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Documentation for dismantling. Dismantling a private house: everything you need to know What you need to dismantle

Machine tools have become widespread among home craftsmen, and especially in the industrial sector. At the same time, the dimensions and mass of mechanisms fluctuate over a very wide range. Also, the devices have different functionality and are designed for different purposes. For the home, units of small size and weight are usually used. To carry the purchased machine into the doorway, it may be necessary to dismantle the walls.

In garages, sheds and rooms specially equipped for a workshop, more massive equipment can also be installed that does not fit through a door or window opening. It happens that it needs to be taken out of the building, but for various reasons it cannot be disassembled. Then they dismantle the wall in order to take out the machine.

Preparatory activities

The initial stage of dismantling work is obtaining permission to carry it out in the competent organization (Bureau of Technical Inventory). When it is required to partially dismantle a wall in a rented room in order to move, for example, a grinding machine, you will also need to obtain the consent of the owner.

Permits are needed regardless of whether the work will be carried out by contractors or in-house. Measures to expand door or window openings must also be approved.

The basic hand and power tools and accessories required in the general case are presented in the table below.

Can use existing tool various systems: hydraulic, pneumatic, powered by fuel (such as gasoline). Garbage bags should be prepared. If possible, it is easier to take it out with a wheelbarrow.

In some cases, a ladder (or stepladder) is needed.

To drag the machine, in the simplest case, you need a jack ( any will do systems), and in more complex - special lifting mechanisms.

The walls should be dismantled, observing the rules of labor protection and the operation of tools. Be sure to use personal protective equipment: a respirator, goggles (or mask), gloves, work clothes and shoes, a helmet.

Dismantling of walls from different materials

To endure lathe(or other) of large dimensions from the premises of a private workshop, it is required to expand window or door openings, or even dismantle a section of the wall. Enterprises often have special openings for these purposes.

The walls that need to be dismantled can be built from different building materials:

reinforced concrete;
cinder block;
bricks;
foam block;
drywall;
stone;
wood and other building materials.

The method of disassembly and the tools used for this depend on the material. It is necessary to dismantle both external (often bearing) walls and interior partitions.

dismantle the structure should start from the top, moving down;
so that the falling fragments do not damage the floor, you need to substitute the flooring against the wall or cover the area near it with old rags or unnecessary clothes;
work better with a partner;
to reduce dust in the working room, dismantled walls periodically need to be moistened with water;
if necessary, cover objects that should be protected from dust on them, or take them out and the premises;
available decorative coating(wallpaper, plaster, tiles, etc.) can be carefully removed so that it is not necessary to do a full-scale cosmetic repair after the end of the work process;
the resulting garbage must be taken to a landfill;
you need to remove the switches with sockets (if they are available in the dismantled area);
you should determine the location of electrical wiring and other cables (for example, television, Internet) so as not to damage them;
it is advisable to warn the neighbors (if any) about the upcoming work so that there is no unnecessary noise;
if there is a plinth, then it should be removed.

It is necessary to remove sockets with switches and work with wiring only when the voltage is off. In this case, the shutdown is performed by an introductory machine.

To take out the machine the best option often is the expansion of a door or window opening. This is due to the fact that there is less work to be done.

The easiest way to dismantle drywall partitions. In doing so, they act like this:

pull out the wires, catching them to the side so as not to interfere with the work;
remove sheets of drywall;
remove the heater;
disassemble the frame.

Dismantling brick wall is a more labor intensive process. The easiest way to disassemble partitions is at the seams. If there is a plaster layer, it must first be removed. If this does not work out, then you will need to destroy everything together with a sledgehammer, crowbar or perforator.

It is also easier to dismantle any block structures at the seams.

The process of dismantling reinforced concrete partitions

Reinforced concrete walls are the most difficult case. Dismantling is carried out in small fragments. To disassemble them, proceed as follows:

cut with a grinder to the reinforcing layer into squares a partition on one side;
a concrete layer is removed with a perforator or chipper;
the operation is repeated on the other side;
cut the reinforcement with a grinder.

Wooden walls are cut with wood saws. The use of chainsaws or electric saws speeds up the whole process.

