Euonymus ornamental trees and shrubs. Plum details. Cultivation, useful properties and variety selection. Application in the garden
Astrakhan tomatoes ripen remarkably lying on the ground, but you should not repeat this experience in the Moscow region. Our tomatoes need support, support, a garter. My neighbors use all sorts of pegs, garters, loops, ready-made plant supports, and mesh fences. Each method of fixing the plant in an upright position has its own advantages and "side effects". I'll tell you how I place tomato bushes on trellises, and what comes of it.
Flies are a sign of unsanitary conditions and carriers of infectious diseases that are dangerous for both humans and animals. People are constantly looking for ways to get rid of nasty insects. In this article, we will talk about the Zlobny TED brand, which specializes in fly protection products and knows a lot about them. The manufacturer has developed a specialized line of drugs to get rid of flying insects anywhere quickly, safely and without extra costs.
The summer months are the time for hydrangeas to bloom. This beautiful deciduous shrub is luxuriously fragrant with flowers from June to September. Florists willingly use large inflorescences for wedding decors and bouquets. To admire the beauty of a flowering hydrangea bush in your garden, you should take care of the proper conditions for it. Unfortunately, some hydrangeas do not bloom year after year, despite the care and efforts of gardeners. Why this happens, we will tell in the article.
Every summer resident knows that plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for full development. These are the three main macronutrients, the deficiency of which significantly affects appearance and yield of plants, and in advanced cases can lead to their death. But at the same time, not everyone understands the importance of other macro- and microelements for plant health. And they are important not only in themselves, but also for the effective absorption of the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, are one of the early fragrant berries that summer generously endows us with. How we rejoice in this harvest! In order for the "berry boom" to repeat every year, we need to take care of the care of the berry bushes in the summer (after the end of fruiting). The laying of flower buds, from which ovaries will form in spring, and berries in summer, begins approximately 30 days after the end of fruiting.
Spicy pickled watermelon is a savory snack for fatty meat. Watermelons and watermelon rinds have been pickled since time immemorial, but the process is laborious and time consuming. According to my recipe, it’s easy to cook pickled watermelon in 10 minutes, and a spicy snack will be ready by the evening. The watermelon marinated with spices and chili is stored in the refrigerator for several days. Be sure to keep the jar in the refrigerator, not only for the sake of preservation - chilled, this snack is just licking your fingers!
Among the variety of species and hybrids of philodendrons, there are many plants, both gigantic and compact. But not a single species competes in unpretentiousness with the main modest - blushing philodendron. True, his modesty does not concern the appearance of the plant. Reddening stems and cuttings, huge leaves, long shoots, forming, although very large, but also strikingly elegant silhouette, look very elegant. Philodendron blushing requires only one thing - at least minimal care.
Thick Chickpea Soup with Vegetables and Egg is an easy recipe for a hearty first course inspired by Oriental cuisine. Similar thick soups are prepared in India, Morocco, and the countries of Southeast Asia. The tone is set by spices and seasonings - garlic, chili, ginger and a bouquet of spicy spices, which can be assembled to your liking. It is better to fry vegetables and spices in melted butter (ghee) or mix olive oil and butter, it's certainly not the same, but similar in taste.
Plum - well, who does not know her ?! She is loved by many gardeners. And all because it has an impressive list of varieties, surprises with excellent harvests, pleases with its variety in terms of ripening and a huge choice of color, shape and taste of fruits. Yes, somewhere she feels better, somewhere worse, but almost no summer resident refuses to grow her on her plot. Today it can be found not only in the south, in the middle lane, but also in the Urals, in Siberia.
Many decorative and fruit crops, except for drought-resistant ones, suffer from the scorching sun, and conifers in the winter-spring period - from sunlight, enhanced by reflection from snow. In this article we will talk about a unique preparation for protecting plants from sunburn and drought - Sunshet Agrosuccess. The problem is relevant for most regions of Russia. In February and early March, the sun's rays become more active, and the plants are not yet ready for new conditions.
“Each vegetable has its own time”, and each plant has its own optimal time for planting. Anyone who has experienced planting is well aware that the hot season for planting is spring and autumn. This is due to several factors: in spring, the plants have not yet started to grow rapidly, there is no sweltering heat, and precipitation often falls. However, no matter how hard we try, circumstances often develop in such a way that landings have to be carried out at the very height of summer.
