Tiss Canadian. Yew: types, cultivation and reproduction of an unpretentious conifer. Types and varieties of yew

taxus media rehd.(T. cuspidnta x T. bassata)

It occupies an intermediate position between yew berry and pointed. Growth is more powerful than that of yew berry. Older branches are olive green, often reddish from above in the sun. Shoots ascending upwards. The needle needles are similar to the yew henna, but the needles are distinctly two-rowed. The central vein is more pronounced than in the yew berry. Needle length 1.3 - 2.7 cm, width 0.2 - 0.3 cm. Fruits annually. Seeds ripen in August, September. Frost-resistant. Drought tolerant. Another advantage of the middle yew is the ease of propagation by cuttings. Even without treatment with stimulants, up to 40% of rooted cuttings can be obtained.

In the Botanical Garden of BIN since 1954. In cultivation, it may be more common than yew (Tsvelev, 2000), but usually it is not distinguished.

In GBS since 1957, 3 samples (6 copies) were grown from cuttings obtained from Poznan. Shrub, at 20 years old, height 1.0 m, crown diameter 270 cm. Vegetation from 26.IV ± 12. Annual growth 2 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is below average. It is not found in the landscaping of Moscow.

Application: in various garden compositions, singly or in groups.

"Anthony Wayne". Fast growing columnar form with yellowish green needles. 1943, Hess Nursery, New York, USA.

Broivnii. Dwarf form. Height 2.5 m, crown diameter 3 - 4 m. The crown is rounded. The needles are needle-shaped, strong, sickle-shaped, dark green. Annual growth in height 10 cm, width 15 cm. It grows slowly. It cuts well. Shade-tolerant. Prefers fresh, well-drained loamy soils, does not tolerate stagnant water and acidic soils. Frost-resistant. Application: single landings, groups, curbs, rocky hills.

Densiformis. Female clone. Height 1.5 m, crown diameter 3 m. The crown is dense, rounded. Young shoots are greenish-brown in winter, numerous. The needles are needle-like, 20 - 22 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, thin, sharp at the top, light green above. Grows slowly. Annual growth is 10 cm. An extremely valuable form due to its high winter hardiness. Widely cultivated in Western Europe. Used for group and single plantings in gardens, on rocky areas.

Grandifolia. The shape is very squat, straight. The needles are often large, up to 30 mm long and 3 mm wide, dark green. From the USA, already in culture in Germany (with Yeddeloh).

"Hatfieldii". Shrub 4 m high and 3 m wide. The shape of the crown is wide conical. The branches are straight. The needles are radially standing, dark green, bright. Received in 1923 by breeder T. Hatfield in the USA. Propagated by cuttings (85%). Recommended for single and group landings on alpine slides. It is advisable to test when creating a hedge.

In GBS since 1958, 1 sample (5 copies) was grown from cuttings obtained from Kurnik (Poland). Shrub, height up to 1.7 m, crown diameter 120 cm. Vegetation from 26.IV ±11. Annual growth up to 4 cm. Male clone. Winter hardiness is below average. Rooted 100% cuttings without processing. It is not found in the landscaping of Moscow.

In the Botanical Garden of BIN since 1956, it was first tested here by A. G. Golovach (1980). It can be grown here in protected areas, with good care and removal of frosted branches.

"Hicksii". The male and female forms have a narrow columnar shape. Height 3-4m, 2-3 times the width. Shoots rising, long, often wider at the top of the plant than at the base. The needles on straight shoots are radial, distinctly two-line on lateral shoots, 25-30 mm long and 3 mm wide, shiny, dark green above, with a distinct central vein, light green below. Annual growth in height 15 cm. Grown for the first time around 1900 in the Hick nursery (USA) from the seeds of the yew pointed "Nana". Propagated by cuttings (92%). Recommended for group and single plantings on rocky areas, as well as on the lawn in the parterre part of the garden. Can be used for landscaping roofs, terraces, grown in containers.

