Fittings - connecting parts of pipelines. Steel barrel How does the squeegee differ from a barrel
All of the above parts are used for splicing) metal pipelines associated with hot and cold water supply systems for residential buildings and their heating.
During the installation of these systems, their maintenance is provided without the use of open flame (welding, cutting, etc.).
The use of these parts makes it possible to disassemble and assemble systems independently.
"A part designed for threaded connection of pipelines. It is a pipe segment with pipe threads at the ends. At one end, the thread is short (5-6 threads), at the other long (20 .... 30 threads). Squeeze is most often used for connection of two fixed pipelines, ... "
The length of the pipe segment itself can be different and differ from the standard one (sold in the store).
The name - "Sgon" is derived from the fact that, when splicing pipes, the coupling (in the photo is on the right on the pipe and cast from cast iron), first, twists back (drives), is attached close to another thread (usually wrapped with tow-flax) , and then it is wound onto the connected pipe ...
In addition to the coupling, there is a lock nut in the kit, which is pressed against the coupling and compresses the linen-tow, preventing the leakage of liquid. Plays the role of a sealer.
2 - Barrel;
"Scope of application: to create a threaded detachable connection of pipeline systems at a temperature of the conductive medium not higher than 175 ° C and a pressure of P \u003d 1.6 MPa ...."
Sold without clutch and locknut.
3- Nipple
The main function in the system is
"In the case of a permanent connection of pipelines, the nipple can simultaneously perform the function of their mechanical (power) fastening. In particular, a plumbing radiator nipple is used to connect sections of heating batteries to each other and is performed simultaneously with left and right threads, which allows turning it with a special nipple wrench , pull together both parts at the same time.
The second use of this word is
serves to bleed air from heating systems. They are equipped with radiators on the top floors of buildings. It is especially relevant in the autumn period of launching heating systems in the city. Allows you to remove air and improve the circulation of the coolant.
It looks something like this (although now there are many modifications):
In fact, the concept of "Nipple" is different. From the question itself, one can conclude about a valve for venting air from heating systems, but in the automotive industry it plays the role of a non-return valve that allows air to enter the wheel tire and does not allow the latter to go back.
4- Thread .. there are metric, inch and pipe and others. So, here, you can’t explain right away and from the raid. Their diversity is associated with the integration of various standards of measures and measurements in the world. With the globalization of the industry in the industry, etc.
Despite the popularity of modern plastic pipes, steel pipes are still widely used - mainly for the installation of pipelines for hot and cold water supply systems, pipelines for heating systems and gas pipelines. Steel pipelines when operating in non-aggressive environments are characterized by high reliability and durability. The technology of installation of steel pipelines requires the use of special elements of the pipe billet. Their use greatly simplifies installation and reduces the time of its implementation.
All the necessary elements for completing steel pipelines are offered to their customers in Moscow by Santekhkomplekt.
Types of pipe blanks
Installation of steel pipelines is quite laborious and can require considerable time. Significantly speeds up the work the use of special elements of the pipe billet, with the help of which threaded connection pipes. Also, the elements of the workpiece make it possible to simplify the laying of pipelines if it is necessary to shift the axis.
The main elements of the pipe billet:
- Sgon. It is a small piece of pipe, at one end of which a thread is cut, and at the other end - a short thread. It is applied to connection between the fixed sections of pipelines.
- Barrel. Just like the drive, it is a small piece of pipe with an external thread cut at the ends. The difference from the drive is that the threads at both ends are of equal length.
- Welded thread.It is a short piece of pipe, at one end of which a short thread is cut, and the other end is prepared for a welded joint with a pipe. This element is welded to a steel pipe, which makes it possible to thread it with other sections of the pipeline.
- Pipe sections. Preformed pieces of fixed length (usually 1 meter) with threaded ends. Used for quick installation of short sections of pipelines, such as branches.