Chile con carne translated from Spanish- chili with meat. This is a Texan and Mexican dish whose main ingredients are chili peppers and minced beef. In addition to the main products, there are onions, carrots, tomatoes, and beans. This red lentil chili recipe is delicious! The dish is fiery, burning, very satisfying and amazingly tasty! You can cook a large pot, arrange in containers and freeze - a whole week will be a delicious dinner.
Cucumber is one of the most beloved garden crops of our summer residents. However, not all and not always gardeners manage to get a really good harvest. And although growing cucumbers requires regular attention and care, there is a little secret that will significantly increase their yield. It's about pinching cucumbers. Why, how and when to pinch cucumbers, we will tell in the article. An important point The agricultural technique of cucumbers is their formation, or type of growth.
Now every gardener has the opportunity to grow absolutely organic, healthy fruits and vegetables in his own garden. The microbiological fertilizer Atlant will help in this. It contains helper bacteria that settle in the zone of the root system and begin to work for the benefit of the plant, allowing it to actively grow, stay healthy and give high yields. Usually, many microorganisms coexist around the root system of plants.
Summer is associated with beautiful flowers. Both in the garden and in the rooms you want to admire the luxurious inflorescences and touching flowers. And for this it is not at all necessary to use cut bouquets. In the range of the best indoor plants many beautiful flowering species. In the summer, when they receive the brightest lighting and the optimal duration of daylight hours, they can outshine any bouquet. Short-lived or just annual crops look like living bouquets.
EVERSKLETS
Simple, perfectly adapted to the harsh climate and at the same time inimitably bright and elegant spindle tree is a unique shrub. A wide variety of species of different heights and decorativeness make it possible to use spindle trees in forest imitations, in natural plantings, and in regular or modern styles. Stability and bright details are the main advantages of this familiar, but not boring shrub.
Reliable shrub with high decorative effect
The name Euonymus, associated with the Latin "good, glorious", received the euonymus because of its exceptional practical and decorative merits. Poisonousness is the only drawback of these plants. Euonymos are magnificent all-rounders, attracting attention with their bright autumn outfit of leaves and fruits no less than with a beautiful transparent crown.
Euonymus - evergreen and deciduous low shrubs or trees with beautiful round or tetrahedral shoots, most often covered with cork growths and warts. The leaves are smooth, leathery, from lanceolate to oval, small in creeping species, up to 11 cm in shrubs. The basic dark or bright green summer outfit is usually combined with dazzling light young leaves and clear acrylic colors of autumn foliage - pink, red, raspberry, white , violet, magenta, orange gamma. There are spindle trees that look like a solid "candy" spot, and there are species that conquer with a combination of dozens of shades.
The flowers are inconspicuous, collected in the axils of the leaves in semi-umbrellas, hardly noticeable against the background of the leaves. Euonymous flowers bloom during the unfolding of leaves, at the end of spring. But the fruits, even if they ripen for a long time - until September-October, are irresistible. A winged leathery box with four wing-blades and seeds covered with a fleshy bright seed coat looks original and dazzling, as if clusters of berries hang down from a flower. The red or pink color of the wings is combined with the orange, red or pink color of the seedlings. Bright fruits adorn the gardens even after the plant sheds all the leaves.
Euonymus is one of the most reliable shrubs and brings interesting colors and textures to the garden. They reach their peak of decorativeness in autumn, but there is something to admire in the rest of the year.
Growing and planting conditions
Euonymus - amazingly unpretentious and resistant plants. They perfectly put up with urban conditions, are smoke-resistant, are not afraid of a polluted environment and even proximity to the roadway. They adapt well to different lighting conditions. All euonymus can grow both in the sun and in partial shade or shade, however, some species have their own characteristics (Maak's euonymus is photophilous, sacred euonymus is shade-loving). Variegated forms and varieties prefer bright lighting.
Euonymous euonymus demonstrate similar plasticity in terms of the soil selection parameter. In any place where there is no stagnant groundwater, they will take root. These shrubs develop better on loose, neutral or slightly alkaline, nutritious and light soils, but in general they are undemanding to fertility.
Euonymus is not afraid of transplantation, subject to the simplest conditions - maintaining the same level of deepening, planting in spacious individual pits, abundant watering - they take root well.
The most frost-resistant and often cultivated species include warty, winged and European euonymus species. And one of the most decorative species - Fortune's euonymus - will require special care, since in winter it can freeze over most of Russia.
Features of care
In general, spindle trees can be classified as "plant and forget" shrubs. As such, they do not need care, but at least without a few procedures it will not be possible to achieve abundant fruiting and admire the luxurious necklaces of fruits.
