Glass mosaic panel. How to make a mosaic panel with your own hands, from what materials. Mosaic panel to order

The definition of "mosaic" is usually called a pattern or ornament, laid out from fragments of stone, pieces of ceramic tiles or glass fragments. Ancient Greece is considered to be its homeland - it was there, according to historians, that they first began to decorate the walls and vaults of temples with the help of colored pebbles. Later, this type of activity began to be adopted in different countries, while each nation brought something of its own to it.

Peculiarities

There are two ways to set the mosaic - direct and reverse.

In the first case, fragments of the future product are laid out on the surface with the finished side up. This technique is used for laying out mosaic panels on horizontal flat surfaces. All fragments of the future picture are put on glue on a special grid. Then the mesh is transferred to a permanent place of residence, after which the seams are overwritten.

If the surface of the mosaic application has a curved shape, reverse laying is used. Most often, this laying method is used if the basis for the composition is fabric or cardboard. The tile is glued onto the base face down, then the base is made - the entire composition is fastened with a special solution. When the base hardens, the paper or fabric from the front is removed. Seams are grouted on site.

Today, several technologies for creating mosaic panels are used:

• Matrix technology considered the easiest to make. Mosaic elements are assembled into ready-made prefabricated fragments on a paper or mesh base, approximately 30 cm in size. In stores, you can buy ready-made compositions consisting of such fragments, and on the spot it remains only to fix them in a certain order using special glue. They can be both monophonic and multi-colored, depending on the idea of ​​the artist and the scope of application. Their shape is most often square or rectangular, and other shapes are less common.
• art technology It is mainly used in the execution of exclusive orders according to individual sketches. It's very subtle, painstaking handmade, comparable to hand painting - with the help of this technology it becomes possible to recreate entire paintings and even portraits. For this, both whole tiles of the correct form and their parts can be used - the smaller the mosaic elements, the higher its artistic value and, accordingly, the cost. Artistic technology helps to focus on various elements of decoration or, conversely, to hide any imperfections. To enhance the aesthetic properties of the finished work, artistic grouting is used - a suitable color scheme is selected for each fragment.
• mixed technology- Its name speaks for itself. It combines some of the manufacturing elements of the first two technologies. With this approach, it is possible to achieve High Quality and save on some stages of work.

Mosaic tiles are very capricious in work, require scrupulousness and great patience.

Manufacturing materials

Depending on where exactly the decorative panel will be located, can be used various materials. Floor coverings must have special endurance, resistance to abrasion and must not slip, so the patterns on the floor are laid out mainly from stone, which has a matte non-slip surface. Modern manufacturers offer a wide range of marble, granite and other tiles for natural stone mosaics. Also, ceramic tiles are often used for the floor.

From chipped small parts you can lay out whole works of art not only for the floor, but also for wall decoration. For this, not only marble or ceramic tiles are suitable, but also glass. Unlike stone tiles, chipped glass mosaic has a very beautiful sheen and a wonderful play of light.

One of the varieties of glass tiles is smalt - it has increased strength, attractive glossy sheen and excellent color reproduction. Smalt is often used to decorate the vaults of temples, palaces of culture, theaters and other public institutions. Whole pictures are often laid out from it, while the tiles themselves are typed by hand. To obtain a special color rendering, special dyes are added to the glass, and thanks to high technology, thousands of different shades of various colors can be obtained. Today it is even possible to obtain gold and mirror smalt, which looks very unusual and expensive in the interior.

Classical smalt is obtained by breaking off small pieces from a large whole layer. Chipped pieces are obtained irregular shape and dissimilar to each other. This is their main advantage. Factory-made smalt has some similarities with ordinary glass mosaics, only the quality of the modules is much higher. These two types are often combined with each other when finishing one interior. When decorating interiors with high humidity, such as a pool, hammam or bathroom, most often combine several types of different smalts.

Metal mosaics are often used to decorate various columns and other surfaces with complex shapes. It looks very impressive, as well as durable and unpretentious in care. For its manufacture, steel and aluminum are most often used. Various imitations of gold or platinum are created from these materials.