- Staples and indents. Sections of a pipe of a curvilinear shape with a thread cut at the ends. They are used when it is necessary to avoid obstacles or when the axes of the connected pipes do not match.
All types of tubular blanks can be made of steel without a protective coating. It is also possible to use billet elements made of galvanized steel, which gives increased resistance to corrosion.
Piping parts, clamps and fasteners from Santekhkomplekt
The company "Santekhkomplekt" sells all types of pipe blanks in Moscow. The offered parts are supplied from leading metallurgical enterprises. High-quality steel is used for the manufacture, which fully meets all the requirements of regulatory documentation.
The use of these products can significantly simplify and speed up the installation of metal pipelines. At the same time, the favorable prices of our company make it possible to reduce the financial costs of installation.
Fitting fitness strife
If you are just starting to comprehend the basics of science called plumbing, then you should start learning with fittings. And although you are not going to sell fittings in bulk in the future and ship flanges in barrels, it is simply necessary to know what types of fittings are used by specialists today.
So, fittings are special pipeline parts that are used to connect its parts to each other. At the same time, pipelines can be the most different types, and the connection can perform different functions - branching of the pipeline, its sealing, connection, and so on. So, for example, fittings can connect pipes of the same diameter to each other. Such fittings are called straight. But those fittings, whose task is to fasten the ends of pipes of different diameters, are called transitional. In the classic version, fittings are attached to pipes using threads, which can be either internal or external, and threaded fittings are used for this. In general, translated from English word"fitting" is translated as connection, installation or assembly.
Fashion fittings in plastic "dressed"
Modern fittings are produced from the most different materials. The fact is that the technologies for the production of the most important elements of plumbing are constantly evolving, and fittings made of cast iron, steel, as well as brass fittings today are equally replaced by plastic and polypropylene ones. The process of extrusion of steel or cast iron fittings by fittings from modern materials is due to the ubiquitous transition to modern construction plumbing communications for the use of metal-plastic and polypropylene pipes. These pipes have a large number of undeniable advantages over the materials of past years. The small weight of metal-plastic and polypropylene provides ease in every sense of the word - in transportation, installation, fixing the pipe. Both polypropylene and metal-plastic pipes are not subject to corrosion and are resistant to temperature extremes, which cannot be said about heating systems of past decades. Another plus of using pipes made of metal-plastic raw materials or polypropylene is the unique soundproofing properties. After all of the above, it becomes clear to the beginner why metal-plastic and polypropylene fittings are replacing threaded fittings. It should be noted that in general fittings for metal-plastic pipes are press fittings and compression fittings.
"We work on the fitting." Glossary of terms
Fittings are transitional, angular, cross, straight. They can be in the form of a coupling, a barrel, a squeegee, a tee, stoppers, and so on.
Coupling
Coupling is one of the many types of fittings. The main task of the coupling, the thread of which is located on the inside, is the connection of pipe, hose or sleeve segments. Couplings are simple and transitional. The coupling is cut into the pipe without fail using seals from such types of raw materials as energy flex, tow, sanitary flax, fum tape, etc. In general, the sealant in the process of using fittings as threaded elements is used everywhere.
Barrel
A barrel or adapter is most often compared to a coupling because it is used for the same purpose as a coupling - to connect different parts of the pipeline to each other. But, if the thread of the coupling, as we have already indicated, is on the inside, then the thread of the barrel is located on the outside. Bochata - this is also called this element - it is advisable to use it on the final segment of the pipeline branch, for example, in the case of installing a crane.
