Compare light-loving plant and shade-tolerant leaves. Light-loving plants, an example of plants, their characteristics. Shade tolerant vines and climbing plants

Any plant that grows in an open area under abundant sun and does not experience discomfort from, let's say, but, on the contrary, needs such conditions, is a heliophyte. an example of which will be discussed below, have their own distinctive features.

What is characteristic of heliophytes

The leaves of light-loving plants have their own characteristics, and they are easy to notice. Namely:

• the thickness of the leaves of such plants is often greater than that of others that are not so susceptible to light;
• the angle between the leaves and the direction of incidence of the sun's rays is large, reaching ninety degrees.

Also, light-loving plants (for example, birch, and in hotter latitudes - cactus) contain a huge number of chloroplasts in their leaves: from fifty to three hundred of them can fall on one cell, due to which there is a high intensity of photosynthesis. This is the most characteristic physiological feature of plants with high sun requirements. On this characteristic of light-loving plants, we will consider a few more questions.

What happens if you deprive the heliophyte of solar energy?

At low doses of illumination, the plant has such a sign as depression, and there is also a delay in its development. And the older the plant, the higher its need for the sun.

Where do heliophytes grow?

The list of signs of light-loving plants should begin with such parameters as the place and nature of growth. What exactly are we talking about? Heliophytes can grow both in conditions of intense solar radiation and in some shaded places. Prolonged blackouts, as already mentioned above, will have a detrimental effect on them. Heliophytes, which are shrubs or woody, usually grow as sparse plantings in order to be able to access the sun at any time of the day.

What are photophilous plants?

An example of heliophytes can be given from any type of plant, whether it be trees, bushes, herbs, flora that grow in water. Consider what kind of heliophytes are found in our latitudes.

1. Trees. These include: birch, linden, mountain), ash, apple, juniper, oak (ordinary, common), quince, aspen, etc.
2. Shrubs. These include lilac, rose, sour blackthorn, jasmine, some etc.
3. Herbal and cereal. These are tomato, water lily, plantain, corn, cranberries, heather, etc.

Fans of planting flowers at home need to take into account the data on the light sensitivity of a flower that will grow in a pot on the windowsill. Before purchasing a certain plant, it is worth knowing all its characteristics so that it can live in your apartment without any problems. Returning to the current topic, we can give several examples of light-loving indoor plants.

1. In many homes you can find such a flower as begonia. It belongs to the light-loving ones, but it is still better not to put it under direct scorching rays from May to September.
2. Kalanchoe also loves light, but not direct rays, from which burns may appear on the sheets.
3. Monsters, sansevieria and dracaena will do well under bright diffused rays or in partial shade.
4. Phalaenopsis - a type of orchid, loves the light, but not the heat, so it's good to place them on the east window.
5. Fuchsias are not averse to swimming in the sun in the morning or in the afternoon.
6. Cyclamens are also good from bright lighting, but it is advisable to put them under direct rays only in winter. The same conditions must be created for violets. As they shrink, you can move them a little closer to the window from a distance of about 2-3 meters in the hottest period.

Adaptation of heliophytes to adverse conditions

The environment does not always spare light-loving plants. An example of how a cherry tree disappears and does not bear fruit if it is in the shade will be familiar to many people who are at least a little connected with gardening. But first, the plant will do its best to get more light. This is mainly reflected in the increased surface area of ​​the sheets and a deeper green tint, because dark colors are known to absorb more energy from the sun's rays. Also, the stems of plants are stretched for the same purpose, but at the same time they become more fragile, and the trees grow taller or can change their shape in order to receive more light.

Almost every summer cottage is divided into certain zones - well-lit and shaded. Areas of the plot in the shade often remain empty and look inorganic, and therefore we decided that it would be quite relevant to study shade-tolerant plants for summer cottages.

To tell the truth, almost every second dacha has buildings or mature trees that cast a lot of shade on a young garden, vegetable garden and flower beds. Partial shade does not scare plants, because they receive their share of solar heat and light during the day in any case. But what to do with areas that are not illuminated by the sun at all or are illuminated minimally? What plants can be planted behind a country house, under an old apple tree or on the side of a new car garage? These questions are answered by DachaDecor.ru specialists, who have done painstaking work on selecting the necessary information, as well as studying forums and collecting a wide variety of opinions.

Today we will try to describe in most detail the growing zones of plants, choose annual and perennial flowers, shrubs, berry and vegetable crops.

Such formation of zones and selection of plants for growing in the shade are especially relevant for owners of standard dachas of 6-9 acres, where, frankly, there is not enough space, and oh, how much you need to plant everything!

Determination of site shading and plant selection

You should be very serious about studying the site for planting and the time of its shading throughout the daylight hours. Many of us already know the agricultural technology of popular country plants, and therefore it is not difficult to understand that not every one of them will be able to develop normally in full shade. In such an environment, only some types of ornamental plants feel normal. For the rest, it will be necessary to choose zones with partial shading, where the sun is at least half a day.

