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Sowing from the c to. What can show the tank sowing from the cervical canal? Isolation of strains and study of pure cultures

Starting from the early stages of pregnancy, a woman has to take a variety of tests quite often. And this is really important, because in this way it becomes possible to establish the onset of the development of a disease in time and begin timely treatment. If treatment is not started on time, there is a risk not only for the development of the child, but also for the health of the expectant mother. Without fail, a woman must also pass bacteriological cultures.

What is a seed tank?

Buck seeding - This is a special laboratory study, during which the cultivation of bacteria is carried out on special nutrient media that are favorable for a certain type of bacteria. Also, special temperature conditions are created for this.

This type of research is carried out in order to determine which microbes are in the focus from where the material was taken for research, as well as to establish whether there are pathogenic microbes and how many of them.

The seeding tank also makes it possible to determine to which particular drugs the microbes are sensitive, which makes it possible to carry out the maximum effective treatment.

In order for a reliable result to be obtained after the analysis, all manipulations must be carried out under conditions of strict sterility. It is this method of research that today gives maximum amount information, as it has not only high specificity, but also sensitivity.

How is a urine culture tank done during pregnancy?

A urine culture tank is made as follows - a relatively small amount of biological material is applied directly to the nutrient medium. Then the test tubes are carefully placed in a special thermostat and left for a while. It is in the thermostat that ideal conditions are created for the reproduction and growth of bacteria.

Then the bacteria that are in the biomaterial under study will be determined, and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms among them will also be established. This analysis is done on average no more than 5 days.

At least two times a bacterial culture of urine will be carried out during the period of bearing a child - the first time on early term and the second at the 36th week of pregnancy. In all cases, as soon as the pregnant woman is registered with the antenatal clinic, a urine culture tank is also prescribed to determine Staphylococcus aureus.

In the event that the expectant mother has kidney disease and Bladder, this analysis will need to be done a little more often. With the onset of pregnancy, a restructuring of the hormonal background occurs, and certain physical changes are observed, including the expansion of the ureters. As a result, conditions are created for the development of various infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract. It is with the help of a urine culture tank that it becomes possible to determine the disease at an early stage, after which adequate treatment is prescribed.

To obtain the most accurate result, during the process of collecting biological material for research, it is necessary to strictly adhere to a few fairly simple rules:

The material for analysis should be collected only in a sterile container; approximately the middle part of the first morning urine will be needed. In advance, it will be necessary to carry out hygiene of the external genital organs.
To get the most accurate result, urine collected for analysis must be handed over to the laboratory no later than an hour after collection.
If a urine culture tank is given during pregnancy, the results will list all microorganisms that are on this moment contained in the test fluid - protozoa, fungi, bacteria.
Result indicators will be determined in colony forming units per ml of liquid - CFU/ml. There is no need for treatment when receiving indications of less than 1000 CFU / ml. Provided that the obtained indicator will be in the range of 1000-100000 CFU / ml, then this result is doubtful. Upon receipt of such a result, the doctor may prescribe a second analysis.
If the indicators exceed 100,000 CFU / ml, then there is an infection, inflammation that requires immediate treatment. To determine the sensitivity to the medicinal preparation of microorganisms, a study will be carried out, called the "antibactogram". Thanks to this study, the doctor will be able to prescribe the most effective treatment.
Approximately three weeks later, after completing the prescribed medicines, the woman should repeat the urine culture tank to determine how effective the treatment was.

There are cases when infection occurs without any symptoms, so the onset of the disease can only be determined by conducting an appropriate examination. Thanks to tank culture during pregnancy, it will be possible to establish bacteriuria, which is asymptomatic. If the infection is detected in time and timely treatment is not started, there may be serious consequences not only for the health of the child, but also for the mother.

In order to get the most accurate result of the analysis, only morning urine is taken for research, it is collected only in a sterile container (available at any pharmacy).

Together with urine, all the end products of metabolism, as well as salts, excess fluid, enzymes, some hormones, and vitamins leave the body. Thanks to general analysis urine, you can find out about the state of both the kidneys and other organs (gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart).