Optimal euonymus care includes:
1) one single top dressing;
2) 3-4 waterings in summer during a drought (it is better for young plants to provide systemic procedures when the topsoil dries up);
3) soil mulching, which is updated every spring;
4) loosening the soil and controlling weeds as needed;
5) sanitary cleaning (removal of damaged or dry branches);
6) the formation of bushes, if desired, which can be carried out after fruiting (both light and heavy pruning with shrubs are well tolerated under the condition of dense tillering).
The main disadvantage of euonymus is that they are very attractive to pests. All known garden pests of both ornamental and fruit plants can settle on them. You can deal with problems by preventive spraying with systemic fungicides.
Wintering of euonymus
Even among euonymus, which are considered rare or exclusive, they belong to the number the best varieties, winter hardiness is sufficient to withstand harsh winters. Partial freezing of annual shoots, as a rule, does not affect the decorative effect of bushes and does not lead to their death. But the large distribution of imported euonymus, which did not undergo adaptation, somewhat changed general rules winter preparation.
If the plants have been grown or adapted in your area, then they do not need any preparation. But varieties of unknown origin or ordered from Western catalogs can be seriously affected in the first 2-3 winters. After the onset of stable light frosts, it is better to additionally cover them with a hillock and dry leaves at least 15 cm high. Even very young Fortune euonymus will not need full shelter.
Reproduction of euonymus
These shrubs can be propagated by simple methods - by dividing bushes, separating root offspring - and by cutting young shoots (cut cuttings in the middle or early summer, rooted under a cap).
It is more difficult to get spindle trees from seeds, they require stratification or waiting for germination within 2 years. Seedlings grow on a separate bed for 2 years, they are transferred to a permanent place only for the third year.
Types and varieties of euonymus
Of the more than two hundred species of euonymus, all plants without exception are decorative, attractive, promising in different styles landscape design. But still, some shortcomings of wild euonymus led to the selection of a group of species that are more popular as cultivated plants.
Of the three dozen actively used in modern landscape design plants, dwarf and creeping euonymus deserve special popularity.
Fortune's euonymus (Euonymus fortunei)
- the most favorite type of creeping euonymus with the most varied color of foliage. Long horizontal shoots create stunning spots and coatings that sparkle with shiny small leaves. In varieties, dark green color is less common than variegated and unusual variations with different borders and spotting. The flowers are small, the fruits are much less noticeable and wingless. The plant is inimitable both in borders, and as a ground cover, and as a filler, and as a soloist. Popular forms and varieties:
"Emerald" n Gold "- leaves are dark green with white veins and a yellow border around the edge;
"Emerald Gaiety" - differs from the previous whitish edging of the leaves;
"Coloratus" - the leaves acquire an autumn purple color only from their lower side, remaining green from above;
"Minimus" - a very miniature spindle tree with dark green leaves a little over a centimeter in size;
"Radicans" - an evergreen variety with matte leaves, capable of strengthening its roots on trees and walls, acting as a creeper, shade-tolerant;
‘Silver Queen’, ‘Variegatus’, ‘Harlequin’ – variegated euonymus.
Euonymus dwarf (Euonymus nanus) - a low-growing creeping shrub only up to 1 m high, famous for the ability of shoots to take root at the nodes, giving numerous ascending peaks. It develops in the form of an evergreen, dense, stunningly beautiful curly curtain of ascending and creeping shoots. Young twigs are light green, with warts, gradually changing color to grayish-beige. The leaves are medium-sized, up to 4 cm in length, very narrow, with a folded edge and a dazzlingly bright color. The flowers are small in semi-umbels, the fruits are pink or yellow. But it is very rare to observe berries on this euonymus.
But even larger types of euonymus deserve attention and widespread use.
Winged Euonymus (Euonymus alatus) - large, strongly branched, looking like a stunning transparent-tiered miracle shrubs up to 2.5 m high, somewhat lower than the miniature variety "Compactus". Their shoots are winged, tetrahedral, light gray, young branches are almost red, rhombic large leaves with a dark color in autumn change color to crimson-red tones. The fruits are dark, bright red. But all the hedgehogs main advantage of the species is precisely the beauty of the branches.
European spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus) - a bushy, slender tree, in gardens reaching, if not six meters, but more than three meters in height. Young shoots are green, with beautiful cork growths. The leaves are large, ovate, muted green. In autumn, the foliage is repainted in all shades of red. The fruits are four-leaved, red, very large, with orange seedlings. Due to the dense root system, it can serve to strengthen the slopes. Popular variety "Red Cascade", reaching at favorable conditions 5 m high. Much lower is the miniature variety "Nana", often grown as a small standard tree.
