will be displayed on the instrument dial. This will be the temperature of the wall in the apartment.

After you have measured the temperature of the walls in the apartment, you need to compare the results with the standards. However, it must be taken into account that the results may not be completely reliable.

Ideally, you should order the measurement of the temperature of the walls in the apartment from specialists who have official permissions and approvals for this. In addition, they have more accurate equipment, which will affect the measurement results. Professionals also help to issue the necessary documents confirming the temperature of the walls, with which you can then go to court. On average, the cost of such a procedure in Moscow, St. Petersburg and the regions Russian Federation is 1 thousand rubles.

How to file a complaint about the low temperature of the walls in the apartment?

If, after measuring the temperature of the walls in the apartment, it turned out that it does not meet the standards established by the state, you can safely file a complaint. To do this, you must contact the maintenance department or the organization that services the residential building and inform them about the violation of the temperature regime. Please note: at the time of communication, an employee of the structure must provide his position and last name.

After submitting the application, a commission will be drawn up, which will include a representative of the heating network and an employee of the repair and maintenance department. During a visit to the premises, specialists will have to independently measure the temperature and draw up an act. This act will be documentary evidence that the heating service is provided to the tenant of the apartment in an improper way.

After that, employees of the heating network and the repair and maintenance department will find out for what reasons the temperature drops below the established norm. Then, depending on the results, there will be repair work aimed at eliminating insufficient heat supply. After all necessary work employees of the relevant authorities will conduct a secondary inspection of the premises and issue a second act to the tenant. The document will confirm that the temperature of the walls and the air in the room complies with the standards and this is confirmed by repeated instrumental measurements.

If utility workers refuse to somehow contribute to the normalization of the temperature in the room, you can contact the social protection authorities for consumer rights or the prosecutor's office. In such cases, more thorough investigations are carried out and public utilities are punished. There are more red tape, but a successful result is almost 100% guaranteed.

Conclusion

The norm of the temperature of the walls in the apartment depends on the specific region of the apartment (regular or corner) and the season. In the warm season, the temperature should be 22-25 degrees. For cold seasons, the normal temperature is from 19 to 24 degrees. The specific rate depends on the room. It should be warmest in children's and living rooms.

If a person has doubts that the temperature of the walls in the apartment does not meet the established standards, you can independently measure the temperature indicator using an infrared thermometer or order a temperature measurement from specialists. If the fears are confirmed and the temperature in the living room turns out to be inappropriate, you should contact the appropriate municipal authority and demand the elimination of the lack of heat supply.

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements have been established for living conditions in residential buildings and premises (SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10). They are mandatory for the placement, design, reconstruction, construction and operation of buildings and premises intended for permanent residence.

Thus, the building and finishing materials used must have a document confirming their safety for the population. In apartments, it is forbidden to place bathrooms and toilets above the living rooms and the kitchen (except for two-level apartments, where the toilet and bathroom can be located above the kitchen). The temperature in the rooms in winter is 18-24°С, in summer - 20-28°С. The temperature of batteries during water heating should not exceed 90°C. Devices with a heating surface temperature of more than 75 ° C must have protective guards.

There are requirements for lighting, ventilation, water supply, sewerage of apartments. The limit levels of noise, vibration, ultra- and infrasound, electric and electromagnetic fields, and ionizing radiation have been established.

Buildings with a height of more than 5 floors must have elevators. At the same time, the dimensions of the cabin should provide the possibility of transporting a person on a stretcher or in a wheelchair.

Transit traffic is not allowed on intra-yard driveways. It is forbidden to place in the courtyards of any trade and Catering(including tents, kiosks, stalls, mini-markets, pavilions, summer cafes, minor repairs cars, household appliances, shoes), as well as parking lots of public organizations. On the adjoining territories it is forbidden to wash cars, drain fuel and oils, adjust sound signals, brakes and engines.

The requirements come into effect on August 15, 2010. They do not apply to hotels, hostels, specialized homes for the disabled, orphanages, shift camps.

