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Connection of copper pipes without soldering. Copper pipes: soldering, types of fittings, flaring and types of connections. Connection of copper pipes with push-in and press fittings

There are many methods for connecting copper pipes into a single piping system. The market provides a huge number of fittings, solders, fluxes, fasteners, allowing you to create detachable and non-detachable, serviced and unattended connections.

Work with copper pipes consists of:

sizing - if the pipe is incorrectly measured, it is impossible to cut it correctly;
cutting - made strictly perpendicular with a pipe cutter, given that it is better to make more turns than to apply force;
stripping - removing burrs after cutting and oxide film (it is better to do this with a special napkin);
connections.

Ways of connecting copper pipes:

capillary soldering;
high-temperature soldering;
various fittings.

Connection by soldering

For connecting copper products by soldering flux should be applied to the cleaned surface and the parts should be immediately connected. Heat the connection unit evenly with a gas burner (blowtorch, soldering iron) until the flux begins to change color and the solder melts. The burner fire is diverted, the solder fills the gap between the elements.

In order for the amount of solder to be optimal, experts offer a simple guideline - the length of the solder rod should be equal to the diameter of the pipe. You can cut the bar of the required length before soldering. If one of the elements is a fitting that has already been soldered at the factory, then it does not need to be added.

After filling the gap with solder, it is necessary to allow time for cooling without exposing the assembly to mechanical stress. Once the solder has completely cured, remove any remaining solder and flux with a damp cloth. After the entire system is mounted, it should be flushed hot water. Flux contributes to corrosion, so its presence on the inner surface is undesirable.

Soldering copper pipes

Types of fittings for connecting copper pipes

The connection without soldering is made using fittings, which are divided into two large groups - straight (connection of elements of the same diameter) and transitional (connection of elements of different diameters). Diameters can be from 8 to 100 millimeters.

Based on the configuration, a fitting (connector) for copper pipes is called:

coupling - must be made of the same material as the pipes, can be used both for elements with the same diameter and for elements with different diameters, used when there is no need to change direction;
square - designed to change the direction of the system by 30, 45 or 90 degrees;
tee - used to connect three ends located relative to each other at an angle of 45 or 90 degrees;
cross - joins together four pipes located perpendicular to each other on the same plane;
adapter ("American", futorka, sgon, nipple) - for combining pipes from different material using various methods;
plug - a cap, a plug for sealing the end of the tube;
fitting - for connecting a pipe and a flexible hose.

Based on the method, the connection of copper pipes with fittings can be:

using a soldering fitting, under the thread of which there is tin. A flux-treated pipe is inserted into it, the assembly is heated until the solder becomes liquid and fills the gap;
using threaded (equipped with threads);
crimp (compression), allowing you to connect elements of different diameters. The pipe is fixed with a fitting using an O-shaped seal and a detachable or one-piece ring. Conventional tools are suitable for installation;
press - fitting, consisting of a body and a sleeve and mounted using press - tongs;
self-locking fitting, which is based on internal rings, one of which is equipped with teeth. When pressed with a special key, the teeth enter another ring, forming a secure connection. Just as easy as putting on, taking off.

Features of copper products: what to consider

When installing a copper pipeline, it is important to know not only how to connect copper pipes, but also to fulfill several additional conditions:

to extend the life of the system, only copper and its alloys should be used;
if it is necessary to use products from other materials, then it should be taken into account that copper cannot be combined with galvanized steel, as this leads to corrosion in steel elements;
if the use of steel products cannot be avoided in any way, then they should be mounted in front of copper elements;
safe connection of copper and acid-resistant steel.

Fasteners

For the final installation of any pipeline, clamps for copper pipes are required.

clamps and brackets.

For domestic pipelines are used:

metal C-shaped (fastening with one bolt) and O-shaped (fastening with two bolts) clamps made of steel and equipped with a rubber coating that neutralizes mechanical and acoustic vibrations;
plastic clamps (movable and stationary) - for internal systems, equipped with a dowel and a screw;
brackets - for hanging or arranging system elements.

It is obvious that for each system it is necessary to select its own methods of installation and fastening. Only when choosing quality materials and correct installation the pipeline will be reliable and durable.

Production of copper pipes

Copper pipes can be connected in a variety of ways. All these methods have their own characteristics. This article talks about each of the methods for connecting copper pipes.

Connection of copper pipes by soldering

This method of connecting pipes is used when the connection point is intended for further sealing. Soldering when connecting copper pipes can be of two types:

1. High temperature soldering. It is produced using the following gases: propane - air, acetylene - air, propane - oxygen, acetylene - oxygen. At the same time, the copper pipe at the junction is heated to 600-750 degrees Celsius. Special care must be taken when soldering copper pipes with an oxy-acetylene torch. If the pipe is heated to a temperature of more than 800 degrees Celsius, then ruptures will most likely occur in it.