The reliability of the result will directly depend on the accuracy of compliance with the main conditions for collecting material for analysis:

about a day before the test, it is forbidden to use coloring products, which include beets;
the day before the analysis, it is necessary to abandon strong physical exertion, as this may affect the level of protein concentration in the urine;
the day before the analysis, it is forbidden to take not only diuretics, but also others medicines;
collected urine can be stored no longer than 2 hours;
before collecting the material for analysis, it is necessary to carry out a thorough toilet of the external genitalia;
for the study you will need at least 70 ml of urine.

Interpretation of urine analysis

Urinalysis is deciphered as follows.

Physical Research:

specific gravity (density) depends on the substances dissolved in the urine, which include salts, urea, glucose,;
the transparency of urine will directly reflect the properties of the substances contained in it. Normally, all substances will be in solution and fresh urine should be completely transparent;
the color will depend on the volume of urine, as well as the number of coloring pigments. Urine is considered normal if it has a straw-yellow color, which is due to the urinary pigment urochrome;
most often, the amount of morning urine is approximately 150-250 ml, which does not give an idea of daily diuresis. To determine the density of urine, it is necessary to measure its amount.

Chemical research:

Protein is practically not determined in the urine of a completely healthy woman, which will be due to tubular reabsorption of the protein, which is filtered in the glomeruli. Proteins that have been found in the urine are called "proteinuria", while it can be pathological and physiological.

In the event that the pregnancy proceeds without complications, then orthostatic proteinuria can be determined (in the urine, the protein concentration will be up to 0.033 g / l). This may be caused by uterine compression of the renal veins and the liver of the inferior vena cava. Physiological proteinuria also includes the appearance of protein in the urine after eating a large amount of protein food, in case of severe emotional overstrain, high physical activity.

The acidity of urine Ph will be determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions H +, the formation of which occurs during the dissociation of organic acids, as well as acid salts of inorganic acids that are contained in urine.

Urobilinogen is formed from bilirubin in the intestine, which comes from the liver along with bile. Among the norm is the detection of traces of urobilinogen in the urine. In the case of their complete absence, there are suspicions of a violation of the flow of bile into the intestine.

In the urine of a completely healthy person, bilirubin will not be detected, since only direct bilirubin, which is contained in urine in a minimal amount, can pass through the glomerular filter, and it will not be detected with quality samples.

Glucose that enters the primary urine in the renal tubules will be completely reabsorbed and cannot be determined using standard research methods. With an increased concentration of glucose in the urine, it will be detected only in the case of a decrease in renal powder (in diabetes mellitus).

Completely healthy people may have physiological short-term glucosuria if the daily diet contains an increased amount of it, as well as severe stress. If the pregnancy proceeds normally, without deviations and complications, glucosuria may be associated with an increase in glomerular filtration of glucose.

Microscopic examination of urine sediment:

Microscopic examination distinguishes between unorganized (various salts) and organized sediment (erythrocytes, cylinders, epithelium).

Leukocytes are single or completely absent in the field of view. If there are more than 5 leukocytes in the field of view, leukocyturia can be infectious and aseptic.

In the urine of completely healthy people, leukocytes will be single or completely absent. They do not pass through the glomerular filter, and appear in the urine only in the event of the onset of pathological processes occurring in the urinary tract or kidneys.

In the field of view, there may be single epithelial cells listened to from various sections of the urinary tract - transitional (ureter, pelvis, bladder), flat (urethra). Normally, the tubular (renal) epithelium should be absent. Given a certain type of cells, it becomes possible to establish the localization of the pathological process.

Normally, bacteria should be absent, however, bacteriuria will not in all cases indicate an inflammatory process, since it is the number of bacteria that matters most.

The cylinders are casts of the renal tubules of the protein or cellular composition. Hyaline cylinders are composed of protein, which may be present after exercise and this is considered the norm. It is the cellular cylinders that indicate pathology.

The appearance in the urine of crystals of various salts may indicate a change in the reaction of urine. The norm includes the presence of only a small amount of amorphous urates and oxalates.

During pregnancy, there are certain physiological changes in the urinary system. During this period, the kidneys begin to work more intensively, because both the products of their own metabolism and the metabolic products of the child are excreted from the body. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor with increased attention even minor changes in the quantity, quality, and cellular composition of urine.

During the first trimester of pregnancy, there is a gradual increase in renal blood flow, then a gradual decrease is observed, due to which other organs can receive additional blood volume.

