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Complete blood count: does blood sugar and diabetes show? Blood sugar test - what is it called and what does it show? What blood test shows sugar

Blood sugar analysis is the most reliable and objective indicator of the health status of people with diabetes. Deciphering a blood test for sugar is necessary in order to understand how serious things are with such an insidious disease as diabetes mellitus, because often there are no symptoms at all.

What does a blood sugar test show?

In patients with diabetes, a blood test is performed, regardless of the type of diabetes. A blood test allows you to assess the state of the metabolic systems of the body and make a decision on the tactics of treating a diabetic. The analysis evaluates indicators such as glucose in the blood plasma, as well as the percentage of glycated hemoglobin.

Glucose is the main and most necessary source of energy for all tissues of the human body, especially the brain. Normally, the analysis determines glucose in the range from 3 mmol / l to 6 mmol / l, which is the physiological values of glycemia. Glucose can be measured both in capillary blood, using a mini-glucometer, and in venous blood, using a stationary analyzer. The concentration of glucose in the plasma of capillary and venous blood may differ slightly, on average, a fluctuation in the sugar level of 1 mmol / l is allowed.

Determination of glucose levels in the clinical laboratory is carried out using an automatic analyzer

Why do you need a glucose test?

Blood sugar is the main indicator that reflects the work of carbohydrate metabolism in the human body. A whole cascade of organs and systems is responsible for carbohydrate metabolism in the body, so the level of glucose in plasma and hemoglobin can be used to judge the functional activity of such organs and systems as the pancreas, liver, neurohumoral system.

Of particular relevance is the control of plasma glucose levels in people suffering from various forms of diabetes mellitus.. In diabetes, there is a disruption in the production of basal insulin, the hormone responsible for the utilization of glucose, which leads to the accumulation of the latter in the blood, while the cells of the body literally begin to starve and experience an energy deficit. For patients with insulin-dependent type of diabetes, constant monitoring of blood glycemia is vital, since an overdose of insulin or its deficiency significantly affect the progression of diabetes mellitus. Only with the help of a constant determination of sugar is it possible to keep glucose in optimal values.

Analysis rules

To increase the accuracy of the analysis results and obtain the most objective data on the chemical composition of the blood, it is necessary to follow some rules before taking the analysis:

Need to stop consuming alcoholic beverages and alcohol-containing products at least a day before the analysis. Alcohol greatly affects the composition of the blood.
It is recommended to carry out the last meal 10 hours before the test for sugar, i.e. on an empty stomach At the same time, drinking plain water without additives is not prohibited.
On the day of the actual sugar test, you should skip the morning brushing of your teeth, as many toothpastes contain sugar, which can enter the gastrointestinal tract. The same is true with chewing gum.

By adhering to the simple rules described above, you can achieve the most adequate and accurate result of sugar concentration. The rules described are general and do not depend on the place of blood sampling, whether it is blood from a finger or a vein.

Finger blood

Allows you to carry out express diagnostics of the level of glucose in the plasma of peripheral capillary blood, which is not the most accurate, but a valuable indicator. This method is easy to implement at home. There is a wide range of portable glucometers available for this kind of home testing. However, for such control at home, it is necessary to observe technical control measures for the glucometer, because storing test strips in an open state leads to their unusability. Be sure to strictly follow the technical regulations and instructions supplied with the glucometer!

Blood from a vein

Venous blood sampling is carried out on an outpatient or inpatient basis, i.e. in the hospital. Blood from a vein is taken in a volume of 3-5 ml. A larger amount of blood taken is necessary for the determination chemical composition blood in an automatic analyzer. The automatic analyzer allows you to get the most accurate data on the level of glycemia.

The procedure for taking venous blood to determine the concentration of glucose is no different

Outcome norms

In order to correctly interpret the analysis, it is necessary to know the norms of glucose concentration and in what quantities they are measured. On most result sheets, the normal concentration ranges for substances are placed directly next to the values obtained to make it easier to navigate the numbers and results.

How is glucose indicated on the form? If everything is very clear with glucometers - they display only data related to glucose, then things are more complicated with automatic analyzers, since in biochemical analysis often determine a large number of other substances. On domestic forms, glucose is designated as such, but on foreign analyzers, sugar is designated as GLU, which is translated from Latin as glucose (sugar). The normal level of glycemia is from 3.33 to 6.5 mmol / l - these norms are typical for adults. Children have slightly different standards. They are lower than in adults. From 3.33 to 5.55 - in children of primary school age, and in newborns - from 2.7 to 4.5 mmol / l.