For many Russians, paying utility bills is associated with constant stress, especially in winter. Indeed, often residents of houses, in most cases of old construction, complain about the cold in the apartment, but at the same time they have to pay for the missing heat in full.

Insufficient space heating is caused by the fact that for some reason the coolant does not warm up as it should. To control this issue, the temperature norm in the apartment during the heating season was introduced. She helps with the help of government normative documents prove that it is not the tenants who are too thermophilic, and the public utility is not able to troubleshoot in time.

Factors affecting temperature

The final temperature in the apartment can depend on many factors. The main and most significant are the following:

The climate in the region;
Season;
Human factor: number of residents, their age and subjective preferences;
The location of the apartment, its technical features and the condition of the heat carriers.

Since each parameter affects the final result in its own way, we will study them in more detail.

Climatic conditions

Depending on the region in which the consumer's home is located, the temperature level inside is also set. So, in remote regions in the north it is quite cold, and in the southern latitudes, the home temperature will be significantly higher. In addition, it is important to take into account the humidity of outdoor air, atmospheric pressure and the amount of precipitation outside the window.

Season

The time of the year has the most direct impact on the climate in the apartment: in summer the temperature will be high, and in winter it will drop significantly. In the spring, public utilities stop the heating season, which also affects the thermometer readings. If the autumn turned out to be cold, it can be cold in the apartment almost the same as in winter.

According to GOST R 51617-2000 “Housing and communal services. General technical conditions "the temperature in the apartment should be within 18-25 degrees Celsius

In most Russian regions, the optimum temperature in a residential area is in the following range:

from 19 to 23 o - in the winter months;
from 24 to 27 o - in the summer months.

Despite the fact that the difference of 3-4 degrees at first glance seems insignificant, in fact, these changes are very noticeable. In winter, due to the lack of ventilation, the air becomes drier, and the temperature seems to be lower than it actually is.

Housing features

A few more components of a comfortable atmosphere in the house are the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises, the height of the ceilings, the location of the dwelling, and even the presence of furniture. An apartment with high ceilings will warm up worse due to the large area. And in the corner apartment it will be a little colder than in the central one - the latter is protected from the wind by neighboring apartments.

They also influence specifications housing. Among them:

Battery size. The larger the radiator, the higher the room temperature will be. However, experts do not recommend residents to change the number of battery sections on their own. Due to such manipulations, the pressure in the heating system may drop, and the radiators will not fully warm up.
Energy saving double-glazed windows. In the room where such a double-glazed window is installed, it is much warmer than in the rest. This design reliably protects from cold and wind, but at the same time easily passes the sun's rays inside.
Wall insulation. Walls finished inside or outside with heat-insulating material will help reduce heat loss in the room.
Additional elements. If you install a heat-reflecting screen next to the battery, the resulting heat will be directed inside the apartment, warming up the room better. Carpet on the walls or insulated linoleum on the floor will also help maintain a comfortable temperature.

Human factor

Temperature renders different influence for people of different sex and age. For example, men will feel comfortable in colder temperatures than women.

Pets feel warm and in case of cold weather they look for the warmest place

In an apartment where children live, it is very important to regularly check the norm, because the body of babies is not yet able to independently increase or decrease heat transfer. Children tend to freeze or overheat faster than adults, so the average temperature in the children's room should be kept at +22 degrees. The same applies to older people: they are very sensitive to temperature changes.

Temperature standards in the apartment

Standards for the temperature in residential premises during the heating season are legalized, and administrative or criminal penalties may follow for their violation. They are determined by sanitary and building codes and regulations, and are an absolute law for utilities.

At what temperature turn on the heating

The nuances of the beginning of the heating season are provided for by the Decree Russian government No. 354 dated May 6, 2011. According to him, the batteries in the apartments turn on when the average daily temperature drops below +8 C on. Moreover, this indicator should not change within 5 days.

