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Sawing round wood: cutting map, necessary tool. How to cut a log into boards: discretion does not hurt How to cut a tree lengthwise with a chainsaw

Boards are actively used for various construction and repair activities. This material can be made independently from any suitable log using a conventional chainsaw.

Chain saw - a universal tool for a summer resident

A chainsaw, often also called a chainsaw, is a chain hand tool equipped with a two-stroke (in most cases) internal combustion engine. This popular mechanism is indispensable in any household plot. The saw is compact yet powerful. It works without breakdowns for a long time offline, due to which it can be used in any terrain and in a position convenient for the user. The chainsaw has other advantages:

It is equipped with mechanisms for selecting the speed of operation and smooth start. This minimizes the risk of chain breakage.
Can be used in high humidity.
Does not require electrical energy.
It is characterized by high power indicators (significantly greater than that of a power tool).
It has a quick-acting inertial brake.

The main advantage of a gasoline saw is the possibility of equipping it with various nozzles. It is they who make it universal, indispensable for home master, tool. With the help of a chainsaw, logs are sawn, stone, metal, brick, tiled building materials, removing bark from wood, cutting mounting grooves and various recesses in bars.

The functionality of the tool can be expanded even more, the main thing is to choose the right nozzle or equip it with a special device.

We will not describe all the possibilities of a chainsaw. Within the framework of this article, we are only interested in the issue of sawing logs with a chainsaw. About the features of doing such work with your own hands further.

Nozzles and accessories for sawing - the home craftsman will appreciate it!

Sawing a log with a gasoline saw can be carried out after completing it different types fixtures and specials. Get relatively flat boards from the trunk of an old withered tree on your suburban area it’s easy if you install a standard nozzle for longitudinal cutting of wood on a chainsaw. Important point. You will not get perfect boards when using this nozzle. But the cut products can be used to build a fence around the site or a simple shed.

It will be easier to cut a log with better quality if you add a device to hold a wooden workpiece and a guide to the nozzle. A metal frame must be mounted on the saw bar. It is sold at hardware stores. If you wish, you can really do it yourself, using legs from an old school desk or ordinary metal corners. The distance between the tire and the frame is adjustable. Due to this, it becomes possible to saw logs into boards of different thicknesses.

If the tool is to be used permanently, the chainsaw guide is made of a flat wooden block or a metal profile. It should be as tough as possible. The ends of the homemade guide are mounted on goats. And under this design, then a log is laid for sawing. The process of its processing will occur quickly and without unnecessary labor costs.

It should be noted that the described technique is used exclusively for cutting trunks of small length. If you take a longer log, the guide will begin to sag. As a result, the trunk will not be able to cut efficiently and evenly.

We take a log and get boards from it!

Impeccably even cutting is obtained when using a leading ruler (a special guide is often used instead), which is commonly called a direct template. It is, in fact, a small machine, recommended for cases where work with wood is performed more or less regularly. Such a miniature sawmill for longitudinal sawing has a cost of 10 thousand rubles. If you apply it "once in a hundred years", it is better to do without, which was described above.

Both the factory device and the do-it-yourself design cut logs according to the same pattern. Longitudinal cutting is carried out using a special chain. Finding her is not easy. But there is a way out. Sawing trunks along can be done with a conventional chain. You just need to carefully sharpen it at a 10-degree angle. Important point! The tool quickly loses its original sharpness during operation. Therefore, it must be constantly sharpened so that cutting logs into boards does not cause difficulties, and the geometry of the resulting products meets the stated requirements.

Sawing a log into even boards with a chainsaw equipped with a device is performed as follows:

1. Take two straight and strong boards. Connect them at right angles to each other. The result is a reliable straight template.
2. Make the simplest stops from wooden blocks. Support the template they made.
3. Place the barrel on the fixture.
4. Fix the frame on the tire, attach the supporting elements supporting the leading ruler to the ends of the logs. The last operation requires horizontal installation. Use the building level for control.
5. Secure all existing elements with self-tapping screws. Some craftsmen use nails for this purpose, which is undesirable. After cutting the logs into boards, you will have to dismantle the used fasteners. It will be difficult to do this without tangible damage to the structure.
6. Fix the template to the supports, adjust it in height. Nuance. The cut will go somewhere 10 mm above the level of the ruler, and not strictly along it. Take this into account when adjusting the height.
7. Turn the log. Turn on the chainsaw. Making the first cut.