In GBS since 1955 1 sample (1 copy) from Slovakia. Shrub, at the age of 14, height 0.7 m, crown diameter 160 cm. Vegetation from 27.IV ± 10. Annual growth 7 cm. Not dusty. Winter hardiness is low. 28% of summer cuttings treated with phyton take root. It is not found in the landscaping of Moscow.

In the Botanical Garden BIN since 1956, first tested by A. G. Golovach (1980), insufficiently winter-hardy. In harsh winters, skeletal branches freeze over.

"Hilli". Shrub, female form. The cultivar was bred in 1914. Height 3 - 5 m, crown diameter 2 - 3.5 m. The crown is dense, compact, wide pyramidal. The needles are needle-shaped, shiny, green, 2 - 2.2 cm long, up to 0.25 cm wide, pointed. Grows slowly. Annual growth in height 10-15 cm, width 10 cm. Shade-tolerant. Prefers fresh, well-drained loamy soils, does not tolerate stagnant water and acidic soils. It cuts well. Frost-resistant. Application: single plantings, groups, borders

"Moon". The shape is more or less straight; boughs and branches rising, very densely standing. From USA.

Nidiformis. Male form, wide and low with a deepened middle; boughs and branches are horizontally spreading, forming something like a nest. The leaves are dark green. 1953; distributed by F. G. Grotendorst, Boskop.

Sebian. The male form, wide and slowly growing, with a flat top, in 20 years reaches 1.8 m in height and 4 m in width. Very much appreciated in the USA, but afraid of early frosts.

"Strait Hedge". Female form. Height 3 - 5 m, crown diameter 1 - 1.5 m. The crown is dense, narrowly columnar. The needles are needle-shaped, two-line, located radially at the ends of the branches, dense, dark green. Grows slowly. Annual growth in height 15 cm, width b cm. Shade-tolerant. Prefers fresh, well-drained loamy soils, does not tolerate stagnant water and acidic soils. Frost-resistant. Application: single landings, groups, borders.

"Thayerae". Female form; very fast growing, wide-vasoform; branches far apart; A 25-year-old plant reaches 2 m in height and 5 m in width; boughs are horizontal, slightly raised, lateral shoots are few, with slightly hanging ends. Two-line needles, far apart, U-shaped on strong shoots, very thin, 20-25 mm long and 1.8-2 mm wide, shiny, light green. (=T cuspidata andersonii). Circa 1917 taken from seed at Bayard Thayer Estate in south Lancaster. Massachusetts, USA. Currently a very beloved and widespread form.

Ward. Female form, flat-round, very old plants reach up to 2 m in height and 6 m in width. The needles are very dense, dark green, very similar to those of T. cuspidata "Nana".

The main value of the yew is its excellent decorative qualities, which were noted back in the Baroque era. Today it is used as hedge, as well as for creating borders and for decorating the garden. Today we will tell you about the most popular types of yew.

Yew berry

Yew berry- e it is a slow-growing coniferous tree, reaching a height of 15 m, with a wide crown, soft branched shoots and a reddish bark.

The plant blooms in early spring, but its flowers are not particularly attractive. Male flowers look like cones located in the axils of the leaves, and female flowers look like buds. At the end of flowering, bright red fruits come out.

Yew berry in its description also has one very important point - absolutely all of its varieties are poisonous.

Previously, the berry yew was common in the forests of central Europe, but now it is considered a very rare species and is protected by law. Currently, there are many varieties of yew berry, the most popular of which are:

1. Variety "Elegantissima". This is a perennial evergreen plant that grows only one meter in 10 years. The crown of the bush reaches up to 1.5 meters. The yew branches are sprawling and completely covered with needles. Needles 1.5 to 2 cm long, greenish-white with a yellowish tinge. The first 6 years the plant grows very slowly, and then the growth in height and width is 25 cm per year. Caring for the plant is quite simple. It grows well in the shade and tolerates frost.
   
