Essay sample. Essay writing and editing. Why write an essay? Inner world, moral qualities of a person

the brightest and most talented stroke in the paintings of great artists, the most hard-won word in the works of writers, it is just a light that illuminates the faces of ordinary people. I believe that mercy has two meanings for a person in life: the first is ennobling your soul and helping other people overcome the loneliness and cold of life, and the second is accelerating the process of destruction of a person who is devoid of mercy

Arguments: Songs and epics, fairy tales and stories, stories and novels of Russian writers teach us kindness, mercy and compassion. And how many proverbs and sayings have been created! Remember good, but forget evil, A good deed lives for two centuries, As long as you live, you do good, only the way of good is the salvation of the soul, says folk wisdom. Truly merciful and compassionate people are the heroes of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Mercy and compassion play a significant role in the novel. They build the relationship of almost all the characters: Raskolnikov and Sonya, Raskolnikov and Dunya, Raskolnikov and the Marmeladov family, Pulhiria Alexandrovna and Raskolnikov, Sonya and the Marmeladovs, Sonya and Dunya. Moreover, mercy and compassion in these relations were manifested from both sides.

Conclusion: Yes, life is hard. Some in the process of life's trials were lost among vices and evil. But the main thing is that among the vulgarity, dirt and depravity, people were able to preserve, perhaps, the most important human qualities - mercy and compassion.

67. Selfishness, lack of compassion (according to B. Vasiliev)

It is impossible to imagine our world without a sympathetic, lively attitude towards each other. People are always in great need of someone's compassion and understanding. But, unfortunately, we do not often think about it.

In this text, B. Vasiliev raises the problem of selfishness, the lack of compassion in some people. In my opinion, it is quite relevant. This moral problem forces the reader to think deeply about his behavior. The author tells about the children who, in order to create a museum, took away the most precious thing from their mother - letters about their son who died at the front.

The position of the author of the text is clear. B. Vasiliev believes that sometimes people do not think at all about the pain that their rash act can bring to others. So for the mother, after the letters were taken from her, the son "faded away, died, died a second time, and now forever."

This problem is reflected in the story of I. Turgenev "Mumu". Janitor Gerasim picked up the puppy. He loved him very much, looked after him, fed him, cared for him. Mumu became the only joy in the life of a dumb janitor. But the lady did not like the puppy, and therefore Gerasim was forced to drown Mumu. It is impossible to convey in words his state after such an act. Because of the whim of the mistress, he lost his only friend.

The literary critic and public figure D.S. Likhachev addressed this problem. In one of his letters, he says that in our time, unfortunately, there are more and more callous and soulless people, incapable of pity, compassion for others, who cared only about themselves.

Thus, we come to the following conclusion: people should treat each other with understanding and compassion.

68. Callous and soulless attitude towards a person

Comments on the problem: Callousness, heartlessness, how often do we hear these words. These concepts have merged into one with our lives - it's scary. When you fall on the street, no one will help, even come. But this is not an indicator, we must fight against the indifference of society.

Own position and argumentation: The callousness of the soul is the most terrible disease in the world. A.P. Chekhov said: "Hurry to do good." If at first we simply do not pay attention to someone else's grief, drown out the voice of our own conscience, convincing ourselves that we will catch up later, but for now we have a lot of worries, then by doing so we will kill the most valuable quality in ourselves - the ability to do good. This coarsens our heart, covers it with an impenetrable crust, through which pleas for help will no longer break through. After the loss of kindness comes the inevitable loss of morality. Such a person is capable of anything. It is necessary to fight against this, to prevent the degeneration of a person, and it is not surprising that a very large part of the works of modern writers is devoted to this topic. The authors urge us to be kinder and more cordial to each other, remembering the history, the lessons of the past war. One of these authors was V. Shukshin. So, for example, the hero of the work "Such a guy lives ..." strikes with spontaneity and kindness. G. Shcherbakova's story "You never even dreamed of" shows an incorrect understanding of morality by adults. Their insensitive attitude towards the souls of those who love led to tragedy.

Conclusion: Morality and kindness are great forces, and one must properly understand them. Good educates and exalts a person, anger and indifference humiliate him. "If you are indifferent to the suffering of others, you do not deserve the title of a man," said Saadi. How much brighter and better our world will become when dryness, callousness, and indifference finally leave us.

69. The problem of the ugly and beautiful in life (according to V. Soloukhin)

IN our time is getting harder for people to feel something beautiful in this world. Everyone wants to see only beauty without any flaws, but, unfortunately, not everyone succeeds.