Sgon
If the keg is like a muff in its functional characteristics, then the drive, in turn, is very reminiscent of a barrel. One way or another, the sgons have their own individual characteristics. Spurs are used to connect already laid pipes. The carving on the sides of the drive is not the same - on the one hand it is longer, on the other - shorter. This is done so that, in the event of a rupture of the pipeline, all parts of which are rigidly fixed, it would be possible to fix them in their places without shifting or rotating.
corner
Corners (corners) are also a kind of coupling, that is, a piece of pipe bent at an angle of 90 °, etc. The corner has a thread on both sides, which opens up great opportunities for mounting pipes. Elbows are used to change the direction of a pipe line. Corners allow you to change the direction of flow by 45-120 °. But it is worth noting that it is possible to change this direction only in those places that were originally included in the project. Corners allow you to create a large branched piping system. An angle is installed at the end of a straight section of the pipeline, and then a pipe is screwed into it, which starts a new section of the pipeline line. Corners are indispensable if the line "winds", that is, repeatedly changes its direction.
Tee
Tees, bends and manifolds are indispensable in cases where it is necessary to apply repeated branching of the pipeline. Using a tee allows you to start new line pipeline without interrupting the course of the main branch.
Stub
A plug is another type of fitting. Plugs are designed to close end openings in pipelines. Depending on the type of fixation, plugs are divided into flanged and wafer, rotary, flat welded, spherical and elliptical. In this list, "outstanding" are steel flanged plugs, which are able to withstand the temperature of the working environment from -70 to + 600 C. In general, flanged plugs have unique characteristics in terms of resistance to aggressive media.
This is not a complete list, although it is sufficient for the first acquaintance. various kinds fittings with brief description their functional application. Good luck with your knowledge of the basics of plumbing.
When installing pipeline systems of small diameters, it is impossible to do without the use of connecting parts of pipelines, the so-called fittings.
Connecting parts of pipelines are parts for connecting pipes of the same or different diameters, both in one direction and at an angle. Depending on the method of connection, there are several types of fittings: threaded, self-locking, compression, fittings for capillary soldering and press fittings.
By the names of the types of connecting parts of pipelines, it immediately becomes obvious that the main task of the fitting is to connect pipelines at turns, branches and transitions. Connecting the links of the pipeline, the fittings provide a reliable, durable and permanent connection.
This article discusses how the connecting parts of pipelines are most common in operation. Threaded fittings connect various elements of the pipeline to each other using threads cut into them and the connected parts of the pipeline. The thread can be cut both on the inside of fittings and pipes, and on the outside.
Threaded fittings for water and gas steel pipes are made with cylindrical threads. To create a tight connection, the cylindrical thread is sealed with a linen strand moistened with iron minium mixed with natural drying oil, non-hardening paste, FUM tape, or a universal sealing thread impregnated with a special sealing compound.
The connecting parts of pipelines for metal water and gas pipes are mainly made of ductile iron, steel, bronze and brass. GOST requires that the outer and inner surface of the fitting should not have shells and foreign inclusions, and the end planes of the fittings must be perpendicular to the axes of the passages.
Steel and cast iron connecting parts of pipelines can be coated with some kind of anti-corrosion material. Anti-corrosion coatings are mainly chromium, zinc, nickel. Zinc plating is more commonly used when fittings are used in weather conditions where rust is undesirable. Such fittings are commonly referred to as "galvanized". Chrome and nickel plating is more expensive and is used mainly on plumbing fittings, i.e. fittings used in the installation of household plumbing.
To give greater strength, the connecting parts of ductile iron pipelines are provided with a special shoulder at the edges - thickening. Steel fittings do not have collars.
Basically, fittings are produced with a nominal diameter (Dy) from 8 to 100 mm. As a rule, such fittings are used for pipelines, the temperature of the working fluid in which is not higher than 175 ˚С and the pressure is not higher than 1.6 MPa, at any Dy value (for steel fittings) and at Dy not more than 40 mm (for ductile iron fittings ). The most common fittings with a nominal diameter (Dy) of 15, 20, 25, 32, 40 and 50 mm.
Depending on the purpose, the connecting parts of pipelines are divided into:
fittings designed to connect various parts of the pipeline to each other: couplings, barrels;
fittings designed to change the direction of the flow line of the working fluid): squares;
Fittings used for pipe branching: tees and crosses;
fittings used to connect firmly fixed pipeline sections that cannot be dismantled: escapades;
fittings used for hermetic sealing of the ends of pipes of any branch of the pipeline: plugs, plugs.