Then you need to release the log from the stops and boards, fix the template on the cut surface so that it looks in the direction of the second cut. The ruler can be fixed with supports to the ends or directly to the surface of the trunk. Make a second cut. In relation to the first, it will be perpendicular.

Next, turn the log, fix it. The line can be removed. We will perform further sawing without it - one of the cut sides of the trunk will act as a guide. You need to adjust the thickness of the cut on the frame, saw off the log to get a bark with bark on only one side. Now turn the barrel again. Set up the frame. Carry out the final sawing - you get boards at your disposal. If their width is not important to you, there is no need to cut the trunk under the timber. Simply cut the workpiece to the middle, turn it 180°, then continue the operation you started.

We saw the trunk across - there will be no difficulties!

As you can see, longitudinal sawing with a chainsaw is a rather laborious process. If you want to get logs by sawing the trunk across, and then make boards out of them, the operation will be impractical due to the large expenditure of effort. Most often, transverse cutting is used when it is necessary to make summer outdoor furniture from wood - tables, benches, small benches. It is also recommended for the preparation of firewood and for decoration with the help of sawn logs. In such situations, the logs are cut into small (up to 15 cm) discs.

The cross cutting process is as follows:

1. Place the trunk on a 70-80-meter high goats (they should be as stable as possible).
2. Remove the bark from the wood, if any.
3. Make a small cut. It will play the role of a guide groove.
4. Turn the stem to be processed 90°. The tire of the gas tool must go strictly along the intended groove.
5. If you need logs, put notches on the tree with an ax.
6. Sawing the trunk.

Cross and longitudinal sawing of logs must be carried out in compliance with safety standards. It is advisable to perform work in tight clothing, gloves, glasses, headphones. Prepare a first aid kit in advance - a chainsaw is a potentially unsafe tool that can cause serious injury to a person. Always move the saw along the guide only forward and do not try to push it harder. The tool must move freely.

The chainsaw must not be lifted above the shoulders. The instrument should only be launched on the ground. In this case, the chain brake must be in the engaged state. His vacation is carried out just before the start of cutting logs. Do not fill the gasoline container if the saw has been recently used. Wait for the tool and fuel tank to cool down. Take care of the safe performance of work. And then independent sawing of tree trunks will not lead to sad consequences. Good luck.

Boards and timber are one of the main building materials. But not everyone has the financial means to buy ready-made boards. In such situations, one of the ways out is to independently harvest wood on a plot taken from the forestry.

The advantage of a chainsaw as a tool for sawing logs

You can cut a log using a sawmill, a gas or electric saw and additional devices. When choosing one of these tools, the scope of the work ahead should be taken into account. The cost of the cheapest stationary sawmill, together with all components, is 150 thousand rubles. A chainsaw is much cheaper. It is more convenient than an electric saw for the following reasons:

It does not require electricity to operate the tool - this makes it possible to use the chainsaw on the plots.
It is more powerful than the electric saw.
Starts smoothly and allows you to conveniently adjust the speed, which reduces the likelihood of chain breaks.
The operation of the inertial brake is faster than that of an electric saw.
Long working time without interruption - up to one hour.
Can be used in high humidity conditions.

Types of working nozzles

When sawing logs with a chainsaw, various nozzles are used.

Nozzle for longitudinal cutting. It is used for sawing logs along, the process takes place in a horizontal position. After work, the master receives the same thickness of the product. Finished materials are subjected to a drying process, after which the boards are used in construction. By appearance the device is a small frame, it is attached to the tire on each side.

Drum debarker (rounder). With the help of such a nozzle it is easy to dissolve the log, it works due to the V-belt transmission. It is attached to the belts on both sides, for this purpose special pulleys are used. The speed of rotation of the shaft depends on the size of the pulleys, so the performance of the nozzle is easy to change. This technology forces the master to carefully monitor each stage of the process, some specialists use an assistant during this cut. But this option requires increased security measures.
Sawing with a lightweight nozzle. The method is not very productive, but is used quite often. The element is fastened on one side, but the workpieces are slightly uneven. Such materials are necessary for the construction of sheds or fences.

