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Do-it-yourself ejector pump drawings. What is an ejector: device and principle of operation of the pump. Centrifugal pump with ejector - do it yourself

The same article provides a sketch of this ejector. But how exactly to do it, it turned out to be incomprehensible to many.

I’ll make a reservation right away that in the process of writing this article, I did not make this ejector. AT this moment I don’t need it, but I can make it at any time, spending an hour and a half on it.

And yet I will start a little from afar so that there are as few questions as possible.

Names and conventions.

Having visited my wife's parents in the Ulyanovsk region, I was surprised to find that salespeople in plumbing stores do not always understand what I am asking them for, although I did not experience such problems in St. Petersburg. Therefore, I would very much like you and I to speak the same language and understand each other, especially in terms of names and designations related to plumbing.

In plumbing, it is customary to designate parts and threads on them with symbols that are understandable, however, to anyone who speaks and writes in Russian. The size or diameter of the thread, most often, is indicated in inches: ½, ¾, 1½. This also indicates that the thread on the parts is not metric, but conical - pipe. The letters next to the thread designation indicate what kind of thread it is: internal ( AT) or outer ( H).

For example, shorthand: angle ¾ H x ½ B means a reducing elbow (or elbow adapter) that has one end with a ¾” or 20 mm male pipe thread and the other end with a ½” or 15 mm female pipe thread. Once again I will clarify, the letter " AT » in this designation means not external thread ( external no thread, yes outdoor ), but only internal .

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Reviews (50) on "Homemade ejector for a pumping station."

Hello, please tell me, I have a 16m well on the street. It has a 5m column of water. A well with a 110 pipe, if I hammer a 32 pipe to the same level, will there be a larger column of water in it?

Hello Valentine.
Well, it will be ... a couple of centimeters ... due to the forces of surface tension. And what's the point in that? If a pump can be lowered into the 110th pipe, at least the “Kid”, if funds are constrained. Then even the check valve is not very stuffed into the 32nd pipe. The larger the diameter of the "well", the easier it is to get water out of it. I think so.

Of course, I apologize, but from a pump for lifting water, make another vacuum pump to lift the same water .... this is complete nonsense, what is 2-3 meters of water? This is 0.002 bar of pressure. Such a station should provide 2 bar pressure in the water supply.

I forgive you, Sergey 🙂 . Although you wrote complete nonsense. The combination of several types of pumps in one housing, not to mention the combination of several pumps of the same type in one housing (multi-disk, poly-impeller), is not nonsense, but the reality and everyday life of our days.
And 2-3 meters of water column is not 0.002 Bar, but 0.2-0.3 Bar, i.e. 100 times more than you think. So repeat the physics course from school curriculum and don't show your ignorance to anyone. No need…

Tell me please. I have a well depth of 32m, the water table is about 5m from the station. Station Polish JET-100A(a) with a tank of 24 l. Holds good water pressure for about 30 seconds when starting. Then the pressure drops sharply, as a result, the tank per cube is gaining somewhere in 6 hours. Experts say that the well debit is small. If so, is it possible to raise it. Neighbors at a distance of 50 m from my well keep the pressure well.

Hello Andrey.
Yes, the small flow rate of the well is probably to blame. However, this is easy to check by measuring the water level (distance to the water surface) before turning on the pump and immediately after. Key moment here, how quickly after the pressure drop you can measure this level, because, usually, in a well, even with a small flow rate, the level is restored quite quickly.
Unfortunately, as a rule, the flow rate of a well is its characteristic, which is almost unchanged throughout its life, and can only fall over time if the “operation rules” and some other natural circumstances are not observed. The flow rate grows a little only in the off-season, when the amount of groundwater increases. But this leads to their worst filtration in soils.
However, the flow rate of the well also depends on the depth from which water is extracted. This determines the so-called dynamic water level in the well, which depends on the flow rate of the well (naturally), the amount of water delivered by the pump and the depth from which this water is extracted. The last moment is determined by the pressure difference between the water column in the well and the pressure in the aquifer, from which water enters the well. Thus, it turns out that the lower the level drops (the water column decreases), the greater the well flow rate will be. Because the water pressure in the aquifer can be considered constant.
So the only solution to the problem in your case would be to install a submersible pump instead of a surface pump, which has a limit on the depth of water delivered. It is possible to add an external ejector to the surface pump to increase the depth, if its capacity allows it and it is enough to lift water from a greater depth.
In both cases, it is desirable to find this very balance between the amount of incoming and delivered water, that is, to find the same dynamic level empirically. If this does not work out at full load of the pump, you can try to reduce the flow of water through the pump by covering, for example, a tap at its pressure.

Is it possible to create a vacuum in the tank with one (!) ejector pump (so that the water boils at 45 degrees) and mix the water in the same tank?
Thank you.