There is an increase in glomerular filtration, while during all 9 months of pregnancy there will be no changes in tubular reabsorption, resulting in excess fluid retention in the body. All this will manifest itself as pasty on the legs during the last months of pregnancy.

There is a gradual increase in the uterus, as a result of which the location of neighboring organs also changes. By the end of pregnancy, the bladder will be displaced upward, going beyond the boundaries of the small pelvis. In this case, the walls of the bladder hypertrophy, as they must resist the pressure of the uterus.

In some cases, the development of a hydroureter may occur, that is, the correct patency of the ureter is disrupted, as a result of which urine accumulates in it (most often manifested on the right). This is due to the fact that the growing uterus turns slightly to the right, therefore, the ureter is pressed against the innominate line of the pelvic bone.

As a result of exposure to hormones (most often it is), a gradual expansion is observed, as well as a decrease in the tone of the urinary tract. All this leads to the fact that an infection (pyelonephritis) can develop during pregnancy. And it is precisely thanks to regular urinalysis that the doctor can not only determine the onset of the development of a disease in time, but also prescribe adequate treatment that will help get rid of the disease, but will not harm the fetus.

Tank seeding from the cervical canal

Bacteriological culture (tank culture) from the cervical canal, what is this gynecological examination, who is assigned, what can it show and can expectant mothers do it?

This study allows you to get a pure culture of a pathogen, that is, to accurately identify it. Tank sowing a smear from the cervical canal helps to identify such microorganisms as: enterobacteria, E. coli, Klebsiella, fungi, etc.

But this research is not paramount. Usually, a general smear (for sterility) is first given, where the number of leukocytes is checked. If there are a lot of them in the cervical region, then a tank is taken from the cervical canal for flora and sensitivity to antibiotics in order to immediately select and effective treatment. The reason for this increase in leukocytes are diseases of the pelvic organs: cervicitis, endometritis, adnexitis, etc.

As for sexually transmitted infections, which can also contribute to the development of the inflammatory process, they can also be determined using this material collection technology, but the laboratory diagnostic technology itself will be different.

By the way, about technology. If you read the recommendations for collecting material from the cervix, it becomes clear that the sampling is made directly from the cervical canal, the instrument (probe) is inserted 0.5-1.5 cm deep. Actually, for this reason, the question arises as to whether it is possible to take seeding from the cervical canal during pregnancy. Yes, it is possible and safe. Although this study is not mandatory, it is carried out only according to indications. Taking a smear will not lead to a miscarriage, the cervical canal is quite long, literally half a centimeter, which a thin instrument will penetrate into it, this is not at all scary and does not threaten the child in any way.

And how to take an analysis of sowing from the cervical canal, is it necessary to prepare in any way, what can be done the day before and what cannot? Special training not required. However, in order for the transcript to be reliable and informative for sowing from the cervical canal, it is necessary a few days before, and even better two or more weeks, to stop taking antibacterial drugs of local and systemic action. Do not douche or use vaginal contraception.

Immediately before the test, it is advisable not to urinate. Sowing is taken outside of menstruation and not immediately after it ends. Preferably in the second half of the menstrual cycle.

The results are known within 2-3 days. They are informative for prescribing or correcting antibiotic therapy.

An analysis for bakposev during pregnancy should be done by every expectant mother. This procedure is carried out in order to identify pathogenic bacteria in the body of the expectant mother, which can provoke pathological conditions that complicate the course of pregnancy. Bakposev is a laboratory method for identifying the causative agent of a particular infection of an acute and chronic nature. The material is biological material taken from a possible source of infection. For bakposev use a small amount of mucus, blood, urine, feces or bile, applied to a nutrient medium. If a pathogen is present in the sample, then getting into favorable conditions within 3-7 days it forms a colony of bacteria. In addition to isolating the pathogen, with the help of bakposev it is possible to determine whether the pathogen is sensitive to a particular antimicrobial drug.

Most often, pregnant women are prescribed the following bacteriological tests:

Bakposev vaginal smear. It is necessary to exclude diseases of the urogenital area, especially dangerous for the life and health of the unborn child.
Urine culture. Necessary if there is a suspicion of inflammation of the urinary tract.
Bakposev mucus from the nasal cavity to identify Staphylococcus aureus. In the postpartum period, this pathogen can cause serious illness in the baby - purulent skin lesions, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, etc.