2. Low temperature soldering. This type of soldering is resorted to if the operating temperature of the pipeline is not more than 110 degrees Celsius. During low-temperature soldering, the joint is heated to a temperature of about 200-250 degrees Celsius. In this case, acetylene-air and propane-air gases are used to heat copper pipes. Electric heaters can also be used.

Soldering technology for connecting copper pipes

1. According to the measurements made, the copper pipe is cut off. Then it needs to be calibrated.

2. Using a special sponge designed specifically for copper, as well as a ruff, it is required to clean the outer edge of the copper pipe to be connected. Also requires cleaning inner part capillary fitting.

3. The pipe is then inserted into the socket of the capillary fitting. You need to insert it all the way.

Use a clean rag to remove excess flux.

4. The place where the pipe will be connected to the fitting must be heated with a gas burner. As soon as the flux changes its color, solder can be introduced into it.

5. Once the solder has hardened, remove any remaining flux from the fitting surface.

Connecting copper pipes with fittings

The connection of copper pipes without soldering is carried out using fittings. Depending on the type of connection, fittings can be crimp (collet) and welded. The connection of copper pipes with compression fittings is of two types: for semi-solid and soft copper pipes and for hard and semi-solid pipes. Collet connection of copper pipes is made as follows:

1. First you need to choose the right size collet fittings.

2. After that, the pipe is cut and the burr is removed.

3. Then you need to insert the copper pipe into the prepared fitting. The clamping nut is first tightened to the stop by hand, and then it is tightened with a wrench until the pipe is deformed quite a bit.

Copper pipes are a versatile material that is used almost everywhere: when creating water pipes, gas pipelines, and heating systems. They are not afraid of chlorinated water, which makes them particularly attractive for the installation of urban water supply networks. Copper is not afraid of corrosion and has a very long service life.

Installation of a copper pipeline is carried out using a variety of different types connections, and this is not only welding and soldering, but also the use of compression (crimp) elements.

Advantages and disadvantages of compression fittings

The connection of copper pipes with compression fittings is convenient because it does not require high temperature and special equipment.

This means that with their help you can mount pipes in hard-to-reach places, from the tools you only need:

spanners,
calibrator,
cutter.

The time of work is reduced, labor costs are reduced, and the resulting system is completely sealed and durable.

However, this design is not without drawbacks. Compression fittings must be periodically checked and tightened, so they must not be concreted.

They are designed for low pressure in the system, therefore they are considered less reliable than soldering. The design is reusable, that is, it can be disassembled and assembled, but in practice, the reconnection is unreliable, and soon it has to be replaced.

The device and principle of operation of the compression fitting

Compression fitting for copper pipes consists of several parts:

corps;
crimp nut;
crimp ring.

Crimp rings (usually one or two are used) are designed to create a tight connection and provide it with resistance to high pressure and durability. Thanks to them, the structure becomes resistant to vibration fatigue and can serve for many years.

Quality copper pipe fittings can last up to 50 years.

Advice!
It is better to choose parts that use special EPD M material for the connecting rings, rather than ordinary rubber, as they will last much longer.

Compression fittings are made from:

brass,
copper,
plastic,
metal.

At the same time, brass connecting elements are most often used, since this material is easy to process and costs less than pure copper. In terms of strength, it is inferior to stainless steel, but on the other hand, it is much easier to mount it.

Sometimes brass fittings additionally treated with nickel to increase resistance to various influences.

When choosing, pay attention to the weight of the product, this indicator should not be too light. You can ask the seller for a quality certificate, in addition, professionals advise immediately choosing parts from a well-known manufacturer.

This ensures that you do not waste your money and that the installed system is reliable. Many people advise using a brass fitting for HDPE pipes, as it does not corrode, but provides a greater margin of safety than plastic.

Types of compression fittings

AT various systems pipelines, several types of connecting devices are used, which you can see in the photo:

tees(used when creating a one-way branch);
crosses(installation of bilateral branches);
couplings(connect two pipe sections of the same diameter);
bends(used to create 45 degree turns);
plugs(installed at the end of the pipe section).

If it is supposed to connect pipes of the same diameter, then direct connecting devices are used, and if different, transitional ones.

Installation of compression fittings on copper pipes

Since this type of connection does not require special equipment, it is quite possible to do it yourself.

In the European classification, two types of components are distinguished, marked with the letters A and B.

Type A are used only for the installation of above-ground piping systems made of semi-solid grades of copper or stainless steel.
Type B used for underground and surface utilities, it is designed for soft and semi-hard grades of copper with a thick wall.

Installation instructions for different types require strict adherence to certain rules in order to make the connection as reliable as possible.

Installation of compression fittings type A

Pick up right size element. It is not difficult to do this, since all connecting structures are manufactured according to a single European standard in accordance with the nomenclature;
Cut the pipe and remove burrs. Check the cut with a gauge. Make sure that there is no dirt, rough edges or scratches on the surface. A compression ring is put on the pipe, you can moisten the junction with water to prevent the seal from tearing or slipping;
Insert the pipe into the fitting as far as it will go. Tighten the clamping nut by hand first and then use a wrench.