According to the rules, the heating season begins at an average daily temperature below 8 °C for 5 consecutive days

For example, if for two days in a row the temperature was at +6, and then rose to +9, and in the next two days it fell again to +7, then heating will not be turned on. The batteries are disconnected according to the same scheme: on the street for 5 days in a row the temperature should be above +8 C о.

It is important! As a rule, the heating season in most Russian regions starts in mid-October and ends in April.

Temperature standards

To make it pleasant for tenants to be in their apartment, each room and room should have its own temperature indicators. According to GOST and SNiP, the most comfortable temperature for a person ranges from 19 to 25 degrees.

The standards for residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building can be found in the table below.

Season	room	Air temperature, C o
Season	room	minimal	optimal
Winter/cold spring		from 18	20-22
	Bedroom	from 16	18-20
	Living room in regions where the temperature stays below -31C for 5 days o	from 20	21-23
	Children's room	from 21	22-24
	Kitchen, toilet	from 18	19-22
	Bathroom / WC	from 18	24-26
	Landing	from 14	16-18
	Pantry	from 12	16-18
Summer	Living room or any living room	from 20	20-25

According to the norms of SanPin, the minimum run-up between temperatures in different rooms should not be more than 3 degrees.

It is important! At night, the air temperature outside the windows drops sharply regardless of the season, so slight temperature fluctuations are acceptable at night.

The minimum temperature in a corner apartment is 20 °C

Medical component

We found that the optimum temperature for a living room is 22 C. However, medical regulations introduce another very important indicator- air humidity. If it does not exceed 40%, and the temperature standards are observed, then the person in the room will be comfortable. Otherwise, health problems may begin:

Irritation of the nasal mucosa;
Mucus production in the nasopharynx;
Decreased immunity to acute respiratory viral infections;
Violation of the psycho-emotional state.

Higher humidity is allowed only in the bathroom. The bathroom must be protected from mold and excessive dampness, so a higher temperature is acceptable here. It neutralizes the harmful effects of water vapor, so the threat to health is excluded.

The cool temperature in the bedroom promotes rapid relaxation and deep sleep, helping the body to fully rest during the night. The kitchen should not be too hot, because the stove and other heating elements will cause the temperature to rise anyway.

Elevated temperature in the nursery creates optimal level for the regulation of heat transfer in small tenants. So, in an apartment where this moment there is a child, the temperature must be increased by at least 1 degree. During bathing, the temperature in the bathroom should be 28 C.

How to measure the temperature in the apartment

In order to track the deviation from the norms, it is recommended to regularly measure the temperature in living rooms. And it is important to do it correctly, taking into account all the technical requirements. They look like this:

The measurement is made at the level of 1 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor covering;
The presence of factors that can affect the temperature is not allowed in the room: slots, heaters, open windows / doors, direct sunlight;
Indications are recorded hourly during the day, after which the average is calculated;
The weather on the day of the inspection must be neutral, with no extreme heat or abnormal cold allowed.

When measuring, a deviation is considered to be a temperature below the standard. In cases where an independent measurement showed a deviation from the norm, it is necessary to contact the dispatch service. After a call to the address of the tenant, an emergency team is sent, which draws up an official inspection report. The document contains the following information:

Technical description of the apartment, including its location (corner, central), area and other data;
List of persons who measured the temperature;
Description of the instrument used for measurements;
Recorded temperature indicators;
Signatures of all participants.

The act is filled in two copies: one of them remains in the hands of the owners of the apartment.

It is important! If the measurements showed that the temperature of the water in the radiator during the day was lower by 3 C o, and at night by 5 C o, the management company is obliged to recalculate the cost of utilities. The amount by which the cost of housing and communal services will be reduced depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises. The more spacious the apartment, the less you will have to pay.

Air exchange rate in living quarters

In addition to temperature and humidity, another important factor affects the comfortable state of a person in an apartment - air exchange. This is a process during which the already exhausted air in the room is replaced with fresh partially or completely. Ventilation is carried out regularly to start air exchange.

