Diagnostic control work on social science. Diagnostic test in social science Unlike nature, society
Option 1.
BUT. 1. Highlighting the main elements of society, their relationship and interaction, scientists characterize society as
1) system 2) part of nature 3) material world 4) civilization
2. Society in the understanding of scientists is:
2) ways of interaction and forms of bringing people together
3) part of wildlife, subject to its laws
4) the material world as a whole
3. Are the following judgments about society correct?
A. Society is a system consisting of interrelated and interacting elements.
B. Society is a dynamic system in which new elements and connections between them constantly arise and old elements die off.
4. Unlike nature, society
1) is a system 3) acts as a creator of culture
2) is in development 4) develops according to its own laws
5. The emergence of private ownership of the means of production has led to increased stratification of society. The connection of what aspects of the life of society was manifested in this phenomenon?
1) production, distribution, consumption and spiritual sphere 3) economy and social relations
2) economics and politics 4) economics and culture
6. Which of the following refers to the global problems of our time?
1) the formation of a socially oriented economy
2) the revival of cultural and moral values
3) the gap in the level of development between the regions of the planet
4) development of international cooperation
7. Are the following judgments about society correct?
A. Among the subsystems and elements of society are social institutions.
B. Not all elements public life are subject to change.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong
8. Which of the above features characterizes an industrial society?
1) the leading role of agriculture 3) a weak level of division of labor
2) the predominance of industry 4) the decisive importance of the service sector in the economy
9. Which of the features is inherent in a traditional society?
1) intensive development of infrastructure 3) the predominance of the patriarchal type of family
2) computerization of industry 4) the secular nature of culture
10. The transition to a post-industrial society is characterized by
1) the formation of a market economy 3) the development of mass media
2) restriction of social mobility 4) organization of factory production
11. A characteristic feature of Western civilization is:
1) low social mobility
2) long-term preservation of traditional legal norms
3) active introduction of new technologies
4) weakness and underdevelopment of democratic values
12. Are the following judgments about the process of globalization correct?
A. All global processes are the result of increased international contacts.
B. The development of mass communication makes the modern world whole.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong
13. Country A. with a population of 25 million people is located in the Northern Hemisphere. What additional information will make it possible to judge whether A. belongs to post-industrial societies?
1) The country has a multi-confessional composition of the population.
2) The country has an extensive network of rail transport.
3) Society is managed by means of computer networks.
4) Traditional family values are promoted in the media.
14. A characteristic feature of evolution as a form community development is an:
1) the revolutionary nature of change 3) violent methods
2) spasmodic 4) gradual
Q. 1 Read the text below with a number of words missing.
Western civilization is called ____(1). The production that has developed in the European region _____ (2) required the utmost exertion of the physical and intellectual forces of society, the constant improvement of tools and methods of influencing nature. In this regard, a new system of values has been formed: active creative, ______ (3) human activity is coming to the fore.
Unconditional value has acquired _______ (4) knowledge that expands the intellectual powers of a person, his inventive capabilities. Western civilization has put forward _____(5) individuals and ______(6) property as the most important values. The main regulator of social relations are _____ (7).
Choose from the proposed list of words to be inserted in place of spaces.
A) private
b) collective
c) legal norms
D) industrial
D) adaptable
2. Find in the list the features of society as a dynamic system and circle the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) isolation from nature
2) lack of interconnection of subsystems and public institutions
3) the ability for self-organization and self-development
4) isolation from the material world
5) constant change
6) the possibility of degradation of individual elements
C1. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "civilization"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about civilization.
C2. Use three examples to describe the advantages of the formational approach.
Gaining more and more strength, civilization often showed a clear tendency to impose ideas with the help of missionary activities or direct violence coming from religious, in particular Christian, traditions. Thus, civilization steadily spread across the planet, using all possible ways and means for this - migration, colonization, conquest, trade, industrial development, financial control and cultural influence. Little by little, all countries and peoples began to live according to its laws or created them according to the model established by it ...