Reinforced concrete partitions are often load-bearing. In this case, they may only be partially dismantled. In this case, it is recommended to install props (support beams between the floor and the ceiling).

A neat way to dismantle the wall is presented in the video below.

Proceed to dismantle the partitions in order to take out a milling or other machine, after preparing the required tools and fixtures. In most cases, it is allowed to perform dismantling work only after prior agreement with the relevant authorities. In this case, the method of dismantling depends on wall material. The most difficult to destroy reinforced concrete. Always follow safety precautions to avoid injury. The easiest option is to use the services of specialists.

New discoveries in the field of construction, the invention of new materials and technologies - this is always a subject of interest, subject to detailed discussion. But if we talk about such a process as the demolition of buildings, then they are not at all interested. It is quite easy to explain such indifference. After all, breaking is not building. It doesn't take much intelligence to do this. In fact, the dismantling of buildings is a complex and important process. Maybe even more important than the construction process itself. Demolition must be carried out in full compliance with all necessary rules and regulations.

Many will say that demolishing an old or dilapidated building is not difficult. But that's just how it seems. In fact, everything is much more complicated. After all, the process of demolition of structures is often carried out in urban conditions, when residential buildings are dangerously close to the construction site, and so on. As a result, workers must act with pinpoint precision and be highly skilled. The same requirements apply in a situation where the building to be destroyed is outside the area where people live. In this case, the need to carefully perform all actions is most likely associated with the need to preserve the integrity of certain building structures, which are subsequently planned to be used again.

If before you build a new building, you need to demolish the old one, then, given all regulations, this process of work should be highlighted as a separate item in construction project. It is obligatory to indicate which building is to be dismantled. Then the amount of work and the amount to pay compensation to the former owners of the liquidated building are calculated. All costs must be included in the summary sheet.

If the building is going to be liquidated on the territory of some industrial facility, that is, the owner of the building, then the contractor can work less on the project. However, there may be difficulties regarding the practical implementation of the plan. Therefore, the contractor must necessarily draw up technological map for the production of works. It indicates all the measures that are designed to ensure the safety of other facilities and personnel.

Dismantling of old buildings is required wherever there is a need to create suitable conditions for new construction. As for specific reasons, they can be very diverse. For example, a building can be dismantled for the purpose of its subsequent transfer to a new location and cleaning up the territory that remains after it. However, regardless of the reasons General requirements to the process remain the same and the principle of operation practically does not change.

Main stages

The process of liquidation of buildings consists of several stages. At the very beginning, the contractor develops a technological map. It indicates which methods will be used, in what sequence the work will be performed. After that, on the same map, the contractor must mark the danger zones and indicate the conditions that must be met in order to ensure complete safety for workers.

Highly great importance in the working process there is also special equipment. The quality of the work and their duration will depend on how perfect it is. As for the staff, it must be prepared at the highest level. The work experience of all employees must be credible. Note that all professional companies have personnel with just such qualities.

For the sake of fairness, it is worth adding that such companies, as a rule, have many years of practice. Therefore, they can easily carry out any dismantling work in the shortest possible time. They are able not only to complete the task, but to solve it with a highly qualified approach. In other words, they enable customers to familiarize themselves with the documentation that has been drawn up, that is, with the plan, regarding the liquidation of a particular building.

So, the liquidation process consists of the following steps:

Drawing up a demolition project and a detailed work plan.
It is calculated what equipment, technical equipment and tools may be needed in the workflow.
A temporary fence is also being erected around the construction site. It is necessary in order to protect workers, passing people, other buildings and vehicles.
Then all communications are turned off, they are disassembled and transferred to another, safer place.
The next step is to dismantle the top of the building. This includes roofing, roof structures and ceilings. Since these jobs involve a certain amount of danger, they are often performed using small robots that are controlled by a remote control.
The dismantling work itself may include processes such as the dismantling of walls, partitions, ceilings and other structural elements. All these works are carried out only when dismantling is carried out step by step.
When there is no need to observe any accuracy, then you can do otherwise. The building is dismantled, or rather simply breaks down. This will require a fairly powerful technique.
The final stage is the sorting of construction waste, its preparation for removal.