This indicator indicates how many times per hour the air in the room is completely replaced with clean air. This value depends on the characteristics of the room and its area. So, if in an hour the volume of air in the room was replaced equal to the volume of the room - this is called a single air exchange. And if the volume of air is updated, similar to only half the volume of the room, this is considered 0.5-fold air exchange.

Air exchange rates

This parameter, like the others, is controlled by SanPiN norms. According to the document, the standards for the types of premises are distributed as follows:

Residential premises up to 25 m 2 - air exchange of at least 3 m 3 / h per m 2;
Kitchen with gas stove- 9 m 3 / h per m 2, with electric - 9 m 3 / h per m 2;
Other rooms up to 20 m 2 - 1 m 3 / h per m 2.

Typically, residents apartment buildings they do not undertake to measure the air exchange rate on their own, since this is a complex procedure that requires additional equipment. Most often, professional bureaus and laboratories are engaged in measurements.

However, if there is no trust in experts or there is a strong desire to fix the indicators on your own, then this can be done in two ways:

Purchase of the Air Door device. The design is installed in a door or window opening. The fan in its structure draws air into the room, then the multiplicity index is measured.
Thermal anemometer and balometer. The first device shows the speed at which the air moves in the room, and the second - its volume.

Determination of coolant temperature in batteries

The temperature in the room largely depends on how hot the batteries are in the apartment. For the temperature of the coolant, there are also their own standards and ways to fix the indicators.

The infrared thermometer is designed for non-contact measurement of the temperature of various objects, including heating radiators.

You can measure the temperature of the coolant in several ways:

Ordinary thermometer. The hot water that flows from the tap in the bathroom is the coolant from the radiator. Therefore, the easiest way is to collect hot water in a glass and measure its temperature by lowering an ordinary thermometer into it.
Infrared/alcohol thermometer. In this way, the indicator is measured directly on the heating battery. If the procedure is performed with an alcohol thermometer, it is necessary to tightly tie it to the radiator and cover it with thermal insulation from above.
Electrothermometer. More complex but most accurate measuring device. Thermocouples are fixed on the battery, after which the “temperature measurement” function is activated and a measurement is taken.

Each equipment has tolerances: for an alcohol thermometer, a deviation of 2 C o is considered normal, for an infrared thermometer - 0.5 C o.

Central heating

In some situations, after turning on the heating, nothing changes. The apartment is still as cold as before due to the fact that the radiators are not warm enough. There may be several reasons for this, and the most common is the ingress of a large volume of air into the system.

For most heating systems installed in apartment buildings there is no minimum temperature limit. The reference point is the air temperature in the room: if it meets the standards, then everything is in order with the degree of heating of the radiators.

Some heating systems can still be controlled. Thus, the norms existing in the regulatory acts can be applied to structures in which the pipe has a lower central supply to the radiator. These norms depend on the climatic conditions outside the apartment.

You need to focus on the following indicators:

Outdoor temperature from +6 C o: water inlet - min. +55 C o, output - no more than +40 C o;
Temperature 0 ... +6 C o: at the inlet - +66 C o, return - up to +50 C o;
The temperature outside the window is from -5 C o: the beginning is +77 C o, the end is not higher than 55 C o.

In addition, sanitary standards provide for permissible temperature indicators for two-pipe and one-pipe heating systems. The following maximum temperatures are allowed by regulation:

For a two-pipe system - 95 C o;
For single-pipe - 105 C about.

It is important! If during daytime measurements the average is below the norm by 4 C o, and at night - by 5 C o, you need to contact the public utilities for recalculation of the cost of services.

Hot water supply

In winter, the main indicator of problems in the heating system is the temperature of hot water from the tap. It should be in the range from +64 o to +76 o. To find out the water temperature, the following algorithm of actions is performed:

A deep bowl is placed in the bath or sink.
It is immediately necessary to put an alcohol thermometer in the container, then it is filled with hot water.
The thermometer remains in the water for about 10 minutes, after which you can pour out the liquid and record the temperature.

If the result obtained is 3 degrees less or more than normal, then everything is in order with the temperature.

