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Prose works about horses. Post horse, its role in history and literature Imagine that horses are endowed with a gift

Where government people changed mail horses, sometimes very tired and driven. At that time there was no transport other than horse-drawn. So who was carried by mail horses , and why were they called that?

In the 17th century, a journey through the expanses of Russia was not only a serious, but also significant event. At first, their own horses were used for transportation. But they could not travel long distances, they got tired and needed a change. Government horses came to the aid of the travelers. They began to be called postal, and the road - the postal path.

Post horse and industry development

The place where the horses changed was first called a pit, or only then a post station. Each station had its own caretaker, who checked documents and gave permission to change horses. mainly transported postal correspondence and those who were supposed to deliver these letters with their own hands.

Traveled with postmen and courier, courier, and just travelers for any other need. At the end of the 17th century, the state imperial decree increased the number of post stations and horses, and a timetable appeared. That is, the time of arrival of the mail horse and carriage was known in advance, and everything was ready for its further dispatch.

The emergence of hotels and freelancers

By the end of the 18th century, hotels began to appear in postal yards of the first and second category, and several provinces were even exempted from postal tax. At the same time, a decree was issued that allowed the use of a post horse by free people. They could collect linear money and use it for their own purposes. Their earnings were very decent. The salary of postal government cabbies, on the contrary, was meager.

This service was in great demand, especially among sovereign people. And the treasury received a considerable profit from the increase in the number of stations and crews. There were also more postal routes, they were built not only in the direction of the city of Pskov, but also to the East. News from both the sovereign and ordinary people was expected everywhere.

Horse triplets and bell

At the same time, instead of one mail harnessed to the carriage, troikas appeared, and their number began to increase in proportion to growth. Cold, cold, long deserted distances, and basically impassable impassability, required more endurance and strength. Postmen were even obliged to hang a bell on the middle arc of the harness, and for good reason.

He announced the arrival of the crew at the post station, and warned oncoming mail carts in order to avoid a collision. It is to the bell that mail horses owe their appearance in literature. Many authors in their works mentioned the postal troika and the cheerful, serene ringing with which it raced, delivering passengers and letters.

Relay race of postmen

The postal route was marked with versts, and they were counted from the main post yard - the Post Office. The versts were marked with pillars. Each of them marked the remainder of the distance to the city and the path already covered. But this is how the horse is arranged - it gets tired, wants to eat, drink and rest. It was for this reason that the entire postal service of that time worked on the principle of a relay race.

Having traveled the way to a certain station, the crew returned home, passing postal items next. For convenience, it was the horses that most often changed in the carriage. This made it possible not to transfer cargo from place to place and not waste time. To ride on "passengers" meant that the cargo or luggage was transferred from one carriage to another, but the horses were not changed. In this case, a lot of time was lost at the post station.

Russian coachmen in literature

For Russian postmen, time was especially precious. They used to drive at a fairly high speed, which usually frightened foreigners very much. Many Russian works that mention postal horses described that brave courage that was inherent in Russian cabbies. So, the high speed of the mail carriage was also described by A.S. Pushkin in his "Eugene Onegin". In the seventh chapter of the work, he compared the fast driving of Russian coachmen with the charioteer of the god Achilles. He dedicated to this topic and the story "The Stationmaster".

Pushkin himself often used the services of postmen, loved them and remembered them with a kind word. In addition to him, many writers and poets described the life and service of coachmen (Vyazemsky P.A. "Station", Chekhov A.P. "Mail"), how difficult and dangerous it was. By the way, there were also strangers who wrote separate chapters or even whole works of literature mentioning postal horses and Russian postmen.

Development of the postal service

From year to year, the postal service improved, and the sovereigns made changes to its work. So, each traveler on the road received a special document, without which it was problematic to leave the city limits.

Podorozhnaya - that was the name of this paper. She certifies the identity of the traveler, the purpose of the trip. Documents were subject to mandatory verification at postal stations and guard services. Without travel paper, it was impossible to get a mail carriage. How many horses will be issued was indicated in the same place and their number depended on the rank and rank of the passenger. The same Pushkin, after studying at the lyceum, had the right to a crew of three horsepower, and general ranks could already count on fifteen, or even all twenty.