The development of civilization, however, was accompanied by the flowering of bright hopes and illusions that could not be realized. At the heart of her philosophy and her actions was always elitism. And the Earth, no matter how generous it is, is still not able to accommodate an ever-growing population and satisfy its more and more new needs, desires and whims. That is why a new, deeper split has now emerged - between super-developed and underdeveloped countries. But even this rebellion of the world proletariat, which seeks to join the wealth of its more prosperous brethren, takes place within the same dominant civilization. It is unlikely that it will be able to withstand this new test, especially now, when its own organism is torn apart by numerous ailments. NTR, on the other hand, is becoming more and more obstinate, and it is becoming more and more difficult to pacify it. Having endowed us with unprecedented strength and instilled a taste for a level of life that we did not even think about, NTR sometimes does not give us the wisdom to keep our abilities and demands under control. And it is time for our generation, finally, to understand that now the fate of not individual countries and regions, but of all mankind as a whole, depends only on us.
A. Peccei
1) What are the global problems modern society does the author highlight? List two or three issues.
2) What does the author mean when he says: “Having endowed us with unprecedented strength and instilled a taste for a level of life that we did not even think about, the scientific and technological revolution does not sometimes give us the wisdom to keep our abilities and demands under control”? Make two guesses.
3) Illustrate with examples (at least three) the author's statement: "The development of civilization was accompanied by the flowering of bright hopes and illusions that could not be realized."
4) Is it possible, in your opinion, to overcome the contrast between rich and poor countries in the foreseeable future. Justify the answer.
C4 Society is a set of stones that would collapse if one did not support the other ”(Seneca)
Option - 2.
1. Society is characterized by social scientists as
1) a part of the world isolated from nature 3) an integral part of nature
2) the whole living world surrounding a person 4) the unity of animate and inanimate nature
2. The concept of "development", "interaction of elements" characterizes society as:
1) a dynamic system 3) the entire surrounding material world
2) part of nature 4) interaction of people in social groups
3. Are the following judgments about society correct?
A. Society, like nature, is a dynamic system, the individual elements of which interact with each other.
B. Society together with nature form the material world surrounding man.
4. Nature and society are closely linked. An example of a constructive interaction between nature and society is
1) depletion of non-renewable natural resources
2) the disappearance of a number of biological species as a result of human economic activity
3) creation of biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries
4) soil salinization as a result of reclamation work
5. Expanding, the enterprise occupied the premises of the drama theater. One of the political parties protested, arguing that citizens with limited access to cultural property suffer as a result. The real conflict is
1) watered. and social spheres of society 3) economy. and social spheres of society
2) political and spiritual. spheres of society 4) all spheres of society
6. What characterizes the unity and interdependence of the modern world?
1) preservation of traditional religions 3) protection by laws of national identity
2) the existence of armed forces in all countries 4) the development of mass electronic communications
7. Are the following judgments about global problems humanity?
A. Today there is a real threat to the survival of humanity as a biological species.
B. In order to survive, humanity must take seriously the preservation of the environment.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong
8. Industrial society is different from other types of society
1) the determining influence of religion on the life of society 3) the presence of commodity-money relations
2) the connection between the development of the society and the growth of large-scale industry 4) the residence of part of the population in cities
9. Which of the above features characterizes a traditional society?
1) the desire for progress 3) the desire to use nature for their own purposes
2) "continuity" ist. process 4) high social mobility
10. Which of the features distinguishes the information society from the industrial one?
1) the presence of commodity-money relations
2) replacement of statehood by self-governing communities
3) distribution of electronic means of communication
4) the predominance of subsistence farming
11. The formational approach to the development of society involves
1) consideration of history as a universal process
2) identification of unique features in the development of individual countries and peoples
3) the allocation of spiritual factors in the development of society as the leading
4) recognition of the diversity of ways and forms of development of societies
12. The negative consequences of the globalization process include
1) deepening of the international division of labor 3) weakening of national cultures
2) the spread of technological advances 4) the expansion of international cooperation
13. Country A. with a population of 15 million people is located in the southern hemisphere. What additional information will make it possible to judge whether A. belongs to traditional societies?
1) The basis of the country's economy is agricultural production.
2) The country has a multinational population.
3) The country is located in two parts of the world.
4) The supreme power in the country is inherited.
14. Public relations do not include:
1) relations in the family 3) relations between social groups and within them 2) relations between nature and society 4) relations between the employee and the employer
IN 1. Read the text below with a number of words missing.
The first type of civilizations is ____(1) societies. It is represented by many states of Asia and Africa. Among the spiritual values in them, the leading place is occupied by the installation on ___ (2) to nature, and not its purposeful transformation. Valuable activity is directed inside a person, on ____ (3). ______ (4) and ______ (5) are of particular importance in the regulation of social relations. ______ (6), which owned land,
irrigation facilities. The economy of such societies is _____(7) in nature.