Hello, Alexander. Hmm, interesting question 🙂.
Purely theoretically, this is possible. However, in practice, it is almost impossible to do this for two reasons:
1. In order for water to start boiling at 45 degrees Celsius, you need to create a vacuum (vacuum) of minus 0.9 atm, i.e. so that the real pressure in this tank is 0.1 atm. This is at the limit of the capabilities of ejector pumps, which, let me remind you, can lift water from a depth of 9.0 meters, which corresponds to just such a rarefaction. But as the temperature of water rises, its density decreases. As a result, the pump, yes, will be able to create such a vacuum, but with a water temperature of no more than 7 degrees Celsius. As the water temperature rises, the vacuum created by the pump will decrease.
In addition, at the slightest flow of water through the pump in order to organize its mixing in the tank, the vacuum will also decrease both due to a decrease in the pressure drop in the pump itself and due to the volume of water entering the tank. However, this moment can be taken into account in advance and provide for adjustment.
2. The second reason is again related to the temperature and density of water in a vacuum. Even if you somehow manage to create such an installation in which the pump creates the vacuum necessary for boiling and ensures the mixing of water, for example, at a lower vacuum and a higher temperature, then as soon as the water boils, the pump will immediately stop working normally. Because when water boils, its density drops sharply. A pump designed for one density of the working medium, the medium (water) with a lower density simply will not be able to pump.
In industry, this problem is solved by spacing the tank and the pump in height, and the difference in height is decent, about 10 meters, in order to ensure, due to the height of the water column, the density of “boiling” water acceptable for the pump to work. True, the vacuum in the tank is created there in other ways.

Why do you need a "Vacuum Deaeration Unit"? Or is it a purely "academic" question? 🙂

I am a turner. For a number of reasons, I want to make an ejector vacuum pump that provides a vacuum of 0.1 atmospheres to see how water boils at 46 degrees.
I have drill-driven car cooling pumps and a truck-mounted air turbocharger.
The search engine offers many drawings when asked: "Ejector pump drawings". Help me choose the right one.
performance is the lowest. The main thing is rarefaction.
Thanks in advance.

Hello, Alexander.
In general, a rather strange desire 😉 . Moreover, there are more simple ways see how water boils at 45 degrees (by the way, nothing unusual, boils and boils, just a little less steam). And the ejector pump for such a case is not the best the best choice due to the difficulty of observing the gaps in its manufacture, namely, the ability of the pump to create the maximum vacuum for itself depends on them.
For such purposes, it is better to use a compressor or piston pump. The first one - easily pumps out excess air from the "viewing" tank, and nothing will happen to it, it has such a job - to pump out air. The second one easily creates maximum rarefaction at minimum performance, which is what you need. At the same time, on ensuring its density, the “dog was eaten” by everyone who is familiar with internal combustion engines firsthand, namely, increasing their compression. By the way, such a pump can be made from an internal combustion engine.
And a bit of a dumb question, how are you going to see it? After all, then you need a tank with a sealed viewing window that can withstand this pressure drop.
A car pump will not work, there are not those gaps. Yes, and her task is different: maximum performance with sufficient pressure, and most importantly, she works with suction pressure, and not under vacuum.
Air compressor maybe. It all depends on the pressure drop on it during operation (there are turbochargers that create only 3.0 atm, they don’t need more), and again the gaps. I don’t want to remember about the rest of the nuances of ensuring its operation (for example, lubrication), there are a lot of “interesting” things there ...
Well, returning to the ejector pump, i.e. I will clarify, to a pump with a built-in ejector ... The ejector itself is not a part with axial symmetry, and it is quite problematic to make it yourself, for example, from metal. Most often, in production, it is made of plastic, i.e. stamped-cast from several parts. Therefore, he "badly tolerates" high temperature water inside the pump. But the vacuum itself in the pump is not created by him, but by the impeller, which also has a rather complex design. The ejector only "helps" to level out possible cavitation due to some loss of pump efficiency. The vacuum at the suction of the pump is the greater, the better (more qualitatively) the necessary gaps are maintained between the impeller, the pump housing and the built-in ejector. So I don't know...

Hello. A very informative article from a practical person who understands physics well. Thank you. You would help me a lot, dispelling my doubts in my particular case. Will such a length of the “suction ejector” branch pipe affect the operation of the system, so that from the ejector to the “mirror” there are 5-6 meters?