Coupling designed to connect two pipes together. The simplest is a piece of pipe, on the inner surface of which a cylindrical thread is cut. To connect pipes with a coupling, a thread is cut on the outer surface of the pipes (at the ends to be connected). A coupling is screwed onto the thread on one of the pipes using a sealant. On the other side of the coupling, another pipe with a previously cut thread is screwed in, also using a sealant.
A coupling having the same diameter on both sides is called a straight coupling.
GOST direct coupling, made of ductile iron, provides for two types: short and long.
An example of a symbol for a straight short coupling without coating with DN 40mm:
Coupling short 40 GOST 8954-75
the same with zinc coating:
Coupling short Ts-40 GOST 8954-75.
An example of a symbol for a straight long uncoated coupling with DN 40mm:
Coupling long 40 GOST 8955-75
the same with zinc coating:
Coupling long Ts-40 GOST 8955-75
The direct steel coupling GOST 8966-75 is provided for one type.
An example of a symbol for a straight coupling without coating with DN 50mm:
Coupling 50 GOST 8966-75
the same with zinc coating:
Coupling Ts50 GOST 8966-75.
In addition to direct couplings, there are adapter couplings. The name itself suggests that such couplings are used to move from one diameter to another. In this case, on the one hand, the coupling has a diameter of the pipe entering it, and on the other hand, the diameter of the outgoing pipe, which differs in size from the first.
An example of a symbol for an uncoated transition sleeve from DN 32mm to DN 25mm:
Coupling 32X25 GOST 8957-75
same with zinc coating
Coupling Ts-32X25 GOST 8957-75
GOST defines for each type of coupling the nominal bore, thread parameters, length, weight (for cast-iron couplings, also the number of ribs on the coupling surface).
Another type of fitting is the so-called barrel. This connecting element is similar to a coupling and is used mainly for the same purposes as the coupling, only it has threads on the outer surface, and not on the inner, like the coupling. Those. in its simplest form, it is a segment steel pipe threaded at both ends. As a rule, the length of the thread at one end of the barrel is equal to the length of the thread at the other end of the barrel. Barrels (barrels) are used mainly at the end of one of the branches of the pipeline, when this branch must be completed by installing any unit. An example of using a keg: enters the room water pipe with an outer diameter of 20 mm. It must be connected to sleeve valve DN 15 mm. Then the following design can serve as the best option for connecting them to each other: a 20X15 mm adapter is screwed onto a pipe with a diameter of 20 mm. A keg with DN 15 mm is screwed into the coupling from the side of DN 15 mm, and a tap is screwed onto this barrel.
as well as couplings can be galvanized.
A similar connecting element in comparison with a barrel is the so-called. The thread differs from the barrel in that on this element the thread is cut only at one end. The end on which there is no thread is welded, for example, into the pipeline, and some kind of pipeline fittings is screwed onto the second end: a drain cock, valve, etc.
Threads, as well as barrels and couplings, can be galvanized.
Drives- this is the connecting part of the pipeline, one of the varieties of the fitting. Outwardly, it looks like a small piece of pipe, with a thread at each end. A characteristic difference between the drive and other similar structures is that the thread is applied not inside the part, but outside. At one end, the spurs have a short thread section, and at the other, a longer one.
The original design allows it to be used where it is necessary to connect firmly fixed sections of the pipeline that cannot be rotated.