Distribution of plants in the area

The problem of the correct distribution of plants in the country is very serious, because in small areas it is very difficult to figure out where and what will grow, how to properly plant. Particular difficulties haunt beginners who have just acquired a summer house and decide where exactly the garden, garden, flower garden will be.

Often, trees are planted along the fence so as not to occupy usable area in the country. But here you should choose the right side so that the shadow from the trees does not obscure large areas of the site. You can also distribute them evenly throughout the dacha, taking into account the requirements of distances. In this way, it will be possible to form areas with partial shading and leave some areas with the most light for those plants that prefer the maximum light.

Summer residents are also accustomed to planting shrubs along fences and hedges, but here it is worth understanding that some of them will be in complete shade from the fence or trees planted earlier. Therefore, the most correct solution would be planting berry or ornamental shrubs closer to the center of the suburban area, for example, to divide the territory into certain zones.

For flowers and berries, a place can be found everywhere, since we have long studied the technology of vertical gardening and high beds. Besides, there are always such small architectural forms that involve growing flowers on hills. You can also consider unique decorative flower beds, special garden sculptures, original pots in the country and other products, thanks to which plants are provided with the maximum right conditions for growth and development.

Shade-loving and shade-tolerant plants

We are accustomed to seriously confuse these concepts, believing that both those and other plants easily cope with dark areas in the country and endure conditions without sunlight. We recommend to distinguish between concepts and when buying a particular crop, it is imperative to study agricultural technology, the requirements for choosing a place to plant a plant in a country house. Remember, the shade can be stable throughout the day, partial (a certain part of the day due to the course of the sun) or diffuse (sunlight through the branches and foliage of vigorous plants).

The degree of shade and soil

It should be understood that not only light conditions are necessary for the development of plants, but also certain soils and other conditions. Thus, in the dense shade cast by summer cottages, dense plantings of shrubs or trees, they will feel good sedum sedum, kupeny, magnificent elecampane, heart-leaved tiarka, European hoof.

If you combine these summer cottage areas with well-moistened soil, then it is possible to plant black cohosh, primrose, hellebore, astilbe, dark geranium.

In areas with diffused shade, for example, under walnuts or old apple trees, it is quite possible to arrange a planting of spring umbilical, fragrant woodruff, lupins, daylilies. Some medicinal and fragrant plants will also grow here - peppermint, lemon balm, and others.

You also need to know that not only soil moisture determines the possibility of growing some plants in the shade or partial shade, but also its composition. Thus, on sandstones and sandy loams in partial shade, kupen, lily of the valley, periwinkle, violet, creeping tenacious and others feel normal.

shade tolerant shrubs

Interesting is the fact that in the shade orchard or on the fences delimiting summer cottages, you can often find shrubs that do not feel any negativity from the shadow. They grow and develop quite normally, without requiring special treatment.

But it is advisable to plant them in partial shade, scattered shade, under trees, since the complete absence of sun seriously affects flowering.

Penumbra is also suitable for hydrangeas, it will not harm viburnum, elderberry. On the same plots, you can plant ivy, parthenocissus, clematis.

Flowers and ornamental plants in the shade

In this section, we will present a small list of plant names that are okay with shaded areas, and some are even ready to live without sunlight.

perennials

The largest number of shade-loving plants is among perennials. Due to the abundance of plant species, it is possible to create not single plantings, but entire longline flower beds that will decorate the shady landscape.

badan- a plant that prefers medium and dense shade. In such conditions, only flowering can suffer, while bergenia grows well.

early blooming daylily prefers partial shade, but in strong shade, flowering noticeably weakens. Modern varieties of daylily are best planted in the sun.

hosta- a plant that not only is not afraid of the shadow, but simply loves it. The only requirement is moist soil.

Aconite feels good in shady areas, but like most, prefers moist soil.

Astilbes- shade-tolerant plants, but prefer partial shade or partial shade.

For dicentres penumbra and shade with well-moistened soil - also the best place existence in the country.

Brunner- a pretty and absolutely picky plant that will survive in any shade. But you should be careful with it, as the brunner grows quickly.

In the scattered shade of a young garden blooms beautifully doronicum.

Lily of the valley and cyanosis - almost classic plants for shade and partial shade in the country.

In addition to this list, lupine, bathing suit, fragrant violet, periwinkle, arizema, tiarka, majestic chistous, ostrich, primrose and many others feel great in different shades.

biennials

It's worth starting with pansies, choosing different varieties which and planting in shady places at different periods of the warm season, you can easily achieve flowering from spring to autumn.

Digitalis- a tall biennial plant that copes well with the lack of sun, but always subject to the observance of agricultural technology.

If you need to plant something in full shade, remember to forget-me-not, which will soon create a whole carpet of pretty flowers by self-sowing.

Annuals

It is rather difficult to choose from annuals, since there are not so many lovers of shady places.

Balsam- copes with partial shade, but suffers from a lack of flowering in full shade.

fragrant tobacco- excellent and sufficient beautiful plant, which can be planted in diffused sunlight in a young garden.