Modern technologies allow you to create mosaic canvases from a wide variety of different materials. For these purposes, sea pebbles, wooden blocks, fragments of bottle glass, cork are perfect.

Sometimes the most unexpected materials can be used - for example, sawdust and even plastic wrap.

Style and design

Mosaic spread all over the globe, and each nation added something of its own to this type of art, peculiar only to this nation. Today, several styles can be distinguished. Let's consider some of them in more detail.

The Alexander mosaic appeared in the 4th century AD. It got its name in honor of the great commander Alexander the Great and depicted episodes from his campaigns. The color palette is dominated by several natural shades - red, red-brown, white and yellow. The drawing, characteristic of this style, was laid out strictly along a certain border. Mosaic elements were cut out of marble or glass and polished in a special way. However, they never went beyond the designated limits.

Byzantine mosaics appeared around the 6th-7th centuries and has not lost its relevance to this day. It is highly valued and easily recognizable due to some of its features.

Firstly, it is laid out from smalt - it is Byzantium that is considered its homeland. Secondly, it is necessarily a golden background. To obtain different shades, several types of metals are mixed in different proportions. It can be copper, mercury and even particles of gold. All depicted objects have perfectly clear contours and correct proportions- the elements are in the form of a cube. Therefore, close up, the picture seems somewhat rough and is revealed in all its glory only from a certain distance.

Classical examples of scenes depicted with the help of Byzantine mosaics can be observed in many temples in Italy, preserved from ancient times. Today, in this technique, you can upload absolutely any picture. These can be mythical animals such as dragons or fantasy flowers. Looks good in this style and the marine theme - fish, dolphins, coastal landscapes.

The Florentine mosaic is named after the city of Florence of the same name. in which she first appeared. It is made of natural stone - most often from sea pebbles, and is considered one of the most difficult to perform. The Florentine style is characterized by the stacking of elements closely, leaving little room for seams and grouting. And since all fragments by nature have the most diverse shapes and shades, fitting them to each other is a very laborious process.

Mikhailovskaya mosaic originated in the Middle Ages on the basis of the Byzantine school. In the described technique, all shades of green and gold predominate. The plots of the mosaic are mostly biblical - the Hagia Sophia in Kyiv is painted in this technique. Thanks to various shades, the image is not static, but lively and interesting, for which this style is valued all over the world.

Sofia mosaic has a more varied color palette than the previous school. For this mosaic, pieces of smalt of various shapes were used - square, oval and even triangular. At the same time, they did not fit as carefully as the Florentine masters did.

Roman mosaics are also laid out from smalt. In this case, very small pieces are used, which makes it possible to achieve a high accuracy of the picture. This technique is especially good for depicting people, natural landscapes, as well as various representatives of flora and fauna. Thanks to this technique, it is especially possible to convey flowers and animals in motion.

Russian mosaic is made of stone. Its advantage over other style directions is that such a mosaic can be created on curved surfaces on which it is impossible to apply classical technologies. Using the Russian mosaic technique, small crafts such as caskets or writing instruments can be made. Its essence lies in the fact that the very basis of the future picture is created from a durable, but not very expensive stone, on which plates of semi-precious stones about 5 cm2 in size are glued on top.

For these purposes, malachite, agate, lapis lazuli and other stones with a beautiful texture are usually used.

Scope of application

A mosaic pattern can decorate absolutely any surface. Usually mosaics decorate walls and floors both indoors and outdoors. Sometimes the walls of houses are decorated in this way, and the mosaic path on garden plot can transform it beyond recognition.

In cathedrals, it can also be observed on the vaults. In everyday life, such panels are more common in the interiors of a wide variety of rooms. Where it is required to decorate a large area, panels are usually laid out of stone or modular elements are used. For the home, you can also purchase a ready-made composition that can be pasted not only in the bathroom, but also to decorate one or more kitchen walls - for example, a work apron.

Some fans of this type of art prefer not to be limited to decorating utility rooms and decorate living rooms with mosaic paintings. For these purposes, there are also ready-made solutions. And if you want some kind of exclusive, then there are many manufacturing companies that can create a mosaic canvas according to an individual sketch. For example, a living room with a picture of malachite or a bedroom decorated with a glass panel will look very impressive and non-standard.