If the test for culture during pregnancy turns out to be positive, then the pregnant woman must definitely undergo appropriate treatment and retake the test until negative results are obtained.

Prevention of various infectious pathologies during pregnancy is a very important task. Any infections that occur during this special period of a woman's life can lead to a threat to the life of her baby. One of the studies that allow such prophylaxis is bacterial culture from the cervical canal.

What it is?

Maintaining the health of the cervical canal is very important during pregnancy. This organ is a kind of message between the uterus, where the baby develops, and the outside world.

Pathogenic microbes, of which there are a huge number in the outside world, can enter the cervical canal and lead to the development of inflammation in it. The inflammatory process spreads quite quickly, which can lead to rather dangerous pathologies for the baby developing in the mother's tummy.

The integrity of the mucous membranes of the cervical canal is very important. Any injury or crack can make it easier for germs to enter. Chronic vaginitis, cervical erosion and other diseases of the genital organs can become a real threat to infection of the baby during its intrauterine development.

The size of the cervical canal in pregnant women is somewhat different. This is largely due to the altered hormonal background. The length of this organ during pregnancy is 3.5-4 cm.

A kind of boundary of the uterus from the outside world is the pharynx. According to the degree of its closeness, doctors determine the readiness for childbirth. During almost the entire pregnancy, it should be closed. The state of the tone of the pharynx is very important indicator women's health. If it closes well enough, then a woman can become pregnant.

In this area, a woman forms a specific formation, which is formed only during the period of bearing a baby. It's called a mucus plug. Her departure and the outflow of amniotic fluid are signs of the imminent birth of a child.

Doctors can assess the condition of the cervical canal by conducting advanced medical examination. To do this, they use special medical instruments and mirrors.

During the examination, the doctor can also take biomaterial for bakposev. This study is very informative in identifying various infections that may have appeared in the cervical canal.

After taking the biomaterial, it is sent to the laboratory for research. The laboratory assistants will “sow” the resulting cells on nutrient media. This will reveal the possible growth of microbes present in the biomaterial.

This method of conducting this study determines its duration. On average, the readiness of the analysis results is 5-7 days from the moment it is delivered to the laboratory.

Why is it carried out?

Bacteriological examination not only reveals the growth of pathogenic microflora, but also determines the sensitivity of microbes to the effects of various antibacterial drugs. This helps doctors prescribe more effective treatment and choose the appropriate therapy tactics.

During the study, you can also determine the concentration of beneficial microorganisms that can live in the cervical canal. In this case, the concentration of bifido- and lactobacilli is estimated.

It is important to note that This study is not for everyone. On first contact with women's consultation due to pregnancy, the gynecologist will take a smear from the woman from the vagina.

If the number of leukocytes in it is increased, then in this case the doctor will additionally take biomaterial from the cervical canal for bakposev.

A large accumulation of leukocyte cells in a smear may be due to inflammation in the female genital organs.

Conduction safety for the fetus

Some mothers are afraid of the appointment of this study. They are frightened by the very method of performing this analysis. In order to obtain biomaterial for research, the doctor uses a special probe. It is inserted into the cervical canal, usually to a depth of 1.5 cm.

The expectant mother is afraid of the possibility of spontaneous miscarriage or injury to the baby during the sampling of biomaterial. Such fear is unfounded. The kid is much higher than the place where the doctor takes the biomaterial. The risk of any injury or the risk of miscarriage after such a fence is negligible.

Obstetrician-gynecologists always say that this type of examination does not pose any threat or harm to either the mother or her baby.

How to prepare?

Before the procedure, the necessary preparation should be carried out. It includes following several recommendations:

on the eve of biomaterial sampling, expectant mothers are not allowed to douche;
in agreement with the gynecologist, it is necessary to exclude the use of antibacterial agents a few days before the procedure;
the day before the study, sexual intercourse is contraindicated;
between the transvaginal ultrasound and the sampling of biomaterial, at least 3-5 days should elapse;
a few hours before the procedure should not be washed (especially with the use of special products for intimate hygiene).

Norms

Normal analysis indicators include only the presence of beneficial microflora. It consists of bifido - and lactobacilli. They can be present in the assay at any concentration.

A decrease in indicators in this case is an unfavorable sign, indicating a violation of local immunity.