It is important to note that analyzers from different companies interpret the results slightly differently, but all norms remain within the fluctuation range of less than 1 mmol/l.

Although most blood tests measure sugar in mol/l, some analyzers may use units such as mg/dl or mg%. To convert these values to mol/L, simply divide the result by 18.

Results below normal

When the concentration of glucose in the blood falls below physiological values, this condition is called hypoglycemia. It is accompanied characteristic symptoms. A person is disturbed by a feeling of weakness, drowsiness and hunger. Reasons for low glucose levels can be:

starvation or lack of carbohydrate foods;
incorrect dose of insulin;
hypersecretion of own insulin;
strong physical exercise;
neurohumoral diseases;
liver damage.

All these conditions can lead to both a sharp decrease in sugar, and a gradual one, which can be easily overlooked due to the absence of severe symptoms.

Results above the norm

When the concentration of glucose in the plasma is above normal values, a condition such as hyperglycemia is formed. Hyperglycemia may be associated with the following conditions:

violation of the rules of blood donation;
mental or physical stress during the test;
endocrine disorders;
pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas);
poisoning.

Specialized Glucose Tests

For endocrinologists, when forming the tactics of managing a patient, data on the concentration of glucose in the peripheral blood is not enough; for this, patients with diabetes mellitus undergo special laboratory blood tests for sugar, in which parameters such as glycosylated or glycated hemoglobin are determined, a test for glucose tolerance.

Glycated hemoglobin is the percentage of sugar in the blood protein, hemoglobin. The norm is 4.8 - 6% of the total protein. Glycated hemoglobin is an indicator of carbohydrate metabolism in the body over the past 3 months.

The tolerance test is carried out for all patients with suspected diabetes mellitus, and it is based on a glucose load test with the determination of sugar levels at certain time intervals of 60, 90 and 120 minutes from the use of 75 g of glucose solution.

Last update: October 7, 2019

Diabetes in its initial stages shows no symptoms. Following from this, doctors advise taking a blood test for sugar at least once every three years, even if the person’s obvious symptoms do not bother.

That helps to notice the disease in advance, and start treatment at the initial stages. Diabetes, missed at an early stage, will be followed by the rapid development of more aggravating forms, as a result of which, the body performs processes that can no longer be corrected.

By referring to a blood test for sugar, it means confirming the level of glucose in the blood, since it is she who feeds all our cells in the body and supplies him with energy.

What is the role of glucose in the body?

Glucose is the body's fuel supplier.

A good indicator for sugar levels is from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l. When the indicators shift from the normal values, endocrinological diseases progress in a person.

A blood test for the amount of sugar is simple, but gives detailed information on the glucose content.

Glucose indicators should be maintained within normal limits, because with pathologies and some features of the body, its level can fluctuate in one direction or another, which threatens health, and even life.

Why take a blood sugar test for people of any age?

Diabetes affects people all over the world. Detecting it in the early stages is essential for the application of therapy in order to recover. The doctor is able to detect diabetes by a clinical blood test, or other examinations of the patient.

Blood for sugar indicators is taken in the case of:

Suspicion of possible diabetes mellitus;
Before operations that take place under anesthesia;
In patients suffering from atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease;
Just as part of a laboratory analysis;
To control therapy in case of diabetes;
People at risk (pancreatic diseases, people with obesity and heredity);

What symptoms are worrisome?

If you notice obvious symptoms, you should go to the hospital:

Rapid weight loss;
Stable fatigue;
decline in vision;
Inexhaustible feeling of thirst;
Frequent urination;
Wounds do not heal well;
The presence of dryness in the oral cavity (and all mucous membranes).

Noticing at least one of the signs, you need to contact a competent endocrinologist, and take a blood test for sugar.

The risk zone also includes healthy people who are at risk of progression of diabetes. They should carefully observe nutrition and healthy lifestyles, remove themselves from heavy loads, and frequent stresses. It is also worth regularly taking a blood test for sugar.

People at risk include:

In childhood, there is a variant of the onset of type 1 diabetes, it is important for parents to observe the slightest signs of diabetes. The diagnosis should be established by the doctor, after the child is sent for a blood test for sugar. In children, a slightly modified norm of sugar levels, ranging from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l.