IN In the text proposed for analysis, V. Soloukhin touches on the problem of the ugly and the beautiful in life. The author asks the question: how important is the concept of beauty for us?

The question of the problem of beauty cannot leave anyone indifferent, it concerns each of us to a greater or lesser extent. I will give an example of a situation from ordinary life: a beautiful car with a dirty hood or an intelligent person swearing obscene language. V. Soloukhin believes that phenomena of this kind are in no way compatible.

According to V. Soloukhin, the beautiful cannot be combined with the ugly.

I I completely agree with the author of this text that the beautiful should not coexist with the unsightly.

This problem is especially acute in the work "Dead Souls". In this poem, Chichikov leads a two-faced life. He is courteous to his teacher, polite, even waiting for him after school to bring him his coat. But in the end, when his teacher was left in poverty, he did not even bother to find out about his health, but simply handed him a nickel so that he would not die of hunger. Thus, we are presented with a situation of low deed with ostentatious virtue.

Another example is a recent incident that occurred on central television. Well-known journalist who has written many political articles about Russia and

foreign countries, was publicly declared unemployed. Due to the fact that he spoke in a rude and harsh form about those who were hated by him in his blog.

In conclusion, I would like to say that, probably, a person will not soon be able to understand what is beautiful and what is not.

70. The problem of gratitude (according to I. Ilyin)

What is real gratitude? It is on this important problem that the well-known Russian literary critic and publicist reflects.

The problem put forward by I. Ilyin cannot leave anyone indifferent, it concerns each of us to a greater or lesser extent, because every person in his life experiences a feeling of gratitude in response to "the beneficence rendered to him."

This problem worried many great Russian writers, in particular I.A. Goncharova. In his work "Oblomov", the famous Russian writer shows the reader the power that gratitude has, under its influence a person is capable of much. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a young man who has lost interest in life: he spends all his time at home, does not go out, cannot do anything without the help of servants. However, he has a friend who is trying in every possible way to bring him back to life. Stolz never forgets a friend, visits him, tries to bring him into the light. And it seems that he managed to return interest in life to his friend, but this is not entirely true. Ilya Ilyich, only out of a feeling of great gratitude, gets out of bed and joins the life of the capital, he even falls in love. Oblomov wants to please his friend, to return kindness for kindness. That is true gratitude.

Unfortunately, today many people often forget about the bright feeling to which I. Ilyin dedicated his article. It can be seen that the younger generation treats such a holiday as Victory Day with disdain. They forget the great efforts and deeds that veterans have done. But we should be grateful to them, because thanks to them we live now in this world.

Thus, I came to the conclusion that true gratitude is a bright feeling that makes everyone free and happy.

The essay is a unique literary genre. In essence, this is any short work-essay written in private on any issue. Key Feature essay is its author's design - in contrast to the styles of scientific and journalistic, which have a strict specification of style. At the same time, the essay is ranked lower than works of art.

Terminology

Briefly, such a definition of an essay can be formulated - this is the rationale for a person's personal point of view in writing. Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that the work of this literary genre does not claim to be the basis of the issue under consideration or its exhaustive information source. Such an essay contains the author's conclusions and conclusions. Therefore, the sample of its writing and requirements are only recommendations or a set of rules (refers to the latter), and the main part should be occupied by your thoughts.

History reference

Essay comes from the French "attempt", "trial", "essay". And this genre was also born in this beautiful country, back in the Renaissance. The French writer and philosopher for the first time tried to write "about everything and about nothing, without a preliminary theme and plan of action." He claimed that he liked to tone down the boldness of his thoughts by adding mildly questioning "maybe" and "probably" speculations to sentences. So "possible" - has become an expression of the formula of essayistics in principle. Epstein, in turn, defined this genre as a kind of meta-hypothesis, with its own original reality and way of depicting this reality.

Differences from the novel

The essay genre developed in parallel with the novel genre. The latter, however, is more familiar to Russian literature, especially classical. The essay, in turn, had a huge impact on Western prose.

Unlike a novel, an essay is monologue and represents the individuality of the author. This narrows its scope as a genre, and the picture of the world is presented in an extremely subjective way. At the same time, the essay is inevitably interesting because it reveals the inner world of a particular person, not fictional, but entirely real - with its advantages and disadvantages. The style of such literary work always contains the imprint of a person's soul. The novel, on the other hand, reveals the characters of all the characters and heroes that came out from the author's pen, no less interesting, but virtually, unrealistic.

Why write an essay?

On the eve of exams, students and applicants often have a question about how to write an essay. A sample of writing this type of work is also often sought, and it is worth saying that it is not difficult to find it. But why write it at all? This question also has an answer.