Hello Dmitry.
Of course it will. An external ejector is still not a pump, but a passive device for increasing pressure in the suction line of the pump by reducing its (pump) performance. Accordingly, between the ejector and the pump, i.e. within the coverage area of the device, its efficiency is maximum. And the further the raised water is from the ejector, the worse it works.
Purely theoretically, with the help of an ejector it is possible to raise water if there are 5-6 meters between it and the water, in the event that a vacuum of at least a little more than these 0.5-0.6 atm is created at the suction of the ejector. But keep in mind that minus 0.5-0.6 atm is almost all that the pump can give out (minus 0.8-0.9 atm). But he still needs to raise water from the ejector to himself, for which a miserable 0.3 atm remains. And even if the pump can do this, its performance will be practically zero. The entire energy-work of the pump will be spent on circulating water through the ejector to maintain the above vacuum values plus overcoming the hydraulic resistance of the system.
So, in practice, there will be no sense in such a configuration of the system. Most likely, the pump will not be able to lift water under such conditions. That is why the external ejector for its greatest efficiency should be located in the water or very close to it. If this is not possible for some reason, then the problem will have to be solved somehow differently.
However, I still don't understand what the problem is. If there was more information, maybe I could help...

Thanks a lot for the detailed answer. I'm going to drill a well. About 10 meters to the water. Therefore, I had a small question, why not save on labor and casing pipes. That is, to break through the "Abyssinian" with an expansion in the upper part of the well for introduction to a small but sufficient height of the ejector unit. I don't need much water. The attached picture shows my thoughts.

Greetings Dmitry.
Your thought process is correct. And at this depth of water, everything should work. True, there is a classic way to solve such a problem. This is a caisson above the well. Two meters of depth will be enough for the surface pump installed in it to get water from a small diameter well without any problems. It is desirable, of course, that the check valve still stand on the suction pipe of the pump, and not on the well casing. In this case, a positive result is guaranteed. This option is also good because it immediately turns out a non-freezing place for the pump.
By the way, when implementing your option, the conditions with the check valve are the same. Which imposes some restrictions on the inner diameter of the well.

Hello, such a problem, I connect the pump to a well with a manual pump, pump water manually into the system, pour water into the pump, turn off the tap from the manual pump, there is water in the system, turn on the centrifugal pump, open the tap on it, but the water goes back even sucks from the pump , the reason is in the pump or in the connection diagram, the water surface is 6.5 m, the suction depth of the pump according to the characteristic is 9 m.

Homeowners and country houses quite often they face a common problem - the deep occurrence of groundwater. Conventional pumping equipment located on the surface is not always able to raise water to the surface, so ejector pumps must be used. pumping stations. These devices are much more efficient and allow you to get water from depths of no more than 50 meters, and then pump it for the needs of users.

To know everything technical specifications, as well as specific details correct use such equipment, you just need to carefully read this article, where there are answers to almost all questions that arise when installing similar equipment.

The ejector is a rather small in size, but very effective device that has simple design, so some users make it themselves. This is especially effective when the farm already has a pumping station with a powerful pump. various types. With an ejector, the equipment allows you to pump out without much effort clean water from a depth of 25 to 40 meters or more.

Using such optional equipment, each user saves money that would be spent on the purchase of expensive equipment. If you do not yet have a similar station, but only dug a well, then immediately purchase a product equipped with an ejector.

Principle of operation

The design of the ejector consists of the following elements:

suction chamber;
node where mixing takes place;
diffuser;
nozzle in the narrowest part.

The last detail is a branch pipe with a strongly narrowed end, due to this, the liquid receives additional acceleration and is released from the device at high speed.

According to Bernoulli's law, such a flow exerts a slight pressure on its environment, then it enters the mixer, where a significant vacuum is created, due to which additional volumes of water begin to flow from the suction chamber. Having united into a single stream, the liquid through the diffuser enters further into the pipeline.

In a similar design, the kinetic energy of a flow moving at a high speed is transferred to media that have a much lower speed, while new volumes of fluid are captured and transferred from the well through the pipeline to the distribution point of the water flow throughout the area. The pumping station with a remote ejector is equipped with two pipes: for injection and recirculation.

A similar design will allow the user to use less energy, and to control the volume of return flows, it is necessary to install a valve in the recirculation line, which will allow you to adjust the efficiency of the entire system to the desired level. Excess water is supplied to the consumer for his needs, the amount of incoming moisture per unit time determines the performance of the entire system.

By using less electric motor power for the pump, the user saves energy. In addition, the ejector greatly facilitates the initial start-up of the entire system, because with a very small amount of water, it creates the necessary vacuum in the pipeline and performs the first water intake, eliminating idle operation of all equipment.