Choose from the proposed list of words to be inserted in place of spaces. Keep in mind that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.
A) post-industrial
B) community
B) traditional
D) religion
D) fixture
IN 2. Which of the following is characteristic of both the civilization of the West and the civilization of the East?
1) Priority of the individual over the collective
2) Development of literature and art
3) The presence of social groups with different social status
4) Variety of philosophical teachings
5) State regulation main aspects of society
C1. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "formation"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the formation.
C2. Use three examples to reveal the virtues of a civilizational approach
C3. Read the text and do the tasks for it.
“Today, the dependence of man on nature is revealed in an extremely dramatic way, since the scale of the use of many types of resources necessary for economic activity, and simply for the existence of mankind, leads to the exhaustion of their reserves available on the planet. ... Experts' calculations show that if the current trends in economic development associated with the rapidly growing consumption of these types of resources continue, their reserves will be exhausted in a few decades.
Thus, we see that not only man depends on nature, but the nature surrounding man itself depends on the scale, forms and directions of his activity ...
The interaction of man and nature, society and its environment as a result of rapid growth industrial production all over the world, and production, which relies on existing multi-waste technologies, has reached the limiting, critical shapes and sizes. The question arose about the threat to the very existence of mankind due to the depletion of natural resources and the pollution of the environment that is dangerous for human life. It is these contradictions in the relationship between society and nature that determine the essence of the environmental problem. (I. T. Frolov)
1. What is the general name of the problems, which include the environmental problems described in the passage? In one or two sentences, explain why environmental and other problems have received such a name?
2. Based on the text, give two explanations for the emergence of environmental problems that exist today.
3. What is the dependence of modern society on nature? Give three examples of such dependence known to you.
4. In the 20th century, a theory arose that shows ways to overcome the existing contradictions between society and nature. Based on the knowledge of the social science course, name this theory and its author. Point two possible ways solutions to contemporary environmental problems.
C4. “Let us not be too deceived by our victories over nature. For each such victory, she takes revenge on us ”(F. Engels)
Option 5
3) construction of irrigation facilities in ancient China
4) the publication by Ivan IV in 1550 of a new Sudebnik
A5. Which of the characteristics is characteristic of a post-industrial society?
1) completion of the industrial revolution
2) appropriating the type of economy
3) development of electronic mass media
4) the special value of the team, community
A6. The negative effects of globalization include
1) deepening the international division of labor
2) dissemination of technological advances
3) weakening of national cultures
4) expansion of international cooperation
A7. Definition possible consequences benefits reform is an activity
1) practical 2) value-oriented 3) cognitive 4) prognostic
A8. Human activity as opposed to animal behavior
1) is highly specialized
3) preceded by goal setting
4) always has an individual character
A9. True knowledge differs from false knowledge in that it
1) relies on common sense
3) is created as a result of cognitive activity
4) corresponds to the subject of knowledge
A10. Are the following judgments about human freedom correct?
A. Human freedom is permissiveness, the ability to act according to one's own desires.
2) starts with feeling
3) gives a visual image of the subject
4) uses logical reasoning
A14. Are the following statements about the learning process correct?
A. In the process of cognition, human emotions and feelings play an important role.
B. In the process of cognition, human intuition has a certain value.
A15. "Prometheus brought the light of knowledge to people." This statement is an example of knowledge
1) worldly
2) mythological
3) scientific
4) "parascientific"
A16. Perception is
1) a form of rational knowledge
2) a mental property inherent only to a person
3) a form of sensory knowledge
4) a way of explaining the world
A17. Relative truth versus absolute truth
1) contains objective knowledge about the subject
2) Always use common sense
3) can be refuted over time
4) is the result of sensory and rational knowledge
A 18. Among the channels of upward social mobility, sociologist P. Sorokin singled out
1) family ties
2) accumulated personal experience
3) family expansion
4) getting an education
1) upward social mobility
2) vertical social mobility
3) horizontal social mobility
4) downward social mobility
A20. Are the following judgments about the socialization of the individual correct?
A. The process of socialization continues throughout a person's life.
B. The media are an important institution of socialization
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
Part B.
IN 1. Write down the word missing in the diagram.
Form of scientific knowledge
…: Theory: Law:
assumptions, a system of conclusions about significant
conjectures, interconnected objective, repetitive
put forward in the course of statements, laws of connections between objects
scientific research and phenomena
IN 2. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are connected with rational cognition. Find and indicate the term associated with another form of cognition.