Traveling on horseback was a favorite pastime of writers and poets. Roads and related impressions are found in the works of Karamzin, Lermontov, Gogol. The sadness of parting and the joy of meeting are noted in their works by Russian poets of the 18th-19th centuries. Such emotions are almost always associated with postal carriages, with bells and coachmen.

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1 ALL-RUSSIAN OLYMPIAD OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN LITERATURE uch. SCHOOL STAGE. GRADE 9 Tasks, answers and evaluation criteria 1. "Oh, HORSES, HORSES, WHAT HORSES! .." Read. A) While my horses were harnessed, I was curious, examining the papers that I got.< >Among the many decrees relating to the restoration, if possible, of equality among citizens, I found a table of ranks.< >But now the arch of the root horse is already ringing the bell and calling me to leave; and for this reason I decided for the better to discuss what is more advantageous for a postal rider, for the horses to trot or amble, or what is more advantageous for a postal nag, to be a pacer or a steed? rather than doing something that doesn't exist. (A.N. Radishchev, “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow”) B) Having read the sad message, Stremglav immediately rode to a date by mail And already yawned in advance, Getting ready, for the sake of money, For sighs, boredom and deceit 1. Explain what they mean highlighted expressions. 2. Write the name of the author of passage B) and the name of the protagonist of the work, omitted in passage B). 3. Imagine that horses are endowed with the gift of speech. Write a monologue for a mail horse: how does it live, who has to be transported, how is it treated. Mention other works of Russian literature that mention postal horses. The volume of words. Answers and evaluation criteria 1. "Table of Ranks" a document in the form of a table that established the correspondence between civil, military, religious and academic ranks. Put into circulation by decree of Peter I in 1722 (1 point). "Post nag" horse at the post station. The system of postal stations was established by the state for quick communication between settlements. Horses were changed at stations located several tens of miles apart, which made it possible to travel almost without stopping (2 points). “Jumped by mail” used the system of postal stations for travel (1 point). one

2 2. A.S. Pushkin, "Eugene Onegin" (0.5 points), Eugene (0.5 points). 3. Monologue of the mail horse. Entertaining content, accuracy of descriptions, presence/absence of factual errors Reference to the texts of works, references to other works Unity of style and general logic General literacy (presence/absence of spelling, punctuation, speech, grammatical errors) Total 2. HOLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT 0 10 points 0 5 points 0 5 points 0 5 points 25 points Choose only one option for analytical work: prose OR verse text. Write coherently, freely, clearly, convincingly and competently. Suggested word count. Option 1 Teffi (Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya,) FOOLS At first glance, it seems that everyone understands what a fool is and why a fool is the more stupid, the rounder. However, if you listen and look closely, you will understand how often people are mistaken, taking the most ordinary stupid or stupid person for a fool. What a fool, people say. He always has nonsense in his head! They think that a fool sometimes has trifles in his head! The fact of the matter is that a real round fool is recognized first of all by his greatest and most unshakable seriousness. The most intelligent person can be windy and act thoughtlessly, a fool constantly discusses everything; having discussed, he acts accordingly and, having acted, knows why he did it this way and not otherwise. If you consider a fool a person who acts recklessly, you will make such a mistake, for which you will be ashamed for the rest of your life. The fool is always talking. A simple person, smart or stupid, it doesn't matter, will say: The weather is bad today, well, anyway, I'll go for a walk. A fool will judge: The weather is bad, but I'll go for a walk. Why should I go? Because sitting at home all day is bad. Why is it harmful? And just because it's bad. The fool cannot bear any roughness of thought, any unanswered questions, any unresolved problems. He has long decided everything, understood and knows everything. He is a reasonable person and in every matter he will make ends meet and round off every thought. 2