Varieties

Pumping stations equipped with such original devices are available in two types:

The ejector is inside the structure. The whole design has a very compact size, the vacuum is created artificially, the recirculation line is located inside the product. For effective work a high power electric motor is required to run the pump on high speed, creating the desired suction power.
Advantages of this design:
- the product is less sensitive to foreign impurities that may be in the water;
- at the same time, the liquid supplied for the needs of the user does not need to be additionally filtered;
- the station provides the required amount of pressure for all household needs of the consumer - you can water the site and use the water inside the house at the same time.
Negative qualities:
- during operation, the equipment creates noise;
- for installation, it is necessary to equip a place with sound insulation or move the station further from the house.
The second option does not solve all the problems, because the neighbors will complain about the noise, so soundproofing is needed in this case, plus the cost of insulation - you need to equip a standard caisson.
The ejector is located outside the station - for this, a separate container is installed nearby, where the vacuum necessary for the operation of the entire installation will be created. The ejector is connected to a pipeline leading to a deep well - there are restrictions on the diameter of the connection flange.
- the design provides raising water from a depth of up to 50 meters;
- the sound effect is significantly reduced;
- installation of equipment is located in the basement of the building;
- distance from the well can be up to 40 m;
- the entire structure is located in one place, so it is much more convenient to carry out preventive maintenance and repair, such conditions increase the designated service life of all parts.
- performance decreases;
- there are small restrictions on the choice of diameter for a common pipeline.

Connection

In the case of a built-in ejector, the installation of equipment is not difficult: it is enough to connect the pipeline from the well to the suction inlet, check the hydraulic accumulator and the operation of the automation, which is entrusted with autonomous control of the entire system.

With an ejector outside the station, additional installation steps are added:

we lay the recirculation line from the pressure station, and connect the main pipe from the ejector to the suction pipe of the pump;
we must connect a check valve to the suction of the ejector so that the liquid does not pour out by gravity when the pump stops, as well as a filter element so that only clean water flows further.

As mentioned earlier, a valve can be inserted into the recirculation line for adjustment, and some designs already have such a device, its placement and adjustment methods are indicated in the operating instructions.

Rating of the best models

Ejector type: submersible
Suction depth: 30 m
Max head: 50 m
Productivity: 1752 l/h
Motor power: 770W
Design:
hydraulic tank volume - 20 l
exit hole diameter - 1¼ inch (31.8 mm)
water temperature - up to 40 °C
dry run protection
Weight: 17.2 kg
Design/Manufacturer: Russia/China

great purchase for suburban area or country house
works for 5 plus, normal cost

plastic thread at the connection point

The model was developed by domestic engineers, but is produced at the factories of the PRC, and therefore there are some flaws: plastic threads on the joints will not last long - you need to change it right away, and these are additional costs.

Ejector type: cast iron with anti-corrosion coating
Water depth: 27 m
Maximum head: 47 m
Suction rate: 3,600 l/h
Power consumption: 860 W
Design:
hydraulic tank volume - 18 l
exit diameter - 25.4 mm (1 inch)
Dimensions / Weight: 327x588x416 mm / 20 kg
Country of manufacture: Denmark

compact size, quiet operation
well-known company makes high-quality equipment

not found

This model is designed for private buildings in order to normalize the pressure inside the home plumbing with frequent drops, it does an excellent job of pumping water from deep wells.

SPERONI APM 150/25

Ejector type: submersible
Suction depth: 40 m
Max Head: 49m
Productivity: 1 500 l/h
Motor power: 1.5 kW
Design:
hydraulic tank volume - 25 l
centrifugal pump
protection against overheating and dry running
automatic water level control
Weight: 27 kg
Country of manufacture: Speroni APM, Italy

high-quality assembly, quiet, but very productive work
pumps water from deep wells without tension

not found

The model is made of materials High Quality, there is an automatic protection of the engine against overloads and operation without water, it is used in domestic and industrial water supply systems.

Pumping stations are in high demand among the population when arranging individual water supply due to their versatility and reasonable cost, their only serious drawback is the small depth of water intake, not exceeding 9 meters. For this problem, there is a simple engineering solution based on the physical Bernoulli's law - an ejector for a pumping station, with a similar device, a surface electric pump is capable of sucking water from deep sources at a distance of a water mirror from the earth's surface of tens of meters.

This device, when used with a surface pump, is useful in cases where the water level of the source with which the surface pump previously worked has fallen for some reason (silting of the well and well, intensive water intake).

At the same time, it should be understood that the price of obtaining a high suction depth is the low efficiency of the electric pump, because part of the raised water is sent back to the suction pipe to increase the kinetic energy of the inlet flow. This factor hinders the use of surface ejector electric pumps for lifting water from great depths - for these purposes, wells are drilled and submersible pumps are used, the head of which in a domestic version can reach up to 200 m.

Rice. 1 The device and appearance of the ejector for the water station

An ejector is a device in which two media are connected in a mixing chamber, while one of them moves at high speed and is fed through a narrowed nozzle, and the second fills the chamber in a natural way. The stream exiting the nozzle with acceleration transfers its kinetic energy to the moving medium, which is then carried away from the suction point. Also, a reduced pressure is created in the zone at the exit of the narrow section of the nozzle - this leads to the fact that the transported medium is simultaneously sucked in by the ejector.