Concept, judgment, representation, conclusion.
IN 3. Establish a correspondence between basic human needs and their specific examples.
AT 4. Find in the list of positions related to the social sphere of society.
1) the theory of social development
2) unemployment benefit
3) the idea of social justice
4) social stratification of society
5) the social status of the individual
6) religious teaching
AT 5. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered. .
(1) With the advent of the first states, law was born. (2) Modern democracies have an extensive legal system. (3) However, it is far from always effective in protecting the interests of citizens. (4) It must be admitted that the legal culture of the population remains low.
Determine which provisions of the text are worn
A) actual character
B) the nature of value judgments
AT 6. Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.
Absolute truth is an undoubted, unchanging, once and for all established ____ (1). Absolute truth completely exhausts the subject and cannot be refuted when further development knowledge. On the way to ____ (2) people deal with relative truths. The relativity of our knowledge is due to a number of reasons. First of all, the world itself is infinitely changeable. Limited and ___ (3) person. In addition, the possibilities of cognition depend on real historical conditions and are determined by the level of development of the spiritual __ (4), material __ (5), available means of observation and __ (6). As a result, at each stage of cognition, we receive incomplete, incomplete, non-eternal knowledge.
A) knowledge
B) experiment
B) production
D) criterion
D) relative truth
E) culture
G) absolute truth
3) cognitive opportunities
Part C.
1. Name three historical types of society. On what basis are they identified?
Diagnostic test in social studies (input cut)
Option 5 (answers)
A1. 2
A3. one
A5. 3
A7. 4
A9. 4
A11. 3
A13. one
A15. 2
A17. 3
A19. 3
Part B.
IN 1. Hypothesis
IN 2. Performance
AT 5. AABB
AT 6. AZHZEVB
Part C.
1. Agrarian (traditional) society - agriculture
2. Industrial society - industry
3. Post-industrial society - the sphere of services
The answers to tasks 1–20 are a number, or a sequence of numbers, or a word (phrase). Write your answers in the fields to the right of the task number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
1
Write down the missing word in the table.
Characteristics of the main forms of thinking
2
In the given series, find the concept that is generalizing for all the other concepts presented. Write down this word (phrase).
Customs duties; tax system; excises; progressive scale; tax return.
3
Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, represent methods of scientific knowledge of the world.
1) direct observation, 2) dissemination of opinion, 3) social stratification, 4) mental modeling, 5) experimentation, 6) empirical description.
Find two terms that "fall out" of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
4
Choose the correct judgments about society and its types and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Society is a combination of all forms of association and ways of interaction between people, in which their interdependence is expressed.
2. The main factor of production of an industrial society is land.
3. All spheres of public life, social institutions are subject to change.
4. The systemic nature of society is manifested in the presence of social communities and groups connected by social relations.
5. Society is closed system that does not interact with the environment.
5
Establish a correspondence between the characteristic features and types (varieties) of culture: for each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position.
6
Country Z is undergoing education reform. What facts indicate that the reform is aimed at the humanization of education? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. computerization of the educational process
2. orientation to the interests and inclinations of the student
3. application of technologies that save children's health
4. quantity increase subjects
5. Reduction of study time natural sciences
6. special attention to the moral education of children
7
Select the correct judgments about the firm's costs and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Costs are called the cost of production and marketing of finished products.
2. The payment of interest on a previously taken loan refers to variable costs in the short term.
3. The firm incurs fixed costs, even if production is stopped.
4. Variable costs in the short term include fees for raw materials and materials, electricity and transport services.
5. Variable costs in the short term include administration salaries.
8
Match functions and levels banking system: for each position given in the first column, match the corresponding position from the second column.
9
In state Z, most enterprises are privately owned, but there are state and municipal enterprises. What other signs indicate that the economy of country Z is of a market type? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. In settlements between enterprises, a non-cash form is actively used.
2. Prices for goods and services are determined by the ratio of supply and demand.
3. Enterprises have to deal with the problem of limited resources.
4. Producers of goods and services compete for consumer demand.
5. Everyone has the right to freely dispose of their abilities and property for entrepreneurial and other economic activities not prohibited by law.
6. The state carries out the centralized distribution of resources.
10
The figure reflects the changing situation in the kitchen furniture market. Which of the following could cause the supply curve to shift from position S to position S 1 ? (On the chart, P is the price of the good; Q is the quantity of the good.)