At the same time, it is a mistake to believe that the mosaic looks good only in large-scale projects. From it you can create small paintings, you can decorate a kitchen countertop with it or decorate furniture.

How to do it yourself?

Contrary to popular belief that a mosaic is very difficult, such an ornament can be assembled with your own hands.

The process of creating a decorative panel occurs in several stages:

• Selecting a drawing and creating a sketch.
• Sketch processing. The selected picture must be scanned, and then, using a special computer program, to build a layout of the mosaic elements.
• Decide on the choice of material and bonding solution. If you choose a factory-made glass tile to create a mosaic, it must be glued with a special adhesive recommended by the manufacturer or a consultant in the store. Stone and ceramic tiles need to be planted on a special solution of cement, glue and water. A notched trowel is used to evenly apply the mortar to the wall or floor.
• Preparation of the base and solution. The surface on which the future picture will be located must be cleaned of dust and debris. Before gluing the tiles, you should make a preliminary marking on the wall.
• Sheets or mosaic fragments should be glued one at a time, not forgetting to insert special crosses between them - spacers.
• Seam grouting. After all the elements of the panel are fixed, it is necessary to seal the seams with a special grout, applying it to the entire area with a rubber spatula and carefully filling all the voids between the tiles.

Mosaic art panels are a great way to complement and make your interior unique. If you decide to decorate your house with paintings, order forged products and stained glass, the mosaic will become the center of the composition, completing the decoration.

The scope of artistic mosaic panels is almost limitless. Unusually beautiful mosaic patterns seem to have come out of the pages of an oriental fairy tale. The combination of various textures - gold leaf, smalt, aventurine mosaic attracts the eye, changing its color depending on the lighting, making the interior magical and mysterious...

A mosaic panel will suit any interior and style. A mosaic picture is very durable, and its value only increases with time.

Mosaic history.

Mosaic art dates from II floor. IV millennium BC and originates directly from the construction of palaces and temples of the Sumerian civilization located in Mesopotamia. It was made from burnt sticks (“zigzags”), which were created from clay and had a conical shape. Their length was from eight to ten centimeters, and a diameter of 1.8. Laying was carried out on the basis of a solution of clay. The picture was formed on the ends of the cones, usually painted in red, black and white. Often used in the form of a rhombus or triangle pattern.

A striking example of the inlay of the early period, which received during antiquity opus sectile , which in the future was developed in the form of the Florentine mosaic technique, cite an artifact called the “Standart from Ur”, 2600-2400 BC.

In the eighth century BC. there were technicians using pebbles that had not been processed. She was one of the main steps in the development of mosaic as an art. During her peak, the Romans called her " opus barbaricum ". When excavations were taking place, floors made of pebbles in the form of an ornament were found in Altyn-tepe, located in eastern Anatolia and the palace of Arslan-tash, in Assyria. But the Gordion mosaics located in Antolia are considered an impressive monument of mosaic art of this period.

Antiquity

Their first works were created in Corinth on the basis of rough pebbles and date back to V in. BC. The image was made contour in the form of people, various creatures of the mythological and real world. The scenery had a geometric or floral ornament, which was performed in white on a black background. The style is close to red-figure vase painting. Similar instances IV in. BC. also found in places such as Olynthos, Sicyon, Eretria. However, the most realistic ones were created in the Pella mosaic, dated to 4th century BC.

The peak of the development of mosaics in antiquity fell on the Hellenistic era. Then they began to use chipped pebbles, affordable colored glasses. This made it possible to achieve realism of the work, as well as to use a variety of colors. Mosaics in Morgantina (Sicily), dated 3rd century BC.

In ancient Roman times, mosaic art was used to decorate floors and walls in villas, palaces and baths. It was created in the form of small cubes, which were made of strong glass ─ smalts. Small pebbles and pebbles were also often used.

Pompeii, the "Battle of Issei" mosaic was created from 1.5 million pieces that were assembled into an image. A technique called " opus vermiculatum ": the parts were assembled in the form of winding lines, applying one piece to another.