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by:

Increased cravings for sweets;
Tired after a few hours after meals.

Increased attention to fluctuations in blood sugar levels should be during pregnancy. The body of the expectant mother, in connection with the appearance of the fetus, works at an accelerated pace, which sometimes causes deviations that provoke diabetes. In order to detect a violation of the pancreas in time, pregnant women are sent for a blood test for sugar.

It is especially important for women who have had diabetes before conception to monitor their blood glucose levels.

What are the causes of blood sugar instability?

Not necessarily diabetes is the cause of increased blood glucose levels.

Some conditions of the body also cause an increase in sugar:

Epilepsy;
The use of certain medications;
Eating food before testing;
The influence of toxic substances (as an option, carbon monoxide);
Physical overexertion;
Emotional overstrain.

Low sugar levels are observed as often as high ones.

Low sugar is when:

obesity;
Prolonged fasting;
Tumors in the pancreas;
Disorders of the nervous system;
Liver diseases;
Alcohol poisoning;
Taking insulin in excess of the prescribed dose, for patients with diabetes;
Vascular diseases;
Intoxication with poisons.

How do I prepare for a blood sugar test?

By following simple rules, you can ensure accurate test results:

10-12 hours before delivery, limit yourself to food intake;
Try not to get into stressful situations, and do not perform complex physical activity the day before;
Eliminate cigarettes before testing;
24 hours prior to donation, do not drink alcohol;
If you are taking any medications, you should tell your doctor;
Do not brush your teeth or chew gum before taking the test.

Preparing for analysis is not difficult, but important, take it seriously.

Where is the blood taken from?

Blood sampling is carried out from a finger (less often from a vein).

Types of blood tests for sugar:

To fully determine the level of sugar in the blood, the endocrinologist will refer you to the delivery of a clinical blood test. Based on the results of this examination, he will prescribe insulin and treatment.

In medicine, there are 4 types of blood glucose analysis (2 main and 2 clarifying) (Table 1):

Table 1

Standard Laboratory Method

Such an analysis is most likely to correctly show whether there is diabetes mellitus in the blood, or it is absent. Blood donation occurs most often from a finger (possibly from a vein).
Blood is taken from a finger if the analysis is biochemical, and the blood test will be carried out by an automatic analyzer.

Express test

This test helps to measure the level of glucose in the blood without leaving home. However, the error of such a test can be up to 20%, due to the fact that the test strips deteriorate over time when exposed to air.

The order of measurement by express test:

Treat the skin puncture site with alcohol or antiseptics;
We make a puncture in the area of \u200b\u200bthe fingertip;
We remove the first drop with sterilized cotton wool or a bandage;
The second drop is placed on the test strip, previously installed in the device;
Let's see the results.

Glucose tolerance test (with exercise)

In the event that the laboratory method has revealed that the sugar levels are normal, then, in order to make sure that the body is not disposed to developing diabetes, doctors recommend taking a stress test. This study is carried out if the endocrinologist suspected the early stages of diabetes mellitus or problems with carbon metabolism. How does this test go?

Within two hours, blood is taken from the subject 4 times. The first approach is done in the morning, on an empty stomach. Then the person under study should take water with glucose (70-110 grams, stirred into 150-200 ml of water). Blood samples are taken after 1 hour, 1.5 and 2 hours. During the entire analysis, you can not eat or drink.

Doctors observe how blood sugar behaves: after taking glucose, it rises, and then gradually decreases.

As a result of such a test, there are normal indicators:

7.8 mmol / l - is the norm;
from 7.8 to 11.1 mmol / l - means that the patient is in a state of prediabetes;
more than 11.1 mmol / l - a statement of diabetes.

What does a glycated hemoglobin test give?

Such an analysis, of a biochemical nature, shows the average level of sugar in the blood for up to three months. It is prescribed for the effectiveness of insulin treatment, or confirmation of the diagnosis - diabetes.

Glycated hemoglobin binds to glucose molecules permanently. If the sugar level is elevated (namely, diabetes mellitus), the reaction goes much faster than normal, and leads to an increase in the level of such hemoglobin in the blood.

Blood sampling for such a test is carried out from a finger, regardless of the meal.