1. rising costs for kitchen furniture manufacturers
2. increase in the number of kitchen furniture manufacturers
3. declining consumer income
4. Providing subsidies to manufacturers of kitchen furniture
5. Increasing duties on imported components
11
Choose the correct judgments about deviant behavior and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Negative deviant behavior is always a manifestation of the shortcomings of the individual's socialization.
2. Deviant behavior may be caused by the social conditions of the individual's residence.
3. Deviant behavior can be both negative and positive.
4. Deviant behavior can only be individual.
5. Deviant behavior involves a violation of generally accepted norms.
12
In the early 1990s in country Z, judicial reform began, in particular, the institution of jurors was introduced. In 1995 and 2015, the sociological service conducted a survey of adult citizens in country Z. They were asked the question: “How do you assess the introduction of jury trials?” The results of the survey (in % of the number of respondents) are presented in the table.
Find in the list the conclusions that can be drawn on the basis of the table, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. In 1995, a quarter of the respondents assessed the judicial reform negatively.
2. In 2015, about two-thirds of those surveyed negatively assessed the judicial reform.
3. Over 20 years, the total percentage of positive assessments of judicial reform has decreased.
4. By 2015, the proportion of citizens who find it difficult to unambiguously evaluate the introduction of a jury trial has increased.
5. In both 1995 and 2015, the majority of those surveyed generally have a positive view of judicial reform.
13
Choose the correct statements about democracy and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. There are direct (direct) and representative (indirect) democracy.
2. The institutions of direct democracy include referendums, nationwide discussions of political issues, etc.
3. Democracy - a political regime in which the people are the source and bearer of the political, state power.
4. The main sign of democracy is the comprehensive control of the state over all spheres of society.
5. Political pluralism, as one of the principles of democracy, reflects the diversity of forms of ownership in the state.
14
Establish a correspondence between the functions and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation that perform them: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
15
In country Z, the government is formed by a bloc of political parties that win parliamentary elections. Choose from the list below the features that indicate that in country Z parliamentary elections are based on a proportional system, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. nomination of independent non-partisan candidates is possible
2. the number of MPs depends on the percentage of votes received by the party
5. The winner is the candidate who receives the most votes in the election.
16
the Russian Federation- secular state. Which of the following provisions reveal the meaning of this constitutional principle? Write down the numbers under which they are rolled.
1. No religion can be established as a state or obligatory one.
2. No ideology can be established as a state or mandatory.
3. Religious associations are separated from the state and are equal before the law.
4. In relations with federal government bodies, all subjects of the Russian Federation are equal among themselves.
5. The Russian Federation ensures the integrity and inviolability of its territory.
17
Choose the correct judgments about military service and alternative civilian service. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Conscription - the statutory duty of citizens to serve in the ranks Armed Forces and perform other duties related to the defense of the country.
2. All citizens of the Russian Federation aged 18 to 30 are called up for military service.
3. Citizens may be released from military duty only on the grounds provided for by law.
4. A citizen has the right to replace conscripted military service with alternative civilian service if the performance of military service is contrary to his convictions or religion.
5. The term of alternative civilian service is 1.75 times less than the established term of military service on conscription.
18
Establish a correspondence between examples and grounds for termination of an employment contract in the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| EXAMPLES | GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION OF AN EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION |
| A) The attestation commission confirmed that Mark G. did not have a sufficient level of qualification for his position. | 1) employer's initiative |
| B) Vladimir P. repeatedly failed to fulfill his labor duties without good reason, and had several disciplinary sanctions. | 2) employee initiative |
| C) 24-year-old Roman V. was sent to military service by conscription. | 3) circumstances beyond the control of the parties |
| D) Irina A. got married and moved to another city. | |
| E) Upon the expiration of the term of the employment contract, Peter M. was not elected to the position he previously held as head of the department of philosophy. |
19
Arina and Nikifor decided to conclude a marriage contract. What legal relations of spouses, according to the family law of the Russian Federation, can be the object of regulation of a marriage contract? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated
1. ways to share in each other's income
2. the procedure for each spouse to bear family expenses
3. determination of the place of residence of the spouses
4. choice of the surname of the spouses, the names of future children
5. rights and obligations for mutual content
6. rights and obligations of spouses in relation to children
Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.