Early Christianity and Byzantium.

The period of the Byzantine Empire is considered the greatest peak in the development of mosaics. During this era, the mosaic became more refined, using small modules and pebbles. The masonry was made delicate, and the background most often appeared in gold.

Medieval Eurasia.

Rococo era

The mosaic was created from shells of mollusks caught in the sea. Most often used to decorate rooms. In Europe, beaded mosaics have reached popularity. The beads were scrupulously laid out on wax applied to paper or cardboard. Bead embroidery patterns in the form of crosses were used. However, unfortunately, few such specimens have survived.

In Germany, the van Zelow manufactory (1750-1770) made mosaics from beads. In the future, the method was lost. They decorated the flat part of the furniture, such as the tabletop. Bottles, various figurines in the form of a bird, etc. were also subjected to decoration. Most of them can be found in German museums. However, one is in the Arkhangelsk Museum-Reserve.

Islam

Often, mosaics were used to decorate the palace of the heads of the East. For example, the Palace of Sheki Khans has become one of the best works of medieval architecture in Azerbaijan. It is one of the most valuable architectural monuments of the eighteenth century. Date of construction ─ 1762. The author is Huseykhan. The palace was part of the complex of buildings and was the residence for the Sheki khans. It has a structure of two floors: the facade is made with frames that were in the form of lattices and rose, and a set of shebeke (small glass different color). The image has many colors with a colorful addition in the form of paintings on the walls of an architectural monument.

II floor. XVIII in. reached a huge development of pictorial art in the Sheki Khanate. It is closely related to the implementation of construction and architecture. All buildings of importance were decorated with wall paintings, which was an extremely popular technique. This is confirmed by the examples of pictorial art located in the Palace of the Sheki Khans, which have survived to this day and have not lost their artistry. The painting had many themes: hunting, battles, floral or geometric ornamentation, based on the motifs of "Khamse" (Five) by Nizami Ganjavi. Palace or peasant life and much more were also depicted. Most often used blue, red, golden or yellow shades. The plafond of the hall has an encryption of the name of the painter Abbas Kuli. It is worth noting that the palace was undergoing restoration, and therefore you can see the paintings made by the masters at various intervals of time.

Mosaic of France

One of the most popular mosaics in France is Emo de Briard. An enterprise that produced Briar porcelain beads, and in the future, mosaics, opened in 1837. A huge number of works based on Briar mosaics have been created. For example, the popular artist Eugene Grasset, who was one of the most influential figures in Art Nouveau, used it in his creations. This mosaic is still being made today. She is one of the few who remained completely under French production.

Russian mosaic

In the period of Russia, mosaics began to be used after the spread of Christianity. However, it did not become popular, as it was an expensive imported product. It was delivered from Constantinople (Byzantium had a monopoly for the sale of smalt).

In Kyiv, in the St. Sophia Cathedral, the largest ensemble in the world has been preserved original mosaics and frescoes. They date from the first half of the eleventh century.

Mikhailovsky Golden-Domed Monastery.

New time and Russian mosaic

Lomonosov decided to revive mosaic art. Subsequently, no one continued his idea and the mosaic art was forgotten again.

In the 1840s decided to translate the picturesque icons of St. Isaac's Cathedral in the form of a mosaic. Due to the high humidity of St. Petersburg, which was founded on a swamp, the frescoes fell off before the painting was completed. If the paint was preserved, then it immediately turned black and dimmed, which was facilitated by censers, candles, lamps, etc. The Russian government decided to send graduates of the Imperial Academy of Arts to study in Rome to learn from the masters working at the Mosaic Studio located in the Vatican. Glass technologists were invited from Rome to St. Petersburg, who were engaged in the manufacture of smalt.

In 1851, the students returned home, where an organization for the production of smalt was created by Italian technologists. This year is considered the founding of the Mosaic Workshop.

The workshop was created for the mosaics of St. Isaac's Cathedral (the term was 66 years, but they were never completed due to the revolution), it accepted many orders. For example, for the Cathedral of the Savior on Spilled Blood, located in St. Petersburg, the Savior on the Waters, ornamental mosaics of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, for portraits royal family or individual orders.