Begonia evergreen- suitable for shaded flower beds and single plantings.

Bulbous

Almost all bulbs love sunlight, but there are some exceptions that thrive in minimal light.

Most of the small-bulbous ones, the flowering of which begins in early spring, can grow in the shade of the garden or shrubs. These are crocuses, blueberries, white flowers, snowdrops.

Daffodils, which still bloom brightly and do not change the vertical position of the stem, are positive for the shade in the garden.

All this applies to flowers and ornamental plants, for which now you do not need to look for some special place on suburban area. Hostas, ferns, periwinkles - in the shade and partial shade, they will easily grow and show the expected result.

What vegetables can be grown in the shade?

Shade-tolerant vegetables and other garden crops are available, and almost half of them are in the country. That is, you will not have any problems with growing food if you find them a small area between shrubs or in the partial shade of the garden.

In addition, there is always the problem of placing light-loving plants, which need to be in the sun for at least 5-7 hours daily. As an example, we can cite the most popular tomatoes in the country (although there are enough such plants). So, if there is no place for all light-loving plants in the country house, you can always use the materials of our website and arrange high gardens in several tiers, come up with special designs from pipes or boxes, plant tomatoes in containers and pots, for example, creating a "heavy flower garden" in this way "on a tapestry.

If there is enough space for such plants or you have already mastered their placement, we still have many plants that can be planted in the shade.

By the way, it is better to approach this issue from the other side - when calculating the planting of light-loving plants, start from shade-tolerant ones and, placing them in suitable places, fill the remaining sunny areas with light-loving ones!

So, vegetables that grow in the shade. With proper agricultural practices, these crops can be expected to produce a good harvest even with minimal sunlight. Here is a short list of what you won’t have to look for a place for a long time on the territory of the dacha - beets and beans, lettuce, cauliflower and broccoli, onions, parsley, garlic and many others.

Garden crops in the shade (according to summer residents)

Regarding the following list ... it is not advisory, but purely conditional, since we have chosen the opinions of summer residents in it, talking about the possibility of growing certain garden crops in places with a lack of sunlight. Here are just a few of the most interesting ones:

• Sorrel and garlic do an excellent job with full shading. Sometimes in such zones you can also harvest a good crop of carrots, but this crop is still better to be in the sun sometimes. In addition, upright beans, peas can also be grown in the shade of trees, often even cucumber plantings can be seen here;
• In regions with hot summers, tomatoes grow well in partial shade. Of course, they need sunlight, but not always its overabundance is beneficial for tomatoes. In the shade of a young or even old garden, you can grow the entire line of green salads;
• Red currants grow in the shade of a tall hedge. The lack of sun affects the speed of ripening, but not the quality of the crop. Horseradish grows right next to it, a little further away, in partial shade - rhubarb, Chinese cabbage, zucchini ... everything gives a normal harvest, if you take care of it.

These opinions are from summer residents from different regions, and therefore it can be noted that, depending on the climate, plants may relate differently to the shade and the sun.

Everyone who has even a little experience with floriculture knows that one of the main reasons why plants hardly take root in apartments is an acute lack of light. Even on the windowsills of bright, southern windows, the amount of light is ten times less than on the street. What can we say about the more shaded areas of the house! Already at a distance of about a meter from the window, the light flux is much less than on the windowsill. That is why shade-tolerant houseplants.

They have gained particular popularity in recent decades, as the layout and design of the premises become more diverse, not traditional. The number of residential and office premises with a large area is increasing, which you always want to “revive” with at least one large plant that can survive and look good away from windows, in the shade.

What is a shadow

This uncomplicated children's question is not so simple when it comes to floriculture. After all, the concepts of “shadow”, “penumbra” are very relative, subjective. For example, the window sill of the north window for the plant will already be a shadow; light-loving specimens will not grow here. If you go further, into the depths of the room, then at a distance of a meter, or three meters from the window, the light flux will differ by 10 times, although the human eye practically does not catch this difference.

There is a simple, and time-tested technique, bred by flower growers. If you, having good eyesight, are able to read a newspaper text at noon in this place, then shade-tolerant copies can be placed here. If the newspaper is difficult to read, this place is too dark even for resistant plants. Yes, you can keep a flower pot here, but additional lighting will be required, especially in autumn and winter. And this is a completely different topic for conversation.

Groups of shade-tolerant plants

Usually shade-tolerant are those flowers that, in natural, natural conditions, are accustomed to living in partial shade. This may be the lower floor of the forest, thick grass, deep gorges - all places where direct sunlight rarely falls. Breeders and gardeners used the natural property of such species, developed it, breeding varieties and hybrids in which the ability to live with a lack of light is specially enhanced. And such plants, to the delight of amateur flower growers, turned out to be quite a few! They can be divided into several popular groups:

1. Shade-tolerant houseplants that can bloom beautifully.
2. Deciduous and decorative shade-tolerant houseplants.
3. Creepers, climbing, and ampelous shade-tolerant species.
4. Large specimens and palm trees that can grow in the shade.