3 When meeting with a real fool, a person is seized with some kind of mystical despair. Because a fool is the germ of the end of the world. Mankind seeks, raises questions, moves forward, and this is in everything: in science, and in art, and in life, but a fool does not even see any question. What? What are the questions? He himself had already answered everything and rounded off. In reasoning and rounding off, the fool is supported by three axioms and one postulate. Axioms: 1) Health is the most precious thing. 2) There would be money. 3) Why on earth? Postulate: So it is necessary. Where the first do not help, the last will always take them out. Fools usually do well in life. From constant reasoning, their faces acquire a deep and thoughtful expression over the years. They love to grow a big beard, work hard, write beautiful handwriting. Solid person. Not a helipad, they talk about a fool. There's just something about him. Too serious, isn't it? Convinced in practice that he has comprehended all the wisdom of the earth, the fool takes upon himself the troublesome and thankless duty of teaching others. No one advises so much and diligently as a fool. And this is from the bottom of his heart, because, coming into contact with people, he is always in a state of severe bewilderment: Why are they all confusing, rushing about, fussing when everything is so clear and round? Apparently, they do not understand; they need to be explained. What? What are you grieving about? Wife shot herself? Well, this is very stupid of her. If the bullet, God forbid, hit her in the eye, she could damage her eyesight. God forbid! Health is the most precious thing! Is your brother crazy from unhappy love? He really surprises me. I wouldn't mess with anything. Why? There would be money! One fool I personally know, the most perfect, as if drawn by a compass, round shape, specialized exclusively in matters of family life. Every person should get married. And why? But because you need to leave behind offspring. Why do you need offspring? And so it is necessary. And everyone should marry German women. Why in German? they asked him. Yes, it's necessary. Why, that way, perhaps, there will not be enough German women for everyone. Then the fool was offended: Of course, everything can be turned into a funny side. 3

4 This fool lived permanently in St. Petersburg, and his wife decided to send her daughters to one of the St. Petersburg institutes. The fool objected: It is much better to send them to Moscow. And why? And because it will be very convenient to visit them there. I got into the car in the evening, drove off, arrived in the morning and visited. And when will you get together in St. Petersburg! In a society of fools, people are comfortable. They know that young ladies need to be complimented, the hostess needs to be told: “And you are still busy”, and, besides, the fool will not present you with any surprises. I love Chaliapin, the fool is talking secularly. And why? Because he sings well. Why does he sing well? Because he has talent. Why does he have talent? Simply because he is talented. Everything is so round, good, comfortable. Not a bitch or a hitch. Whip up and roll. Fools often make a career and have no enemies. They are recognized by all as efficient and serious people. Sometimes a fool is having fun. But, of course, at the right time and in the right place. Somewhere for a birthday. His fun lies in the fact that he will busily tell some anecdote and immediately explain why it is funny. But he doesn't like to have fun. It drops him in his own eyes. The whole behavior of a fool, like his appearance, is so sedate, serious and representative that he is accepted everywhere with honor. He is willingly chosen as chairman of various societies, as representatives of some interests. Because the fool is decent. The whole soul of a fool is as if licked by a wide cow's tongue. Round, smooth. Doesn't get stuck anywhere. The fool deeply despises what he does not know. Sincerely despises. Whose poetry are you reading now? Balmont. Balmont? Don't know. Haven't heard that. Read Lermontov. And I don't know any Balmont. It is felt that Balmont is to blame, that the fool does not know him. Nietzsche? Don't know. I haven't read Nietzsche! And again in such a tone that one feels ashamed of Nietzsche. Most fools don't read much. But there is a special variety that learns all its life. These are stuffed fools. This name, however, is very wrong, because in a fool, no matter how much he stuffs himself, little is retained. Everything that he sucks in with his eyes falls out of his head. Fools like to consider themselves great originals and say: In my opinion, music is sometimes very pleasant. I'm a big weirdo! The more cultured the country, the more peaceful and secure the life of the nation, the rounder and more perfect the form of its fools. four