Essay writing develops creative thinking, writing skills. A person learns to identify cause-and-effect relationships, structure information, formulate what he would like to express, argue his point of view, illustrating it with various examples, and summarize the material presented.

Usually essays are devoted to philosophical, intellectual and moral and ethical issues. The latter is often used to assign essays to schoolchildren - they are not subject to strict requirements, referring to insufficient erudition and the informal design of the work.

Classification

Conditionally, essays are divided according to the following criteria:

• By content. This includes artistic and artistic-publicistic, historical and philosophical, spiritual and religious, etc.
• in literary form. Among them may be letters or a diary, notes or reviews, lyrical miniatures.
• By form. Such as: descriptive, narrative, reflective, analytical, compositional and critical.
• According to the form of description, subjective and objective descriptions are distinguished. The former reflect the characteristics of the author's personality, the latter are aimed at describing an object, phenomenon, process, and so on.

Distinctive features

Essays can be "recognized" by the following features:

• Small volume. Usually up to seven pages of printed text, although in different educational institutions may have their own requirements about this. In some universities, an essay is a full-fledged work of 10 pages, in others they appreciate summary all my thoughts on two sheets.
• Specifics. An essay usually answers one specific question, which is often formulated in the topic of the assignment. The interpretation of the answer is subjective and contains the author's conclusions. Again, depending on the specification of the essay, it may be necessary to look at the issue from all angles, even if half of the opinions described are by no means directly related to the author.
• Free composition. The essay is notable for its associative narrative. Logical connections are thought out by the author, following his thinking. Recall that the essay reveals his inner world.
• Paradoxes. Moreover, the phenomenon of paradoxes takes place not only in the text itself, but also in the principles of the essay itself: after all, this literary genre, although presented in a free narrative, must have semantic integrity.
• Consistency of the theses and statements of the author. Even if the author is a contradictory nature, he is obliged to explain why he cannot choose one point of view, and not lose the thread of the story, either breaking it or starting anew. Ultimately, even the pages of the diary, converted into essays, are framed by literary norms. After all, the final essay will be read not only by the author himself.

How to write an essay?

A work sample can be misleading for a beginner: one or a couple of examples will be of little help to an author who cannot understand what is actually required of him.

First of all, it is worth mentioning that in order to write a so-called essay, you must be fluent in the topic. If, when writing, you have to turn to many sources for information, the essay ceases to be one. This rule comes from the fact that in his "test" the author expresses his true point of view, although, of course, he can emphasize it with quotes from great people, etc. Of course, in order for the data to be reliable, it is necessary to check them. But the essay is not written on the basis of the material, but starting from it, coming to its own conclusions and results.

Why are there writing problems?

Many students struggle to find sample essays because schools don't have enough time to write this type of work. School essays, although they are classified as this genre, and some teachers formulate the task using this particular terminology, still do not have a specific specification. As mentioned earlier, school essays are not always called as such. In secondary schools, children are just beginning to learn how to formulate their thoughts in a literary format. That is why many come to pass with fear - they have to express their point of view in a short time, while they do not know how to do this at all.

Essay structure

Essay topics are usually presented in the form of quotations. famous people with which the writer may agree or disagree, arguing his opinion.

That is why it is recommended to start an essay with the words “I agree with this opinion” or “I can’t say what I think in the same way as the author”, or “this statement seems controversial to me, although on some points I subscribe to this opinion” .

The second sentence should contain an explanation of how the statement was understood. You need to write from yourself - what, in the opinion of the writer, the author wanted to say and why he thinks so.

The main part of the essay is a detailed presentation of the author's point of view, according to the principle "I think so, because ...". You can seek help from other quotes and aphorisms that the writer agrees with.

The conclusion of the essay is the results of the work. This is a mandatory item that makes the work complete.

Consider the main subjects on which essays are written.

Social Studies

Social science - the subject of study of which is a complex of social sciences. The close relationship of social doctrines is considered, and not each of them separately.

So, the course of social studies may include:

• sociology;
• political science;
• philosophy;
• psychology;
• economy.

The fundamentals of these disciplines are being studied.

A sample essay in social studies is often necessary for graduates when writing the exam. The structure of this essay fully corresponds to the structure given above. At the knowledge test, students can be given as a topic the statements of famous philosophers, sociologists and other figures in the social sciences.

Below is a sample essay writing on social studies (in brief).

Topic: "In time of war, the laws are silent. Lucan"

“After reading this statement for the first time, I decided that I absolutely agree with this statement. But a little later it occurred to me that this quote, like almost everything in our world, is not so simple.