Now we will consider popular shade-tolerant indoor plants, their names and descriptions, separately for each of the selected groups.

Blooming shade tolerant houseplants

Unfortunately, there are fewer of them. Still, for flowering plants need more light; very few are able not only to stoically endure the twilight, but also to delight the world with their colors. As a rule, these species still bloom not in the back of the room: either on the northern windowsill, or very close to the windows. That is, their destiny is the “bright zone” of penumbra.

Saintpaulia

The Uzambar violet is known to all. Able to bloom successfully on windowsills of northern orientation, on a table near the window, in other similar places. An easy to care for, popular plant that requires normal room temperature and regular watering.

Begonia

Also a well-known, common plant. There are a huge number of its varieties that bloom with beautiful, large flowers. Begonia can be safely called an unpretentious species.

Spathiphyllum

Able to look great and bloom on the northern windowsill. Its white flowers look great against the background of dark green elongated leaves. A little more capricious than the previous species, it requires regular spraying or an increase in air humidity.

vriesia

One of the bromeliads. In nature, it grows in the shade of trees, therefore it withstands the lack of lighting. From the rosette of leaves during flowering, bright flower "arrows" grow that live for a long time. Requires a little high humidity and regular watering. It is important that water always remains inside the leaf outlet. In addition to vriesia, a range of other bromeliads can bloom on northern windows.

Clivia

Its inflorescence, similar to an umbrella, attached to a powerful peduncle, can surprise with its beauty. At proper care flowering will also come with a clear lack of light, and the plant has beautiful not only flowers, but also a powerful leafy rosette. Fertile soil and regular watering is all that is required from the owner.

streptocarpus

Able to bloom for months, delighting the eye with graceful bell flowers. Like Saintpaulia, it belongs to the Gesneriaceae, it reproduces easily, hundreds of its varieties have been bred. It is rightly considered easy to care for, except that it requires high humidity.

miltonia

This orchid is also called "pansies". A relatively easy-to-care plant that blooms regularly even on northern window sills. The main difficulty is to withstand near the flower high humidity. A small compact humidifier is best suited for this. He loves warmth, does not tolerate drafts.

It should be added that not only miltonia is a shade-tolerant orchid. Even many varieties of well-known phalaenopsis will successfully bloom on the north window.

Decorative leafy shade-tolerant plants

There are many more of them than blooming ones. And this is understandable, because it is much easier for a plant to simply grow foliage than to lay flower buds, develop flowers. This group is valued for its beautiful leaves, pretty crown. They are able to live away from windows, among them, as a rule, are the most shade-tolerant of indoor plants.

Chlorophytum crested

One of the most resistant indoor shade-tolerant plants, a frequenter of kitchens, offices and utility rooms. Puts up with everything: deep shade, temperature changes, irregular watering. Can survive even on some shelf in the back of the room. The main thing is to grow it in this place from the very beginning, "from childhood." It is pretty, varieties with different leaf shapes, with variegated coloring have been created.

Sansevieria

The famous "pike tail". For unpretentiousness and shade tolerance, I am ready to argue with chlorophytum. The plant is so plastic that it can live both in deep shade and in bright sun. Varieties with variegated leaf color have been bred, but in the shade the brightness of the pattern fades.

Attention! This is important for all ornamental shade-tolerant plants. If their leaves have a variegated color, multi-colored spots and stains, this pattern does not stand out so brightly in shaded places, often completely disappearing. By increasing the light, the variability can be increased again, but this will take a lot of time.

Japanese aucuba

For its conspicuous golden spots on the leaves, it received the beautiful nickname of the "golden tree". With good care, it grows into a one and a half meter tree that lives for many years. Shade-tolerant houseplant is moderate in all its requirements, lends itself well to pruning and shaping. If possible, create a slightly increased humidity for him.

arrowroot

This small, shade-tolerant plant will fit perfectly on the kitchen shelf and on the table in the back of the office. Beautiful leaves with variegated veins do not lose their expressiveness even in deep shade. True, this bush will require regular watering, spraying, and generally high humidity.

Aspidistra

A plant that is resistant in all respects, for which it is called the "iron lady". The leaves seem to be strewn with silver powder, but if you plan to “drive” your pet into a thick shade, it’s better to immediately take varieties with green foliage - the white pattern in the shade gradually disappears. However, beautiful green leaves remain, reminiscent of lily of the valley leaves! This species requires a cool winter.

Multi-row crescent

Fern representative. There is an opinion that ferns are shade-tolerant houseplants, but this is far from always true. But in the case of this plant - quite! The main difficulty in its maintenance is the plant's love for coolness: in summer it requires 18-20ºС, in winter - about + 10°С. But remember how many cold rooms we have, which could be decorated with this fern!