This analysis shows the effectiveness of insulin treatment over the past months.

The normal value of glycated hemoglobin is 4 to 9%.

Exceeding the norm leads to the likelihood of complications. And if the indicator is more than 8%, this indicates that the therapy should be changed, since it is not effective.

What is the relationship between sugar and cholesterol?

Doctors and researchers have long discovered the dependence of glucose on blood cholesterol.

This is because the norms of these indicators are influenced by the same factors, such as:

Improper nutrition;
Obesity;
Passive lifestyle.

The values of cholesterol and blood glucose in the adult population are similar. The level of normal sugar ranges from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l, and the normal amount of cholesterol in the blood is from 3.6 to 7.8 mmol / l.

Deciphering the analysis and the norm

After you have passed a blood test for sugar, and the laboratory has carried out research, you are given the results of the tests. In order not to fall into despair from incomprehensible numbers, let's decipher them together.

To do this, we use a table in which the decoded results of blood tests for sugar (Table 2):

Table 2

Analysis name	Laboratory analysis	Test with sugar "load"	Analysis for glycated hemoglobin
Normal indicators mmol\L	3,5 – 5,5	The first test - 3.5 - 5.5;	Less than 5.7%
		After taking glucose, less than 7.8
Indicators for diabetes, mmol/l	6.1 or more	The first sample is more than 6.1;	More than 6.5%
		After taking glucose over 11.1
Value for prediabetes, mmol/l	5,6 – 6,1	First sample 5.6 - 6.1;	5,7 – 6,4%
		After taking glucose 7.8 - 11.1
Values for hypoglycemia, mmol/l	Less than 3.5	Less than 3.5	-

It is worth remembering that in children and adults the norm is almost the same, but in older people it is higher.

How to lower sugar on the eve of the test?

To lower the level of sugar in the blood, on the eve of the analysis, you can adhere to diet food: low-fat yogurts and kefirs, non-sweet fruits, cheeses, fresh vegetables, as well as non-fat meat - fish, idea, chicken. Stop eating at least 12 hours before the test.

During these 12 hours, our liver burns sugar. Both active and vigorous exercise can lower blood sugar levels.

To lower, insulin is also injected under the skin, but only on the recommendation of a doctor, otherwise it can lead to coma and death.

Methods for increasing blood sugar levels

Quickly increase blood glucose levels with sweets: 1 candy, a third of a chocolate bar, a few slices of chocolate. Dried fruits, tea with 2 tablespoons of sugar, a banana, or sweet juice also increase blood sugar. For such purposes, adrenaline is also administered, but only on the recommendation of doctors.

How much is a sugar test done?

After you donate blood, it must be checked within two hours, the results can be issued the next day. It all depends on the organization you work for.

Can the analysis be wrong?

Laboratory analysis gives greater accuracy than a rapid test, which can be up to 20% in error, and be erroneous.

The price of a blood test for sugar

The price policy for a blood test for sugar, first of all, depends on the organization in which you do the test. Naturally, in public clinics the price will not be significant, but less than in private clinics.

A standard laboratory test for sugar costs about 250-250 rubles;
Analyzes for glycated hemoglobin about 360-1000 rubles;
A test with a "load" will cost about 650-850 rubles.
To conduct express tests, you need to buy a glucometer (approximate price from 800 to 1600 rubles), and a pack of strips (50 pcs.) At a price of 100 to 600 rubles, depending on the quality.

Specify the final prices directly at the place of testing, in pharmacies, or places specializing in the sale of glucometers.

If you are registered with insulin, you can get it in state institutions for free, for this, get acquainted with state programs.

Diabetes is a common disease. You can control its appearance only with the help of regular blood tests for sugar. And if it is detected in the early stages, less expensive and painful treatment can be dispensed with. For the accuracy of the analysis, it is imperative to take into account all the recommendations for preparing for delivery. Provide the results to the doctor, who will give an opinion on further treatment or prevention of diabetes.

Blood sugar is a value due to which doctors will be able to detect diabetes in a patient, because this disease does not manifest itself outwardly at the initial stage. With the help of sugar analysis, specialists will be able to determine the level of glucose in the blood, because it is it that nourishes the cells of the body and supplies energy. Today we will tell you more about the analysis of sugar and its norms.

AT human body sugar is present in the form of glucose. It is a source of biological energy, which is necessary for the functioning of all organs and systems.