20
“A person who actively explores and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is ________ (A). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed ________ (B): intellectual, emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that ________ (C) in joint activities with other people learns and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process of ________(D). Personality is defined as special form the existence and development of social ties, relations to the world and with the world, to oneself and with oneself. It is characterized by ________ (D), i.e. striving to go beyond its own limits, to develop, to expand the scope of its activities, is open to all the influences of social life, to any experience. This is a person who has his own ________ (E) in life, who shows independence of thought, is responsible for his choice.
Words (phrases) in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used once.
Choose sequentially one word (phrase) after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words (phrases) in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.
List of terms:
1. individual
2. quality
3. need
4. education
5th position
6. socialization
7. personality
8. activity
9. individuality
Part 2.
First write down the task number (28, 29, etc.), and then a detailed answer to it. Write your answers clearly and legibly.
Read the text and complete tasks 21-24.
The ratio of law and morality is of particular importance at the present stage of the development of civilization, since many moral values - freedom, equality, justice, honor, dignity, and others - are legally enshrined in legal acts. The dignity of the individual, the fundamental rights and freedoms of every person are universally recognized by civilized democratic states.
Law and morality are the most important elements of human culture. Moral norms, as well as legal norms, are social regulators of human behavior. Morality is a set of views, ideas about good and evil, justice, honor, duty, the meaning of life, happiness and the corresponding norms and principles of behavior that are close to human ideals and the observance of which is ensured by the conviction, conscience of a person, his habit, as well as social opinion. Morality has internal and external aspects. The first involves the value attitude of the individual to himself, self-esteem, awareness of himself as a person with social value. The second aspect is the attitude of a person to others, awareness of the value of his socially significant behavior.
In relation to law, moral values act as a criterion for people to evaluate the effectiveness of the mechanisms of legal regulation of social relations. By reinforcing moral values, law thereby contributes to the creation proper conditions for their implementation. The ideas of freedom, equality, justice, inherent in man by nature, become legal values. Accordingly, the moral value of the legal norms themselves also increases.
Law and morality have both common characteristics and features. One of the main common features is that both law and morality are varieties of social norms. Both law and morality are the measure of freedom. To realize legal freedom, it is necessary to have moral freedom. Both law and morality are related by the category of justice. Justice acts as a means of ensuring the social value of legal norms. At the same time, in society, the realization of the ideal of justice is impossible without legal regulation.
Moral norms are more universal than legal norms. Moral norms regulate a wider area of relations than the sphere of relations regulated by law. The norms of law are systematized and are officially fixed in legal acts, and the norms of morality are contained in the minds of people and are expressed in public opinion and transmitted to them. In addition, moral norms are not institutionalized, that is, they do not have a formal certainty, and legal norms as institutional regulators are enshrined in legislation, in court decisions.
However, as common features, and the differences between legal and moral norms should not be absolutized. Moral norms and legal norms organically intercondition, complement and mutually support each other in the regulation of social relations.
(M.I. Abdulaev)
Name any three distinguishing features of law considered by the author.
Show answer
In the correct answer, the following distinctive features can be named traits:
1) systematization;
2) official fixing in normative legal acts;
3) formal certainty;
4) implementation by state institutions.
Distinctive features may be worded differently.
Show answer
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) answer to question: moral norms regulate a wider area of social relations than the norms of law;
(The answer to the question can be given in a different formulation, close in meaning.)
2) the confirmation, for example: morality regulates a variety of interpersonal relationships that are not included in the scope of legal regulation.
Other confirmation may be given.
Using social science knowledge, name any three regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation that enshrine the values of freedom, equality, honor and dignity. Give a brief explanation of how exactly these values are enshrined in the normative legal act you cited.
Show answer
The correct answer should include normative legal acts and given the corresponding explanations:
1) the Constitution of the Russian Federation (among the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, equality, various political freedoms, the right to defend honor and dignity are approved);
2) The Family Code of the Russian Federation (affirms the voluntary nature of marriage, the equality of spouses, the need to build family relations on feelings mutual love and respect, mutual assistance and responsibility to the family of all its members);
3) the Civil Code (the rights of owners, freedom of entrepreneurial activity, a mechanism for protecting honor and dignity, compensation for moral damage are fixed).
Other explanations may be given.
Other normative legal acts can be named and explained
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The following explanations can be given:
1) strict observance of the law and intolerance to illegal behavior are based not only on the fear of legal liability, but also on the moral principles of the individual;
2) the operation of legal mechanisms for the protection of those having not only legal, but also the moral value of life and health, honor and dignity affirms in public consciousness their unconditional value;
3) the realization of the moral ideal of the value of the human person, regardless of skin color, age, occupation, citizenship, ethnic, cultural and religious affiliation, etc. impossible without the support of the legal system of society.