2. Sort "Samergold". This variety differs from the above in the wide and flat shape of the bush. Both in height and in width, the bush grows no more than one meter. The needles are yellowish in color, and in the summer season they acquire a golden color, 2-3 cm long. The plant does not need scrupulous care, since neither shade, nor sun, nor frost affect the development of this variety.
   
3. Variety "David". Berry yew of this variety grows up to 2 m in length and 70-80 cm in width. Yew "David" is a perennial and evergreen plant. The needles are oblong, pointed at the ends. The plant develops better in moist rich soils, however, as experience has shown, yew also grows in dry soils. Berry yew of this variety is among the ornamental and adorns many gardens. This perennial plant can live up to 1000 years.
   
4. Sort "Repandens". Berry yew variety "Repandens" is a perennial, ornamental and evergreen plant. The needles are branched and strongly sprawling. The shape of the crown is asymmetric, but due to the dense spreading branches it looks dense and fluffy. Greenish needles completely cover the branches. During the year, this yew grows by about 10 cm. An adult plant reaches 4.5 m. It is better to plant it in bright, sunny places, as it fades in the shade.
   
5. Variety "Fastigiata". For 10 years, the berry yew of the "Fastigiata" variety grows up to 1.5 m. The shape of the crown has a columnar shape. The plant has strongly branched shoots growing upwards. The main branches are hard, and the side branches are small and soft. Both those and others are densely strewn with needles. The needles are small in size, differ in dark green color. This plant prefers rich, moist soils. This variety is thermophilic, so in winter it needs to be warmed.
   
6. Variety "Krzysztof". Berry yew "Krzysztof" is of Polish origin. It grows very slowly, in 10 years it grows by 1.2 m. The shape of the crown looks like a narrow column. The shoots of the plant are straight and hard, grow vertically. Small needles are green inside and yellow at the edges. It is this property that makes the plant even more attractive. Caring for him is quite simple, as it does not require much effort. Grows well in both sun and shade.
7. Variety "Fastigiata Aurea". Variety "Fastigiata Aurea" is a perennial, evergreen plant. The shape of the crown, like that of the previous variety, is similar to a narrow column. This yew grows slowly. The needles of young shoots are yellow, but with age it turns green, and yellowness remains only at the edges. For growth, this variety prefers semi-shaded places.
   

Did you know? In antiquity, the yew was considered the tree of death. The branches of this plant were used in funerals. And in Ancient Egypt sarcophagi were made from its wood. The Slavs treated this tree as magical and believed that it protects a person from diseases and evil spirits.

pointed yew

The pointed yew is listed in the Red Book.It grows up to 20 m in height, but grows very slowly. For 30 years, a yew grows only 1.5 m. This species can live for about 1.5 thousand years. The crown is ovoid in shape. The bark is red-brown in color with yellow spots. The needles are pointed, at the ends it has a spike. It is dull green above and light green below with yellowish stripes. The needles on the branches remain for about five years.

The spiky yew is one of the shrubs with frost- and dry-resistant varieties. It has no soil requirements. It grows well in shaded, gassed and smoky places. In unfavorable growing conditions, the plant takes a creeping form.

So that you can choose a spiky yew for your garden, here is a description of popular varieties:




Important! Yew contains taxine, a poisonous alkaloid. The most toxic parts of the yew are the needles and seeds, after contact with which it is very important to wash your hands thoroughly.

Tees medium

This variety of yew has similarities with both berry and spiky species. It grows faster than berry. The branches have an olive-greenish color, and in the sun they become reddish. Shoots tend upward. The needles are similar to the needles of a pointed yew, but the needles are arranged in two rows. Their length is 1.3-2.7 cm, and their width is 0.3 cm.

The plant bears fruit every year. Seeds ripen by the end of summer - the beginning of autumn. The average yew is characterized by resistance to drought and frost. The advantage of the plant is the ease of propagation by cuttings.