Important! In analyzes, sugar is referred to as GLU (hereinafter).

A normal GLU level indicates that everything is normal with carbohydrate metabolism. A change in the indicator is a sign of the development of pathologies and may have adverse consequences. That is why it is important to monitor its quantity. This can be done through a number of diagnostic tests, which you can read more about right now.

What tests are done to determine sugar?

The level of glucose is detected by its content in the urine or blood. Let's start with a urinalysis study:

Urinalysis

One of the ways to determine the amount of glucose in the body is a special study of urine. Normally, sugar is present in it in completely healthy people, but its amount is so negligible (from 0.06 - 0.08 mmol / l) that the analysis does not reveal it.

The presence of glucose in the urine is called glycosuria and indicates the presence of such pathologies as:

hyperthyroidism (hyperfunction of the thyroid gland);
diabetes;
acute toxic poisoning;
dysfunction of the kidneys and liver;
disruption of the central nervous system;
infectious lesions.

Important! Of particular concern is the appearance of sugar in urine in childhood. This may mean endocrine problems.

Urine analysis for sugar is performed in three ways. For this, research is assigned:

a single portion of urine;
daily diuresis;
urine collected at specific time intervals.

Attention! Sometimes a high glucose level is due to physiological reasons: taking antibiotics; consumption of large amounts of vitamin C or its preparations; the predominance of sweet food on the eve of the study.

In such cases, the doctor may prescribe a second study, so as not to be mistaken with the diagnosis.

It happens that in addition to glucose, acetone is detected in the urine. The combination of these two components clearly indicates the development of diabetes.

Blood test

A blood test for sugar reveals such serious pathologies as diabetes mellitus and the appearance of neoplasms in brain structures. For this, the following types of analyzes are available:

Normal blood sugar in adults

The normal blood glucose level in people over 14 years of age, regardless of gender, is in the range of 3.2 - 5.5 mmol / l, the biomaterial is taken from the finger of the hand on an empty stomach.

When assessing the glucose index in a biomaterial taken from a vein, the maximum norm figure increases to 6.2 mmol / l.

When there is a significant excess (more than 7.0 mmol / l), one can assume the development of a pre-diabetic state, which means a violation of the process of assimilation of monosaccharides: a "hungry" body copes with the regulation of glucose levels, and after the consumption of carbohydrate-containing foods, it gives an inadequate amount of insulin.

As for blood glucose in women, it can “grow” slightly during menopause and reach 5.9 mmol / l, and after 60 years - 6.2 mmol / l. During the cessation of regulation (menstruation) and in the subsequent period, a serious hormonal restructuring of the body occurs. The risk of developing various pathologies increases. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically (once a year) visit an endocrinologist in order to timely identify violations in the body and begin therapy.

It is especially worth highlighting the features of carbohydrate metabolism in pregnant women, but more on that later.

Blood sugar levels in children

In children, the normal blood glucose should be in the range of:

2.8 - 4.4 mmol / l - in the first year of life;
3.3 - 5.0 mmol / l - from one to five years;
3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l - after five years.

In the diagnosis of various pathologies, a blood test for fructosamine, which was mentioned above, is used. The normal indicator of this parameter for children over 14 years old is 205 - 285 µmol / l, and in younger age– 195–271 µmol/l.

Too high numbers may indicate the presence of:

diabetes;
hypofunction of the thyroid gland;
adverse processes, including tumor, in brain structures.

Low fructosamine is a sign of nephrotic syndrome, a condition characterized by generalized edema.

blood sugar in pregnant women

A blood glucose test is included in the list mandatory tests for pregnant women.

During the period of bearing a child, sugar slightly rises. Normal values increase to 4.6 - 6.7 mmol / l. This is due to the action of hormones produced by the placenta. If the main "control" functions for glucose levels are assigned to insulin, which normally protects the body from an excess of glucose, then during pregnancy this process is disrupted and sugar "grows".

When the maximum rate is exceeded, doctors ascertain gestational diabetes - reduced sensitivity of cells to their own insulin. This situation may be a sign of diabetes in a woman who arose even before pregnancy, but due to the absence of obvious symptoms, she did not know about it.

In any case, deviations of clinical blood counts from the norm during the period of bearing a child require correction. It has been successfully implemented and allows:

endure a full term pregnancy;
avoid possible complications.