Large-winged Euonymus (Euonymus macropterus) - a large tree up to 9 m high in nature, in the garden most often developing in the form of tall, from 2 to 3 m in height, shrubs. Dark bark and large oblong-oval leaves create a beautiful openwork crown. Greenish-white flowers are inconspicuous, but the four-lobed fruit boxes with crimson wings are red-bloody, spectacular, catchy. The species bears fruit in mid-September.
Dark Purple Euonymus (Euonymus atropurpureus) - a tall shrub with a narrow crown almost half the height, with beautiful shoots, light green summer leaves, scarlet berries in non-standard seedlings and a dazzling carmine autumn crown color.
Euonymus maackii (Euonymus maackii) - developing in the form of a slender translucent tree or a wide-spread, but graceful shrub species with spreading branches, bright orange fruits, ripening in October. The species became famous primarily for its unique umbrella-shaped crown, dark bark, grayish leaves, which show off in summer with a light green tone, and in autumn - pastel pink, as if glowing in the sun. The fruits are pink-purple. This is a stunningly airy plant that lends lightness to any decor despite its size.
Sakhalin spindle tree (Euonymus sachalinensis) - a tall, powerful shrub up to 2.5 m high with an airy, elegant crown and large, more than 10 cm long leaves. Carmine fruits with yellowish seedlings sparkle against the background of a motley autumn crown, gradually repainting into brighter tones.
Warty spindle tree (Euonymus verrucosus)- a shrub about 2 m high, with bright green shoots covered with black warts, a transparent lace crown and inconspicuous, but luminous flowers against the background of leaves. Grayish leaves emphasize the color of pink fruits with brown seedlings, which seem to anticipate a pink fire that covers the entire crown.
Maximovich's Euonymus (Euonymus maximowiczianus) - a shrub up to 3 m high with a very beautiful openwork pattern of a translucent crown. The foliage is delicate, light green, in autumn - light pink. Against its background, dark red fruits appear brightly. This euonymus adds a backlight effect to autumn landscapes.
Hamilton's spindle tree (Euonymus hamiltonianus) - a species common in nature, growing in the form of a tall shrub up to 3-5 meters in size, or a tree reaching 20 meters in height in some parts of the world. Has everything characteristics euonymus. In landscape design, the variety "Winter Glory" is often found.
Use in garden design
Creeping euonymus creates dense, massive, curly-dense, ornamental textures. Bushy or tree-shaped spindle trees with their densely branched crowns, on the contrary, never look dense or massive. The leaves are sparse and medium-sized, the shoots are densely branched, thanks to which this shrub always looks like an openwork-lace, transparent miracle glowing in the sun. Visual lightness and unique mosaic ornamentation make it possible to introduce spindle trees in compositions with trees and other shrubs to compensate for more massive plants.
Large euonymus can play a variety of roles:
- openwork, visually light addition to shrubs and trees with a dense crown;
- autumn accent;
- plants for hedges;
- air "lighting" for large groups";
- colorful background;
- soloist;
- a luminous element in loose landscape groups;
- transparent undergrowth;
- a skeletal plant, attractive in winter due to bright fruits.
PLANTS TO STRENGTHEN THE SLOPE
Creeping euonymus use:
- to fill the soil;
- in rocky gardens and on alpine hills;
- to create colorful and contrasting spots;
- in front flower beds;
- for the edge;
- in the design of the foreground of flower beds;
- as a border culture;
- as a ground cover plant;
- in arrays.
"Site about plants", www.site
In nature, this species grows in China. It has been known in culture since 1907 on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, in Ukraine. Currently grown up to St. Petersburg. It is an essential ground cover plant.
Euonymus fortunei
Photo by Marina Shimanskaya
Very different from those listed. Firstly, it is a creeping shrub with long shoots, and secondly, it is one of the few evergreen deciduous plants that can grow in central Russia. Thanks to its creeping shoots in winter, it is completely covered with snow, which ensures its stability. Its dark green leathery shiny elliptical leaves are only 2-4 cm long, their edges are uneven, crenate and somewhat curved. Fortune's euonymus has many decorative forms that differ in the color of the foliage. The leaves may be white or yellow edging, white or yellow spotting. Forms reproduce only vegetatively - layering and cuttings. The flowers are small greenish-white, the fruits-boxes are also smaller than in other species. In shape, they are flattened-spherical, wingless. In the middle lane and to the north, only creeping forms are stable.