There are about forty varieties of the middle yew. The most common varieties of yew of this species:




Grows in swampy forests and ravines of the northern part North America. For 15 years of its life, the shrub grows by 1.3 m, with a crown diameter of 1.5 m. In terms of how many years a yew lives, the Canadian species of these trees holds the record, since its representatives are found on earth at the age of 1500 years.


Canadian yew has a brownish bark and sharp yellow-green, slightly curved needles 2.5 cm long and 0.2 cm wide. The plant blooms in early spring. The fruits have a spherical shape similar to a berry. The advantage of the species is high frost resistance.

Did you know? In the distant past, the natives used the wood of the bush to make oars, bows, and other items. The Indians managed to find in the Canadian yew medicinal properties. From the needles they prepared a decoction and used it in the treatment of rheumatism, fever, scurvy and as an analgesic.

The Canadian yew has a superficial root system. At the ends of the roots is mycorrhiza. The shoots are mostly hard, strong, grow straight. Mature trees have procumbent shoots and ascending branches.

Among all types of yews, the most popular are berry (or European), Canadian, short-leaved and Far Eastern (spiky). Despite relatively slow growth, these plants are considered ideal crops to create, as they have densely planted branches with dense pubescence of a dark green color that does not lose color saturation even in winter.

Tees ( Taxus) belongs to the Yew family (Tahasea). The genus includes about 8 related species growing in the undergrowth of the temperate warm and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Description of yew trees different types so similar that some botanists believe that they are all just geographical varieties of one main species - Taxus baccata.

On this page, you will learn what different types of yews look like and get tips on growing these plants in your backyard.

What yews look like and the use of trees in landscape design (with photo)

Yews are evergreen densely branched trees or shrubs 5-20 m high with thick trunks covered with reddish-brown bark and a dense rounded crown. The branches of yews are flexible and resilient, the branches are green and elastic. yew dark green, linear-needle, 1-3 cm long, dense, glossy. On vertical shoots, the needles are located densely and spirally, on lateral shoots - two-row-comb. There are no resin channels in the leaves, and this significantly distinguishes yews from other conifers.

All types of yews are dioecious; in plants, male and female individuals exist separately, but cases of the appearance of monoecious plants have been noted. Pollen on male plants is enclosed in microstrobiles located in the axils of the leaves at the ends of the shoots, they are spherical, solitary and collected in heads of 6-14 pieces. Nondescript single female "flowers" are hidden by tiny leafy scales.

As can be seen in the photo, the seeds of the yew plant are ovoid, slightly ribbed, enclosed in a fleshy scarlet-red bell-shaped shell:

Yews are slow growing but long-lived plants. Old specimens can be up to 4,000 years old. Wood ("mahogany") is the most valuable material for furniture production. The beauty of the wood, combined with the ease of processing, led to the massive destruction of the yew. Natural plantings of this unique plant are reserved. All parts of the yew, especially the leaves and young shoots, are poisonous because they contain the alkaloid taxine.

The unpretentiousness, unusual appearance and rather high cold tolerance of yews make them a very valuable design element not only in southern, but also in northern gardens.
Without yews, it is impossible to imagine any garden made in a regular style.

It would not be an exaggeration to say that it is boxwoods and yews in landscape design largely determine the style of "formal" gardens.

When used in compositions of northern gardens, yews bring a touch of southern flavor and play the role of exotic aliens. Their most effective layout is in groups with rhododendrons and conifers of a different type of foliage. Despite the fact that yew is one of best plants, intended for a curly haircut, in regions with frosty winters they are unsuitable for this. Even with an air-dry shelter, the intricately cut figures, if they do not freeze slightly, then partially rot.

See how yews are used in landscape design in these photos:

Yew berry (common): photo and description of varieties

Yew berry ( taxus baccata) sometimes called common or European yew.