Features of sawing with a homemade tool

You can easily cut a log into boards with the help of a self-made tool. It's easy to make. To do this, follow these steps:

As a support, you need to use a frame from a school desk or a pipe with a section in the form of a square, its optimal size is 20x20, and more is allowed.
It is necessary to build two clamps, mount a cross member with two holes for the tie bolts at one end, and make a protrusion for the tire in the middle.
For longitudinal sawing of a log into boards, you need to make a support frame, its width should be seven to eight centimeters less than the length.
Then two parts ten centimeters long are welded to both sides, holes are made for the bolts, a handle is attached in the middle for ease of operation.
Then you need to insert the clamps into the grooves, install the tire, carefully fix everything.

It is not difficult to work with a home-made tool, this will require goats, they will serve as a support. In addition, you need to prepare a metal rail or board to use it as a guide. A log is laid from below, the required height for work is set.

The procedure for performing preparatory work

To cut a log lengthwise, you need to perform the following sequence of actions:

Take two straight boards and attach one to the other at a right angle. The result is a strong leading ruler.
To maintain the manufactured ruler, you need to make stops from the boards.
The movement of the trunks must be performed using a tilter.
The log should be placed on a comfortable base.
On the chainsaw tire using nuts, you need to fix the frame.
The supports of the leading ruler must be attached to the ends of the log, checking the horizontal position with a level.
Self-tapping screws must be used to fix all brackets and structural elements. Nails are not suitable for these purposes, since it is difficult to remove them in the future without causing damage to structural details.
The leading ruler must be attached to the supports with brackets and its height adjusted, taking into account that the cut will not go along it, but approximately one centimeter higher.
The log must be rotated and the second board must be fixed in such a way that it rests on the ground and supports the log.

The procedure for performing basic work

Now you need to start the chainsaw and make the first cut.
Next, you need to free the log from the stops and boards and attach the leading ruler on the cut surface of the log in the direction of the next cut. The ruler is fastened directly to the surface or to the ends of the log using supports. The second cut is made perpendicular to the first cut.
The log must be turned and fixed with a board point-blank to the ground.
A guide ruler is not required to perform the following steps. One of the cut sides serves as a guide.
It is necessary to adjust the thickness of the cut on the frame and saw off the log from the other side in such a way that you get a bar with bark remaining on only one side.
This beam must be turned over and fixed in such a way that the fixing point of the fixing board is as low as possible.
Then it is necessary to adjust the frame to the required thickness of the board and saw the timber into boards.

Safety rules when performing work

Do not use the saw blade without the guard.
Wear earmuffs, gloves, goggles, heavy clothing and a respirator.
Do not pour fuel into the hot tank of the tool, you need to wait until it cools down.
Children must not be allowed in the work area.
It is necessary to start the tool on the ground with the chain brake applied, which must be released just before starting to cut.
You should always have a first aid kit on hand.
When working, you need to hold the chainsaw by the handle of the arc, moving it forward along the guide. Do not press hard on the chainsaw - it should move freely.
Right-handers should place the log on their right side, left-handers on their left.

What you can’t do with a chainsaw - with the help of various attachments, this tool becomes very multifunctional. Don't know how to cut a log into planks with a chainsaw? Now let's not talk about that!

Chainsaw - a tool for all occasions

Most owners do not even imagine what possibilities are hidden in this seemingly single-functional tool. It's about what functions, in addition to sawing logs for firewood, a chainsaw can perform in skillful hands. But just think - the tool is completely autonomous, filled the tank with fuel, and work where it is convenient for you!

A wide range of work determines a powerful, compact and safe gasoline engine, which has a very unpretentious "character" and the ability to work in the most difficult conditions. What else is good about a chainsaw is its sealed fuel supply system, which, in combination with a membrane-type carburetor, allows it to work in a variety of positions, except perhaps upside down. In addition, the designers have provided reliable protection of the nodes from overloads and breakdowns in the form of a centrifugal clutch.

Take a look at the chainsaw from a different point of view - you are holding an amazing tool in your hands! After all, this is a universal drive for the most different kind devices that can not only cut wood, but also cut metal and stone, pump water, drill wells and even serve as a low-power engine!