E.fortunei var. radicans(Miq.) Rehder- B. Fortuna rooting. A creeping or climbing evergreen shrub. Japan, South Korea. In GBS since 1988, 1 sample (20 copies) was grown from seeds obtained from natural habitats. At 4 years, the length of the shoots is about 1.1 m. Vegetation from mid-April to the beginning of frost. Young plants have an average growth rate. Doesn't bloom. Winter hardiness is high (with shelter). 90% of summer cuttings take root.
"Coloratus"- height 0.4 m, crown diameter up to 2 m, purple leaves in autumn. Suitable for growing in the shade.
"Dart's Blanket"- height up to 0.5 m. Leaves 4-6 cm long, dark green in summer, light red to purple in autumn.
"Dart's Carpet"- height 0.3 m, the leaves are small, long, dark green in summer, in winter they acquire a bronze color.
"Emerald Gaiety". Slow-growing ground cover shrub 0.3 m high, about 1 m wide with white-edged leaves. Rounded evergreen leaves up to 5 cm long, with a reddish color in autumn.
"Emerald Gold". Slow-growing evergreen shrub up to 0.5 m in height, can grow up to 1-1.5 m wide, with yellow-variegated leaves. Each leaf (up to 5 cm long) is unevenly covered with yellow spots and stripes along the edge. In autumn, the bush takes on a reddish color.
"Gracilis"- a ground cover plant with long shoots up to 1.5 m. Leaves up to 4 cm long, yellowish, later white along the edge, reddening in the middle. It grows slowly. Pruning can be given any shape.
"Minimus"- grows slowly, height is about 15 cm. The leaves are small, 15 mm long, rounded, shiny, green all year round.
"Sunspot"- a ground cover plant, unlike others, it cannot be planted in the shade, as the variegated color disappears, - yellow spots in the middle of the leaf. A new variety of American selection.
"Sunshine"- has yellow spots on the leaves. In 1978 he was awarded a medal at an exhibition in Boskop.
"Silver Queen". Shrub 0.8 m high with leaves of light yellow color, then they become grayish-green.
"Surth"- a new variety with shoots pressed to the ground and small light green leaves. A ground cover plant, it is considered very promising.
"Vegetus"- a beautiful plant with thick shoots and large rounded leaves, bears fruit abundantly, the fruits are light yellow, shiny. Suitable for a low hedge or border, up to 50 cm high.
"Variegatus"("Gracilis"). Shrub 0.2-0.3 m high, 0.5-1 m wide with green leaves bordered with a white stripe. It grows widely to the sides.
 "Argenteo Variegata" Photo EDSR. |
 "Aureo Variegata" Photo EDSR. |
This is only some of the variegated varieties belonging to this species. In addition to them, there are varieties " Silver Gem"("Argenteo-marginatus") with white-variegated young leaves, sometimes with a pink edge; " Argenteo Variegata"with silver-variegated leaves;" Aureo Variegata"with golden variegated leaves;" Harlequin" with dark green leaves, with white strokes, etc.
Needs loosening and mulching. It tolerates pruning and shearing well. Pruning is possible at any time, but most often only interfering shoots are pruned. In variegated forms, it is necessary to remove green shoots, which are very different from the main mass. Rarely affected by disease. Propagated by cuttings from August to October. Container (or tub) culture, groundcover. Suitable for borders, balcony gardening, rocky gardens. Can overwinter indoors. In the presence of a support, some varieties can twist it.
Euonymus is one of the most beautiful woody plants in Europe and Asia. The article discusses how landing and proper care. The presented photos allow you to get acquainted with the decorative varieties of this shrub. The described methods of propagation of the spindle tree will help everyone to stock up on the necessary amount of planting material to create a hedge or colorful design of the territory. personal plot. Fertilization will ensure good growth of seedlings, bright colors of its leaves and fruits.
Varieties and varieties of euonymus
The genus Euonymus is a member of the Euonymus family. Some types of euonymus are shrubs, others are trees. They can be evergreen or deciduous. The most attractive feature of the plant, which is shown in the photo, is the variety of autumn colors of the leaves, which simultaneously combine red, yellow, white, orange, purple, burgundy shades.
Euonymus in autumn
Bright fruits due to the presence of toxic substances should not be eaten, but their unusual shape (pink lanterns with hanging earrings) is a wonderful garden decoration in late autumn. During frosts and snow blizzards, birds wintering in our latitudes feast on the fruits. Euonymus is also valued as medicinal plant, and planting it next to apple trees allows you to fight one of the most dangerous pests of these fruit trees - the codling moth.