With Lucan's statement, I associate another notorious aphorism - "In love and in war, all means are good." Probably because many unconditionally follow this rule, considering it to be true, and it turns out that in wartime all laws prefer to keep quiet.

But there is another side of the coin: during the war, the very law of war operates. "Kill or be killed." And glorious heroes follow the laws that their hearts tell them. In the name of loved ones, relatives and friends.

So it turns out that war creates new laws. Tougher and more uncompromising than peacetime.

Of course, I can understand Lucan: all his quotations suggest that this man had a pacifist point of view. I also consider myself to be peaceful. But this particular statement does not pass a logical test on my part, so I cannot say that I agree with it.

At the exam itself, they put a limit on the number of words in the interval form. It is very important to adhere to them, otherwise even a well-defined essay structure will not pass the examiner's verification.

History

History is reckoned among the sciences of society and nature. Despite the fact that they adhere to the division of this discipline into two separate ones: the world and the country in which they study, the basics of writing an essay for both subjects are similar to each other.

In choosing a topic for writing an essay on history, they can often deviate from aphorisms and quotations. With equal success, these can be reflections on the global consequences of wars, an assessment of the actions of notorious Decembrists or dissidents, an author's opinion about any historical personality or phenomena. To write an essay on history, a student (or applicant, or student) must have solid knowledge on a given topic. At the same time, a sample essay on social science is not suitable as an example, because this discipline often considers moral and ethical issues. Although writing an essay on this subject requires sufficient erudition in many areas.

But the question of how to issue an essay is important. The sample historical essay in its structure, again, does not deviate from the given rules. However, additional requirements may be imposed on it in the form of a used list of references and a title page.

Writing an essay on history

Even if a sample essay on history in this moment not at hand, you can write an excellent essay, following these rules:

• To begin with, information is sought on a given topic: even if it is well known, it does not interfere with repeating the material.
• Further, it needs to be structured, to identify cause-and-effect relationships, to approximately paint a plan along which the reasoning will move forward.
• It is important to consider arguments and counterarguments.
• Regarding the style: it is better to ask the teacher which one is recommended to use. In rare, but present, cases, it is necessary to write in a scientific style.
• Do not forget about the conclusion (the importance of the results of the work is described in the description of the structure of the essay).

Russian language

An essay on the Russian language is somewhat like a school essay-reasoning, but on such knowledge tests as the USE, it includes more writing rules. Therein lies its complexity.

The essay must be written according to the text proposed by the examiners, therefore it is necessary:

• Identify the problematic of this text.
• Describe aspects of this problem.
• Argue your point of view about what the author wanted to say.
• To conclude.

As you can see, a clarification is added to the usual structure of the essay: topic (in this case- problems) is revealed by the writer and formulated by him. In addition, when checking an essay in the Russian language, more attention is paid to speech, grammatical and punctuation errors. Additional points in favor of the author in the eyes of the verifier are added when using literary arguments, well-known examples and so on. Consistency also plays an important role here. A sample essay in the Russian language must clearly follow all of the above requirements.

English language

In the language in the post-Soviet countries, where it is not native, they completely depart from the rule of giving a statement or a quote as a topic. When translated into Russian, they are often very simple, and the writing of the essay itself is aimed at checking the use foreign language when expressing your thoughts.

Much attention should be paid to grammar, different times, complex constructions, synonymous with simple words.

Essay in English: classification

Essays in English are usually divided into three types:

• "for" and "against" any phenomenon, which is the topic of the essay;
• essay-opinion, in which it is very important to look at the topic from different angles;
• offer a solution to a problem (often they give something global).

Essay writing in English

And now a specific task was given: to write an essay in English. An example of how this can be done is shown below.

• Use introductory words: moreover, indeed, generally, mostly, usually, recently, besides.
• Insert template phrases with which you can start a paragraph: to begin with, doubtless, one argument is support of.
• Enjoy English cliches, set phrases, idioms, phraseological units and sayings: long story short, one cannot deny, one does not simply, nail drives out nail.
• Do not forget about how you can formulate a conclusion in English: in conclusion, I can say that although, so it’s up to everybody to decide whether … or not.

Registration

Above, it was detailed how to write an essay correctly. The sample, although formally only one was provided, reflects the essence of what is happening and what the inspector wants to see in the opus handed over to him.

But after the essay has been written, there is a problem with its design.

Usually this specification is specified by the teacher. And the obstacle lies specifically in how to arrange the title page in the essay.

A sample is shown below.

Top of the page, in the middle, line by line:

Ministry of Education and Science (country name),

full name of the higher education institution,

faculty,

In the center of the sheet:

discipline,

essay topic.