Advice!
Excessive use of force is not required here, since the connection will not become more tight from this. When using cheap parts, the ring may be squeezed out, in which case the fitting will have to be completely replaced.

As a result of the actions taken, the pipe should only be slightly deformed, and this confirms that the connection is tight. The video in this article will show in detail in practice all the stages of work on creating a durable structure.

Installation of compression fittings type B

Fittings of the second type are mounted in approximately the same way. The cut is cleaned of dirt, it is important to ensure that the threads in the new fitting are clean. It can only be slightly lubricated with machine oil to make it easier to wrap. The seal cone must be pressed against the inner edge of the tube, the edge of the pipe itself must be flared.

It is important to choose the right key and make sure that it is not loose, otherwise you can easily damage the nut. For example, if a connection with a diameter of 54 mm is required, it is better to take a key with a length of 750 mm.

Features of connecting copper pipes

The price of a copper pipeline is quite high, so it is recommended to follow a few rules when choosing materials.

It is better that they are uniform, this will increase the life of the entire structure.
It is impossible to combine copper with unalloyed steels. Because of this, electrochemical processes begin between the metals, which are detrimental to the connection. Steel elements and even galvanized steel in this case begin to suffer from corrosion.
In extreme cases, if a heterogeneous connection cannot be avoided, they are installed in front of copper in the direction of water flow.
Copper pipes are well combined with PVC pipeline parts, in this case there will be no negative consequences for the connection.
PVC pipes for sewerage are increasingly replacing metal pipes, as they are cheaper, easier to install, and at the same time they are practically not inferior to them in strength and durability.

Conclusion

Crimp fittings for connecting copper pipes are used quite often, as it is both convenient and profitable. But it is important not to save on the quality of parts, otherwise the need for repairs will arise very soon. The more responsibly you approach the selection and installation of components, the longer they will eventually serve you.

Copper pipes are great for creating water pipes, gas pipelines and similar communications. And for their installation, various connecting elements called fittings are used.

Features of using compression fittings

The popularity of copper pipe compression fittings is due to the fact that they do not require special equipment or welding to connect them. All you need is a cutter, calibrator and a set of wrenches. Because fewer tools are involved, labor and costs are reduced.

But this design has certain disadvantages. The pipeline cannot be concreted, because the compression fittings can loosen over time, they should be tightened. Such a connection is not as reliable when compared with soldering. Therefore, they are designed for low pressure in pipes. The design itself is reusable, but the re-mounted pipeline will be much less reliable.

Compression fitting device for copper pipes

The compression fitting consists of three components: the body of the product, the compression nut and the ferrule for copper pipes. The latter is intended to increase the tightness of the connection and increase its resistance to pressure. The fitting usually has one or a pair of ferrules. Their use allows you to extend the life of the pipeline system. Such a connection can last up to 50 years.

There are compression fittings polymer, metal, copper and brass. For the installation of a copper pipeline, it is preferable to use the latter. This is due to the plasticity of brass, as well as its low cost. Although its strength is lower than steel, brass fittings are much easier to install. Sometimes they are treated with nickel to increase the resistance of the compounds to various influences.

When buying a product, you should pay attention to its weight. The fitting should not be too light, because this is evidence of its poor quality. It is best to purchase components from famous brands. In order not to come across an unreliable product, you can ask for a quality certificate.

Such precautions will allow you to get a durable connection. Experts often advise choosing brass fittings for HDPE products, because they are corrosion resistant, which will increase the strength of the system.

Varieties of compression fittings

There are five types of compression fittings for copper pipes:

Tees. They are designed to create a branch from the main highway in one direction.
Crosses. Used when a two-way branch is required.
Couplings. Allows two pipes of equal diameter to be connected.
Branches. Are intended for turn of the pipeline on 45 degrees.
Plugs. Closing elements fixed at the end of a pipe segment.

If it is necessary to connect pipes of equal diameter, straight fittings are used. If they do not match in diameter, then transition elements are used.

The specifics of the installation of compression fittings in copper pipelines

As mentioned above, the installation of copper pipes with compression fittings does not require special equipment. A person can cope with the task without any problems, having at his disposal only a few tools, and without outside help.

According to the European classification, there are two types of products with excellent markings.

Type A is designed to create elevated steel pipelines or semi-hard copper systems.

Type B is used in the installation of underground and above-ground systems, such components are suitable for thick-wall pipes made of soft and semi-hard grades of copper.

When installing copper pipe fittings for crimping, certain rules must be strictly followed in order to obtain a reliable and durable design.

Installing Type A Compression Fittings

When choosing this type of connecting elements, you must perform the following actions:

Select the correct part size. This is a very simple task, because all fittings are manufactured according to European standards in uniform dimensions.
Cut the pipe and clean it. The cut is checked with a gauge. It is necessary to remove uneven edges, dirt, scratches and other defects from the surface. A compression ring is fixed on the pipe. Experts recommend moistening the junction, this is done for more reliable contact of the seal.
Insert the pipe into the fitting until it stops. First, the compression nut is tightened by hand, then with a wrench.