In winter, the temperature of hot water should be in the range from +64 o to +76 o

And if the temperature during the heating season is below normal

If the central heating does not cope with the tasks set, and the apartments are not much warmer than on the street in the cool season, then the service is not of sufficient quality. The procedure for resolving the situation is regulated by the Rules for the provision of public services.

According to federal documents, both the owner of the apartment and the tenant can apply to the management company. The tariff will be recalculated by 0.15% for each hour when the specified standards were not observed. The reversal algorithm will be as follows:

The person living in the apartment notifies the municipal service about the violation of the temperature regime by calling or in writing.
The dispatcher records the owner's appeal and informs the applicant of his full name, time of registration of the appeal and its number.
In agreement with the applicant, the date of the inspection is set. Specialists of the UK come to the place and independently measure the temperature.

It is important! If the applicant has not set a convenient date for the inspection, the utility companies are required to start measurements before two hours have passed from the date of registration of the application.

Based on the results, an act is filled out, where, if any, all violations found are indicated. It should also be recorded with which device the temperature was measured and at what time. All those present must sign the document. In the event that the representatives of the Criminal Code refuse to confirm the poor quality of the services provided, a re-inspection begins under the control of representatives of the housing inspectorate.

Responsibility of utilities for violation of the temperature regime

If the public utilities did not carry out an inspection within the agreed time frame, the apartment owner can independently draw up an inspection report with the participation of a representative of the HOA and two neighbors. Witnesses will have to monitor the correctness of the check and the reliability of the data entered into the act.

After drawing up the act, the victim has the right to send a claim to the management company with a document attached and demand a recalculation of the cost of the services provided.

It is important! Based on the complaint, representatives of the managing organization must eliminate all violations found, after which it is necessary to make sure that the situation has improved. After the work has been completed, the public utilities again check the premises and draw up an act where new data is recorded.

How to make a complaint

In the event that the public utilities failed to completely eliminate the problems or completely ignored the claim, the homeowner has the right to send a complaint to higher authorities. Representatives of such cases are involved in:

Housing Inspection;
Prosecutor's offices;
Society for the protection of consumer rights.

An act with fixed temperature indicators and a letter describing the problem must be sent to the supervisory authority.

To achieve a solution to the problem through the court, you need to prepare:

Completed certificate of the passed inspection;
Application issued by the dispatch service;
Copies of all applications;
Confirmation of the serviceability of the device that measured the temperature (copies of compliance).

By decision of the court, the representative of the management company is obliged to eliminate all violations within the period specified in the court order.

Recalculation of payment for heating

The recalculation is regulated by the appendix to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307 of May 23, 2006. Representatives of the management company have the right to reduce the amount on the account if:

During the day, the temperature in the rooms in the apartment is less than 17 C o, in the corner room - up to 21 C o;
For one calendar month, the total duration of heating shutdown reached 24 hours;
At a street temperature of less than -30 C about, the heating norms did not reach +20 C about for an ordinary living room and +22 C about for a corner room.
There were one-time shutdowns of radiators for at least 15 hours at outdoor air temperatures below 11 C о.

If the temperature in the apartment is below 14 C for several days, citizens have the right not to pay for the service at all. In addition, an application for recalculation is submitted in the event of a breakdown of the heating battery.

By law, citizens have the right to demand a recalculation of heat fees by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance with the temperature norm

At the same time, a reduction in the cost of services provided may be refused if:

In the room, heat is lost through cracks or open windows;
Walls, windows or doors are not insulated;
Increased air content was recorded in risers.

During the year, a one-time recalculation of the cost of utilities is possible. Experts warn that the recalculation is a lengthy procedure that requires the collection a large number documents. Therefore, before starting to deal with the registration process, it is necessary to carefully prepare.

The utility is an organization that is required to monitor the level of customer service and respond to the slightest temperature discrepancies. A homeowner who knows exactly what the temperature should be in each room will be able to quickly respond to problems and regain their rights to receive quality services.