On the right side of the page:

student(s) of the group (name of the group),

Full Name.

Bottom of the page, middle:

city, year of writing.

From which it follows that making a title page in an essay (the sample shows this very well) is not difficult. The requirements are close to those of the abstract specification.

For example, if you consider a sample essay on history, you can make sure that in this case the work is written on the basis of the sources used. So sometimes a bibliography is required. But even this does not bring much difficulty in how the essay is drawn up. The sample for writing a list of used literature is the same as for reports, abstracts and other similar works.

For example:

Ratus L. G. "Philosophy in the period of modern times". - 1980, No. 3. - S. 19-26.

Mishevsky M. O. "Historical influence of psychology". - P .: Thought, 1965. - 776 p.

Kegor S. M. "Horror and awe". - K .: Respublika, 1983 - 183 p.

Yarosh D. "Personality in the concept of society". — M.: Roslit, 1983. — 343 p. (All sources provided are fictitious and reflect only an example of their design).

Conclusion

At the beginning of the article, a detailed classification of essay types was provided. Summing up, we can identify its simplified section, taking into account all those mentioned here. So, let's conditionally:

• Essays that are written when passing the exam (have clear boundaries of volume, up to the number of words, are written within exactly the agreed time, measured in hours or even minutes, do not have a specification in the form of a title page and bibliography, in turn, are divided by subject, depending from the academic discipline).
• Essays written by students of various universities (the volume is determined in pages, from two to seven, the terms are allocated based on the frequency of classes, seminars, lectures, are drawn up according to the above information along with the title page and the list of sources used).

The article contains: terminology, history, essay design, work sample, structure and requirements. All this will help to successfully write and arrange this work.

Every student will definitely have to face the exams. The first compulsory subject is usually Russian. When I was preparing for the exam, I ran into the problem of what to find detailed description writing is very difficult. Only the plan I have given below comes across. I will try to tell you about the exam in more detail.

The Russian language exam consists of three parts: a test, tasks with your own answer and an extended essay. I was very afraid to go to my exam, but then I realized that there was nothing difficult about it. For the essay, I got 20 points out of 23. I was just in shock. But let's move on to the main thing. To essay writing. The essay on the exam is written according to the text. It can be both excerpts from fiction and newspaper clippings. Therefore, when reading this text, you need to immediately know how to write an essay. It should include several items:

1. Definition of a text problem
2. Author's position
3. Your position
4. Evidence of your position (literary and life example)
5. Conclusion

Problem.

There may be one or more problems in the text. It represents the main idea of ​​the text. What is it written about? It's not that hard to find one of them. But, if you do not identify the problem, then your entire essay will be spoiled. Wrong problem = wrong author's position = own opinion not on the topic of the text = wrong evidence of one's innocence. Therefore, treat this part of the essay as seriously and attentively as possible. It is necessary either to reveal one of them, or all (but it is almost impossible to reveal everything in an essay of 150-300 words). I advise you to take one of the problems. The problem of the text should be clearly highlighted. Think for yourself, essays are checked by a person. 200 texts must pass through it per day. If your essay gets caught at the end of the day, the reviewer will simply not have the strength to look for a problem in your text. And he will put a minus (and this is as much as 3 primary points out of 23). Therefore, the problem should be written clearly, in one sentence. Before posing the problem, you can use 1-2 introductory sentences so as not to “hit on the forehead”. This will only benefit you. No need to write such sentences “THE MAIN problem of the text…”. The problem may not be the main one and you will again be given a minus. Try to avoid it. The simplest option is "ONE OF THE MAIN problems of this text ...". That will be much better. You should also avoid such a wording - "THE TOPIC of this text ...". You define not a topic, but a PROBLEM. No need to pour water. If you reveal one of the problems, then it is not recommended to mention all the others, choose only one. Here you set a problem for yourself (1-2 sentences). Now we need to define the author's position.

Author's position.

It's very simple. You need to find out from the text how the author relates to the problem you are writing about. The length of this part of the text can vary greatly. At your discretion. In this part, you can write several quotes from the text to support what you are saying. But don't plagiarize. Excessive use of clippings from the text can also be counted as a lexical error. The author's position must also be clearly expressed. As well as the problem, so that it can be seen from afar. This is necessary for the same reasons as highlighting the problem.

Your position.

In this part of the text, you must indicate how you yourself feel about this problem. You must say how you feel about the author’s opinion: “agree”, “disagree”, “partially agree”. If you do not fully agree, then be sure to indicate where, in your opinion, the author is right and where not. After that, in support of your words, you must give two examples (more are possible, but not necessary, only the first two are evaluated).

literary example.