Evidence of successful completion of the work should be a slightly deformed pipe. This is normal and confirms the reliability of the connection made. Here's how to crimp copper pipe with a Type A fitting.

Recommendation: Connecting copper pipes with compression fittings does not require brute force. It is desirable to avoid excessive pressure during installation, as this may lead to premature failure of the structure, but will not increase the tightness of the system.

Installation of Type B Compression Fittings

The installation algorithm for crimp connections for type B copper pipes is similar to the previous one. The cut must be cleaned of dirt and obvious defects. It is worth paying attention to the condition of the threads in the fitting. To simplify the connection, it can be lubricated with machine oil. The edge of the pipe is flared, the sealing cone must be securely pressed against the inner edge.

When doing the job, it is important to choose the right wrench size. Otherwise, the tool may deform the nut head. It also shouldn't be loose. For example, if a connection with a diameter of 54 mm is intended, it is preferable to choose a key with a length of 750 mm.

Features of the installation of a copper pipeline

Since the cost of a copper pipeline is very high, it is recommended to follow a number of rules when purchasing materials:

It is most preferable to buy pipes from one material, this approach will increase the durability of the structure.
The connection of copper with unalloyed steel is extremely unreliable. Their interaction generates electrochemical processes that destroy the structure. Steel parts at the same time lose corrosion resistance, fail much faster.
If a heterogeneous connection is planned, it is necessary to place steel pipes in front of copper pipes in the direction of liquid or gas transportation.
But copper pipes can be used together with their PVC elements. Such a connection will be reliable, no negative consequences will not occur.
For the installation of sewers are gaining more and more popularity pvc pipes. This is due to their low cost relative to metal products, while their durability is almost the same, as well as strength.

Compression fittings are often used when installing a copper pipeline, since such a connection is practical and easy to implement. At the same time, it is important not to save on the quality of products, otherwise the design will quickly require repair. The more responsibly the installation of the pipeline is performed, the higher its service life will be.

Crimp fittings for copper pipes: compression fittings for crimping, connection installation, how to compress rings

Crimp fittings for copper pipes: types and features

In order to choose the right way to connect copper pipes for a long and trouble-free operation of a home plumbing, consider the options for these various connections.

Firstly, the choice of copper pipes for domestic water supply is due to their quality characteristics: environmental friendliness, bactericidal properties, low susceptibility to corrosion, ease of installation, long term work with little or no maintenance.

There are several ways to install copper pipelines, and they are determined by the conditions of its subsequent operation: the principle of the pipeline device is detachable or one-piece, serviced or unattended. If the pipeline is planned to be hidden (into the floor screed, into the wall), then strong non-separable connections are required. For them, maintenance-free connections are made by welding or soldering, pressing. Maintenance-free connections are characterized by reliability, durability, resistant to temperature and pressure fluctuations of the working medium.

In the case of laying pipes in open access (on the walls) any will do type of connection, but more often the choice is stopped on the fastest and easiest compression connection when compression fittings for copper pipes are used. Such connections need periodic inspection and maintenance.

Different connections will require different tools. So, pipe crimping is carried out using press tongs or wrenches.

General information about fittings.

When making connections, special fittings for a copper pipe are used, which differ in the installation method. They are classified according to various criteria: There are elements for detachable (compression fittings for copper pipes) and one-piece connections (solder fittings).

They also differ in purpose:

for corner transitions and connecting pipes of different diameters, adapters (bends) are used;
for the device of branches from the central pipe - tees or crosses;
for connecting pipes of different diameters in straight sections - couplings;
for the installation of automation systems in heat supply and cold supply, push-in fittings for copper pipes are used.

The next type of classification is by material. More often, a copper, brass or bronze compression fitting for copper pipes is used, sometimes brass chrome-plated. There are also differences in the requirements for metal due to the technological purpose of the fitting used for different types pipelines (water, gas, heating, cooling).

Regardless of the fitting manufacturer, all connecting elements are made in sizes regulated by world standards, they are interchangeable. Fittings for copper pipes are easy to install and reliable.

Crimp connections for copper pipes.

There are two types of crimp connections for copper pipes - one-piece connections on press fittings and detachable connections of copper pipes on compression (collet) fittings.

Non-separable copper pipelines are mounted using press fittings. This type of installation became possible due to the plasticity of copper, it is deformed with a special tool, obtaining a strong and tight connection, which is quite comparable in quality to a soldered one. Press fittings for copper pipes allow you to achieve such a tight joint that can withstand pressures higher than the pipe itself. The connection is considered stronger than compression, but requires the use of a special tool - a press.