Important! An increase in glucose levels in pregnant women can also be observed in the urine. A single "jump" is not a reason to suspect pathologies. The diagnosis is made after repeated sampling of the biomaterial for analysis, as well as the results of other studies that are appointed by the gynecologist.

Summing up this article, I would like to say that the level of sugar in the body is one of key indicators health status. Timely verification of this parameter allows you to evaluate the work of organs and systems, as well as identify pathologies at the initial stage. Therefore, it is worth checking for sugar at least once a year.

For more information about blood sugar testing, see the following video:

lactate, etc.). Glucose is of particular importance.

This indicator requires periodic monitoring, since sugar is vital for the body and is a source of energy for each cell.

You can find out its level by passing the appropriate analysis. Doctors advise doing this procedure once every six months. In daily speech, you can hear different terminology, but not everyone knows what a blood sugar test is called in a medical term.

Thanks to him, you can identify many diseases that can not manifest themselves for a long time, for example.

What is the medical name for a blood sugar test?

Since blood contains many different elements, in medicine there is no such thing as a “sugar analysis”. The correct name is Blood Glucose Test.

In the medical form, it has the designation in the form of "GLU" and gives accurate information about the patient's carbohydrate metabolism.

This indicator is appropriate when conducting special studies, or when they pass. It is measured in mmol/liters (mm/l).

How to donate blood for sugar?

Blood for glucose is taken both from a finger and from a vein.

In order for the analysis to show the most correct result, it is necessary to properly prepare:

about a day or two before donating blood, it is not recommended to eat a large amount of food, especially fatty foods. Should be abandoned;
eat foods that can, as they can affect the result;
the period of time between the last meal and blood donation should be at least 8 hours, and preferably 12 hours. It is strictly prohibited during this period. Only ;
before the procedure, it is recommended to exclude everything;
in the case of taking any medications, the doctor should be aware that this point is taken into account in the study. Sometimes the analysis is postponed to another date;
try not to be nervous and not allow it, since the emotional state affects the composition of the blood;
if there are infectious diseases, then donating blood should be delayed to avoid getting an incorrect result;
in the morning it is not recommended to use toothpaste due to its glucose content. Also, do not chew gum containing sugar;
after, x-ray and ultrasound, it is impossible to take an analysis.

Deciphering the results of the study

Obtained and interpreted blood glucose results help diagnose different types diseases.

With a low indicator, it is observed, which indicates a violation of the normal functioning of the adrenal glands, or.

Plasma sugar levels by age

The permissible value of blood sugar in children and adults is different. It depends not only on age, but also on the time of the analysis.

It is advisable to take before 9 am for the most reliable result. In children under 12 years old, values from 5 to 10 mm / l are considered the norm. For children over 13 years of age, the rate is the same as for adults.

If the adult body is healthy, then the glucose level will be in the range from 3.2 to 5.5 mm / l . the norm will be considered an indicator of up to 7.8 mmol / liter. This concentration is considered normal only if the blood was taken from a finger.

A sugar level close to 6 mm / l indicates the presence due to a decrease in insulin production. The result of a blood test from a vein, then it should not exceed 6.1 mm / l.

Taking a sample with a sugar load is considered normal if it does not exceed 7.8 mm / l.

frequent nervous tension;
disorders in the work of the adrenal glands;
infectious diseases;
long-term medication;
non-compliance with proper nutrition.

There are basic ones: constant in the mouth, with sensations of burning and goosebumps. In more severe situations, or appear.

insulin test. This test is relevant for patients who have elevated glycemia. This method helps to accurately determine the presence of diabetes or its absence;

C-peptide- this is a protein substance contained in the molecules of proinsulin, without the cleavage of which insulin is not produced. Often, the analysis is carried out in conjunction with a glucose tolerance test in order to identify a response to, a remission phase, or to determine the necessary treatment;

leptin test, which allows you to know the process of energy production and appetite. Also determines the propensity for and presence;

analysis for antibodies to pancreatic beta cells. This indicator is very important, as it allows you to determine before the onset of the first symptoms.