Flowering of the warty euonymus
The most common varieties of euonymus include the following:
- Fortune's Euonymus- a low evergreen shrub, brought from China by the English scientist R. Fortune. The height of this evergreen frost-resistant shrub does not exceed 50 cm. It has dark green leaves with a white or yellow border around the edges, as seen in the photo. The fruits of the plant are less bright compared to tall species, but quite spectacular. In the climate of the middle zone, this variety rarely blooms and bears fruit;
Fortune's Euonymus
- warty euonymus- deciduous shrub, common in the mountainous regions of Russia, Ukraine, the center and southeast of Europe. Differs in unpretentiousness, frost resistance, high decorative qualities. Bushes reach a height of 1.5 m, the branches have thickenings (warts), are characterized by slow growth, adding only 10-12 cm annually;
warty euonymus
- Euonymus european- often found in broad-leaved forests of the central and southern regions of Russia, grows in Western Europe, Asia Minor, on the Balkan Peninsula. Another name for this species is Bruslin's euonymus, in America - spindle-shaped tree. The plant reaches a height of 2 to 8 m, can withstand up to 15 degrees of frost;
Euonymus european
- Japanese euonymus- a heat-loving variety from Japan that cannot withstand temperatures below 5 degrees. It can be grown in an apartment or a heated winter garden. The plant may have shiny green or variegated leaves, at home its height does not exceed 0.5 m. Some natural species of Japanese spindle tree grow in the form of a vine 5-7 m long;
Japanese euonymus
- Euonymus dwarf- a rare shade-tolerant species, reaching 1 m in height and preferring carbonate soils. The shrub is very decorative due to finely toothed leathery leaves and yellow-green fruits. With a tight fit in a row and a regular haircut, it is well suited for creating a beautiful border. When grafted onto a Japanese euonymus, you can get specimens with a weeping crown shape;
Euonymus dwarf
- Euonymus winged compactus- shade-tolerant deciduous plant 1-2 m tall, imported from the Far East. The branches have a rounded shape with edges formed by longitudinal growths, dark red fruits are in the form of boxes, with the advent of autumn, the leaves become bright red in color, giving a special elegant look to the plants.
Euonymus winged compactus
Planting seedlings
When choosing a place for planting seedlings, it must be taken into account that the plant does not like stagnant water and does not grow well on acidic soils. For strongly growing varieties, a spacious place is needed away from plantings and buildings. Planting dwarf species in bulky boxes or well-permeable containers will allow, with the onset of a cold snap, to bring them into a bright, cool room or winter garden with maintaining the temperature within 5-10 ° C. For planting euonymus, early spring or mid-autumn is suitable.
Euonymus seedling
Work sequence:
- A hole is dug, the width and depth of which should be twice the size of the root system of the bush.
- At the bottom of the pit, drainage is created, consisting of sand, expanded clay or broken brick, then humus or ripe compost is poured.
- The earth and the nutrient layer are moistened, then the seedling is placed on the bottom, covered with soil with the upper layer compacted.
- The surface of the earth is watered.
Advice. In order for moisture from the soil to evaporate more slowly, the surface should be mulched with peat; instead, crushed tree bark can also be used. From time to time, the mulch layer can be updated by adding peat. Due to this, a soil crust will not form, which contributes to increased evaporation of moisture, and it will become more difficult for weed seeds to enter and germinate.
plant care
Euonymus, like most shrubs, requires regular pruning. In the spring, dried, damaged branches are cut off, the crown of the plant is formed, in the summer, a haircut will allow you to align the border of the bushes, give it the correct geometric shape. This shrub does not require frequent watering, therefore, in dry weather, it can be watered rarely and moderately.
Pruning allows you to give the shrub the desired shape
For good growth, the soil around the plant is loosened several times per season, fertilization will also improve its development, ensuring sufficient nutrient supply to the roots. At a young age, the shrub needs to be covered for the winter to protect it from low temperatures; adult specimens are not afraid of frost.
Advice. The sap of the plant is poisonous, so when pruning or other types of work that require contact with the plant, you need to protect your hands with strong gloves made of dense fabric.
Fertilizer and top dressing of euonymus
In order for the plant to please you with a healthy look, beautiful leaves and abundant fruit, it is fertilized twice a year. In the spring, during the formation of flower buds, manure diluted with water (1:10) is a good top dressing, it can be replaced with bird droppings, reducing the concentration of the infusion by 2 times.