5 And often the circle closed by a fool in philosophy, or in mathematics, or in politics, or in art, remains unbreakable for a long time. Until someone feels: Oh, how terrible! Oh, how round life has become! And break the circle. (1912) Option 2 Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky () ULLIN AND HIS DAUGHTER There was a strong whirlwind, heavy rain; Boiling, the abyss raged; To the shore of Rhino, the mountain leader, Rushed with the daughter of Ullin. “Fisherman, take us to your boat; Fisherman, save us from the chase; Ullin and his retinue are not far off: We hear screams; horses run." “Do you see how evil the water is? Can you hear how loud the waves are? Now it’s trouble to start sailing: My canoe is not strong, the oars are breaking. “Fisherman, fisherman, give your boat; Save us: no matter how evil the abyss, Mercy may be from the waves It will not be from Ullin! The storm is stronger, the abyss is more evil, And closer, closer the noise of the chase; They hear the heavy snoring of horses, They hear the sound of swords on armor. “Sit down, at a good hour; we're sailing." And Rino sat down, the maiden sat down with him; The fisherman set sail; the gray-haired abyss took possession of the shuttle. And death is everywhere to them: the mouth of the greedy abyss is open before them; Behind them Ullin threatens from the shore like a merciless storm. Ullin galloped to the shore; 5

6 He sees: the daughter is carried away by the waves; And the anger in the father's chest disappeared, And he exclaimed, full of fear: “My child, back, back! Forgiveness! come back, Malvina!" But the waves only rustle in response To the desperate call of Ullin. Thunderstorm roars, black as night; The boat flies between the waves; Through their foam he sees his daughter With outstretched arms to him. "Oh, come back, come back!" But the abyss resounded menacingly, And the waves, having devoured the boat, merged At the plaintive cry of Ullin. (1833) Evaluation criteria Points The integrity of the analysis in the unity of form and content; 15 presence/absence of errors in understanding the text. Rating scale: General logic and composition of the text, its stylistic uniformity. 10 Grading scale: Turning to the text for evidence, using 5 literary terms. Rating scale: Historical and cultural context, the presence / absence of errors in the background material. 5 Grading scale: Presence/absence of speech, grammar, spelling and 5 punctuation errors (within the limits of the material studied in Russian). Grading scale: Maximum score 40 For the convenience of evaluation, we suggest focusing on the school four-point system. So, when assessing according to the first criterion, 0 points correspond to a “two”, 5 points to a “three”, 10 points to a “four” and 15 points to a “five”. Of course, intermediate options are possible (for example, 8 points correspond to a “four with a minus”). The maximum score for all completed tasks is 70. 6

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Read.

BUT) While my horses were being harnessed, I was inquisitive, examining the papers that had come to me.<…>Among the many ordinances relating to the restoration, as far as possible, of equality among citizens, I have found table of ranks. <…>But now the arch of the root horse is already ringing the bell and calling me to leave; and for this purpose, I decided for the good to better discuss what is more profitable for a rider at the post office, for the horses to trot or amble, or what is more profitable for mail nag, to be a pacer or a horse? rather than doing something that doesn't exist.

(A.N. Radishchev, "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow")

B) Reading the sad message
[…] immediately on a date
Headlong jumped by mail
And already yawned in advance,
Getting ready for the money
To sighs, boredom and deceit ...

Explain what the underlined expressions mean.
Write the name of the author of passage B) and the name of the protagonist of the work, omitted in passage B).
Imagine that horses are endowed with the gift of speech. Write a monologue for a mail horse: how does it live, who has to be transported, how is it treated. Mention other works of Russian literature that mention postal horses. Volume - 150-200 words.

Answers and evaluation criteria

"Table of Ranks"- a document in the form of a table that established the correspondence between civil, military, spiritual and scientific ranks.

Put into circulation by decree of Peter I in 1722 (1 point).

"Mail nag"- A horse at a post station. Postal system

stations established by the state for quick communication between settlements. Horses were changed at stations located several tens of miles apart, which made it possible to travel almost without stopping (2 points).

"Jumped by mail"– used the system of postal stations for travel (1 point).

A.S. Pushkin, "Eugene Onegin" (0.5 points), Eugene (0.5 points).
Post horse monologue.

Task 2. HOLISTIC TEXT ANALYSIS

Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky (1783–1852)

ULLIN AND HIS DAUGHTER

There was a strong whirlwind, heavy rain;
Boiling, the abyss raged;
To the shore of Reno, mountain leader,
Rushed with Ullin's daughter.

“Fisherman, take us to your boat;
Fisherman, save us from the chase;
Ullin and his retinue are not far away:
We hear screams; horses run."