Research types

There are several ways to determine the level of sugar, but all of them are based on taking blood. Glucose testing can be done both in the clinic and at home. If suspicions of the development of sugar arose for the first time or a study is required to be carried out for prevention, a visit to the laboratory is indispensable. The endocrinologist will ask you to donate blood for sugar, as a result of which the preliminary diagnosis will be confirmed or refuted. If the diagnosis is already established, the patient needs to constantly monitor glucose. For this, special devices are used - glucometers, which help to carry out an analysis at home in a matter of seconds.
The analysis is divided into types:

clinical;
biochemical;
express test;
load analysis;
glycated hemoglobin.

Features of research on sugar

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Finger blood for glucose

The most popular and frequently used method is clinical analysis. It is recommended to take it both as a prevention of the development of diabetes, and to confirm the existing diagnosis. This study is considered a standard glucose test and in this case is carried out from a finger or from a vein, the results are usually prepared within a few hours, after which the decoding and diagnosis is performed.

You can also take it to the doctor's office. Such an express method will not be able to form the basis of the diagnosis, but it will help to get a general picture of the patient's health status. Express diagnostics is important in Everyday life a person with diabetes, as the person adjusts the insulin dose based on the data. Unfortunately, this method is not always accurate, the error of the results is about 20%. Before taking the test, it is important to properly prepare, and at home the patient is not puzzled by this. But getting approximate data is also important, and therefore such an error is quite acceptable.

Another important analysis is the tolerance test (with exercise). This test is recommended for children, pregnant women and patients at risk. This analysis helps to establish not diabetes itself, but a predisposition to its development, that is, a latent form. This analysis has its own characteristics both in conducting and in preparing for it.

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Can be taken at the doctor's office

Load glucose test and hemoglobin

The glucose tolerance test is very important, and therefore it is important to prepare for it and conduct it correctly. You need to submit in two stages. First, the patient is taken and offered to drink a glass of sweet sugar syrup. The next fence is held after 2 hours.

You can’t eat before the first or second blood donation. Allows the intake of pure, non-carbonated water or weak and unsweetened tea. If the conditions for passing the test are violated, the norm will not correspond to healthy parameters, and this will entail additional tests and unnecessary treatment. Also, a broken norm will bring a lot of unpleasant moments until the misunderstanding is resolved.

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Glycated hemoglobin

This test is included in the list of mandatory studies of women expecting a baby. Delivery occurs once per pregnancy, before the maternity commission.

Another analysis carried out to control insulin treatment, during which the norm of hemoglobin A1C is determined, which allows you to adjust the treatment. Red blood cells attached to glucose. As soon as the rate increases, this indicator also increases. Therefore, to diagnose diabetes, it is possible to measure not only glucose itself, but also hemoglobin. The peculiarity of this indicator is that the norm of the indicator is set by the average for the past three months. You need to take it from your finger, but special preparation is not needed, because the measurement is carried out regardless of the meal.

The norm of cholesterol in the blood is also important, because its indicators grow along with an increase in sugar in the patient's body. This explains the relationship between diabetes and obesity in patients.

Norm and preparation for analysis

Regardless of age, the norm of a healthy person is from 3.3 to 5.5. But often the results do not correspond to these limits, and the point is not at all in a developing illness, but in violations of the conditions for preparing for analysis.

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Regardless of age, the norm of a healthy person is from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l

To pass the test correctly, you need to carefully prepare for it. The main task of the patient is not to eat anything. Even a small piece of bread or a sip of coffee can lead to the production of glucose, which will affect the results of the analysis and lead to a false diagnosis. And this entails blood donation, unnecessary excitement and the appointment of unnecessary treatment.

How to pass the analysis correctly? The first is not to eat in the morning before going to the laboratory. The glucose test is carried out exclusively on an empty stomach! Before that, you can only drink clean water or tea without sugar.

Also, a day before the study, you need to give up fatty, heavy foods, fried, salty and spicy foods. The use of alcoholic beverages and drugs is strictly prohibited. It is important to limit the consumption of sweets and flour products, fruits and dried fruits, juices and fruit drinks. All of these products contain carbohydrates, which will significantly affect the results of the analysis.

Dinner before analysis is desirable to make light or, in general, refuse it. Evening reception food can be replaced with yogurt or kefir, boiled chicken breast with vegetable salad, low-fat cheeses.

Another important point- teeth cleaning. It is just as strictly prohibited as chewing gum. Morning oral hygiene can be replaced by rinsing with baking soda and thoroughly brushing your teeth the night before.