DIY multitool

The most popular nozzle, which is even produced by chainsaw manufacturers themselves, is a chainsaw nozzle, which turns a chainsaw into an autonomous similarity to a grinder. The nozzle device is a bearing unit with a shaft, with a pulley installed at one end, which is driven by a V-belt. At the other end there is a mandrel for fixing abrasive wheels. Changing circles, such a grinder chainsaw will be able to cut stone, tile, brick and even metal. Of course, the circle is hidden in protective cover, without which the work would be such a tool clean water playing roulette - lucky or not!

Of course, there are a lot of people who will call this method folly, because you can buy a normal one and not suffer from changing some nozzles! However, in practice, the idea is completely justified - high-speed saws equipped with such nozzles work just as well as ordinary angle grinders. Of course, they cannot compete with professional powerful tools, but they justify themselves in the household. This device has two indisputable advantages - autonomy of work and saving money.

Another professional nozzle that can be bought in specialized stores is the so-called debarkers. Their functions just correspond to the purpose of the chainsaw and, in fact, increase its capabilities - in addition to sawing wood with the help of debarkers, it can be processed, namely, it can be cleaned of bark, growths and branches, as well as cut grooves in logs, which is useful in the construction of wooden log cabins, and flatten the rounded surface.

Debarkers are divided into disk and drum. The former are used to cut recesses and mounting grooves, and the drum ones are used to remove bark from logs, they are also called rounders. The device is a drum or cutter fixed in a bearing assembly. The device is driven by a V-belt transmission; for this, there is a special pulley on the axis. Given the change in the diameter of the pulley and the number of revolutions of the engine, it is possible to change the speed of such a tool for optimal wood processing.

With the help of a chainsaw and the appropriate nozzle, you can not worry about emergency water supply at home if necessary - you can make a pump from this woodworking tool in a few minutes!

In fact, the nozzle is a conventional centrifugal pump that is attached to the saw and is powered by the same pulley and belt. The principle of operation is the same as for all centrifugal pumps- one hose is lowered into the water, the second serves as a pressure hose. Before starting work, a liquid is poured into the engine through the plug, which is necessary for the pump to “grab” the pumped water. The turbine, during rotation, creates a reduced pressure inside, due to which the water is pumped out. The device is, in fact, the simplest, but imagine what use it can be when Vacation home de-energized, and the issue of water supply must be resolved urgently!

With the help of special nozzles, a chainsaw can be turned into a drill or a winch, and even into outboard motor, capable of speeds up to 20 km / h with a fuel consumption of 1 l / h. However, these are already rarer cases, while devices for longitudinal sawing of logs, or, as they are called, mini-sawmills, are quite common.

How to cut a log into boards with a chainsaw - vertical nozzle

First of all, it should be noted that no one sets himself the task of making a professional cut of a log with a minimum amount of waste. For professional work an appropriate tool is also needed, however, a nozzle for longitudinal sawing of logs will solve many small problems in the household. Imagine, for example, that an old pear tree withered in your garden, and you just needed a few boards to fill a hole in the barn. Instead of using a tree trunk for firewood, you can use a nozzle to get the material you need.

Devices for longitudinal sawing of logs are divided into vertical and horizontal. Most simple device is the first option: the adapter is attached to the tire at its base, and with the help of a guide bar, the straightness of the movement of the adapter is ensured. This whole structure is attached to the board, which is a stop for cutting and at the same time a guide. The accuracy of such a device is not high - it can be used to cut rough boards or give a log a simple square shape, however, such a device is assigned appropriate tasks.

How to cut a log lengthwise - sawing horizontally!

A much greater cutting accuracy is provided by a horizontal structure, which is a rigid frame attached to the chainsaw tire in two places - at the base and at its end. Attachment points can be moved, providing the required width of cut. Of course, such a device is intended for small logs, the diameter of which will not be greater than the length of the tire.

Using the guide element, you can set the required thickness of the boards. The most difficult thing will be to make the first horizontal cut - in order to get an even saw cut of wood, you need to attach an additional guide frame to the log, which will serve as a base surface for emphasis. At the subsequent stages of dissolving the log on the boards, the already flat surface of the previous saw cut serves as the surface for the stop and guide.