“Do you see how evil the water is?
Can you hear how loud the waves are?
Starting to swim is now trouble:
My boat is not strong, the oars are breaking.

“Fisherman, fisherman, give your boat;
Save us: no matter how evil the abyss,
Mercy can be from the waves -
It will not come from Ullin!”

The storm is stronger, the abyss is more evil,
And closer, closer the noise of the chase;
They hear the heavy snoring of horses,
They can hear the sound of swords on armor.

“Sit down, at a good hour; we're sailing."
And Rino sat down, the maiden sat down with him;
The fisherman set sail; shuttle
The gray abyss took over.

And death from everywhere to them: open
Before them is the greedy mouth of the abyss;
Behind them from the shore threatens
Ullin, like a merciless storm.

Ullin galloped to the shore;
He sees: the daughter is carried away by the waves;
And the anger in my father's chest disappeared,
And he exclaimed, full of fear:

“My child, back, back!
Forgiveness! come back, Malvina!"
But the waves only make noise in response
At the call of desperate Ullin.

Thunderstorm roars, black as night;
The boat flies between the waves;
Through their foam he sees his daughter
With outstretched hands to him.

"Oh, come back, come back!"
But the abyss resounded menacingly,
And the waves, having devoured the boat, merged
At the plaintive cry of Ullin.

Evaluation criteria	Points
The integrity of the analysis carried out in the unity of form and content; the presence/absence of errors in understanding the text. Grading scale: 0 - 5 - 10 - 15	15
The general logic and composition of the text, its stylistic uniformity. Grading scale: 0 - 3 - 7 - 10	10
Turning to the text for evidence, use literary terms. Grading scale: 0 - 2 - 3 - 5	5
Historical and cultural context, the presence / absence of errors in the phono material. Grading scale: 0 - 2 - 3 - 5	5
Presence/absence of speech, grammar, spelling and punctuation errors (within the limits of the studied Russian language material). Grading scale: 0 - 2 - 3 - 5	5
Maximum score	40

For ease of assessment, we suggest focusing on the school four-point system. So, when assessing according to the first criterion, 0 points correspond to a “two”, 5 points to a “three”, 10 points to a “four” and 15 points to a “five”. Of course, intermediate options are possible (for example, 8 points correspond to a “four with a minus”).

The maximum score for all completed tasks is 70.

Read.

“Well, […],” she told him,
If you could sit
So you own me.
Give me a place to rest
Yes take care of me
How much do you understand. Yes, look:
Three morning dawns
Set me free
Walk across the open field.
At the end of three days
I give you two horses -
Yes, such as they are today
It never happened at all;
Yes, I also give birth to a horse
Only three tall an inch,
On the back with two humps
Yes with yard ears< …>

Write the name of the author and the title of the work from which this passage is taken.
Insert the character name missing on the first line.
Write the name of the character who says these words.
Explain the meaning of the highlighted words and expressions.
Imagine that horses are endowed with the gift of speech. Write a monologue of the horse from the work from which the passage is taken, about your owner. The volume is about 100 words.

Answers and evaluation criteria

P.P. Ershov, "Humpbacked Horse" (1 point).
Ivan (1 point).
(Magic) mare (1 point).
A vershok is a measure of length equal to approximately 4.5 cm (1 point).

Arshin is a measure of length equal to approximately 71 cm (1 point). In a fairy tale, these words can be used as examples of artistic understatement and exaggeration.

horse monologue

Task 2. WORK WITH TEXT

Option 1. Prose text

Read. Write an essay about this story, answering the questions (you can not answer all the questions). Write coherent text

Sasha Cherny (Alexander Mikhailovich Glikberg, 1880–1932)

STRAY DOG

Slowly swaying back from the sea to my forest lodge, I was laden like a mule with a bathing suit, a dressing gown, a net of vegetables, and wild pears picked up from the reeds. At the well, I turned around: behind me someone sighed politely, as if he wanted to say: “Turn around, please.”

Out of the reed jungle came a lean, lanky dog of the same humble breed, with a pretzel tail and dumpling ears. I stopped, the dog too. He carefully, with the experienced eye of a vagabond, examined my belongings, my sun-bleached jacket, my face, and when I began to climb the mountain again, resolutely followed me, as if I were his grandfather, whom he met after many years of separation.