The type species of the genus, growing in the undergrowth of mixed mountain forests of Western Europe. In nature, it is very rare, but has a wide range, occurring in separate foci in Western Ukraine and Belarus, in the southern Crimea and the Caucasus, in the mountains of Algeria, Asia Minor and Syria.

Under natural conditions - a tree 12-20 m high with an uneven rounded shape of the crown. In culture - the most common species, which has numerous varieties. different type crown growth and shape. Many of them, due to their weak tolerance to the sun, burn significantly in the spring, especially in the first years after planting.

Taxus baccata David.

Mini variety of yew berry. Narrow columnar shape. The needles are small, green, turning yellow after the growing season. Annual increments 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant. Light shading is desirable.

Taxus baccata Elegantissima.

Dwarf variety of yew berry. Vase shape. The needles are green, turning yellow after the growing season. Annual increments of this variety of yew are within 10-15 cm. Completely frost-resistant. Light shading is desirable.

Taxus baccata Fastigiata Micro.

Micro-variety of yew berry. Very narrow columnar shape.

Pay attention to the photo - the needles of this variety of berry yew are small, green:

Annual growths 1-3 cm, Fully frost-resistant. Light shading is desirable.

Taxus baccata Goldener Zwerg.

Mini variety of yew berry. Narrow columnar shape. The needles are small, green, turning yellow after the growing season. Annual gains 3-4 cm, Fully frost-resistant.

Taxus baccata Summergold.

Dwarf variety of yew berry. Creeping form, Green needles, growths turn yellow after vegetation, Annual growths within 15 cm. When describing this variety of berry yew, it is worth noting its increased frost resistance. Light shading is desirable. All other species and their garden cultivars have not found wide application in the gardens of the northern temperate zone of Russia.

These photos show the varieties of yew berry described above:

Types of yew: short-leaved, Canadian and pointed (with photo)

taxus brevifolia — Short-leaved yew

It grows in western North America. In the south it grows in the mountains at an altitude of 1500-2500 m, in the north - along the banks of rivers, in the lakeside lowlands and on low mountain slopes.

Slow-growing, often multi-stemmed tree 5-15 m high with a dense, wide-pin-shaped crown. Young branches are slightly drooping. In the northern part of the range, and under adverse conditions, it takes the form of a creeping shrub. The seed coat is intensely red.

Taxus canadensis - Canadian yew.

It grows in the undergrowth of coniferous forests on mountain slopes in the East of North America. Low-stemming or wide-spreading shrub with a loose crown, rarely rising above 1 m, but reaching a width of 3-4 m.

As shown in the photo, the needles of this type of yew acquire a reddish-brown color for the winter:

Compared with other species of the genus, it is less decorative, but it is distinguished by exceptional frost resistance. Cultivars of this species are very valuable for the gardens of the northern regions.

Taxus cuspidata - Pointed yew, or Far Eastern yew.

A close relative of the yew berry, found in relic coniferous-deciduous forests of the Far East.

Tree or large shrub, reaching a height of 15-20 m, with a dense spreading crown. In places with unfavorable conditions for growth, it acquires a creeping form. The bark is smooth red-brown. The wood is light red, which is why it is called “rosewood” in the furniture industry. The needles have a small pointed spike at the end, which gave the species its name.

These photos show the types of yew, the description of which you have read above:

Planting and caring for evergreen yews in the open field

Evergreen yews - shade tolerant plants. In regions with mild winters, they also grow well in open sunny places, but in more severe climates they suffer from cold winter winds, so a sheltered landing site is preferable for them.

For successful planting and care of yews in open field fertile loamy soils must be provided to the plants. On loose, poor sandy loamy soils, they grow very slowly, but they winter better due to the rapid thawing of the soil in spring. When planting and caring for young yews, it is advisable to add to the soil not a large number of forest coniferous land, because it contains soil fungi that organize connections with yew roots and provide it with additional nutrition with nitrogen and microelements.