Other explanations can be given
What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "bank"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make up two sentences: one sentence containing information about the functions of the central bank, and one sentence revealing the influence of banks on the activities of firms.
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The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: a bank is a financial institution that carries out activities in accepting deposits, lending, organizing settlements, buying and selling valuable papers;
(Another definition or explanation of the meaning of the concept that is close in meaning may be given.)
2) one sentence with information about the functions of the central bank, based on knowledge of the course, for example: the Central Bank regulates the monetary sphere.;
(Another proposal could be drafted containing information on the functions of the central bank.)
3) one sentence, revealing, based on the knowledge of the course, the influence of banks on the activities of firms, for example: Banks carry out mutual settlements of firms, act as their creditors.
(Another proposal could be made, revealing, based on knowledge of the exchange rate, the influence of banks on the activities of firms.)
The head of the enterprise concluded an urgent labor contract with 15-year-old Egor, a student of a professional lyceum, without a preliminary medical examination. A probationary period has not been set. In accordance with the terms of the contract, he must carry out work on packing the purchases of the store's customers during the school year 4 times a week, from 12:00 to 23:00 with an hour break for lunch. What violations were committed during the conclusion of the contract? (List four violations.)
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The following may be specified violations:
1) the work should not disrupt the learning process and should be performed in their free time from study;
2) the duration of the working day of employees aged 14-16 years, combining work with education in institutions of primary and secondary vocational education - 2.5 hours (duration of the working week of minors - no more than 24 hours);
2. Characteristics of the representative bodies of state power:
a) structure;
b) formation of the parliament;
c) basic functions, etc.
3. Executive authorities:
a) the structure of the executive power;
b) the main functions of executive authorities;
c) the government in the system of executive authorities, the procedure for its formation.
4. The role of the judiciary in a democratic state.
5. The system of law enforcement agencies of the state.
A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.
By completing task 29, you can show your knowledge and skills on the content that is more attractive to you. For this purpose, choose only ONE of the statements below (29.1-29.5).
Choose one of the statements below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic touched upon).
When presenting your thoughts on the problem raised (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use the knowledge gained in the study of the social science course, the relevant concepts, as well as the facts of social life and your own life experience. (Give at least two examples from various sources as evidence.)
29.1. Philosophy"Revolution is a barbaric form of progress." (J. Jaures)
29.2. Economy"The economy changes with life." (S. Vine)
29.3. Sociology, social psychology"In the course of socialization, the individual acts as the subject and object of this process." (N. Melnikova)
29.4. Political science"'Divide and Conquer' is a wise rule, but 'Unite and Rule' is even better." (J.W. Goethe)
29.5. Jurisprudence“The task of law is not at all that the world lying nearby should turn into the Kingdom of God, but only that it does not turn into hell before its time.” (V.S. Solovyov)
1) Economic
2) Social
3) Political
4) Spiritual
6. The social sphere most directly depends on the level of:
1) Economic development of the country
2) political development countries
3) Spirituality of society
4) Development of interethnic relations
7.
A) Social institutions are among the subsystems and elements of society.
B) Not all elements of social life are subject to change
1) Only A is true
2) Only B is true
3) Both judgments are correct
4) Both judgments are wrong
8. Are the following statements about society correct?
A) Society is a system consisting of interconnected and interacting elements.
B) Society is a dynamic system in which new elements and connections between them constantly arise and old ones die off.
1) Only A is true
2) Only B is true
3) Both judgments are correct
4) Both judgments are wrong
9. Are judgments about the interaction of spheres of society's life correct?
A) The processes taking place in the political sphere of society can influence the processes taking place in other areas.
B) Outstanding works of art can be created in years of great upheaval.
1) Only A is true
2) Only B is true
3) Both judgments are correct
4) Both judgments are wrong
Part B examples.
1. Establish a correspondence between the spheres of society and their components: for each position given in the first column, match the corresponding position in the second column.