In addition to the multi-row, shade-tolerant and popular ferns are considered nephrolepsis and adiantums. As a rule, they still prefer to "approach" at least the northern window, besides, they need to be sprayed regularly, to moisten the surrounding air.

Aglaonema changeable

The color of the leaves of this species from the aroid family can compete with the buds of many flowers. And the shape of the leaves is very diverse. It can grow in deep shade and is generally considered a hardy species. Perhaps, it is still worth paying attention to increasing the humidity of the air. Dense bushes can have a size of 30 to 60 cm, look very decorative.

Shade tolerant vines and climbing plants

They are grown in hanging planters, baskets, they decorate walls and corners, high stands and supports. Sometimes liana-like shade-tolerant houseplants are used to hide an interior detail, to decorate an empty corner of a room.

Epipremnum (aka Scindapsus)

Indoor creeper, one of the most popular houseplants. It grows quickly, lashes reach several meters in length. Highly unpretentious appearance, plastic, adaptable to any conditions. Several species and many varieties are cultivated: both with completely green and with variegated leaves. The size of the leaves also varies greatly.

Indoor ivy (Hedera).

Fast-growing lashes descend from a hanging planter, forming a kind of "green waterfall". However, there are varieties with variegated leaves, they are more photophilous. Resistant shade-tolerant plant, not afraid of any temperature changes or irregular watering. Perfectly decorate a large corner of the room or a section of the wall.

Monstera

Known to many flower growers. There are species with huge leaves, there are more miniature ones. But in any case, monstera openwork leaves are always pleasantly pleasing to the eye. It grows well both in height and horizontally, obeying the support. Likes high humidity, but adapts to dry air.

Tradescantia

The once incredibly popular shade-tolerant houseplants are now a little out of fashion, but in vain! Many Tradescantia species have variegated foliage that looks great in elegant planters. And how unpretentious this plant is! It just needs to be watered on time. Tradescantia is often used as a groundcover, but it perfectly fulfills the role of an ampelous plant.

Tetrastigma

It is popularly known as "room grapes". The leaves are large, chestnut-like. She is characterized by a special elegance of appearance, but this beauty requires appropriate "scaffolding". Liana grows quickly and powerfully, is able to braid the entire wall, so it is more appropriate in large offices and halls with high ceilings. It can also be used in an ordinary living room, where there is a lot of free space.

Palm and large

Their self-sufficiency and the ability to look appropriate in splendid isolation do not leave anyone indifferent! Decorators and designers adore them, using plants to decorate interior spaces.

Ficus rubbery

An old popular plant with large, expressive leaves. Very undemanding, can grow away from windows. Do not forget only about timely watering and periodic wiping of the leaf plate from dust.

Dracaena

Its appearance resembles a palm tree (many consider it a palm tree). Loves moisture, both in the soil and in the air. Prefers still not the thickest shade, grows well near windows.

Fatsheder

Appeared in our apartments relatively recently. A hybrid of Fatsia and ivy. Can quickly form a green "pyramid" in a bright corridor, reminiscent of a clothes hanger. Likes plenty of fresh air.

Hamedorea

One of the shade-tolerant palms (of which, by the way, there are very few). Like all palm trees, it attracts with the delicacy of its leaves. A rather demanding plant that loves moist air, regular spraying and high-quality watering. It looks great if several copies are planted in a large pot at once.

rapis

Svetlana Yurievna Shapkina
Light-loving and shade-tolerant plants. Lesson on ecology in the preparatory group

INTEGRATED LESSONS

"Light-loving and shade-tolerant plants"

(PREPARATORY GROUP)

Program content: expand children's knowledge of what light- the main condition of life plants. Clarify and expand knowledge of common and characteristic features light-loving and shade-tolerant plants. Form a generalized concept: sun-loving and shade-tolerant plants. Continue to teach to see the connection between the conditions of life and appearance. Strengthen the ability to care for plants and determine their place in relation to light. to develop mental activity of children, to promote emotional self-expression. Cultivate a keen interest and love for indoor plants.

move lessons: enter into children's dictionary the words: light-loving. shade-tolerant. I will invite the children to walk along the paths of our garden, admire plants. focus on wealth plants, a variety of forms of leaves and stems. the beauty and freshness of greenery, the brightness of the first flowers. Then I will offer to sit comfortably on the chairs and listen to one "story - a true story."

- "He lived - was on light plant lover and connoisseur - gardener. Once a gardener came up with a wonderful thought: create an evergreen flowering garden for children. He planted hundreds shade tolerant houseplants and took care of them lovingly. How long, how short, the work was done, but now the garden has grown and blossomed. Autumn passed, winter came, spring came. And then the gardener, having come one day to the garden, noticed that something was wrong with his loved ones. plants. At the far wall, some of them suddenly began to lose the beautiful color of the leaves, the stems stretched out, turned yellow, and attractiveness disappeared. Yes, there are windows plants with unhealthy signs: formed on the leaves brown spots, yellowness, dried flowers. The gardener was frightened for the life of his "green friends" and began to treat them with zeal, gave them medicines, applied fertilizers, regularly watered and loosened, but they did not get better. And then he decided to try to change plants in places: those who fell ill at the far wall, he planted against the far wall. Day, another, and a friend saw the gardener that things were on the mend, plants come to life, and some even released buds and bloomed. And again beauty and well-being reigned in the garden.