Adult specimens do not require top dressing. Moreover, top dressing with concentrated mineral or fresh organic fertilizers can lead to the death of mycorrhiza and growth retardation until the resumption of connections between the roots and soil fungi.

Yew transplantation is easily tolerated, but it should not be carried out during the period of active growth of young shoots. The best time to transplant is spring or early summer. For autumn planting only specimens with a dense root ball or grown in containers are suitable. Deepening of the root neck is possible, but undesirable. For transplanting large specimens, you need preliminary preparation root ball 6-12 months before the proposed transplant.

When growing yews, do not forget that they are moisture-loving only during the period of active growth. Mature, well developed plants are drought tolerant. The presence of nearby groundwater is detrimental to them.

The frost resistance of yews in the conditions of the North-West and Central Russia depends on the planting site and variety. Short-term frost down to -30 ... -35 ° C they easily tolerate even in open places.

Plants planted on the leeward side of buildings or protected from the cold wind by other plants in group plantings successfully overwinter. In practice, trees growing in open areas always freeze slightly, while those growing in the shade overwinter without shelter. Young plants are successfully preserved under snow cover. Varieties with a free crown shape are preferable to densely columnar and pyramidal ones, since the latter always freeze over the tops, and therefore they do not correspond to the characteristics of the variety. Among the natural forms, the most frost-resistant are Taxus cuspidata - spiky yew and Taxus canadensis - Canadian yew.

When caring for yews during cultivation, to prevent freezing of all forms, it is recommended to mulch and cover the root system area with earth and fallen leaves. For plants planted in open, windy places, an air-dry shelter is desirable. The best option is the installation of a frame made of a dense mesh, on top of which a coniferous spruce branch is laid, and in severe frosts, an insulating fabric is also fixed and snow is thrown. Remove the winter shelter gradually and be sure to shade the plants to avoid sunburn. For uniform awakening, abundant watering is necessary. Watering is especially important when caring for yews for weakened and frostbitten specimens.

Reproduction of yew seeds and cuttings

seed reproduction. Yew seeds lose their germination very quickly - after a year of storage in heat, they are not suitable for germination. Seeds should be collected in the fall, as soon as the fleshy integument of the fruit turns red. To improve germination, they must be removed from the fruit and washed. Seed covers are very hard, and germination is difficult without breaking them. for yews in the best possible way scarification is a chemical method in which dry seeds are placed for 30 minutes in sulfuric acid and then washed gently. After such treatment, the seeds are sown in open ground, where they germinate throughout the year.

A more effective method is a combination of scarification and cold stratification. After acid treatment and washing, the seeds are mixed with large, clean, slightly wet sand, sawdust or sphagnum moss, placed in plastic bags and stored for 4-6 months at a temperature of +4 ... +5 ° C.

In the spring, the seeds are washed again and sown in boxes or bowls. In the light at a temperature of + 18 ... + 23 ° C, crops germinate. Seedlings are protected from direct sunlight and moderately watered. Too dense shoots dive. Seedlings develop very slowly, but the transplant is easily tolerated. When heat comes, they are taken out into the garden, hardened, and then planted in a ridge for growing.

The genus includes 8 species of monoecious or dioecious evergreen shrubs or trees or. Their ranges are mainly located in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, but two species grow in Florida, two more in the Himalayas and one in the tropical zone, on the islands of Java.

Yew Description

The bark is red-brown or reddish, scaly. Branches do not form whorls, for example, like some other conifers. On shoots directed upwards, the leaves are arranged spirally, on horizontal shoots they are two-row, comb-like, linear, sometimes sickle-shaped. Leaves with a midrib above, and below - with two wide light green or yellowish stripes.

In nature, yews are very rare. In Georgia, along the Batsara gorge, there is the largest grove of yew berry. There is a reserved yew-boxwood grove in the Caucasus. There is a yew reserve in Ukraine. In Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, all yew trees are protected. In total, there are about 30 thousand yew berries in Russia.