Fertilize twice a season
During the flowering period, complex-type mineral fertilizers containing trace elements can be applied. You can increase the size of ripening fruits by adding a small amount of phosphate and potash fertilizers during summer watering. If the soil is clayey, it is recommended to add a little sand and slaked lime in the autumn before digging the tree trunks.
Shrub propagation
At seed propagation it is necessary to collect fruits at the beginning of cracking. After cleansing from the pulp and processing in a solution of potassium permanganate seeds planted in the ground, the embedment should be shallow (up to 2 cm). During spring planting, they are preliminarily subjected to stratification - exposure in a cool place (10-12 ° C) for 3 or 4 months. followed by placement in a refrigerator compartment with a temperature of 0 to 3 ° C for several months.
Euonymus seeds
Small plants of dwarf varieties are easy to propagate dividing the bush. At the same time, new shoots are separated with a small part of the root. Having cut the branches to two-thirds of their length, you can plant the root offspring in a prepared place. Such a plant takes root easily and soon forms a strong bush, growing in width.
Green stem of euonymus
Euonymus can be propagated and cuttings. But they should be harvested from a plant no older than 5 years. They start cutting in the last days of June or in the first decade of July. Each cutting should have one internode and a length of about 7 cm. Planting is done in a greenhouse with fertile soil, the cuttings are covered with sand for several centimeters. Rooting time is usually 1.5 months, after which they can be transplanted to an open bed.
Euonymus pests and the diseases they cause
Euonymus can be affected by spider mites and aphids, this is accompanied by the appearance of silvery areas on the leaves, deformation and loss of part of the foliage. The disease can be prevented by treatment in the spring with a solution of colloidal sulfur, in the summer - spraying with a soapy solution, an insecticidal agent "Aktara" or its analogue.
Also, the plant can inhibit the mealybug and caterpillars of the codling moth, which, according to the observations of gardeners, prefer to eat euonymus leaves, rather than those growing near fruit trees. To control pests, you can use decoctions of herbs and special chemicals that are produced by the industry in a large assortment.
Leaves affected by euonymus scab
Having given quite a bit of time and effort to growing euonymus, you can decorate the site with individual specimens of this shrub or create from it hedge, almost all year round pleasing with its attractive appearance. This plant will protect the orchard's apple trees from pest damage, increasing their yield.
Euonymus in the garden: video
Euonymus flowering: photo
Euonymus- an amazing plant that grows at home, botanical gardens or greenhouses. It has multi-colored leaves and burgundy-red seed boxes. Distributed throughout the world.
general description
They are the main food of birds. Therefore, the fruits of the plant are called "robin berries".
Flowering occurs in late spring. The flowers are tiny, inconspicuous, but very fragrant. After flowering, seed pods are formed.
The leaves are decorated with "flashes" - multi-colored flowers. One sheet can have 5-6 different shades. You can consider snow-white, amber, fiery orange, lilac, pale pink, carmine and burgundy.
The plant is distributed throughout the world. Basically, Euonymus grows in areas where all four seasons are present. In the Russian Federation, the tree grows in the southern and central regions.
Important! Formed boxes with seeds look like small parachutes. Possess original beauty. But eating them is strictly prohibited! They contain toxic substances in their composition.
Kinds
This representative of the flora covers more than 200 different subspecies. But the Russian climate can withstand only 20. The plant can decorate flower arrangements. Some species of Euonymus are poisonous, but may have healing properties.
Let us consider in more detail all types of Euonymus with a photo.
(verrucosus) refers to deciduous shrubs. Forms seals on shoots. It has a low growth rate. Withstands temperature fluctuations. Grown as an ornamental representative of the flora. 
(europaeus) is a small deciduous tree. It reaches a height of no more than 7 m. It is very shade-tolerant. It has even stems with four faces. Forms fruit boxes in late autumn.
(nanus) – ornamental plant with amazing emerald leaves. Refers to shade-loving cultures. It has vertical stems, reaching a height of more than 1 m. By the end of summer, it forms fruit boxes.
(alata) is a deciduous shrub. It reaches a height of no more than 2 m. It is very shade-tolerant. Withstands slight temperature fluctuations. Grows in the north. The homeland of the plant is the Far East.
(fortune)- a beautiful evergreen frost-resistant shrub. Refers to creeping cultures. It grows up to 30-60 cm. But the stems grow up to 3 m. They cling to supports and reach for the sun.
Japanese Euonymus (japonicus) grows only in the south. May look like a vine or shrub. It reaches a length of 5-7 m. It has elongated leathery leaves. For the winter requires mandatory mulching. Can be grown at home.