You can learn more about the service on the Olveks-Diamond website in the "Dismantling buildings" section.

About types of dismantling

The process of demolishing old buildings can be carried out by various methods. The choice of method is influenced by a large number of factors. This is the complexity of the structure, and its dimensions, and age, and the type of foundation, and the building materials themselves, from which the building was erected.

So, the main types of dismantling work are the following:

Manual.
Semi-mechanical.
Mechanical.
Electrohydraulic.
Explosive.
Thermal.
Mixed.

Now let's look at the most popular demolition techniques in more detail.

About the manual method

This method is considered the most difficult. After all, this implies the disassembly of the building manually. To do this, the staff will need tools such as crowbar, pickaxe, sledgehammer and others. In some cases, gas cutting installations are used. Note that this method of dismantling is usually used in cases where other demolition methods cannot be carried out or the amount of work is very small and the use of large-scale equipment is impractical.

About the semi-mechanical method

This method of liquidation of building structures is the most effective. It is used most often. This method involves the use of pneumatic and electric types of tools. These include saws, concrete breakers and ordinary crowbars, various winches, jackhammers, jacks, and more. We add that this method has a large number of disadvantages. These include high labor and financial costs, high noise levels and the presence a large number dust.

About the mechanical method

This method of liquidating buildings is implemented in a rather crude way, using a variety of special equipment. The role of destructive parts is played by a hammer, which has the shape of a ball or wedge. It is attached to a mobile crane or to an excavator. This method is ideal for the elimination of neighboring structures. When demolishing those buildings that stand apart from each other, it is best to use tractors and bulldozers.

When using a bulldozer, the top of the structure is tied to it with a steel cable. Then the bulldozer pulls this entire structure until a collapse occurs. The same technique is used when it is necessary to collect and load construction debris. The latter is then disposed of and recycled.

Demollators are also used during the dismantling process. They are high power excavators. hydraulic type that move on tracks. They have a very long boom, on which various working elements can be hooked - a hydraulic hammer, hydraulic shears, special buckets. The mechanical method is more rational when compared with the previous one. And it is more effective if you need to demolish a dilapidated structure.

In urban areas, it is best to demolish buildings using a combined method. It includes almost all types of dismantling. For example, the internal elements are dismantled only manually, and the walls are demolished using a mechanical method. The foundation is usually liquidated in an explosive way. The latter requires the contractor to have a license that allows him to use special tools, as well as to carry out explosive work.

About the explosive method

This method differs in that it has certain limitations. That is why it is extremely rarely resorted to in big cities. The main requirement is that the building that is planned to be liquidated must be at a decent distance from other buildings. With the help of explosions, objects such as factories, stadiums and the like are dismantled. To perform such work, you must have a high level of professionalism. After all, working with explosives is very dangerous.

About phased dismantling

We already wrote above that it is quite difficult to carry out dismantling work in urban conditions. The presence of a large number of other buildings, which are located at a close distance, makes it almost impossible to carry out work without any damage and with a high level of safety.

In situations of this kind, it is more expedient to use phased dismantling. It is also called delicate. The use of special equipment, which often has considerable dimensions, and gross manipulations in such cases are completely prohibited. Of course, such a demolition takes much longer. But on the other hand, it will be absolutely safe for structures located in close proximity to the construction site.

About dismantling rules

The liquidation of structures is always associated with high noise and shock loads. That is why before they are carried out, it is imperative to obtain all the necessary permits in documentary form. They are issued to an organization that will carry out demolition work only if it has all the necessary documents: licenses, certificates and work permits of the appropriate level. Special equipment can be operated by workers who have undergone preliminary training and have received the appropriate qualifications.
If a partial reconstruction of the structure is carried out, when only internal structures need to be dismantled, then for each individual element it is necessary to draw up a project for the production of works or, in short, PPR. It takes into account the methods and stages of the workflow. The size of the danger zone is also determined, measures are taken to remove the load from the element that is being dismantled and redistribute it to the remaining parts of the structure so that they do not lose their stability.