For a literary example, you need to remember any works. From kolobok to war and peace. Although if you cite as an example the fairy tale “kolobok” or “pockmarked chicken”, I doubt that you will get the score you need. When will you bring literary example, you must indicate from which work you took your hero. It is also desirable to indicate the author. It also does not hurt to use a quote from this work (well, if it is of course in the subject). You do not need to retell the story, you only need to note the main points that confirm your opinion.

Life example.

Anything can be an example from life. Your personal example, newspaper article, TV news, historical fact, proverb or saying, etc. A quote from some thinker is especially appreciated. But you need to literally convey the phrase up to prepositions and conjunctions. The verifiers know many such expressions and if they notice an error, they will deduct a point from you. Be sure to indicate who said this phrase. And then, based on it, confirm your opinion. If you do not have a life example, then you can easily come up with one yourself. Just don’t try to write in an essay that the example you cited had no place in life. You must convince the verifier that you wrote the true truth.

Conclusion.

In conclusion, write what conclusions can be drawn from all that has been said. How do you finish your text? There are no criteria here. The conclusion as a separate part of the essay is not evaluated. It is only needed to complete the essay.

Well, that's all that could be said. The main thing to remember is that an essay of less than 70 words is not checked at all. No one will count the words in your essay, experienced teachers will determine the approximate volume of the essay according to your handwriting and the number of lines written. You need to delimit text into paragraphs. There should be at least 6 of them. One paragraph for each paragraph of the text (problem, author's position, own position, literary example, real life example, conclusion). Do not engage in correspondence or retelling of the text proposed to you. Well, that's all. I wish you good luck on the exam.

Many people assume that an essay is a regular essay. However, it is not.

Essay is a prose literary genre. Translated from French means "essay" or "sketch". The essay reflects the individual experiences of the author, his view on a particular issue. It does not give an exhaustive answer to a specific question, but reflects one's own opinion or impression.

When writing an essay, logic develops perfectly, the ability to argue one's opinion, and correctly present information. The style of presentation is more conversational.

Characteristic features of an essay

To write an essay correctly, one should take into account the specific features that distinguish it from other genres.

The main features of the essay:

1. The presence of a specific narrow topic that contains a problem and prompts the reader to think.
2. Subjective author's position. The essay is distinguished precisely by the presence of the author's view of the existing problem, his attitude to the world, speech and thinking.
3. Conversational writing style. Complex wording, too long sentences should be avoided. It is important to maintain a casual style in order to establish contact with the reader. At the same time, it is important not to overdo it by turning the essay into a low-quality text full of slang. The correct emotional coloring of the text will be given by short, simple and understandable sentences, the use of different intonation in sentences.
4. Detailed analysis of the problem. Your own point of view must be argued based on factual material.
5. Relative brevity of presentation. There are no restrictions on the number of pages, but the essay is notable for its small volume.
6. Free building. The essay is in the nature of a presentation that does not fit into any specific framework. The construction is subject to its own logic, which the author adheres to, trying to consider the problem from different angles.
7. Presentation logic. Despite the free composition, the essay must have internal unity, consistency of the author's statements expressing his opinion.

Thus, the essay is distinguished by a special style of narration, its purpose is to encourage the reader to think. The author does not insist on his point of view, but, as it were, invites the reader to consider and discuss it.

How to write an essay?

The correct writing of an essay is to understand the features of the genre. Compliance with the basic principles and recommendations for writing will allow you to create an interesting essay.

How to choose a theme

If there is no list of topics among which you can choose one, and only a general direction is given, then you need to consider what audience the essay is intended for. The options may be different: a teacher at a university, a commission, a literary community, an employer. If an essay is written for delivery to a teacher, then it is necessary to consider what qualities will be assessed. Based on this, the topic should be chosen so that it is possible to show the abilities that the verifier expects from the author: originality, the ability to logically build sentences, literacy, professional quality etc.

When choosing a topic for writing an essay from the proposed list, you should choose one that has certain knowledge, considerations, or just a strong interest.

If the essay is focused on the employer, then it is desirable that both the topic and the content of the essay reflect the character of the author, his sincerity, originality, humanity and individuality.

How to start an essay

It often happens that a person who has sufficient eloquence and the ability to express his thoughts on paper has difficulty in starting a composition, including an essay. Thinking about the beginning can stretch for quite a long time, which greatly overshadows the process. creative work. Check out our tips on how to start an essay.

Tip 1. Before you start writing an essay, you need to formulate an idea, define a goal and find sources of information for work.