The moving and accelerating media may have different physical state, in jet pumps, air or steam is supplied through a narrow nozzle, which heats the water stream and pushes it out at high speed.

Rice. 2 Ejector design

What is an ejector and why is it needed

The design of the ejector is not very complex, its main elements are:

Nozzle. It is a cylindrical branch pipe with a conical narrowing at the end. According to Bernoulli's law, as the cross section of the pipeline decreases, the pressure in it becomes lower, and the speed of the passing flow increases. Thus, there is a movement of the transported stream with high pressure into the low area (suction) and at the same time pushing it out with a jet of water, moving at high speed (transfer of kinetic energy).
suction pipe. Through this element of the ejector, the transported liquid enters it, usually its diameter exceeds the size of the inlet pipe of the nozzle.
Mixing chamber. In this node, two flows collide, while the kinetic energy from the auxiliary is transferred to the main one.
Neck. After mixing the two streams, the liquid enters the narrowed part, where its speed increases.
Diffuser. The element has a cone-shaped expansion at the end, as a result of which the pressure of the liquid at the outlet increases, and the flow rate decreases. The cross section of the diffuser is designed for connection to a pressure pipeline of standard diameter.

Rice. 3 Centrifugal pump - interior

The use of an ejector in domestic pumping stations is justified only in exceptional cases - when it is used, depending on the depth of immersion of the suction pipe, the efficiency drops by 50 - 70%, which leads to unjustified waste of electricity. Therefore, to draw water from great depths, everyone uses submersible electric pumps and drill wells for them. It is also more efficient because the efficiency submersible pumps higher than surface ones, which spend part of their energy on suction and raising the water column to the impeller (65% to 50% ratio).

On the pumping equipment market, there are still surface centrifugal electric pumps with built-in or remote ejectors, and in order to answer the question of why an ejector is needed in a pumping station, you should consider options for its use:

Dry summer or long periods of rainless weather. In this case, the static water level in the well or well decreases, and at a mark of more than 9 m from the surface, a conventional centrifugal surface pump will not be able to raise it. In this situation, you can connect an external ejector and use the source for some time with a loss of performance until the static level rises.
If there is a one-time intensive water intake. The situation may arise if a shallow source has a low flow rate (replenishment rate), and it is necessary to raise a large volume of water, for example, for a bath, filling containers for irrigation and other household needs in a private house, leading to a drop in level.
Operational lowering of the water mirror in the source. Any well on sand has a short service life and silts up over time, the same problem occurs with wells, so the static water level in them drops. Installing an ejector will allow you to raise water from depths of more than 9 meters before cleaning the source or solving problems by other methods.

Rice. 4 Ejector pumping stations

What are the pumping stations

The pumping station is a structure assembled into a monoblock, the main part of which is a centrifugal electric pump located above the hydraulic accumulator tank, its mandatory elements are a pressure switch and a pressure gauge fixed on a five-inlet fitting.

The principle of operation of a centrifugal electric pump is to supply the suction liquid to the center of the impeller with blades, which, when rotated, due to centrifugal force, push it out through the side outlet pipe.

A standard centrifugal pump has an inlet in the center of the hydraulic compartment and an outlet located perpendicular to its axis in the side, but there are pumps with a different design.

Rice. 5 Built-in ejector - diagram

Stations with built-in ejector

Pumping stations with a built-in ejector incorporate a centrifugal electric pump, in the hydraulic part of which an ejector unit is located. The principle of operation of such a system is quite simple - the suction water enters the centrifugal impeller, which throws it out through the side pipe. At the same time, part of the liquid, to which the rotation of the wheel has given kinetic energy, is directed through the ejector channel to the nozzle and is pushed out of it under pressure. The stream accelerated due to the narrowed part of the nozzle mixes with the transported one, transferring its energy to it, and at the same time drawing it in due to reduced pressure at the exit. Thus, a significant increase in the immersion depth of the suction pipe is achieved, which in some models reaches 50 meters.

A distinctive feature of such pumps is the inlet, displaced relative to the central axis (in conventional centrifugal electric pumps, such an arrangement is also not uncommon), such units are very rare in pumping stations due to the above reasons (low efficiency).

Rice. 6 Electric pump device with built-in ejector

Remote ejector stations

A pumping station with a remote ejector has a significant advantage over equipment with a built-in ejector unit - it can operate in normal mode, we raise water from a depth of no more than 9 meters, and if necessary, you can always connect a device to it to increase the suction depth.