The workshop used a "direct method" of typesetting to achieve realism in painting. However, it was extremely costly not only in time, but also in cost.

The Academy sought to find a solution to this problem. In 1888, she sent employees such as A.A. Frolov, to Venice, where A. Salviati created and applied a different, more economical technique of mosaic art. He laid it out in the form of a mirror image of the front part on the base, which was temporary. Subsequently, it was transported to the installation site. This technique was called "reverse" or "Venetian".

Since the Academy did not want to adopt this experience, Frolov opened his own studio, which later became successful under the leadership of his brother and gave rise to the development of Soviet mosaic art.

Today, the development of autochthonous art is taking place. For example, the mosaic of the Huichol tribe. It is rare, as the material is beads. It can also be laid with holes up.

Styling techniques

During direct set, pieces of mosaic art are pressed into the base, which is often the ground. With the reverse technique, on the contrary, they are collected on a temporary basis, and then transferred to a primed plane.

Laying: the method is similar to laying tiled material. Used glue and grout for seams. You can buy all of this at a hardware store.

The base is checked for strength, its shortcomings are revealed in the form of cracks, cavities, oil stains, etc. It must be strong and dry, have a flat, cleaned surface from various means, which reduce the adhesion of mosaic elements to the surface. Also, it should not be dusty, dirty, in cement milk, paint residues, etc. If necessary, it is necessary to clean the surface mechanically, by sandblasting. During visual inspection, the base must be even, free of sags, pits, scratches, dry and primed.

Stacking on paper

First, prepare the surface and apply glue, making an even distribution over all areas. Best used with latex adhesive base. The mosaic is carefully glued to the side opposite to the paper. The distance between the pieces should be even, without using excessive pressure. After that, the fixing occurs with the help of light strikes of the platform, which have a rubber base.

After a day, the paper is removed by wetting it for better lagging. The surface is cleaned of residual glue and paper, after which the joints are grouted with a grater made of rubber. It is best to use a grout from a mosaic manufacturer. After that, the mosaic is cleaned and the surface is polished.

Laying on a mesh base.

Unlike paper, here the mosaic is glued face up. After the glue dries, you can immediately overwrite the seams.

materials

Materials can be different (stone, smalt, ceramics or metal, recently included porcelain stoneware). However, smalt still has the greatest popularity for creating a classic element of architecture, primarily for interiors. Materials such as glass and ceramics are also common. They are durable, affordable and come in many colors, are easy to work with and come in a wide range of shapes and sizes. Stone is used most often when creating a floor composition, and to expand the expressiveness of a mosaic work, metal is used. Porcelain stoneware is used for facade works: pavement, park paths, floors in public buildings etc.

Due to the functionality of this material, as well as its resistance to influence environment and various influences, it has become widespread in the creation of many structures with difficult operating conditions. These can be landscape gardening areas, water structures, when creating a fireplace or stove, etc.

Mosaic based on smalt or other glass has not only become widespread in many architectural works: panels, frescoes, etc. It can also be used as an independent applied direction of decorative art in ornamental compositions or other concepts. It has great artistic ability, through the creation simple drawings in the decor, which can be patterned in any compositions

At MOZAICO you can order the production of mosaic panels. We are the only manufacturer of polymer mosaic in Russia. The capabilities of our production allow us to create high-quality digital images of any complexity. Paintings, family photos, designer prints or masterpieces of world art - all this we can quickly produce to order.

What are the advantages of polymer mosaic panels?

• It's spectacular decorative solution that will transform any space.
• In the production of mosaic panels, a special protective coating is used.
• High wear resistance and durability make the mosaic very practical.
• It can be used at temperatures from -60 to +120 °C.
• UV resistance ensures color retention.
• The production of mosaic panels is carried out in accordance with the existing standards and norms, which is confirmed by the presence of sanitary and hygienic certificates.