Tip 2. Use the freewriting technique (free writing). Its essence is to write down all the thoughts that come to mind without editing it and without following grammar, punctuation, style, etc. A great way to help deal with a creative block and find an extraordinary idea.

Tip 3. It is important not to dwell on the introductory part. The introduction can be written after the main part is written. In this case, it is already clear what the essay is about, so it is easier to write the introduction.

Tip 4. One of the fairly common options is to write an essay, starting with a question, the answer to which is given later.

How to plan an essay

You should not strive to compile immediately perfect plan. It can be edited while working. It is generally not necessary to make a plan when writing an essay, as well as stick to an already written plan. The absence of restrictions and rigid frameworks is the advantage of this genre. If it is easier for the author to stick to a strict plan, then it is worth taking the time to compile it.

All the main thoughts should be reflected in the form of points of the plan. Then, detail it as much as possible, breaking each item into sub-items.

What is the structure of an essay

The order of writing an essay usually comes down to three steps.

1. Introductory part

Like any written work, an essay contains an introductory part or introduction.

A well-written introduction makes the reader interested and read the essay to the end. The introductory part may contain the formulation of the problem and its essence, a rhetorical question, a quote, etc. it is important to create a special emotional mood and bring the reader to the problem under consideration.

1. Main part

In the main part, you can give different points of view on the problem under consideration, touch on the history of the issue.

Usually the main part consists of several subparagraphs, each of which consists of three sections: thesis(arguable proposition), justification(arguments used to prove the thesis), subconclusion(partial answer to the main question).

Arguments are judgments made in order to convince the reader of the truth of a certain point of view. It can be various situations from life, opinions of scientists, evidence, etc.

The argument can be built in the following sequence:

1. Statement.
2. Explanation.
3. Example.
4. Final judgment.
5. Conclusion

The conclusion unites all the conclusions made on each thesis presented in the main part. The reader must come to a logical conclusion based on the arguments given. In conclusion, the problem is re-stated and a final conclusion is made.

If the purpose of the introductory part is to interest the reader, then the purpose of the last sentences is to add integrity to the overall picture, leave the work in the reader’s memory and prompt reflection.

The difference between an essay and an essay

The correct writing of an essay is different from writing a regular essay. Therefore, if the task is to write an essay, then you need to take into account the characteristic features of the genre that distinguish it from the rest.

In contrast to the essay, which analyzes piece of art, the essay contains the author's point of view and his position on the problem under consideration.

Also, one of the distinguishing features of an essay from a composition is its paradoxicality, that is, the goal is to surprise the reader, to impress him, using vivid images, aphorisms, paradoxical statements.

Writing Tips:

1. When writing an essay, you should alternate short phrases with long ones. In this case, the text will be dynamic enough to be easy to read.
2. Do not use complex and incomprehensible words, especially if the meaning of the word is unfamiliar.
3. Use as few general phrases as possible. The essay should be unique, individualized, reflecting the personality of the author.
4. Humor must be used with great care. Sarcasm and brashness can annoy the reader.
5. Reflection of personal experience, memories and impressions - great way confirmation of their point of view and beliefs of the reader.
6. It is necessary to stick to the theme and the main idea, without deviating from it and without describing unnecessary details.
7. Having finished the essay, you should re-read it, making sure that the logic of the presentation is maintained throughout the story.
8. The use of facts, research results in an essay - great option to give persuasiveness.

Common mistakes when writing an essay

Knowing the most common mistakes will help you avoid them when writing your own essay.

Mistake 1. The fear of being misunderstood or not making the right impression contributes to the fact that the author removes everything superfluous, outstanding from the essay. Due to this, the essay can lose its individuality and originality.

Error 2. Lack of detail work. A common mistake is the presence of a statement that is not supported by a sufficient number of arguments in the form of examples and evidence.

Mistake 3. Misunderstanding of the essence of the problem stated in the essay or incorrect interpretation of the topic.

Mistake 4. Enumeration of other people's opinions, without indicating their authorship and the absence of their own point of view.

Download Sample Essay

How to write an essay - all the rules from "A" to "Z" updated: February 15, 2019 by: Scientific Articles.Ru

The topics of the USE essays in the Russian language are a rather abstract concept. Rather, we can talk about problems. Each text proposed for analysis by the USE participant contains several problems. Usually there are at least three of them, but there are texts in which up to ten problems can be identified.

Most subjective. In fact, the problem may be present in the text, but not contained in the materials for experts who check the work of students. Most experts in such situations count the wording of the problem.

The difficulty is different: sometimes a student formulates a problem ugly from the point of view of the Russian language, while thinking in the right direction. It turns out the correct, but difficult to understand content. The expert does not always catch the connection between the text of the work and the materials according to which he must check. As a result, the correct thought is scored with zero points.