It is quite easy to work with such a design. Before sawing a log along, it must be well fixed along the entire length - the less it vibrates, the smoother the cut will be.. To avoid jamming of the chainsaw bar, small wedges are constantly inserted into the cut to prevent clamping. It should be noted that no matter how hard we try, there will be quite a lot of waste compared to a conventional sawmill. To begin with, give the log a square shape by sawing off the top layer from all sides, and only then proceed directly to the dissolution of the log into boards.

It will not be difficult for craftsmen to make nozzles of this kind with their own hands to work with welding and metal - the corresponding schemes on the Internet are not uncommon, and from the material you will need several square hollow pipes, nuts and screws.

Sawing wood is a cycle of actions using a variety of technologies aimed at obtaining sawn timber from round timber suitable for further use in industry. The duration and labor intensity of the process depend on the chosen method of processing round timber, as well as the time of year.

Tool and equipment

Trunks and large-sized branches go into production. All material is divided into groups according to the thickness and presence of bark. Often, wood processing enterprises have workshops near the harvesting site, in which machines are installed for the initial processing of wood.

Manual debarking of the forest

The wood that has not passed the debarking stage can be used on the construction of floors or as a ridge beam in the corresponding interior, or as a supporting device during construction.

Industrial debarking

If another option for using the tree is planned, then sawing is carried out, resulting in the following segments:

unedged and semi-edged (rough material from which the bases of the floor, walls or ceiling are mounted);
edged (designed for finishing flooring).

The sawing can be carried out by a field organization that has all essential tool.

Tree sawing map

The rational use of the material is ensured by compliance with the sawing map. This allows you to reduce the cost due to waste, the percentage of which the card can significantly reduce. The used tools and types of forest processing equipment depend on the volume, desired quality and size of the finished lumber.

Most often use a circular saw and various machines:

the circular saw allows you to make precise cuts of various directions. Suitable for both professional and home use, perfectly copes with the diameter of the round timber above the average;
chainsaw;
machines for clean removal of bark;
sawing for band sawmill makes it possible to process dense logs, is considered the most popular, since the output is high-quality material and a small amount of waste;
disk machine: production of two-edged timber and not edged boards;
a frame sawmill does not need a foundation, the technology with its use allows you to install equipment in close proximity to the cutting site;
the thinner is processed by universal machines, the output gives high-quality building materials even from low-grade whips;
sawing roundwood at a large woodworking enterprise should be carried out with the largest number lumber, differing from the rest in special quality and exact dimensions. For this purpose, special lines are installed for sawing.

At the sawmill, a beam and an edged board are obtained due to the cut of a log up to 7 m long and 15-80 cm in diameter along the longitudinal line. The circular saw has one or more discs, it processes different diameters of the forest according to their number.

If at home it is necessary to process a small amount of wood, then you can use a regular chainsaw.

cutting wood

Before choosing a tool, you need to decide on the type of cut, focusing on the annual rings of the log. There are several types:

radial (along the radius);
tangential (the cut is parallel to one radius, touches the annual rings);
the fibers are arranged parallel to the cut being made.

Among the cutting methods, the one that is most suitable for a particular case is selected:

Razval. Sawing wood in this way is carried out for deciduous trees with a small trunk thickness, it is considered the simplest processing. Exit: unedged elements and slabs.
If there is another woodworking machine, then it is possible to cut up to 65% of the material to produce edged boards of the same width. First, a two-edged timber and boards are sawn from the sides, and then a certain amount of edged lumber is obtained from the timber.
More specific methods are sector and segment sawing. The number of elements in the first method varies from 4 to 8, and depends on the thickness of the trunk. After separation, elements are sawn from each sector along a tangential or radial line. The second method begins with the exit of the beam from the central part, and boards are sawn from the side segments in a tangential direction.
For individual sawing of wood, the circular method is suitable. It is based on turning the log along the longitudinal line by 90° after each sawn board. This allows you to monitor the quality of wood and timely remove the affected areas of the trunk.

Handmade: chainsaw application

For home cutting of several trunks, it is not advisable to purchase a tool whose cost is several times higher than the price of finished products. If you have the necessary skill, then it is more efficient and cheaper to do the whole necessary work conventional chainsaw, or chain equipment powered by electricity. Of course, such work requires much more physical costs and time, but the price of the issue is significantly reduced.