An example of the use of a surge can be the installation of a heating radiator and its connection to the supply hot water pipeline. Since the radiator cannot be screwed onto the supply pipe, it is first necessary to create a specific wiring diagram (design) for its installation. To do this, you should decide on the location of the radiator, calculate the length of the supply pipe, determine the size and diameter of the overrun itself. In addition to the drive for installation, you will need a coupling and a lock nut of the appropriate diameter. After carrying out all the necessary preparatory work you can start installation. Installation is carried out in the following order:
1. The radiator is attached to the place of its permanent placement.
2. Cut off (if necessary) the supply pipe to the required length.
3. At the end of the supply pipe is cut external thread to connect the coupling.
4. A lock nut is screwed onto the drive section with a large length of thread (until it stops).
5. A coupling is screwed onto the drive section with a small length of thread using a sealant (until it stops).
6. The drive from the side of the long section of the thread, using a sealant, is screwed into the radiator cap until the end of the drive with the coupling screwed onto it is equal to the end of the supply pipe.
7. The coupling with the horn screwed into it is screwed onto the inlet pipe with the help of a sealant until it stops (at the same time, the horn is partially unscrewed from the radiator cap).
8. The lock nut is screwed up to the stop, preventing the self-unscrewing of the squeegee.
If it is necessary, for example, to connect two rigidly fixed pipes together, then two couplings must be used in the installation structure, and not one, as in the example discussed above. Before starting the pipe connection, a lock nut is screwed on the side of the long thread, then a coupling. From the side of the short thread, the sling is screwed onto the coupling, previously wound onto the pipe. After that, the other end of the drive is connected to another pipe and the second coupling is “driven” onto it, and then the lock nut. When using this type of connection, the use of sealing elements is also necessary.
The main dimensions of the spurs used in the domestic industry, with zinc coating and without coating with a cylindrical thread, are regulated by GOST 8969-75. Structural dimensions and specifications defined in GOST 8965-75 and 6357-81.
square allows you to change the direction of laying pipelines in the places provided for by the project.
This is actually a coupling bent at an angle of 900. It is screwed at the end of the straight section, on the other side of this elbow a pipe is screwed into it, which is the beginning of a new section of the line. There are squares by analogy with straight and transitional couplings. For right angles, the conditional diameters of the passage are the same on both sides. For transitional squares, the conditional diameters of the passage are different: on the one hand, a larger one, on the other, a smaller one. Transition elbows allow you to switch from one pipe diameter to another pipe diameter with a change in the direction of the flow line of the working fluid by 900. Elbows used in industrial heating mains, in water supply systems are made mainly of ductile iron according to GOST 8946-75 - right angles and GOST 8947- 75 - transitional squares.
Squares are galvanized and non-galvanized. The guested symbol of the squares resembles the symbol of the couplings.
If from some place the pipeline begins to branch into several directions, then one cannot do without such a type of fitting as a tee or a cross. , without interrupting the main branch of the pipeline, starts a new one. If it is necessary to periodically turn off a new branch, then immediately after the tee at the beginning of this branch, some kind of locking device, for example, a valve, is installed. The cross branches off the direct direction into two branches at once, each of which can again branch out with the help of tees and crosses.
Based on the main dimensions determined by GOST, there are:
- straight tee, GOST 8948-75, example 15X15;
- transitional tee, GOST 8949-75, example 20X15;
- a tee with two transitions, GOST 8950-75, example 40X25 X32;
- straight cross, GOST 8951-75, example 20X20;
- transitional cross, GOST 8952-75, example 25X15;
- a cross with two transitions, GOST 8953-75, example 32X25 X25;
An example of a symbol for an uncoated transition tee from DN 40 mm to DN 32 mm:
Tee 40X32 GOST 8949-75.
An example of a symbol for a cross with two zinc-coated transitions from DN 25 mm to DN 15 mm and DN 20 mm:
Cross 25X15X20 GOST 8953-75.
Plugs or plugs are used to temporarily close a pipeline branch, for example during repairs, or to permanently close it.
High quality and reliability connecting parts of pipelines is based on the strict fulfillment and observance of all the requirements of a cyclic complex sequence during the installation of pipeline connections. Using various fittings, it is possible to avoid lengthy and costly work associated with the need to connect pipelines by welding and, without much effort and cost, both temporary and material, to solve the installation and operation of water supply and heating systems.