Yew is distinguished by a dense crown of trees, with a whorled arrangement of branches, rather slow growth, extraordinary longevity (lives about 3000 years) and rather easy rooting of cuttings. Among tree species, yew ranks first in terms of shade tolerance. It also develops well in lighted places, prefers moist air and fresh, calcareous soils.

Need to know - all parts of this plant are POISONOUS , and only the Seedling is harmless.

Types and varieties of yew

Yew berry

Yew berry is a slow-growing coniferous tree about 15 m high, with a wide crown, soft branched shoots and reddish bark.

Depending on the variety, the trees may have a different arrangement. The needles are flat, reach a length of 3 cm, dark green, pointed, the inner surface is yellowish green.

Yew berry blooms in March a little decorative flowers. Male flowers resemble cones located in the axils of leaves, female flowers resemble buds. After flowering, bright red fruits are formed.

At one time, yew berry was often found in the forests of Central Europe, but is currently protected by law as a very rare species.

A large number of varieties of yew berry have been bred, differing in shape and size, with golden yellow or dark green needles.

Yew pointed

The yew spiky grows on Sakhalin, in the Primorsky Territory, in Manchuria, Japan, Korea. The tree is about 20 m tall, with an ovoid-oval crown. At the northern borders of distribution, it takes a creeping, dwarf form. The bark of the yew spiky is brown-red, with yellow-white spots. The needles are sharply pointed into a short spike, slightly lighter than that of the yew berry.

On the upper side, the needles are dull green, below it is light green, with two brown-yellow stripes, turning slightly brown in autumn. The seed seed is pale pink, elliptical, with a whitish coating, it captures the seed up to half of its length.

It is frost-resistant, rather than yew berry, tolerates frosts up to 40 C, is not picky about soils, and is drought-resistant. Handles pruning well. Shade tolerant and gas resistant. Grows very slowly. Durable, lives about 1500 years. Pairs well with hardwoods. Suitable for single as well as group plantings.

Tiss medium

The middle yew occupies an intermediate position between the pointed and berry yew. Growth is more powerful than that of berry yew. Older branches are olive green, turning reddish in the sun.

Shoots ascending upwards. The needles resemble needles of yew pointed, but the needles are located distinctly in two rows. The central vein is more pronounced than in the yew berry. The needles are from 1.3 to 2.7 cm long, about 0.3 cm wide. Fruits annually. Seeds ripen in August, September. Drought tolerant. Frost-resistant.

Another advantage of the middle yew is the ease of propagation by cuttings. It is used in various garden compositions, in groups or singly.

Yew canadian

Canadian yew grows in eastern North America. It grows in the undergrowth of coniferous forests.

Bushy, low tree, about 1-2 m tall, usually recumbent, sometimes with young shoots and ascending branches. The needles are sickle-shaped, shortly pointed, on short petioles, yellow-green above, light green below, with pale green stripes. Canadian yew is winter-hardy, withstands temperatures down to -35°C.

Yew short-leaved

Yew shortleaf grows in western North America along the coast Pacific Ocean and along mountain ranges, from 35-55 ° north latitude. It grows along the banks of streams, rivers, lakeside lowlands, deep gorges, mountain slopes on rich and drained soils. It can grow singly or in groups in the second tier of forests of great fir, Hemlock heterophyllous, Western larch and mountain Weymouth pine.

Shrub or tree, from 5 to 15 (25) m high, slowly growing, crown is wide-pin-shaped, branches erect from the trunk, thin, bark peels off in pieces, branches hanging down, kidney scales pointed. Two-row needles about cm long and from 2 mm wide, yellowish-green, sharply pointed, seeds ovoid, about 5 mm long, seed coat intense red.

Yew is an unpretentious plant that develops on any soil, but prefers fertile loamy soil. They winter on poor sandy loamy soils. Yew growing is possible in both sunny and shady places. In terms of shade tolerance, yew is superior to most woody plants. Also, yew is resistant to low temperatures.