To do this, in the hydraulic part of the body there are two holes of different diameters with standard sizes 1 1/2 and 1 inch, a pressure pipe is connected to the larger one, and a recirculation pipe is connected to the second one, supplying water to the ejector nozzle. The ejector assembly itself is placed in a water intake source along with pipelines. Since without supplying liquid to the ejector, it will not rise from a great depth, the entire system is filled with water before starting work.

By appearance electric pumps with a remote ejector differ from standard models by the presence of two adjacent holes in the hydraulic compartment of the housing. A pumping station with an external ejector is produced by many domestic and foreign manufacturers, the Marina model from the Italian company Speroni is the most famous, and other Italians are also often found on the market: Aquatica, Quattro Elementi, domestic Unipump.

Rice. 7 Remote ejector station and its connection

How to make an ejector yourself

When a standard pumping station stopped sucking water during operation due to a lowering of the water table, it can be lowered by tearing a hole of the required depth in the ground - there are no other ways to increase the suction depth. It is pointless to make a home-made ejector according to any drawings, to purchase and install it - the part cannot be connected to a housing in which there is one inlet for the pressure pipeline instead of the two required for the operation of the ejector assembly.

If an ejector pumping station was purchased, and the assembly was lost or broken, you can make an ejector with your own hands from parts of plumbing fittings and fittings.

A similar design scheme is shown in Fig. 8, its main components are:

Tee(one). The part serves to connect the inlet pipes for two water flows and at the same time is a chamber in which they are mixed with the transfer of kinetic energy to the transported one. At the outlet of the tee, instead of a diffuser, an adapter is installed to connect the pressure pipeline.
Union(2). The part replaces the nozzle in the standard model and is designed to accelerate the recirculating water flow. When installing it, the length of the fitting is chosen so that the flow coming out of it is on the central axis of the transported one.
corners(6, 7). Necessary for connecting the recirculation pipeline and placing the ejector in a vertical position, the angle 7 has a small inner diameter due to the fact that the return flow is always fed into the ejector through a pipeline of a smaller cross section than the pressure one.
Corner(5). Water from the source enters the ejector through this part, the nut at the end is for attaching the water filter.
Adapter(four). The part is necessary to connect the pressure pipeline entering the pumping station.

Before assembly, grind the hexagonal part of the fitting to a cone-shaped state, shorten it to the desired length or lengthen it with a piece of vinyl chloride tube. After they assemble the entire structure, screwing in the fitting first, and then the rest of the parts with a seal threaded connections flax, plumbing thread, FUM tape.

Rice. 8 Homemade ejector

Water pumping stations for individual water supply with a built-in or remote ejector to increase the suction depth are rarely used in everyday life due to a very low efficiency of about 15%. The purchase of such devices is advisable in cases where the level of the water table is likely to temporarily drop below the maximum allowable mark of 9 m due to various circumstances - large volumes of water intake, drought, frequent silting of the source with a decrease in water level.

Video

The principle of operation of the ejector

Aurora ejector pumping station, description

The principle of operation of the ejector is quite simple.

Very often in suburban areas there is no centralized water supply. Therefore, owners of private houses have to drill wells and organize a water supply system on their own. However, often pressure waters are located at great depths. In this case, the extraction of water is complicated by the fact that a conventional pump for transporting water becomes insufficient. Therefore, very often an ejector is installed in such systems.

The deeper the well, the more difficult it is to draw water from it. Therefore, a pump is used to move the liquid through the pipeline. However, with a well depth of more than 7 meters, a conventional such device will not be enough. In this case, you can purchase a more powerful submersible device or add an ejector to the system, which will completely solve this problem.

The principle of operation of the ejector can be understood by examining the illustration presented.

An ejector pump is a device that transfers the energy of one medium to another. Its principle of operation is based on increasing the pressure of water in the pipeline due to the rapid movement of fluid along a special branch.

This principle of operation allows you to increase the capacity of an existing surface pumping station. Thanks to this, water can be extracted from a well up to 40 meters deep. To better understand how this device works, you need to follow its action.

The principle of operation of the ejector pump:

Water enters through the nozzle into the ejector. In this case, the diameter of the cross section of the nozzle is less than the diameter of the inlet to the ejector system.
By passing through a narrow nozzle into a chamber with a larger diameter, the liquid is significantly accelerated. Thus, its pressure increases. An area of lower pressure is formed in the mixer chamber.
Due to the rarefied atmosphere, the liquid begins to be sucked into the chamber at a tremendous speed, which is under a higher pressure.

Such a device is very useful for deep wells. After all, it allows you to quickly pump out water from the deepest holes.

Varieties of ejector pumps

An ejection pump is a useful thing in the household, especially if there are deep wells on the site. To make it convenient to use them, you need to choose the option of pumping equipment that suits you.

Ejectors have a fairly simple device. That is why it is easy to make them with your own hands.