Guys! Which of the main conditions do you think affected health the most? plants? (light) .

Why did you get sick plants on the far wall? what happened with plants by the window? To summarize, it turns out that it constantly follows remember: in relation to quantity light indoor plants are divided into light-loving and shade-tolerant(the first ones love a lot Sveta, the second is just as good grow in both shade and partial shade).

light-loving plants differ in their characteristics from shade-tolerant plants.

Today I will teach you to distinguish. That's when we can help the gardener to position correctly and we can even compile a gardener's book in which we will put our advice. (I show the "Gardener's Book", examine it).

Then I invite the children to come to shade-tolerant group(clivia, sansevera, aspidistra). What do you guys think this is plants, light-loving or shade-tolerant? (shade-tolerant) . And why do you think? What color are these leaves? plants? (dark green). I suggest you try the leaves to the touch. I ask what are they? (dense, leathery). In the end, I will summarize everything characteristics shade-tolerant plants: all these rooms plants can grow successfully in dark places, and most of them feel bad when they stand on a bright light. leaves at shade-tolerant plants have a closely - green color, more dense and leathery. I suggest finding it in the central flowerbed shade tolerant plants. I will try to find out in children what signs plants suggest it.

then I will turn my attention to another plant group(pelargonium, geranium, chlorophytum, spotted begonia, coleus, netcreasea, genura, balsam).

What can you say about the color of the leaves? (all plants consider and name the color of the leaves). I will summarize the answers children: all light-loving plants differ from shade-tolerant plants in leaf color. They love to have light- green color of leaves, or motley, bright.

I will propose to find light-loving plants in nearby flower beds and prove that they really love light.

I will draw the attention of children to the "sun" and "cloud" decorating the garden. Let's consider them. I ask why it's a cloudy day? What do the guys want to do when it's bright the sun shines? (play).

Let's play with the sun. The kids are talking the words: "Sun, sun, shine, play with our guys." And "clouds" and "suns" will fly into their hands (Handout). Children examine them, and then play in didactic game"Sun and Cloud" (Children find on the card plants in the flowerbed and with the help of the "sun" and "clouds" they show knowledge about).

On the last card I will show a ficus. children will find him and determine his attitude to light. Next, I will talk about the ficus. Ficus is native to India. evergreen plant of the tropics. In the jungle, the ficus reaches a height of 30 m, and the leaf is up to 1 m long. Ficus is very useful plant for humans. It gives rubber, hence it is called the rubber tree. The ancient Indians made ficus resin ("tears of a tree") balls and play with them. And our ficus beautifully decorates the garden.

To sum up, the guys have perfectly learned to identify light-loving and shade-tolerant plants. Now you can take up the design of the "gardener's book". I will say that since everyone knows how to draw, then we will compile a book from drawings, only in the drawings we will definitely note light loving plants"sunshine" shade-tolerant -"cloud".

I will offer the children to take an easel and everything necessary for drawing. In the process of work, I will individually consolidate the knowledge of children about light-loving and shade-tolerant plants. To the music of the Waltz of the Flowers, the children solemnly carry their drawings to the book (if the paints are dry, then they put them directly in the "gardener's book", if not, then next to the border). Then we examine the drawings with the children, thank you for their diligence and work, for helping the gardener. I encourage children to check group whether they are correctly positioned plants in relation to light.

The term is also widely used in crop production. shade tolerance- it means the property of cultivated plants to endure reduced illumination in general, or in comparison with illumination in natural habitat conditions. Shade tolerance is a relative term, its correct understanding largely depends on the context. When comparing different woody plants, "shade tolerance" will have the same semantic content, but when comparing shade-tolerant trees with shade-tolerant shrubs or herbaceous plants, "shade tolerance" can mean completely different levels of illumination. Shade tolerance is a rather complex, multifaceted property of plants, depending on many factors, including how much various kinds shade adaptation. Plants of the same species, grown in different conditions, can show a different degree of shade tolerance: it is influenced by soil fertility, water availability and other abiotic factors.