Euonymus Semenov (semenovii) is an evergreen shrub. It reaches a height of no more than 1 m. It belongs to creeping crops. It has elongated leathery leaves of amber-emerald hue. Petioles are very short, growing to 2x6 cm.
The flowers are miniature, lilac. They grow along the edges of the stems. Collected in inflorescences-umbrellas. The edges of the flower petals are painted in an emerald hue. Flowering occurs in mid-summer, fruiting - in early autumn. The plant grows in mountainous areas. Likes shady areas. Resistant to temperature fluctuations. Winter-hardy.
Large-winged Euonymus (ussuriensis) grows in pine and mixed forests. Is an shade-tolerant plant. It is a deciduous tree, reaching a height of 9 m. It can also look like a shrub. On the trunk it has emerald or brown bark.
Leaflets are elongated, wide, elliptical. The flowers are miniature, emerald-white. Collected in forked inflorescences. They grow on elongated peduncles. After flowering, oval fruits are formed. Seed amber-orange, with a large number of seeds. Fruiting occurs 7-8 years after planting.
Euonymus Koopmann (koopmanni) grows in Asia and central Russia. Possesses vegetative propagation. Forms elongated creeping loops adjacent to the soil. Such loops take root very well. New full-fledged shoots can grow from them. The plant reaches a height of no more than 1 m.
It has elongated lanceolate leaves, reaching a length of 7-8 cm. Flowers grow on elongated peduncles. Collected in single inflorescences. Flowering occurs in mid-summer. Grows on any kind of soil. Withstands slight temperature fluctuations.
Euonymus red-fruited (miniata) grows on the Kuril Islands. It is also an adornment of greenhouses and botanical gardens. Refers to shade-tolerant crops. It differs from other subspecies in its beautiful burgundy-bloody flowers. After flowering, it forms red seed pods.
In autumn, the leaves and fruits begin to burn. They are decorated with a lilac tint. Crown formation is not required. The plant is demanding on mineral fertilized soils. Responds well to top dressing. Prefers lime and nitrogen. Cleans the air of dust and carbon monoxide.
Euonymus Maak (maackii)- prefers broad-leaved forests, river valleys. It reaches a height of 2-3 m. It has an openwork spreading crown. The stem of the tree is covered with brown wrinkled bark. The stems are even, with four faces. Covered with cork rolls. The leaves are large, elongated, reaching 8-9 cm.
After a while they get very dark. In autumn they turn pink and lilac. The flowers are emerald-white, with a large number of stamens. After flowering, it forms pear-shaped boxes of a lilac hue. Seeds burgundy-brown. Fruiting occurs 5-8 years after planting.
Maximovich's spindle tree (maximovicziana) prefers pine forests. It grows on the slopes of mountainous areas. It is winter-hardy and drought-resistant. Refers to decorative subspecies. It is a small tree, reaching a height of no more than 8 m. It has pink foliage.
Forms burgundy seed pods that persist until the onset of cold weather. Flowering occurs 11-12 years after planting. Florists use the shoots of this representative of the flora in flower arrangements.
Sakhalin euonymus (sachalinensis) grows in Asia and Sakhalin. Prefers birch or mixed forests. Winter-hardy. It is a photophilous mesophyte. Refers to decorative cultures. It reaches a height of 2-2.5 m. It has elongated leaves in the form of ellipses.
The flowers are miniature, lilac. They grow on hanging flower stalks. After flowering, spherical fruits with triangular patches are formed. Seeds are oval, amber in color. Fruiting occurs 6 years after planting.
Sacred euonymus (sacrosancta) grows in China, Korea, Japan. Prefers mixed forests, meadows, coasts, mountainous terrain. It reaches a height of 1-1.5 m. Ideal for decorating the lawn.
Can be used as a hedge. It has a wide branched crown. It has a slow growth rate. Shade-tolerant. It is not picky about soils. On the shoots it has outgrowths in the form of wings. On the seeds is a small burgundy seed.
Euonymus broad-leaved (latifolius) prefers fir forests. It is a small tree or bush. It has emerald shoots and leaves in the form of ellipses. Flowers grow in inflorescences. Flowering occurs at the end of spring.
The fruits are oval, lilac-burgundy. The seeds are covered with an amber-colored seedling. Cuttings do not take root. Refers to decorative cultures.
Euonymus is a beautiful plant, which is a small tree or shrub. It has over 200 different subspecies. Euonymus varieties are distributed throughout the world. Varieties of Euonymus have incomparable leaves, painted in different shades. Toxic.
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