It was not difficult to understand his decision: “An alien… Not a farmer – farmers don’t bathe… He doesn’t eat meat, but you can fill an empty stomach with soup and bread. Not evil, rather kind, therefore, will not drive away. From that breed of people who every year come from all directions to Provence to lie on the sand by the sea and do nothing. Like stray dogs…”

The dog was not mistaken, I did not drive him away, and at the gatehouse door I fulfilled my first duty of hospitality: I gave him cold well water in a sardine tin. The tin was much smaller than the dog's thirst, but I patiently poured water until the dog, out of politeness, wetting his tongue for the last time, looked at me with grateful eyes:

- Thanks.

He was a little cunning with me, but well - if you don’t cheat, you won’t have dinner ... such is the fate of all vagabonds.

I was sitting in the gatehouse, he was at the threshold, outside. Of course, he tried to explain to me, as best he could, that he did not want to eat at all, that he followed me only because he liked me. Carefully, as if by chance, he moved his front paw over the threshold. But I really love dogs and really dislike fleas - our eyes met, and he realized that it was possible to have dinner in the yard.

I soaked dry bread in sour milk diluted with water (do not run to the neighboring farm for cream!). The dog ate. He was very hungry - sunken sides, slightly hasty throats ... But he did not champ, he tried to eat slowly, with dignity, as even well-fed boys do not always eat.

Then I warmed up rice soup with tomatoes. The dish is not quite suitable, but do I have a dog cooker?

We honestly divided the soup among ourselves, and for a snack I gave him an oiled paper, which he carefully licked, screwing up his eyes with pleasure - he licked it so that the paper became completely transparent. He refused wine. He was even offended, as, indeed, dogs are always offended if a person offers them something absurd. And in fact: if someone offered you copy ink after dinner, wouldn't you be offended?

From the vineyard crawled out with a pick the old man Sanguinetti, the owner of my dwelling, a little man, like a cunning lizard. He looked at the dog lying on the threshold, smacked his badly shaven lip and said:

- Your dog? Not yours? No one here has such a thing - I already know ... I don’t like cats or dogs! Cats are thieves, dogs bite. So you fed her, and she will tear your trousers for this, hee-hee ...

What nonsense! What dog will offend the person who fed her and greeted her at his doorstep?

The dog also did not like the old man's dry voice, like the rustle of faded corn leaves. He pushed me with his nose into my knees, wagged his tail twice (dinner was unimportant, especially not worth wagging), and, contemptuously rounding the old slanderer, disappeared over the hill in the juniper bushes. Full, the evening is quiet and warm - and what will happen tomorrow, only people think about it ...

What can be said about the narrator? Justify your conclusions by referring to the text.
How does the narrator feel about nature?
How is the dog shown in the story? What kind of art techniques?
Why does the story need the image of "old man Sanguinetti"?
What artistic details (primarily portrait) do you remember? Why?
How do you understand the meaning of the final (last sentence) of the story?

Option 2. Poetic text

Read. Write an essay about this poem, answering the questions (you can not answer all the questions). Write coherent text, freely, clearly, conclusively and competently.

Maya Ivanovna Borisova (1932–1996)

SONG OF THE SPRING SUN

I'll get up early, early, I'm not in a hurry
I'll wake up the ruddy baby.
I caress the sleepy one -
Nothing special -
I will be, the sun, a nanny.
The sky will turn pink above you
Each puddle will become blue.
I will color
It's OK -
I will be, the sun, a painter.
The clouds have been smoky over the winter,
It would be necessary to rinse them in the Neva.
I'll do laundry
Nothing to be ashamed of -
I will be, the sun, a laundress.
Look outside - it's bright.
Go outside - it's warm there.
Sooner or later -
You yourself understood:
It's me, the spring sun!

Why is the poem called "Song..."?
Is the poem addressed to anyone? If yes, to whom?
How does this poem resemble folk songs and how does it differ from them?
Pay attention to rhymes. What is unusual about them?
How are stanzas arranged in a poem?
Why are repetitions necessary?