How to avoid it? There is a list of topics (problems) of the USE essays in the Russian language, it will be given below. This list contains concise but precise formulations that will be clearly understood by an expert. Many of these are taken from past exam reviewer materials or from official exam mock-ups. Problems may vary slightly depending on the source code, but in general the list is exhaustive.

The problem can be formulated as a question or in the genitive.

In terms of evaluating the essay by experts, there is no difference. But using the first method (question) leads to writing a better essay. It makes it possible not to get confused and not to get away from the topic. Site Developer Tip: Formulate the problem as a question. We will also formulate a list of topics (problems) in the form of a question.

List of topics for composing the exam in the Russian language

The relationship between man and nature

How does human activity affect nature?

How should nature be treated?

Why is nature important to humans?

Should man protect nature?

How does nature affect man?

What is wrong with the consumer attitude to nature?

Does man depend on nature?

Why do people often fail to see beauty in nature?

How can nature inspire a person?

How is the destructive power of nature manifested?

Why is it necessary to live in harmony with nature?

What is the beauty of nature?

The relationship between man and animals

Why should a person take care of animals?

Why do homeless animals evoke compassion?

How should people treat their pets?

Do all people love animals?

Why is man so often cruel to animals?

What makes a person kill animals?

Can an animal be useful to a person?

Is a person always smarter than an animal?

Family relationships, childhood

How does the family influence the formation of a child's personality?

Is there anything stronger than a mother's love?

How do parents show concern for their children?

Why are parents strict with their children?

What influences the process of formation of children's worldview?

Is a mother's love always good?

How does education affect the future of a person?

Should children leave their parents?

What kind of atmosphere should be in the family?

Do relationships in the family affect the character of the child?

Why should parents be honest with their children?

Why do conflicts between "fathers" and "children" occur?

What do childhood memories mean to a person?

Is childhood always the happiest time?

The beauty and wealth of the Russian language

What does native language mean for a person?

Why is it necessary to protect the Russian language?

What does an irresponsible attitude towards one's native language lead to?

Why do young people neglect the rules of the Russian language?

What is the wealth of the Russian language?

School, teachers, books

Why is it important for a person to get a good education?

How is the school involved in shaping the personality of the child?

Why are school lessons important?

Why should you remember your teachers?

Is every teacher good?

What should be a real teacher?

Why should a person seek knowledge?

What's wrong with not wanting to learn?

What are the consequences of the work of an incompetent teacher?

How do books influence a person's worldview?

What place should reading take in a person's life?

Inner world, moral qualities of a person

What can a person's appearance say?

Is a person beautiful on the outside always beautiful on the inside?

In what situations is a person's character manifested?

What internal qualities of a person can be considered correct?

What is a truly rich inner world?

Why do people do immoral things?

Is there any way to justify betrayal?

Why do people embark on the path of spiritual degradation?

How is cowardice manifested?

What kind of person can be called callous, heartless?

What causes human cruelty?

Why do intrapersonal conflicts occur?

Can a moral person betray his principles?

friendship

Can true friendship ever end?

Why do fights happen between friends?

Why does friendship not tolerate betrayal?

What kind of person can be called a true friend?

Can friends be rivals?

Love

What is true love?

How should you treat the person you love?

Is love always happy?

What can a person do in the name of love?

Why is unrequited love dangerous?

Is it possible to forgive a loved one?

Social problems

How should the poor be treated?

Why should you help the homeless?

Is it always possible to trust the authorities?

How does the problem of servility manifest itself?

Why can the rich control the destinies of the poor?

Why is crime rampant?

Is there any way to justify stealing?

What can make a person drunk?

Are the poor always to blame for their financial situation?

Upbringing

What kind of person can be called educated?

Will a well-mannered person be rude or rude?

Why should a person be responsive?

Who educates a person?

Why is it important to respect others?

Should a person be polite?

Art in human life

Is a talented person always noticed?

What gives a person art?

How does music affect a person?

Is it possible to express through art what cannot be expressed in words?

What did music mean to people in wartime?

Do brilliant people always live happily?

Why do people love art?

How does art help a person?

War time

Why was heroism common in wartime?

What are people who love their Motherland ready for?

What kind of person can be called a patriot?

How is false patriotism manifested?

Does it make sense to treat the enemy humanely?

Why is war a grief for every family?

Why should we remember the heroes of the war?

How does humanity keep the memory of the Great Patriotic war?

The list of problems can be extended. New problems will be added to the general list, stay tuned.