Mosaic production technology

Features of the production of mosaic tiles depend on what materials are used in the process. Ceramic mosaic is made from clay, quartz sand, feldspar and a variety of pigments. All components are mixed and laid out in forms. After that, they are pressed, covered with glaze and fired in special ovens. The manufacturing process of ceramic mosaic tiles is fully automated.

Porcelain mosaic is made from a sheet of porcelain stoneware. It is cut into small pieces with a waterjet tool. Glass mosaic sheets are made from sheet glass. It is durable and wear resistant. First, such glass is painted with special heat-resistant paints, and then cut into the required formats. Before firing, they are collected on special substrates. Pieces of glass mosaic are processed in the furnace at a temperature of 900 °C. As a result, the paint is baked into the glass, and the corners of the products are melted.

The final stages of the production of any mosaic are the gluing of finished shards onto the base and laying them on a special mesh or paper base impregnated with an adhesive solution. Once the sheet is completely dry, it is ready to use.

Needlework - great way usefully spend time, calm your nerves and ennoble your home. For example, direct your energy to create a mosaic.

Mosaic- this is the art of the decorative direction, which consists in arranging, laying out and fixing the product on a smooth, clean surface. Mosaics have been known to people since ancient times. Once upon a time, palaces and temples were decorated with it - for example, the world-famous mosaics of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople were made using this technique. Traditional mosaic materials are used - natural stone, smalt, ceramics and metal.

With the advent of new materials, mosaic has become available even for ordinary needlework at home. It can be made from anything, including from improvised materials. Such products are always looks very expensive and elegant. Your work will be appreciated by family and friends. In addition, it is a very exciting process - to create with your own hands! Stock up on patience and endurance, and you will definitely succeed real masterpieces!

Of course, you can purchase a ready-made mosaic in specialized stores - its assembly will be available even for beginner craftswomen, but the one that you create with your own hands will unique and unique. A do-it-yourself mosaic panel will always fit into the interior of your house or apartment. You can decorate walls, floors, walkways near the house, create a frame for a picture or highlight an element of the interior. Mosaic also found its place in beading - one of the techniques is called mosaic weaving with beads.

The process of making a mosaic with your own hands is quite an exciting activity.

1. The most banal way of making ceramic mosaic. smash finished tiles with a hammer, wrapped in fabric first. You can buy a tile fight or marriage at any hardware store for mere pennies or even for free. That's all, our basis for creating a mosaic is ready. Mosaics made of broken dishes and ceramics are very well combined with each other, creating an amazing composition.
2. Manufacturing mosaic canvas of gypsum or alabaster. This is a rather long and painstaking process, but the result is worth it. You can choose any color and make required amount parts of the mosaic. To prepare the mixture, you need to combine gypsum, glue and water. Pour onto a rubber mat with cells. Spread with a spatula around the entire perimeter. Wait 24 hours for the mixture to harden and be ready to work.
3. mosaic canvas from eggshell . Most suitable for decoupage technique and creating jars, for cereals, for example. You need to clean the egg shell from the inner film and chop it into arbitrary pieces. Products decorated in this way look very unusual. From an eggshell, you can make a truly unusual mosaic with your own hands.

Mirror mosaic. It can be made from a broken mirror or mirror tiles. You need to split it very carefully so as not to damage the back layer. Making a mosaic panel requires great care, especially when working with glass.

Mosaic canvas made of wood. With the help of such a mosaic, you can create an unusual finish for any room. You can make it from shavings (this a budget option) or solid hardwood. Instead of a tree, you can use coconut shell. It has an interesting texture and relief, similar to wood.

Gallery: mosaic panel (25 photos)

Familiar to us since the times of Ancient Greece and Rome.

Attention! The surface for the panel should be perfectly clean and as smooth as possible.

Mosaic panels can decorate the interior of any room, walls, building facade, playground, pool.

• Roman;
• ceramic;
• Venetian;
• Moroccan.

On the Internet, you can find many layout techniques and mosaic patterns. The most popular is matrix mosaic. In this technique, the drawing is divided into separate segments, and the shades are divided into cubes. This implementation allows you to most accurately convey complex artistic ideas. To create a matrix panel from a mosaic, parts in the form of regular volumetric polygons are used.