Work on garden plot needs pruning fruit trees, and it also becomes possible to additionally produce material for outbuildings without resorting to the services of specialists, so that any zealous owner would prefer to buy a chainsaw. Most often, conifers are harvested for the home, and this tool does an excellent job of sawing them. Thanks to even trunks, it is easier to outline the cut lines, which increases the speed of work. Professionals, by the way, most often use a chainsaw, since it is more powerful than an electric one and you can use it anywhere, regardless of whether there is a cutting or sawing of power supplies at the site.

To work with a chainsaw for cutting logs, you will need such a device as a nozzle on the saw, as well as saw cut guides and base-trunk fixers. The nozzle in the form of a frame is attached to the tool so that it remains possible to adjust the distance between the chain and the frame itself. This is done to enable the output of finished lumber, different in thickness. For the role of the guide, you can take either a profile of the desired length, or a flat wooden plank with sufficient rigidity. A special chain is selected for the tool, designed to cut the trunk along. Its difference from the rest is in the teeth, sharpened at a certain angle.

Before starting work, it is necessary not only to prepare all the necessary tools. Regardless of whether a woodworking machine or a manual device is intended for processing the trunk, the first step is to familiarize yourself with the cut map. This is done in order to minimize the percentage of waste, and increase the yield of useful products.

The first thing you need to worry about when ripping is the uniform density of the finished boards. To do this, a competent sawmiller directs the tool from the east side of the log to the west, or in the opposite direction. This is due to the greater density of round timber in its northern part than in the southern.

Next, the slab is removed from both sides with a chainsaw in such a way as to obtain a two-edged beam. It, in turn, is sawn in accordance with the sawing scheme chosen at the beginning of the work. The output gives an unedged board. If there is a certain percentage of defects in the trunk, then a circular cut is possible with the trunk turning at a right angle or 180 °.

Quantity of finished material, cut price

The output of useful material from coniferous and hardwood differs in percentage terms. For lumber obtained from coniferous trees, are characterized by the following indicators:

provided that the operation is carried out by a professional and a sawmill is used, the percentage of finished wood will be the highest (80-85%);
edged material, which is given by machines, averages 55-70%;
unedged board when working with a chainsaw leaves up to 30% of waste.

The figures are given without taking into account the finished rejected wood, the amount of which can reach 30%. However, such material is used for products that allow a certain marriage.

Deciduous round timber gives 60% of the finished unedged wood and about 40% of the trimmed wood. This is due to the initial curvature of the round timber. You can increase the amount of products received: this will require woodworking machines of various kinds. A certain kind of fixture can increase the amount of lumber by 10-20%. For one cube of lumber, you will need about 10 cubes of hardwood round timber. Installation price additional equipment will pay off the cost of the finished wood. Special lines give more volume, but their use is advisable only on a large area. average price sawing wood at a conventional sawmill will be approximately 150-180 rubles per cubic meter of boards.

sawing map

The sawing map is a calculation of the optimal amount of finished lumber from one log. It can be calculated independently for each specific log diameter, or you can use a computer program that greatly facilitates the calculation, and the price of which is quite affordable.

Or the source can be a regular guide to sawmilling. The result is a table that is taken as a basis. The sawmill must always be oriented to its data, in order to obtain more lumber of any kind of wood.

Many masters have developed their own methods of wood processing, many years of experience with machines and makes it possible to significantly reduce the process. To get high-quality material, sawing on a band sawmill is necessary, taking into account all factors, observing the rules for operating the device.

Calculation features

The log is installed in the guide rollers with its fixation in the clamps. The amount of material obtained is calculated based on the diameter of the log. The correct calculation of the type and quantity of material also affects its quality.

An experienced sawmiller, having looked at the log, is already able to determine all the parameters of the future material, immediately find the butt and top of the log. The diameter of the butt is larger than the top. The thickness of the slab will depend on the accuracy of the calculation.