As for issues related to the removal and processing of construction waste, they are also mandatory stipulated in the terms of the project. So, it should contain a clause that takes into account all the preliminary calculations regarding the possible amount of construction scrap that will need to be removed and processed.

It should be added that the disposal of construction scrap requires its preliminary sorting by type. When the structure has already been demolished, what remains after it is mainly broken bricks and concrete, as well as various wastes belonging to different hazard classes. It happens that the elimination of a large building also requires the removal of the upper ball of soil. This will also need to be taken into account, since it will need to be taken out.

Finally, we add that the use of the most modern technologies in our time allows you to perform all dismantling processes efficiently and in the shortest possible time.

Video. Dismantling works

wall types

In our country for many years built apartment buildings on standard projects, and such apartments have many disadvantages: low ceilings, narrow corridors, cramped kitchens, etc. Then no one thought that the layout of the apartments is far from ideal and over time their owners will dismantle walls. The main goal was to provide the population with affordable housing in the shortest possible time. But today people are trying to equip such apartments to their liking, to carry out high-quality repairs.

If you are going to make redevelopment in your house or want to get rid of parquet, old tiles and plumbers, our team will help to cope with all tasks. For compiling demolition work estimates our specialist is ready to come to you for free!

Dismantling of all types of walls

The walls in any dwelling are divided into two types: bearing and non-bearing. The "skeleton" of the building is bearing walls- it is they who ensure the stability of the structure and distribute among themselves different kind loads. As for non-bearing walls, they are used as interior partitions, while they do not have an impact on the stability of the building.

If the demolition of non-bearing walls in an apartment is allowed to be carried out completely, then for load-bearing structures it is important to observe certain restrictions - it is forbidden to dismantle them completely, and in some cases it is impossible partial dismantling concrete wall . If an opening is made in such a wall, to replenish its bearing capacity, the opening should be strengthened with the help of corners or a channel (other options are possible).

Wall demolition tools

For dismantling of walls Our team members use the following tools:

Perforator with various nozzles;
Sledgehammer, hammer and chisel;
Bulgarian
Nail puller
Special clothing, gloves, goggles, respirator.

Dismantling plasterboard walls

For the dismantling of plasterboard walls, a minimum of energy consumption is required. First you need to identify all communications that pass through the wall. Next, the switches and sockets are dismantled, having previously de-energized the mains. And then you need to determine in which direction the electrical wires are laid.

Communications are usually distributed around the house according to the "top-down" scheme, so the wires are removed and fixed on the ceiling, as they will come in handy in the future. Next, they are carried out: the wallpaper is removed, the location of the frame is determined (by means of a magnet), the screws are unscrewed, the sheets of drywall and insulation material are removed, the frame itself is dismantled.

Demolition of brick walls

Since brick is a heavy material, care must be taken to protect floor covering unless, of course, you plan to keep it. To do this, some kind of reinforcing material should be laid on the floor surface. If there is no need for protection, you can immediately start dismantling the walls.
First, all communications should be found and decorative elements (skirting boards, fillets, platbands) should be dismantled. Next, the wallpaper, tile or other coating is removed. To see a bunch of bricks, you need remove plaster. The wall can be disassembled along the guides using a puncher or a chisel and a hammer, which will greatly facilitate the work.

Dismantling of concrete walls

Most often, these are load-bearing walls, which are made of high-strength concrete. It should also be borne in mind that reinforcement is used here, therefore, a gas cutter, electric cutters or a slot mill are mainly used to dismantle a concrete wall. This is more modern equipment, it works without dust by supplying water to the disk.
The wall is cut through completely along with the reinforcement. Direct dismantling is carried out gradually, in small pieces.

We have described only the main actions for the dismantling of structures, but in our practice there were often exceptional situations that required an individual approach. Therefore, we do not recommend carry out the dismantling of the walls yourself.

Dismantling of walls price per m2.

The minimum order in Moscow is from 7000 rubles.