Evaluation criteria

Evaluation criteria	Points
Presence/absence of direct coherent answers to questions and the presence/absence of errors in understanding the text. Grading scale: 0 - 5 - 10 - 15	15
The general logic of the text and the composition of the work. Grading scale: 0 - 3 - 7 - 10	10
Reinforcement of evidence with text, appropriateness of citation. Grading scale: 0 - 2 - 3 - 5	5
The presence / absence of stylistic, speech and grammatical errors. / Year: / City: /

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1 ALL-RUSSIAN OLYMPIAD OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN LITERATURE uch. SCHOOL STAGE. Grade 8 Tasks, answers and evaluation criteria 1. "Oh, horses, horses, what kind of horses! .." Read. A) Three years ago, once, on a winter evening< >a troika drove up, and a traveler in a Circassian hat, in a military overcoat, wrapped in a shawl, entered the room, demanding horses. The horses were all running. At this news the traveler raised his voice and whip; but Dunya, accustomed to such scenes, ran out from behind the partition and affectionately turned to the traveler with the question: would he like to eat something? The appearance of Dunya produced its usual effect. The wrath of the traveler has passed; he agreed to wait for the horses and ordered supper for himself. Taking off his wet, shaggy hat, untangling his shawl and pulling off his overcoat, the traveler appeared as a young, slender hussar with a black mustache. B) Muromsky's horse, which had never been hunting, was frightened and suffered. Muromsky, who proclaimed himself an excellent rider, gave her free rein and was inwardly pleased with the chance that rid him of an unpleasant companion. But the horse, galloping to a ravine, which it had not noticed before, suddenly rushed to the side, and Muromsky did not sit still. Falling pretty hard on frozen ground, he lay, cursing his short mare, who, as if coming to her senses, immediately stopped as soon as she felt herself without a rider. Ivan Petrovich galloped up to him, asking if he had hurt himself. Meanwhile, the groom brought the guilty horse, holding it by the bridle. He helped Muromsky into the saddle, and [Ivan Petrovich] invited him to his place. 1. Write the name of the author and the titles of the works (individually and in general) where these passages are taken from. Write also the name of Ivan Petrovich from the second passage. 2. Imagine that horses are endowed with the gift of speech. Write a monologue of the horse at the post station about the events of the story or a monologue of the Muromsky horse about the owner and his daughter. The volume of words. Answers and evaluation criteria 1. A.S. Pushkin (1 point), Belkin's Tales (1 point), The Stationmaster (1 point), The Peasant Young Lady (1 point), Berestov (1 point). Only 5 points. 2. Horse monologue. one

2 Amusing content, accuracy of characteristics, presence / absence of factual errors Reference to the text of the work Unity of style and general logic of the text General literacy (presence / absence of spelling, punctuation, speech, grammatical errors) Total 0 10 points 25 points 2. WORK WITH TEXT. This assignment contains two options. Choose ONLY ONE of them. Option 1. Prose text Read. Write an essay about this story, answering the questions (you can not answer all the questions). Write in a coherent text, freely, clearly, convincingly and competently. Suggested word count. Vera Agafonova (b. 1979) PAINTING JOY Semicircular petal, round notch The paper crunches deliciously, separating under scissors. Marina listens to this pleasant crunch and even slightly distracted from her work. The scissors slip off, pinching the delicate skin on the finger. Mother, all-seeing and omnipresent, immediately exclaims from behind: Marinochka, sunshine, be careful! Save your hands. Mother is right. Hands must be protected. They are strange, these hands: they can carelessly, as if by accident, throw at White list outlandish berries and hardly hold a cup of tea. They are also not particularly friendly with scissors, so scissors take revenge on them like today, despite this, they have to take this unfriendly little thing and cut the paper. Chamomile flowers, orchids, daisies are scattered over a white field; you need to collect them, turn them inside out and write riddles and fun tasks on them. Father squeezes in the door, chewing a sandwich, meticulously looks at the daisies and imprints: You suffer from nonsense, Mariska! TV would be better. Marina looks at him and her eyes are huge, each with a cornflower field, she just looks. Father sighs and leaves to inspect football. Marina unfolds a camomile, slightly crippled with scissors, and writes: "Read some poem in a child's voice." And she herself begins to mentally quote: “A bull is walking, swinging, sighing on the go.” The bull is well done, he swings, but so far he is walking. "Now I'm Falling" 2