A normal result allows for the presence of a small amount of E. coli. But its concentration should not exceed 10 * 2 degrees of colonies. There should not be any fungal flora in a normal culture from the cervical canal.

The appearance of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Streptococcus in the analysis is an indication for mandatory treatment. In this case, doctors also determine the reason that caused the appearance of these pathogenic microbes in the cervical canal.

If the level of these microbes in the analysis is increased, then this can not only become a threat to the development of pathologies of the female genital organs, but can also lead to the development of pneumonia or other diseases of the internal organs in an infected woman.

Deciphering the results of the analysis

The degree of severity of the violations that have arisen can be different. If more than 100 pathogenic colonies of microbes are found in the analysis, then this is a clinical sign of an active acute inflammatory process. A variety of reasons can lead to the development of this pathological condition - from a banal violation of the rules of personal hygiene to dangerous sexually transmitted infections.

Doctors distinguish several degrees of "purity" of the cervix and cervical canal, respectively. The best one is the first one. It is characterized by the fact that there is no active growth of pathogenic microbes on solid nutrient media.

Second degree of purity implies the appearance of such colonies. They can be found on solid nutrient media. This degree is characterized by the appearance of bacterial colonies of less than 10 units (CFU).

Third degree more unfavorable. In this case, doctors detect from 10 to hundreds of CFU in the studied biomaterial. Obtaining such a result is a significant reason for monitoring a woman in the future for the development of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs.

The most unfavorable is the fourth degree. It is at this stage that doctors talk about the presence of an acute inflammatory process that requires the appointment of therapy. In this case, the colonial growth of pathogenic bacteria exceeds 100 CFU.

The appearance of such a result is an obligatory reason for a more thorough diagnosis and development of tactics for the treatment of the inflammatory process that has arisen in the cervical canal.

Bacposev usually confirms that a woman has an infection in her genitals. In order to cure her, the doctor will prescribe antibacterial drugs to the expectant mother. The choice of medicine is carried out individually.

This necessarily takes into account the weight of the patient, her age, gestational age, the sensitivity of microbes to the effects of antibiotics (according to the result of bakposev), as well as the presence of concomitant diseases of internal organs.

When choosing antibacterial drugs, doctors prefer drugs that are quite effective against pathogenic microflora, but are not able to adversely affect the fetus.

Quite often, antibiotics are chosen in the form of suppositories. Such local treatment allows to achieve a good therapeutic result, but does not lead to the development of systemic unwanted side effects.

For information on how to prepare for an examination by a gynecologist, see the following video.

Bacterial culture is an informative analysis that allows you to determine the causative agent of the disease and its sensitivity to medications. This analysis is most often taken in gynecology and urology. This research method allows diagnosing various inflammatory processes and diseases and prescribing effective treatment.

The female genital organs are inhabited by beneficial bacteria and microorganisms to maintain the necessary balance and acidic environment. They act as a barrier to various viruses and microorganisms. Due to various factors pathogenic microorganisms become more than beneficial microflora, as a result, an inflammatory process develops.

Bacteriological culture (bacteriological culture) is a method for diagnosing pathologies caused by bacteria. The main purpose of bacteriological culture is to identify harmful bacteria above the permissible norm, causing various diseases and inflammatory processes.

However, it should be noted that a small amount of harmful bacteria may be present in the vagina, which is associated with female physiology.The doctor makes a sampling from the mucous membrane of the genital organs, and then places it in a special nutrient medium, where the necessary conditions are provided.

After the development of a bacterium in a favorable environment, a study is carried out under a microscope to determine its type.

Bakposev from the vagina helps to determine the composition of the microflora. If pathogenic microorganisms are present in it, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Indications for analysis

Biomaterial sampling is carried out from the cervix and cervical passage.Diagnostics can be scheduled for research.

There are the following indications for taking a smear for bakposev:

Planning for pregnancy.
Diagnosis of inflammatory diseases in.
Identification of abnormal microflora.
Elevated blood levels.
Frequent inflammatory processes in the uterus.

The study may be prescribed when unpleasant symptoms appear: itching, burning, white vaginal discharge, menstrual cycle abnormalities.

It is mandatory for a pregnant woman to take a swab for bakposev if a genitourinary infection is suspected or for prevention purposes. Pathogenic microorganisms detected in a smear in a pregnant woman are very dangerous for the fetus and can lead to miscarriage or infection.