There are several types of ejector pumps, they are divided according to the principle of operation and device:

The steam jet pump pumps out gaseous media from confined spaces. Due to this, a discharged environment is maintained. Such ejectors are used quite often.
A jet steam ejector sucks out gases or water from a closed space due to the energy of steam jets. In this case, the jets of steam exit the nozzle and cause the water to move, which exits the annular channel through the nozzle.
A gas (or air) ejector compresses gases that are already in a rarefied environment with the help of highly directional gases. This process takes place in the mixer, from which water flows into the diffuser, where it slows down, and the voltage increases.

Ejector pumps have excellent performance properties

Also, ejectors differ in the place of their installation:

The built-in water ejector is installed inside the pump or next to it. Thanks to this arrangement, the device takes up a minimum of space and is not afraid of dirt. In addition, such devices do not require the installation of additional filters. They are used for wells, the depth of which is not more than 10 meters. In addition, built-in ejectors emit a lot of noise during operation and require a powerful pump.
The device, which is called remote (or external), can be installed at some distance from the pump, but not more than 5 meters. They are often placed in the well itself.

All types of ejectors are suitable for use in a private home. They help to quickly pump water out of the well, despite its depth.

DIY manufacturing

It is quite possible to make ejectors with your own hands. Of course, such work requires a certain responsibility and care, but it is still quite doable.

The vacuum pump is very popular. The drawings and diagram of such a device are extremely clear.

The ejector, of course, can be easily bought ready-made. However, if you want to save a lot, then it is better to do it yourself.

Making an ejector with your own hands:

It is necessary to take a tee and fix the fitting on it in such a way that the fitting pipe fits inside the tee and does not protrude from it. If the nozzle is too long or short, then this can be corrected. In the first case, it can be ground off, and in the second case, a polymer tube can be built up.
Now you need to work with the part that will be connected to the pump. To do this, an adapter is screwed at the top of the tee.
At the bottom of the tee, in the part where the fitting is, a branch in the form of a corner is screwed. It will be connected to the recirculation part of the ejector.
An angle-type adapter is also screwed into the side of the tee. It is attached to the pipe using a collet clamp.

All connections must be sealed with special tape.

Installation rules and first launch

After you assemble the ejector, it must be properly installed. If you follow the instructions, then it will be easy to do. After all, the product itself has a very simple design. There are three outlets on the ejector. Each of these outlets must be connected to its own pipe.

First of all, the pipe is attached to the outlet that will take water from the well. It is located on the side of the device. At the end of such a pipe, a filter and a check valve are mounted. The pipe that is used for sampling should be long, but it does not need to reach the very bottom of the well.

Watch the instructional video before installing the pump

A pipe with a narrowed fitting is connected to the bottom of the ejector. This is a water circulation line. The other end of the pipe is connected to the tank. Water will be taken from it to create a reverse flow. A third pipe is connected to the top of the ejector. The other end is mounted on the pump.

How to start the station for the first time:

Pour water into the ejector hole and turn off the tap that allows water to move from the pump through the water supply.
Next, the pump must be turned off for half a minute, and then turned on. Open the faucet and let some of the air out of the system.
Repeat these steps until the plumbing fills the pipes with water.
Turn on the pump, wait until the system is filled with water, and the pump will automatically turn off. Open the faucet and wait until the pipes are empty and the pump turns on again.

If water does not flow, the system is not assembled correctly. In this case, you will have to find the problem and fix it. That is why the first launch must be carried out in the described way.

An ejector is needed for those who live in a private house and have a very deep well. Such a system will allow you to use a not very powerful pump as efficiently as possible.

Many owners of private houses or garden plots often think about arranging an autonomous water supply system. However, not everyone knows how best to do this.

1 How to choose the type of pump?

An autonomous water supply system can be installed in almost any private house and on any garden plot. The only problem in this case will be the depth at which the waters lie. If the water in a pre-prepared well is at a depth of seven meters, then there should not be any difficulties with its extraction. In this case, a pumping unit of absolutely any model is suitable.

The situation is quite different with those wells where the water is at a deeper level. In this case, only a pump with an external ejector can be used. An obstacle to the operation of an ejector water pump will be atmospheric pressure, the level of strength of the individual elements of the water pump itself with an ejector.

To carry out the process of raising water from a great depth, the so-called steam jet vacuum pump should be used, or the size or mass of a surface water pump with an external ejector should be increased several times. However, this can lead to the failure of the steam jet water pump.

2 What is the principle of operation of the ejector for the pump?

Ejector pumps have an extremely simple design. They consist of the following elements:

Nozzle.
Diffuser.
Mixer.
suction chamber.