Use of yew

Yew looks beautiful in various decorative compositions. From yew, you can create a hedge - it perfectly tolerates a haircut or decorate a large or small rock garden with it. Yew is very widely used in regular gardens.

Spectacular compositions with yews are obtained in combination with coniferous plants and rhododendrons.

Yew Care

Watering is needed as needed. Under young plants, it is better to loosen and mulch the soil. In the first years of life, the yew must be covered for the winter. Dry shoots must be removed.

Yew breeding

Yew is propagated by seeds and cuttings. Most often, yew is propagated by cuttings. Cuttings begin from August to November. Planting yew seeds is carried out in spring or autumn after a contrast temperature treatment.

Diseases and pests of yew

Yew may be affected by yew gall midge, yew false shield. It is best to treat plants with appropriate preparations in a timely manner.

yew plant medium(photo on the left) is a long-known hybrid of yew berry and so on. By appearance, is closer to the pointed or Far Eastern yew.

What is the correct spelling: "Yew medium" or "Yew medium"?! The spelling of the words "Yew" and "Yew" is correct in both cases.

Description of yew medium. The height of an adult plant is 3 - 5 m. It does not grow as slowly as other types of yew. Some ornamental varieties grow to a height of up to 3 m in 10 years, which is quite fast for this plant. It has shiny dark green needles, which are more light color with a well-defined central vein.

Yew (Yew) medium poisonous. Only the pulp of the berries, freed from the seed, can be eaten. The seed is poisonous due to the alkaloid taxine found in all other parts of the plant, including the bark and wood.

Vitality yew medium. The plant lives for about 2000 years.

Frost resistance yew medium very high and is approximately up to -30C°.

Varieties of yew medium. They need moist fertile soils. Grows well in full shade.

Tiss middle Fairview (Fairview)(photo below) - slow-growing shrub with radially arranged trunks emanating from the center, covered with light green needles. Ten-year specimens have a height of up to 30 cm, and in diameter reach 1 m.

Tiss average Farmen (Farmen)(photo below) - a dense shrub with hard shoots and a dense dark green crown. It has a slow growth rate, in ten years it grows no more than 1 m high and up to 1.5 m in diameter. Experts recommend this variety for creating low-growing hedges.

Yew medium Hatfield (Hatfieldii)(photo below) - a male variety with vertically arranged shoots, due to which the plant has a columnar shape. Especially good for clipped hedges. The interval between plants is 50 - 60 cm.

Tiss medium Hicksii (Hicksii)(photo below) - shrub variety of large size, growing quickly. The strength of growth is 3 m in 10 years. Fruits abundantly. Very often used to form low hedges. Planting density in a row should be 2 - 3 plants per 1 linear meter.

Tiss medium Hilly (Hillii)(photo below) - a slender shrub about 150 cm tall at ten years old. It has raised hard shoots covered with green leaves. Recommended for planting hedges with a density of 2 - 3 plants per linear meter. meter.

Tiss medium Olive (Oliwka)- a narrow-columnar variety with straight, hard shoots that fit snugly to the trunk. The needles have a rich dark green color. The variety got its name from the olive-green color of young growths. It grows quickly: at 10 years old it reaches a height of 2 m.

Tiss middle Thayerae- shrub variety, having first irregular shape crowns. But gradually the plant acquires a wide funnel shape. For 10 - summer period grows to a height of 1 m and a diameter of 1.5 m. The color of the needles is greenish-olive.

Yew medium Viridis (Viridis)(photo below) - a variety that looks like a narrow bright green column, reaching a height of 2 m in 10 years. Vertical shoots are tightly pressed to the trunk, so the plant is often used for planting narrow hedges. The frequency of planting in a row in this case is 3 pieces per 1 lin. m.

Tiss medium Vojtek (Wojtek)(photo below). Widely - columnar shrub, reaching 2 m in ten years. Straight hard shoots are covered with dark green needles. Suitable for small spaces.