Culture methods

During the study, pathogenic microorganisms are determined, on the basis of which it is possible to judge possible pathological changes in urinary organs. In addition to the qualitative determination of microorganisms, it is also carried out quantification pathogenic microflora.

The biomaterial is taken from the area where the cervix and vagina connect. This is the cervical canal. Along with this, the discharge is made from the urethra and vagina.The definition of a colony forming unit (CFU) helps to establish the number of pathogens per unit volume.

Colony forming unit counts can be done in several ways:

Serial dilution method. Thanks to this method, it is possible to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. 1 ml of the biomaterial is diluted with inoculation in a numbered test tube with a nutrient medium. A test tube in which the growth of colonies stops is considered the maximum limit of the concentration of bacteria in the sample.
Counting colonies under a microscope. This is an approximate method in which colonies are counted under a microscope. Further, the results are interpreted in accordance with the table.
sector method. It is used to study the degree of bacteriuria in urine.
In the study of antibiotic resistance, 2 methods are used: the standard disk method and the diffuse method. After growing microorganisms in a favorable environment, discs are lowered into the container, which are impregnated with an antibiotic concentrate. The second method involves the use of paper strips with the drug applied to them.

The results of bacposev can be found after 5 days. In a special form, pathogenic microorganisms and their number that inhabit the cervical canal are recorded.

Preparing for a smear for bacterial culture

To obtain a reliable result, you should properly prepare for the smear test:

In order to avoid the presence of other microorganisms in the smear, it is necessary to ensure the sterility of the taken material.
You should also refrain from sexual intercourse the day before the study.
Douching, inserting candles, etc. is not allowed.
The procedure is not performed during menstruation. You can take a smear only 2 days after their end.
If a colposcopy was performed, then bakposev is prescribed in two days.
It is not recommended to carry out sowing if the woman was taking antibacterial drugs. Drug treatment can distort the results of the study and it will not be possible to obtain reliable information about the state of the genital organs. A man must follow the same rules before taking tests.
Before taking a smear for research, one should not perform genital hygiene, use various creams, gels for intimate hygiene, etc.

You can learn more about cervical smear from the video:

The procedure is performed as follows: a woman lies down on a gynecological chair and an obstetrician inserts a special tool into the vagina and takes a smear. In a man, the doctor inserts a disposable probe into the urethra and rotates several times around the axis.

During the sampling of a smear, a woman and a man should not experience any pain. In most cases, there is mild discomfort. Only with the carelessness of the doctor and the presence of any disease of the genital organs can there be slight discomfort.

Deciphering the results

Various microorganisms are present in the vagina and cervix. If they belong to conditionally pathogenic microflora, then they do not pose a danger. The discharge of the cervical canal is not sterile.Normally, the analyzes should contain lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which are representatives of the normal microflora.

Microorganisms colonizing and present in the smear should not be in the results. However, a single number of such microorganisms is allowed. If in sowing they are found in in large numbers, then this indicates an inflammatory process of the genitourinary system.

Normally, the sowing should be free of gonococci, Trichomonas, yeast, key cells, staphylococci, gardnerella, leptothrix, etc.

All these pathogenic microorganisms lead to the development of the inflammatory process and serious diseases.

Such changes may be due to hormonal levels, metabolic dysfunction, weakened immunity, and the use of antibiotics.An experienced specialist is engaged in deciphering the results, who, upon detection of pathogenic microflora, will prescribe the necessary medicines.

At each visit to the gynecologist, the doctor takes. For research, the material is taken with a special spatula, then applied to the glass and painted with paint according to the Gram method. This allows you to detect possible bacteria.

Thanks to this method, it is possible to obtain information on the number of pathogens of sexual diseases (gardnerella, Trichomonas) and determine the composition of the microflora.The presence of leukocytes above the norm indicates an inflammatory process, and erythrocytes indicate an admixture of blood in the secretions.

Bakposev is a diagnostic study of a biomaterial, during which the discharge is placed in a nutrient medium.

This allows you to determine not only the pathogen, but also the number of pathogenic microorganisms in the smear. The difference between the two gynecological examinations is in their conduct. Bacterial culture is more informative and, in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, allows determining their sensitivity to antibiotics.