Outwardly, they resemble fittings for capillary soldering, but instead of solder, an o-ring made of an elastic polymer that is superior in quality to rubber is placed in the fitting belt. The technology of using press fittings includes several simple operations: pipes are cut to the desired size, the ends are deburred and calibrated. Then all ends are inserted into the fitting, and the joints are pressed with press tongs. The shape of the edge will depend on which profile the tool is used with.

The used copper crimp fitting is convenient because it does not require special equipment to work with it, there is no need to use an open flame. A minimum of tools is needed here: a cutter, wrenches (according to pipe sizes) and a calibrator. Although the resulting connection is considered collapsible, that is, it involves disassembly and reuse, but its reliability in this case is reduced. These connections are not designed for high pressure service.

Detachable connections of copper pipes are obtained using crimp (collet) fittings. Compression fittings for copper pipes are divided into two main types: one for connecting pipes made of hard and semi-hard materials (A), the second for connecting semi-hard and soft materials (B). The copper pipe collet creates additional pressure by pressing the pipe walls against the fitting cartridge, which ensures the tightness of the connection.

Compression fittings for copper pipe consist of a body, a compression nut and a compression copper ring, which is designed to seal the connection. Due to the fact that the copper ring is flattened when pressed, the structure becomes immune to vibration.

Crimp fittings for type A copper pipes are used for joining pipes made of hard copper, hard pipes with annealed ends, and even soft copper, but in order to avoid their deformation when tightened, a pipe cut (support sleeve) is placed inside. Preparation for the process is carried out, as in the previous connection: they select compression fittings for copper pipes of the required size, cut, clean the cut, check the geometry of the pipe with a mandrel-caliber and insert the pipe into the fitting. The clamping nut begins to be tightened by hand until the pipe stops turning relative to the fitting, then it is tightened with a tool until the pipe is slightly deformed and the joint is tight. If leakage is observed, then you can slightly tighten the nut. In theory, the fitting can be untwisted and reassembled, but it is better not to do this.

Compression fittings for type B copper pipes are more popular and allow the installation of thick-walled soft copper pipes. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that sealing cones are used to increase the strength of the connection (bell-shaped cohesion). When tightening the nut in such a connection, the cone fits snugly into the flared edge of the pipe and is pressed against its inner surface, and from the outside it is additionally clamped with a sealing ring.

This is an excellent method of joining soft pipes without the need for internal support sleeves. Compression of a copper pipe is carried out with a wrench or adjustable wrench, matched to the size of the pipe and fitting.

When installing compression fittings for copper pipes, certain rules should be followed, it is better if a specialist does this work. Follow fitting manufacturer's recommendations when tightening compression connection necessary, since an inexperienced craftsman can overtighten the nut and cut through the pipe with a compression ring. If this happens, you need to cut off the damaged edge and do the whole operation again. It should also be remembered that the surfaces to be joined must be clean, as well as the threads in the fitting. To obtain a reliable connection, it is necessary to choose the right key so as not to damage the edges of the clamping nut.

Crimp fittings for copper pipes: types and features

Connection of copper pipes with push-in and press fittings

Rice. 41. Connection of copper pipes with a press fitting

Another type of permanent connection of copper pipes is made on compression press couplings (Fig. 41), by analogy with press fittings for polymer pipes and fittings for soldering copper pipes with solder embedded in them. It is, as it were, a hybrid of two designs: a press fitting and a fitting for capillary soldering. Outwardly, a press fitting for copper pipes very much resembles a fitting for capillary soldering (Fig. 39), and the technological difference lies in the internal content of the fitting. The solder embedded in the capillary band of the fitting was replaced here with o-rings made of elastic polymers similar to rubber. The technology of connecting copper pipes on press fittings is reduced to simple operations: cut and deburr the pipes, calibrate them, insert them into the press fitting and compress the connection with press tongs (Fig. 42).

Rice. 42. Fixing the fitting with press tongs

In addition to one-piece, there are also detachable connections of copper pipes on compression (collet) fittings. There are two main types of push-in fittings: the first for hard and semi-hard connections and the second for soft and semi-hard pipes.

If we take a closer look at the first type of fittings, we will see that they almost completely repeat the compression fittings for metal. plastic pipes, with the only difference that copper fittings do not have a stem to which metal-plastic pipe. Otherwise, the first type of fittings for copper pipes almost completely repeats the design of fittings for metal-plastic: the same union nuts, the same sealing O-ring, the same tightening method (Fig. 43).

Rice. 43. Connection of copper pipes with compression fittings of the first type

Preparatory operations consist in the selection of a fitting of a suitable dimension. Next, as usual, you should carefully cut the pipe, remove the burr, use a mandrel gauge to check the cut for the absence of ovality and, if necessary, restore the original geometry of the pipe. Then the pipe is inserted into the fitting until it stops. As a rule, the clamping nut is first tightened by hand. After the pipe is clamped by the compression ring to such an extent that it cannot be turned relative to the fitting by hand, the nut is turned with a wrench 1/3 or 2/3 turn in order to slightly deform the pipe and provide the required clamping force. Theoretically, such a pipe connection can be disassembled and reassembled, in practice it is better not to touch it. If the connection does not flow, then leave it alone, if it leaks, then you need to slightly tighten the nuts.