The diameter of the log must be measured from the top. Further actions of the wizard:

There are practically no perfectly straight trunks. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully examine all the bends, bulges.
Rotate the log so that the minimum amount of waste in the form of a slab is obtained.
When installing a log, make sure that it moves freely in the guides.
On the ruler of the sawmill, set the dimension according to the diameter of the log plus the maximum height of the bulge.
The size of the bulge is determined from the difference in the diameter of the butt and top.
The tape measure measures the size of the highest part, from the result obtained, the countdown of the dimensions of the material begins.
The master must take into account the size of the cut 2-5 mm.

log turning

When approaching the remainder of the log height to the right size it is turned over. If you need to get a beam with a thickness of 150 mm, the sawn width and the remaining height of the log should be slightly larger than this size, taking into account the slab.

When the log is upside down, the remaining height after the cut is made is measured and the material is calculated before using this dimension completely.

Calculation example:

The rest of the log height after cutting is 270 mm. The goal is to get a beam with a thickness of 150 mm: 270–150 \u003d 120 mm.
From 120 mm it is necessary to obtain a block of 50 mm: 120–60–3=57 mm. The value of 3 mm is given for propyl.
Tesina 25 mm: 67–25–3 = 40 mm.
Podgorbyl 25 mm: 40–25–3=12 mm.
Slab 12 mm.

Further obtaining of lumber is achieved by turning the log at an angle of 90 degrees and similar calculations. One of the common mistakes is not taking into account the allowance for cut or adding more times. The master needs to be careful.

Sawing technology

The sawing technology is selected taking into account the type of wood, the size of the log, design features sawmills.

Quality of raw material

The cutting efficiency depends on the quality of the raw materials. First you need to evaluate the wood, sort the logs. Sorting is carried out according to the appearance of the log. Main signs:

curvature;
the volume of the false nucleus;
number of knots;
diameter.

The log is divided into 4 equal sides. A facet that does not have knots, cracks, rot, scars, chips, or damage from insects is considered clean. From here the lumber of the most High Quality.

Logs intended for sawing must be stored in accordance with the requirements. The sooner after cutting the tree the log gets into sawing, the easier it is to work with it. In dried raw materials, the saw can give a wave, and the thickness of the boards will change. The most valuable wood is outside the log, quality drops towards the center.

sawing methods

In the process of sawing, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the board, the compensation of the taper, the flip of the log. Craftsmen can cut on a band sawmill in three ways.

Simple sawing

The log is subject to sawing to the end with the receipt of unedged boards, but the coup is not performed. The method is simple and fast, but has disadvantages. The resulting boards must then be cut from the sides.

Lumber comes out of poor quality with a lot of waste. The central boards crack easily, the method is suitable for working with low-grade wood.

circular sawing

Having made a cut, the sawyer turns the log over to another side, and so on in a circle to the remaining central part. For medium and higher grades of wood raw materials, the method is the best, but it is difficult to turn the log over at individual sawmills. Suitable for sawmills with hydraulics.

Sawing timber

The beginning of the cut is made in a circle, and the central part is left in the form of a certain size of the beam. Sawing timber ensures maximum productivity of the sawmill, the method is used for sawing medium and low grade logs.

First cut

It is important to choose the edge of the sawn wood to start processing. When sawing timber and circular processing, craftsmen use 2 methods.

The worst side is to be cut first, the taper of the log is not taken into account. Taking into account such a feature means tilting, raising the log so that the saw runs parallel to the bark. Short boards and a large amount of slabs will come out of this part.

Since the taper is not taken into account, from the best edge of the log, the sawing will go parallel to the bark without tilting and lifting, this approach will allow you to get the maximum of long boards of good quality.

Start by sawing the best side of the log, but take into account the taper. That is, set the log so that the saw is directed parallel to the bark.

The result will be the same, but in the second method it is easier for the sawmiller to choose the best edge, since it is visible. In the first method, the best part is hidden and inaccuracies are possible when installing the log. If the wood being cut is of high quality, both methods work in the same way. With raw materials of lower quality, it is better to use the second method.

log flip

If the turn is made by 180 degrees, unedged boards are obtained, requiring additional processing from the sides, and then the half-beam is sawn into an edged board.

With a turn of 90 degrees, unedged and semi-edged boards are obtained with the need to trim from one side. The 180° flip sawing method will produce more valuable wide boards. But if the edge trimming machine is equipped with only one saw, 90 degree flipping is convenient.

After sawing opposite edges, the worst of the remaining faces is cut first, but this option does not take into account the taper. But the high quality edge must be sawn parallel to the bark, which increases the yield of quality lumber.