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✪ Shady garden. Plants for a shady garden. Shade and penumbra. Part 1

✪ Shady garden. Plants for a shady garden. Part 2

✪ ornamental plants for landscape #urozhainye_gryadki

Subtitles

Hello. Today we will try to understand one of the most popular questions that have not lost their relevance for many years: "What will grow in the shade?" However, it would be wrong to simply say: "You have a shadow?! Then a hosta or a yew will do." It is impossible, because the shadow and penumbra are also different. Let's then start by defining what a shadow and penumbra are, and what they are. Shade for plants is a place where there is less than 3 hours of sunlight each day. This does not mean that there is no sun at all. Plant life without sunlight is almost impossible. Not for nothing, Temiryazev called the plants "Children of the Light" Penumbra can be divided into two types: Partial sun and scattered shadow. Partial sun 4-6 hours per day in the morning or evening. Moreover, some plants prefer the morning sun, while others prefer the evening. And, of course, the vast majority prefer the morning. Scattered shade is when the sun breaks through the branches of deciduous trees and shrubs. We sort of figured it out, let's move on ... .. A garden in the shade can be as beautiful and varied as in the sun. You just need to take into account some features. There are plants that under no circumstances will grow in the shade. These are the true children of the sun, in the shade their shoots unnaturally stretch and weaken, and over time the plants die. Such plants include: acacia, larch, pine, all alpine plants and sunflower. But most plants have adapted quite well. They are a transitional form between sun-loving and shade-tolerant. Their group is quite large. Let's go in order. … Let's start from early spring. The snow has just melted, nature is just waking up…. This is the time of small-bulbous ones, they will become the decoration of your garden. Scylla or scilla, muscari, chionodoxa, galanthus, birdman, and, of course, crocuses, bloom before the foliage blooms on trees and shrubs. It is thanks to this that they can grow in shady places, since what seems to be a shadow in summer is not always a shadow in winter and spring. Remember what Anemone looks like in our forests - whole clearings covered with a delicate white cloud of flowers. The same with crocuses, muscari or other small-bulbous plants - these plants do not look alone, but are good in mass. Have you seen crocuses on the lawn or in trunk circles? What could be more beautiful? Moreover, these plants do not require much care from you. Small-bulbous, unlike tulips, do not need to be dug up annually. Next comes the time of large-bulb. Tulips, daffodils, hyacinths, hazel grouse, of course, love the sun. However, under the canopy of deciduous trees, they also bloom, a little later than in sunny areas, but for a longer time. It makes sense to mix plantings with perennial flowers so that when the tulips fade, the place does not look sloppy. And it would be possible to calmly let the bulb ripen, and did not want to pull it out. But what about perennials? Shade-growing perennials tend to have large, dark green leaves. This is understandable, there is little sunlight, and this trick is necessary for plants to live in areas with insufficient lighting. The universally recognized queen of the shady garden was and remains Khosta. To date, there are about 6 thousand varieties. Hostas vary in size and leaf color. Depending on your idea, the site can be decorated with both a miniature Mouse's ear and a giant Dino variety. Only one host can make a cozy shady garden, where it will be pleasant to be on a stuffy, hot summer day (or listen to the dull blows of raindrops on the leaves of these beauties). However, let me remind you that despite the fact that the hosta prefers shady areas, it will not grow in full shade, or rather it will, but it will look very unpresentable. Heuchera and tiarella will behave the same way, despite the fact that they are considered plants for shady areas. But if we have an almost complete shade and the sun never looks in, then ferns will come to our aid. Recent times selection does not stand still, and there are a huge number of varieties on the market that differ in both size and color. There are varieties with an almost white leaf, they will lighten up your area. And you can also pay attention to the beauties growing in the nearest forest. Badan, Periwinkle, astilbe, aquilegia, primrose, lungwort, brunera, pachysandra, all these are perennials for shady areas, and this is only a small part of what puts up with a lack of sun. In general, there is no need to be afraid of shady areas, as a rule, if you take everything into account, then they turn out to be very pleasant. Yes, no, that riot of colors and shades, like those of sun-loving plants. It turns out a calm color scheme, and you are unlikely to be able to slide down to a gypsy scarf or grandmother's garden. The only thing that when developing an assortment and choice of plants, you need to remember that you are making a composition, not an exhibition area. It happens that when choosing plants in the Garden Center, your eyes run wide and as a result you have 20 completely different plants. Let them be less in the number of species, but more in the number of plants themselves. It is a win-win when perennials are planted in large strokes, and care is much easier. Do not forget about the following: - Shade-loving plants need fertile soil. Very often this is forgotten. And as a result, the plant is deprived of both light and nutrition ... And we also demand an attractive appearance and flowering from them. - as a rule, perennials of shady areas are water-melters. They like moist soil. Wet, not swampy! And we remind you for the thousandth time that a lot depends on whether the root system of plants breathes or not. Therefore, make sure that the soil is not too dense. When planting, mix fertile soil with sand, and mulch after planting, this will avoid strong soil compaction. In the spring, it is necessary to loosen the soil around the plants. If you use a light-colored material as mulch, then the plants will receive additional illumination due to the reflection of light compared to plants growing without mulch at all or behind pine bark mulch. In our case, in shady places, you can use marble chips, white pebbles or sand. I like the last two articles.

Key points

Sunlight is necessary for the survival of all plants, except for a few species. However, in quantitative terms, high light intensity does not always contribute to the normal development of plants. With a lack of water in the soil and moisture in the atmosphere, it is easier for plants to exist in shaded habitats than in the open sun.