COMPONENTS OF SPHERES OF LIFE OF SOCIETY
1) Interaction of social strata and groups A) economic sphere
2) The activities of state bodies B) the political sphere
3) Morality, religion, philosophy C) spiritual sphere
4) Relations in the process of material D) social sphere
production
2. Establish correspondences between phenomena and spheres of public life:
PHENOMENA IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC LIFE
1 .The State Duma adopted A) political
amendments to the law on citizenship B) Economic
2 .Inflation fell in April
compared to March by 0.2%
3 .Industrial production growth for
third quarter reached 5.6%
4. Congress was held in July
center-right party
5 .In the elections held on Monday
won the parliament
ruling coalition
3. Find the features of society as a dynamic system in the list below:
1) isolation from nature
2) lack of interconnection of subsystems and public institutions
3) the ability for self-organization and self-development
4) isolation from the material world
5) constant change
6) the possibility of degradation of individual elements
4. Read the text below with a number of words missing.
“Social institutions provide boundaries and forms of joint activity of people in different areas and are distinguished by their _____ (1). The main institutions of society are ____ (2). No modern society can exist without social institutions: institutions create the conditions in which human life, and human life generates and changes institutions. The development of social institutions occurs at the entrance of ____(3) society.”
A) private business
B) state
B) functional qualities
D) economy, family, education, religion
D) social needs
E) evolution
G) joint activity.
Variety of ways and forms of social development, historical types of societies
3) active implementation of technologies
4) weakness and underdevelopment of democratic values
3. Which of the following characteristics characterizes an industrial society?
1) the leading role of agriculture
2) the predominance of industry
3) a weak level of division of labor
4) the decisive importance of the service sector in the economy
4. Which of the characteristics is inherent in a traditional society?
1) advanced factory production
2) creation of the main product in agriculture
3) completion of the industrial revolution
4) highly developed infrastructure
5. Which of the features is inherent in a post-industrial society?
1) completion of the industrial revolution
2) appropriating the type of economy
3) development of electronic mass media
3) post-industrial C) class character of the social structure
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of a traditional society?:
1) high social mobility
2) predominantly extensive development of production
3) class structure of society
4) separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers
5) the predominance of collectivist views
3. From the list below, select the signs of a post-industrial society
1) the basis of production is land, agricultural labor
2) the development of large-scale machine industry
3) the basis of production - knowledge, information
4) wide application of machine technology
5) illiteracy of the majority of the population
6) the main type of export is the means of production
7) the main type of export is raw materials
8) the main type of export is intellectual products (programs, technologies, etc.)
9) the leading role is played by the service sector, education
10) continuing education citizens
11) the task of overcoming the illiteracy of the population is being solved
4. Insert missing word:
"The industrial revolution is the replacement of ... .. labor with machines, manufactory with a factory."
Possible assignments of part C (C5-C7)
1. Name any three characteristics of society as a dynamic system.
2. Name three historical types of society. On what basis are they identified?
3. What socio-economic formations do Marxists single out?
4. Name three features that unite the industrial society and the post-industrial one.
Working with text (tasks С1-С4)
Information society
The formation of the information society is far from complete, but it seems possible to single out some of its characteristics.
The sector associated with the production of knowledge, processing and dissemination of information becomes dominant in the economy. Eventually, specific gravity costs for research work and marketing of new products exceeds the material costs of its release. Thus, in US pharmaceutical and computer firms, the latter fell to 10-15% of its value (in the US auto industry, they are still above 50%, which apparently determines its lagging behind Japan).
Share of know-how sales, i.e. technical information in the total volume of foreign and domestic trade begins to exceed the share of products of the agricultural, mining and manufacturing sectors of the economy. According to existing estimates, this “threshold” was surpassed in the United States as early as the 1980s.
The share of the country's self-employed population employed in the creation, processing and dissemination of information begins to exceed the labor force employed in industry and agriculture. It should be noted here that the service sector is being differentiated: some of its employees, even in the most developed countries, are still engaged in fairly hard physical labor, while most of them begin to serve the information sector of the economy.
Information flows receive a new material carrier, i.e., the global telecommunications network, as well as the Internet.
The phenomenon of the “crisis of man” is becoming an essential and previously not taken into account factor of social development... A person living in developed countries is exposed to huge flows of information, the possibilities of understanding which are not unlimited. this leads to the fact that part of the information is not perceived at all, cut off or absorbed uncritically ...
It can be said about the beginning of the process of the emergence of a global information society as a new social phase of world civilizational development.
1. What are the four features of the information society called by the author?
2. Not all scientists agree with the characterization of modern society as informational. What other terms are used to refer to modern society? List two such terms.
3. The author believes that the information society is global. Based on the knowledge of the social science course, define the concept of "globalization" and indicate any two factors leading to globalization.