Compression fittings of the first type were invented for solid copper pipes (Fig. 43), however, they can be used to connect both soft pipes and hard pipes with annealed ends. In order to prevent the pipes from deforming when tightening the nuts, a piece of pipe is placed inside them - a support sleeve. After adding this element, the fitting almost completely repeats the design of the compression fitting for metal-plastic pipes.

Compression connections of the second type are based on the socket union of pipes through sealing cones. In these fittings, by tightening the nut, the cone is pressed against the inner surface of the flared edge of the pipe, and the top of the pipe is clamped with an o-ring. The design of the unit uses the properties of soft copper: under pressure, “grind” to the surface to which it is pressed. The connection is not new, a sufficient number of men who understand the brake system of their car or the power supply system of diesel engines are familiar with it. In the piping of plumbing systems, the connection is slightly modified, but the principle of rallying itself remains the same, on its basis you may also meet other types of fittings.

Rice. 44. Connection of soft copper pipes with compression fittings of the second type

The node assembly technology (Fig. 44) is as simple as all the assemblies described above. After cutting the pipes, removing burrs (burrs) and irregularities, a clamping nut is put on the pipe and the end of the pipe is flared with a mandrel. Next, a pressure cone is inserted into the open part, after which the mounting assembly is assembled. Pre-tightening, as with all compression fittings, is done by hand and then tightened with a wrench, typically one turn.

For large diameter copper pipes flange connection. The basic design includes welding of a flange with a pipe socket or high-temperature soldering, much less often, a compression connection.

Connection of copper pipes with push-in and press fittings

In addition to one-piece press connections, there are also detachable connections of copper pipes on compression (collet) fittings.

The connection of copper pipes is made in three ways: on compression fittings, by means of capillary soldering and using press fittings. Each of these methods has its pros and cons. It all depends on the conditions in which it is planned to operate the plumbing system.

Connections on compression (compression) fittings

The main advantage of this technique is ease of installation, a minimum of auxiliary tools. Each person will be able to cope with such work, because you only need to tighten the nuts with two keys. Disadvantages of connection through fittings: limited maximum pressure (up to 10 bar) at a system temperature of 100 degrees.

Connection of copper pipes with compression fittings

During installation, it is also extremely important to prevent the slightest distortion. If the fittings are intended for "soft" pipes, a special bushing is required. The last factor is extremely important, but it is often neglected.

Connections made by capillary soldering

The advantages of soldering: accuracy and evenness of the seams, the minimum amount of solder required, democratic value. Performance characteristics: maximum operating pressure 40 bar at maximum system temperature 150 degrees. Capillary soldering requires a torch (on propane or acetylene), flux, solder. This method of connecting copper pipes requires a certain experience and knowledge from a person.

With press fittings

Advantages installation work without soldering: high reliability, average cost with a quick payback. To perform work without soldering, by means of press fittings, a minimum of knowledge and skills is required from a person. Connecting copper pipes in this way is a matter of minutes.

How to connect copper pipes with steel?

Traditionally, copper products are mounted with steel parts using compression (compression) fittings. Work technology:

The fitting is disassembled, then a pipe is inserted into it, on which a compression ring and a clamping nut are preliminarily put on.

The nut is tightened by hand until it stops. It is important to ensure that there are no distortions. Based on the diameters of the copper pipe or the instructions indicated in the passport documents or special tables, the nut is tightened by a certain number of turns with a wrench. Usually the number of turns is from ½ to ¼. It is important to follow the recommended RPM. Otherwise, the pipe may be deformed.

Connecting copper products to steel parts is quite simple. If something remains unclear to you, we strongly recommend that you watch the instructional video, which tells in detail how to mount copper parts with steel pipes.

Mounting technology

How to connect copper products?

Cut off, as in the previous version, the desired segment of the product;
The outer and inner parts are cleaned of contaminants using a special ruff or sponge for copper;
The pipe is inserted into the capillary fitting to the limit, flux is applied, the excess of which can be removed with a clean cloth;
The connection is heated by means of a gas burner or a special building hair dryer, solder is applied. The solder should melt and evenly fill the mounting gap;
We are waiting for the natural cooling of the solder. Flux residues are removed with a damp and clean cloth.

Now you know how to connect copper pipes in several ways. If something in the installation of copper products seems unclear to you, you can always watch the instructional video. In principle, this work is quite simple and you can do it yourself, without resorting to the services of professionals.