Plants absorb light energy mainly from the violet-blue and partly from the red zones of the spectral range of visible light. Light radiation in the red range is mostly absorbed by light-loving plants that form the upper tiers of forests, but radiation close to infrared penetrates through the foliage to plants that form the lower tiers. Shade-tolerant plants living here are able to absorb light from the extreme red zone of the spectrum (with a wavelength of 730 nm).

However, less light means less energy is available to plants. Just like in sunny and dry environment the limiting factor in the growth and survival of plants is the lack of moisture - in shady habitats, the limiting factor is usually the lack of solar energy.

The uptake of nutrients by plants often differs between those living in the shade and in a sunny place. The shading usually comes from the trees that form the upper tiers of the forests. This causes differences in soils, which are regularly enriched with nutrients in forests due to the decomposition products of discarded foliage. Compared to forest soils, soils in sunny habitats in the same climatic zone are usually poorer. Shade-tolerant plants, compared to light-loving ones, are better adapted for greater absorption of nutrients; and shade tolerance as such depends to some extent on the fertility of the soil.

Features of the morphology and physiology of shade-tolerant plants

Shade - tolerant plants are characterized by a relatively low rate of photosynthesis . Their leaves differ from the leaves of heliophytes in a number of important anatomical and morphological features. In the leaf of shade-tolerant plants, columnar and spongy parenchyma are usually poorly differentiated; characterized by enlarged intercellular spaces. The epidermis is rather thin, single-layered, the cells of the epidermis may contain chloroplasts (which is never found in heliophytes). The cuticle is usually thin. Stomata are usually located on both sides of the leaf with an insignificant predominance on the reverse side (in photophilous plants, as a rule, stomata are absent on the front side or are located mainly on the reverse side). Compared with heliophytes, shade-tolerant plants have a significantly lower content of chloroplasts in leaf cells - on average, from 10 to 40 per cell; the total surface of leaf chloroplasts slightly exceeds its area (2-6 times; while in heliophytes, the excess is tens of times).

Some shade-tolerant plants are characterized by the formation of anthocyanin in the cells when growing in bright sun, which gives a reddish or brownish color to the leaves and stems, which is uncharacteristic in the natural habitat conditions. In others, when growing with direct sunlight a paler color of the leaves is noted.

The appearance of shade-tolerant plants also differs from light-loving ones. Shade-tolerant plants usually have broader, thinner, softer leaves to capture more diffused sunlight. In shape, they are usually flat and smooth (whereas heliophytes often have folded, tubercular leaves). The horizontal arrangement of foliage is characteristic (in heliophytes, leaves are often located at an angle to the light) and leaf mosaic. Forest grasses are usually elongated, tall, have an elongated stem.

Many shade-tolerant plants have a high plasticity of their anatomical structure depending on the illumination (this primarily concerns the structure of the leaves). For example, in beech, lilac, oak, leaves formed in the shade usually have significant anatomical differences from leaves grown in bright sunlight. The latter in their structure resemble the leaves of heliophytes (such leaves are defined as "light", as opposed to "shadow").

Non-woody shade tolerant plants

Although most plants grow towards the light (see phototropism), many shade-tolerant tropical vines (for example, monstera  attractive and many species of the genus Philodendron) initially, after germination, move away from the light. This helps them locate the tree trunk that supports them and which they climb as they grow to reach areas of brighter light.

Shade Tolerant Trees

In forests where rainfall is sufficient and water is not a limiting factor to growth, shade tolerance is one of the defining factors that characterize various tree species. However different types trees show different adaptations to shading. For example, Canadian hemlock, one of the characteristic shade-tolerant plants native to North America, is able to germinate and fully develop under a completely closed forest canopy. The sugar maple is also classified as a characteristic shade-tolerant tree; it also germinates under a closed canopy and can thrive well as an undergrowth dweller, but unlike Canadian hemlock, it only reaches full size and development when open space forms above it. Shade-tolerant trees - heliophytes, such as willow, aspen, birch - cannot develop as plants of the lower forest layer. They prefer open habitats with plenty of light: they often grow in wetlands, along rivers and lakes, or on the site of former fires. Temperate shade - tolerant trees tend to be more tolerant of lower daytime temperatures during the growing season than light - tolerant trees .

Shade-tolerant plants in crop production

agricultural plants

The vast majority of agricultural crops are light-loving plants, therefore, agricultural land for crop production is mainly developed in open spaces (fields, fruit orchards), and in hilly areas, southern slopes are cultivated primarily.

However, some common vegetable crops are shade tolerant. Examples of these are cucumber, squash, lettuce, asparagus, rhubarb, sorrel. Moreover, agricultural technology for some of them provides for a certain dosing of light to obtain high-quality vegetables (from excessive exposure to direct sunlight, lettuce leaves and cucumber fruits acquire a bitter taste).

Shade-tolerant include some root crops (radishes, turnips) and spicy plants (parsley, lemon balm, mint). Regarding shade-tolerant cherry ordinary (one of the few shade-tolerant fruit trees); some are shade tolerant