Common mistakes and fixes

Masters are aware of a number of situations that adversely affect the material processing process.

When entering the material, the saw jumps up, but after that it works normally, at the end the power drops. The reason is often a large sharpening angle of the teeth, it must be reduced by 5 degrees.

Entering the wood, the saw rises, then the craftsmen get a curved board. The reason is that the sharpening angle exceeds the norm, and the wiring is insufficient. It is necessary to increase the sharpening angle by 4-6 degrees, and slightly increase the divorce.

After the dives, the saw goes smoothly, the sawmill gives several reasons: blunting of the cutting blade, a small sharpening angle. If the shape of the tooth corresponds to the standard, it is necessary to increase the sharpening angle.

The saw comes with constant dives. Small sharpening angle with insufficient wiring.

There is a large amount of sawdust on the surface of the boards, the setting of the teeth is increased.

Sawdust hot and pressed - underestimated divorce.

The cut is obtained in the form of a wave. If the saw is quite sharp, then the wiring is insufficient. Too little setting sometimes leads to saw blade breakage.

The fabric is cracking at its trailing edge. The rear stops of the rollers, in which the log lies, are far from the trailing edge. It is necessary to set the distance less than 0.3 mm.

Rolling sawdust on the saw blade. Small set of teeth, you need to increase the set.

Rolling sawdust on the inner surface of the tooth, they are not on the canvas. Poor tooth sharpening (high feed rate, excessive metal removal). Additional reasons - the sharpening angle is large, the saw was used after the blade was blunted.

After sharpening at the cavity of the tooth, the blade cracks. The geometry of the tooth is broken or the stone for sharpening is carelessly refueled.

Setting up a sawmill

Choice of coolant

Sawing on a band saw with water for lubrication is not correct. It is better not to use lubricant until the sawdust “runs” on the saw. If this happens, the optimal treatment is: 1/2 chainsaw tire lubricating oil, 1/2 diesel oil. The mixture is applied on both sides of the saw blade, but the amount of cooling solution is small.

Such a lubricant will extend the life of the sawmill pulleys and reduce the number of boards with traces of flowering.

Releasing tension

The cloth in the process of sawing is heated, which is why it stretches in length. After cooling, the desire for compression begins. At this point, overload occurs due to excess tension, cracks may appear.

The blade remembers the shape of the pulleys, deformation of the pulley belts occurs, which can lead to vibration of the blade. The hump on the belts is jammed, which ensures self-centering of the saw. When you stop sawing, the tension on the saw must be removed.

Band saw wiring

The optimal wiring is considered when between the saw blade and the sawn wood is a mixture of 2/3 sawdust and 1/3 air. If 80% sawdust is thrown out, the saw is set correctly.

In the presence of a lot of loose sawdust on the cut, and scratches on the surface of the board, the saw spread is more than necessary. The saw at the same time functions jerkily. With insufficient divorce, hot sawdust, tightly pressed, will remain on the surface of the boards during the sawing process, this situation has a detrimental effect on the saw. And after cutting the wood, waves will remain on the material.

Before sawing, the logs are sorted by diameter:

For a larger diameter, the divorce increases, but it is performed only on 1/3 of the tooth from above.
For soft wood, the divorce should be increased, sharpening should be done after preparing the equipment with the obligatory observance of the shape of the tooth.

The indicator of the divorce device works in a busy mode and often goes astray, therefore it is necessary to constantly check it.

Sawing speed

Increasing the sawing speed will result in a cleaner cut, but the life of the saw will be shortened. If the cut quality drops, the feed rate must be reduced. For the initial 5 minutes, the equipment operation indicator should not be more than 1/2 of the maximum value.

Preparation for work

During operation, the sawmill requires adjustment, verification of all its important nodes. The most significant part of the device is band saws.

Before starting work, you must:

Check whether parts and screw connections are securely fastened.
Lubricate rubbing surfaces.
Check the reliability of grounding.
Turn on the electric motor at idle, check how the belt moves.
Check the installation of the band saw, adjusting if necessary.
To reduce the saw blade deflection, move the left roller 5–10 cm from the side edges of the tree.
raise band saw over the log and check its reverse motion.
Check fastening protective covers saws, gear transmission, wedge-repair transmission.