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How to connect copper pipes

Flare connection

2. Put the coupling on the pipe.

Threaded connection

Fitting is being prepared;

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How to solder copper pipes - soldering copper pipes

Pipe products made of copper materials and their alloys no longer look like a novelty in our heating systems; in addition, they are increasingly found today in modern water and gas supply lines of residential buildings and industrial enterprises. These reliable and plastic products are currently widely used as critical components. modern systems air conditioning and refrigeration units of various profiles.

copper pipe

All this is quite enough for us to have a desire to learn how to form one-piece connections from such products, or rather, to get acquainted with how to solder copper pipes at home. The fact is that the known techniques for connecting copper pipes have been used since ancient times and involve the introduction of a special molten adhesive composition or solder into the contact zone. What is especially important to know when mastering the process of soldering copper pipes is that reliable welding contact is obtained, as a rule, only when the melting temperature of the solder itself is slightly lower than the melting point of the tubes being welded.

We also note that high-quality and reliable soldering of copper pipes with your own hands will require the performer to be especially careful when working with the products to be welded, as well as certain theoretical training.

Benefits of Welded Copper Joints

Copper pipe welding

It is impossible not to mention in our article the many evidences that additionally confirm the undeniable advantages of copper structures obtained by the welded method. Such mentions only increase the ever-growing demand for products that are distinguished by a whole set of rather unique properties:

durability and strength of welded copper products;
availability and ease of processing of copper material;
the ability to select the conditions for the formation of a welding contact (adjusting the welding mode).

In addition, the use of the latest welding techniques will allow you to save on mandatory assembly spare parts such as standard adapters and fittings, which significantly reduces the overall cost of manufacturing welded heating pipes.

Copper pipe soldering methods and tools used

When carrying out special operations related to welding of pipe blanks of various diameters, the following temperature conditions are most often used:

High-temperature mode with thermal heating of the melt zone up to 900 degrees, used for workpieces under significant loads.
The low-temperature processing mode, most often practiced in everyday life with a working temperature in the contact zone up to 450 degrees.

Gripper-pipe cutter

You may need the following tool to help you fix the jointed pipes during the soldering process:

A special grip-pipe cutter that provides an even cut of the workpiece at the place of its intended welding.
Chamfer preparation tool (including deburring).
A special kind of expansion mechanism used to prepare the soldering site to a depth approximately equal to the diameter of the workpieces to be welded.
And finally myself welding machine or gas burner, directly used for soldering copper joints.

soldering torch

In addition to this, you will certainly need a building thermal hair dryer, through which it will be possible to heat up the joints of the workpieces up to 650 degrees (used mainly when working with low-melting solders).

Building hair dryer

The presence in the current tool kit of such a heating-welding machine will allow its owner to very easily regulate the temperature regime in the welding zone, as well as maintain it at optimal level. In addition, a wide range of interchangeable nozzles included in the working kit of the welding device provides you with the ability to direct a jet of heated air to any place convenient for you.

Materials used in soldering copper blanks

Before soldering heating pipes with their own hands, any performer is simply obliged to thoroughly familiarize himself with the working materials used as thermal solders. In addition, he should certainly be aware that all these materials, according to their refractoriness characteristics, are divided into solders of hard and soft categories.

Solders

Solder

The so-called high refractoriness solders outwardly resemble elongated rods of an arbitrary profile and are usually used when it is necessary to heat the metal in the soldering zone to the highest possible temperatures (up to 900 degrees Celsius). Such temperatures provide a high-quality and reliable solder contact.

Note! Such soldering materials are mainly used in repair and restoration work carried out on critical supply lines or in the repair of industrial air conditioners and special refrigeration equipment.

The most typical representatives of solder solders of this class include self-fluxing copper-phosphorus compositions equipped with a variety of additives (such as Cu94 P6 and Cu92 P6 Ag2). A 6% addition of silver or phosphorus, almost imperceptible to the eye, will allow you to lower the working melting temperature of such a solder up to 750 degrees. And this is provided that the actual expansion rates of the materials used correspond almost exactly to those of copper, which makes it possible to obtain a strong and reliable connection.

soft solder

Solders, colloquially called "soft", got their name due to the fact that they are used in the process of low-temperature processing of copper tubes produced at home. They are made, as a rule, in the form of rather thin wires and are developed on the basis of such popular chemicals as lead, tin, zinc or their alloys known to all of us.

Fluxes

Flux for soldering

In order to simplify the procedure for soldering copper pipes with your own hands, special paste-like or even liquid compositions are often used (they are also called fluxes). It is important to note that often the success or failure of the operation performed can largely depend on the competent selection of one or another flux.

Like solders, the materials we are considering are also conditionally divided into low-temperature reagents (up to 450 degrees) and high-temperature chemical components used in soldering above 450 degrees.

Such chemical compositions are used for the following purposes:

help to clean the soldering area from harmful oxides;
protect the working area from the ingress of oxygen, which is always contained in environment;
form favorable conditions for uniform distribution of the soldering composition in the places of soldering;
improve the quality of adhesion of products with solder.

During the work, the solder, heated to the required temperature, spreads evenly over the parts of the parts to be soldered, thus forming a reliable connection. After the soldering contact has cooled down, all excess flux is simply removed from the processing zone.