The nozzle of the ejector pumping device is a branch pipe having a narrow end. The principle of operation of the ejector for a water pump is to instantly accelerate the water flow flowing from the nozzle. In accordance with the laws of physics, a water flow that has a high speed has the least effect on the atmosphere. Water from the nozzle enters the internal mixer, where it is separated along the boundaries. As a result of this separation, water from the chamber begins to flow into the mixer.

After that, the centrifugal flow of water is fed through the diffuser further through the pipes. That is, in the ejector of the water intake installation, the process of transferring energy from the medium with the highest speed to the medium with the lowest speed is carried out.

The ejector is part of the pipeline that runs from the well to the pump. That part of the water that was raised to the surface of the well, after a certain time, begins to flow back into the well, namely to the ejector, resulting in the formation of a circulation line.

Escaping from the nozzle at high speed, the water takes with it part of the water from the well, thus providing additional discharge in the plumbing system. As a result, pumps use much less energy to lift water from depth.

Thanks to a special valve installed on the so-called circulation line, the process of adjusting the volume of water that is fed back to the intake system can be carried out, and thus gives additional efficiency to the intake system.

Excess water that did not take part in the circulation process is transferred by ejector pumps to consumers, thus setting the productivity level of the entire ejector pumping station. This helps to get by with engines with the lowest power level, as well as a less massive water intake.

In addition, ejectors help to significantly facilitate the process of starting the pumping system, thanks to them, even a small volume of water can create sufficient vacuum in the plumbing system, thereby initiating the initial water intake process so that the system does not work, as they say, idle.

2.1 The principle of operation of the ejector (video)

3 What are the types of ejector pumping stations?

Ejectors on the water intake unit can be installed in 2 ways. The first implies that the ejector is one of the constituent elements of the design of the pumping station. In the second case, the ejector is an external node. The choice of a particular option will depend, first of all, on the requirements that apply to the water intake installation.

3.1 Embedded devices

This option implies that the creation of pressure for the ejector is carried out in the installation itself. Due to this, the dimensions of the pumping unit can be significantly reduced. Pumping stations with a built-in ejector are almost immune to the presence of various kinds of small particles in the water.

That is, there is no need to filter the water. This type of water intake installations is mainly used for taking water from a depth of more than eight and a half meters. Allows you to create a pressure of the necessary power to provide a garden plot of large sizes, where water is used mainly for irrigation.

However, pumping stations with built-in ejectors have such a disadvantage as an increased noise level during operation. For this reason, it is not recommended to install this type of water intake in the immediate vicinity of a residential building.

It is best if such an installation is mounted in a separate utility room. The electric motor for this type of pumping installation should be selected in such a way that it can provide the necessary water circulation system.

3.2 External devices

When using an external ejector, an additional water collection tank must be installed separately from the water intake unit. In such a tank, the pressure necessary for the operation of the system and additional discharge will be created, which, in turn, will significantly reduce the degree of pressure exerted on pumping unit loads. The external ejector itself should be connected to the immersed part of the plumbing system.

To ensure the normal functioning of the external ejector in the well, it will be necessary to lay two pipes, however, this may impose certain restrictions on the allowable diameter. This constructive solution, despite the fact that it reduces the efficiency of the water supply system by about thirty-five percent, allows pumping water from a depth of up to fifty meters and significantly reduces the noise level during the operation of the pumping unit.

A water intake station with an external ejector can be located directly inside a private house. For example, in various kinds of basement-type rooms. In this case, the distance from the well can be from twenty to forty meters.

It has absolutely no effect on the degree of efficiency. This is what explains such a wide popularity of this type of water intake stations among the population. All equipment is located in one place, which significantly increases the operating period, greatly simplifies the process of carrying out various kinds of preventive maintenance and setting up the plumbing system.

4 How to connect the ejector?

If you use an internal ejector, that is, it is one of the constituent elements of the design of the water intake station, then the installation process of the system will practically not differ in any way from the installation of a water intake unit without an ejector.

In this case, it will be enough for you to just connect the water supply from the well to the suction hole, and then complete the process of arranging the pressure line with the appropriate equipment in the form of batteries, as well as other automatic devices necessary to ensure the functioning of the system.

If you are using an intake unit with an external ejector, or an intake unit in which the internal ejector must be fixed separately, then two more steps will be added to the connection procedure described above:

The first stage involves laying an additional pipe, which is necessary for the circulation of water from the pressure line of the water intake to the inlet of the ejector.
At the second stage, the process of connecting a special branch pipe with a coarse filter and a return pipe to the suction opening of the water intake station is carried out.

If necessary, a special valve can be built into the water circulation line, which is intended to adjust the system. This will be beneficial if the water level in the well exceeds that for which the intake unit is designed. It is possible to reduce the power of pressure supplied to the ejector, thus increasing the power of pressure in the plumbing system.

Some water intake station devices have a pre-built valve to make this adjustment.