3 Previously, Marina also knew how to walk, until she was six years old. And then some invisible and indomitable snake, having drilled into the ground at Marina's feet, penetrated her feet and made her way higher and higher, forcing the girl at first to hobble awkwardly, like a bull from a poem, and then sit down in an armchair and no longer get up. But Marina is happy because she has cornflower blue eyes that see the beautiful world much more beautifully than everyone else sees. She also has hands that cannot unlock the door of the apartment, but they can open the magic door in the easel and the world behind it is even more amazing. And these hands can also carry this huge world, a field of flowers, a sky pierced sunlight, and show it to all those who did not notice such beauty. Marina is painting her flowers today because tomorrow is her birthday. Twenty guests will come, no less. They will not dance because they are shy, which means that we must make sure that they are not bored; then no one will be silent and furtively glance at her iron trap. “This is my chariot!” Marina sometimes laughs, and her cornflower blue eyes become darker. Mother takes a large dish from the cupboard and starts kneading the biscuit. On the wall, above her head, hangs a picture of a lilac meadow, shooting stars and a bright, lonely woman, showered with starfall. Marina looks at her for a long time, silently, and then asks: Mom. Will you marry me? The mother stops stirring the dough for a second and then calmly answers: Of course, I will. How? Marina looks with cornflower blue eyes at the bright woman, just looks. Somewhere, probably, there is a prince on a white horse, only her iron carriage will obviously not be loaded onto this horse. But she has cunning hands, and a magic key-tassel, they can unlock the cherished door just by touching the easel. You can call dazzling butterflies to the lilac meadow, and golden deer with huge sad eyes, and rain illuminated by the sun. And give all this to friends who will come tomorrow for her birthday so that they rejoice, and be surprised, and laugh, and so that all this is sincere. (2007) 1. How is the main character described? How does she feel about her illness? 2. What details in her portrait do you remember and why? 3. What is the author's attitude towards his heroine? 4. How are Marina's father and mother described? 5. What words and phrases are repeated in the story? Why does the author need it? 6. Why does the story take place on the eve of the heroine's birthday? 7. How do you understand the title of the story? 3

4 Option 2. Poetic text Read. Write an essay about this poem, answering the questions (you can not answer all the questions). Write in a coherent text, freely, clearly, convincingly and competently. Suggested word count. Victor Genrikhovich Hoffman () blizzard Reckless, wild force, Noisy guest from distant latitudes, Finally, a blizzard swirled, And it sweeps through all the nooks and crannies. But the snowy madness is closer, Than the gloomy bored rain, Tired of the well-worn slurry Cursing and slurping in the winter. I love this wide whistle, Like a Pugachev raid in the steppe, Let it blind and scratch your cheeks, Beat endless snow in your face. But, when, getting excited, Satan, I go to her faster and faster, The approach of the abyss is clearer, The feeling of life is sharper. (2011) 1. How is the blizzard described in the poem? 2. What can you say about the lyrical hero of the poem? 3. What works describing the blizzard do you know and how can they be compared with the poem of Viktor Hoffmann? 4. Why is the blizzard compared to the "Pugachev raid"? 5. What is the author's attitude to the blizzard? How is this attitude reflected in artistic techniques? 6. How do you understand the meaning of the last stanza? four

5 Evaluation criteria Points Presence/absence of direct coherent answers to questions and 15 Presence/absence of errors in understanding the text. Rating scale: The general logic of the text and the composition of the work. 10 Grading scale: Supporting evidence with text, appropriateness of citation. 5 Presence/absence of stylistic, speech and grammar 5 errors. Presence/absence of spelling and punctuation errors 5 (within the limits of the material studied in Russian). Maximum score 40 For the convenience of assessment, we suggest focusing on the school four-point system. So, when assessing according to the first criterion, 0 points correspond to a “two”, 5 points to a “three”, 10 points to a “four” and 15 points to a “five”. Of course, intermediate options are possible (for example, 8 points correspond to a “four with a minus”). The maximum score for all completed tasks is 70. 5

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