Video

This video is about soldering pipes with soft solder:

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How to connect copper pipes | All about pipes

Installation of copper pipelines involves the ability to properly make pipe and fitting connections. We will talk about this in this short article.

Copper pipes can be connected to the coupling without flaring the end of the pipe. The advantage of such a connection is that it can be disassembled and reassembled at any time. In the same place where it is not possible to work with a gas burner or it is impossible to completely drain the water from the old pipe, a flared connection is used. Such a connection is made as follows. The first step is to process the end of the pipe so that its surface is perfectly flat. After that, a coupling is put on the pipe, and a flaring cone is directed inside the pipe. After that, pull the flare clamp and slowly turn the flare screw. This must be done until the expansion angle of the pipe reaches forty-five degrees. After that, the screw must be unscrewed, the clamp loosened and the flaring device removed from the pipe. Now the coupling can be shifted towards the end of the pipe until it stops and tighten the nut.

However, more often copper pipes are interconnected using fittings. Unlike plastic pipes, fittings in copper pipes are not crimped, but soldered. Such soldering can be both high-temperature and low-temperature. In the first case, hard solder rod with a high melting point is used. The heating of pipes and fittings in this case should be done with acetylene or propane burners, since the temperature of their flame is very high. Used for low temperature soldering soft solder made in the form of a wire. Warming up can be done with a conventional blowtorch. In practice, high-temperature soldering is used for socket joints, and low-temperature soldering for fittings. The soldering technology is simple. First, the soldered surface of the pipe and fitting is cleaned of oxide and covered with flux. Then a fitting is put on the pipe and the place of the future connection is heated until the molten solder fills the gap between the pipe and the fitting. It should be borne in mind that the solder should not melt in the flame of the burner, but from the temperature of the heated metal. After cooling, the connection acquires high strength. After that, it remains only to remove the remaining flux from the surface.

also in copper pipelines threaded connections are also used. They must be handled with extreme caution, since copper threads can be torn off without even applying excessive force. In threaded connections for copper pipes, a ferrule is always used, which is designed to evenly distribute the load over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe connection. This work is done in the following sequence. First, the end of the pipe is processed, then a union nut is put on the pipe, and a compression ring is put on the very edge. Then the fitting is inserted into the pipe until it stops and the union nut is carefully tightened.

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How to connect copper pipes - construction

How to connect copper pipes

Copper pipes are connected when arranging various pipelines, using fittings and special methods. Everyone needs to know how to connect copper pipes, since obtaining a reliable joint requires certain conditions to be met.

Flare connection

Soft copper pipes are very often connected to a coupling in which the non-flared end of the pipe is sealed. It is not difficult to dismantle such a joint, and then it can be easily restored. Usually, a flared connection of copper pipes is used when it is dangerous to work with a burner and it is impossible to completely drain the water from the old pipe. The order of work is as follows:

1. Clean the end of the pipe. In this case, you need to remove all the burrs.

2. Put the coupling on the pipe.

3. Insert the pipe into the calibrated flare hole. Squeeze it in there well. The hole should be the same diameter as the pipe itself. Install the end of the pipe at the same level or slightly above the clamping surface.

4. Put a fixture on the clamp. Start turning the screw until the cone flares at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the end of the pipe.

5. Remove the pipe from the calibrated hole. Then you need to bring the coupling close to the flared edges. Wrap the threads of the coupling with sealing tape, and tighten the nut.

Connection with fittings

Connecting copper pipes with fittings reduces labor costs during installation, the time it takes to complete the work and guarantees the quality of the connection, since there is no metal retraction. Copper pipes with fittings are most often connected by capillary soldering, which is based on the capillary effect. There are two types of soldering copper pipes:

The soldering is high-temperature. For this method, rod refractory solders are used. Propane and acetylene burners are used to heat pipes;

The soldering is low-temperature. With this method, soft solders are used, which are rolled into coils. For this soldering, there is enough fire from the usual blowtorch.

There are no special differences in these two methods, but high-temperature soldering is used for socket pipe connections, and low-temperature soldering is used on joints with fittings into which solder is fused.

The fitting method is as follows:

A fitting is put on a flux-coated pipe:

The joint is heated with a torch until the solder melts and closes the gap between the fitting and the pipe;

The structure is allowed to cool and then the exterior is cleaned with special cleaners for copper. After that, the pipe is ready for operation.

Threaded connection

Threaded connection copper pipes is collapsible, and special ferrules are used. If there is a need for dismantling, the ring will need to be replaced. This type of connection is made as follows:

First cut off a piece of pipe of the required length;

If pipes with PVC insulation are used, it is necessary to remove the insulating layer from the end of the pipe with a sharp knife and remove the burrs that formed after the cut with a file;

Fitting is being prepared;

A union nut is put on the pipe, then a squeeze ring is put on;

The nut should be screwed on smoothly - at first it is twisted by hand, when it becomes impossible to do so, a key is used. During operation, the nut compresses the pipe and the joint is sealed.

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