Work in progress	Prices in rubles
Dismantling brick partitions, walls ½ brick thick	310 rub/m2
Dismantling of brick partitions, walls 1 brick thick	420 rub/m2
Dismantling of brick partitions, walls 1.5 bricks thick	440 rub/m2
Dismantling of frame-cladding partitions	200 rub/m2
Dismantling of wall cladding from plasterboard on a metal frame	170 rub/m2
Dismantling of partitions from plasterboard	210 rub/m2
Dismantling of foam block, gypsum partitions up to 100 mm	200 rub/m2
Dismantling of reinforced concrete walls, partitions	from 1600 rub2 (depending on thickness)
Dismantling of concrete walls	from 1100 rub/m2
Dismantling wall cladding from chipboard	120.5 rub/m2
Dismantling of walls from aerated concrete (grooved)	260 rub/m2
Dismantling of gypsum concrete walls	from 320 rub/m2
Dismantling of walls from asbestos-cement slabs	325 rub/m2

Order dismantling of walls

Companies for the dismantling of walls and ceilings very often overestimate the prices for dismantling, but you can agree with us, and if it seems to you that the price is not acceptable, we make concessions to our customers.

To order the dismantling of the walls in the apartment or any other place call us or write.

Have you decided to make repairs in your apartment, but don't know where to start and how to painlessly get rid of old doors, windows, parquet, tiles, plumbing (the list can go on forever)? Make room for new design solutions really necessary! The list of dismantling works in the apartment includes the following steps:

1. Dismantling of walls, dismantling of partitions;

2. Dismantling of ceilings;

3. Re-planning, dismantling of apartments;

4. Cutting openings;

5. Dismantling of sanitary cabins (breakdown of sanitary cabins);

6. Dismantling of plumbing (bath, toilet bowl, sink);

7. Dismantling of concrete screed;

8. Pre-repair work (dismantling of plaster, tiles, floor, parquet, windows and door frames, wallpaper removal…);

9. Assembly-disassembly of furniture at home. Disposal of old furniture.

It does not require the dismantling of the floor or ceiling. The required set of tools includes:

Spatula - to get rid of foam tiles on the ceiling;
Chisel or metal brush - for cleaning glue from ceilings, removing linoleum or carpet from the floor;
Ax for removing platbands from interior doors, dismantling the door frame;
Fur roller and paint bath for removing from the walls paper wallpaper. Wet wallpaper is pry off with a spatula and carefully removed.

This will require more powerful tools, such as, for example, a hammer drill or an angle grinder (grinder).

Angle grinder (Bulgarian). The best option is a grinder with a 125 mm disc. It is indispensable if you need to dismantle the pipes of an old heated towel rail, sewerage or water supply system, as well as other metal structures that cannot be separated.
Hammer drill with chisel attachment for removal from walls and floors old tiles. Due to the fact that this tool is more efficient than a hammer drill and can drill holes in concrete and other similar materials, it is used when gouging mortgages under a washbasin or other structures that must be monolithic (embedded).
Other tools are important and necessary: a hammer, pliers, a hacksaw, a screwdriver, etc.

Then you can describe these demolition methods something like this:

Manual disassembly- delicate but long

Mechanized dismantling- rough but fast

These are fundamentally different approaches. But do not forget that their goals are different. If mechanized, they are used mainly for the complete demolition of buildings and clearing the site for new construction. Then manual dismantling is resorted to when required reconstruction, redevelopment or partial demolition of a building. The big advantage of this approach is the ability to save building material. Besides, handmade they outperform mechanized ones in that they are easily used in a limited space, where technology simply cannot get close. And the noise from manual dismantling is much less than from the use of specialized equipment.

It is worth paying attention to the versatility of manual dismantling in the conditions of St. Petersburg. The historical part of the city requires a special approach when performing any type of demolition or redevelopment of houses and other buildings. There is a need to preserve the facade of the building. The work is complicated by the proximity of neighboring buildings, restrictions on noise work, etc. For such conditions, manual dismantling is just suitable.

Tools for manual disassembly:

Sledgehammer

An effective tool for internal dismantling is the good old sledgehammer. This tool is very similar to a regular hammer, but has a large mass. From 2 to 16 kg. Widely used for demolition of walls and partitions.

Jackhammer

Great percussion tool. Very effective for dismantling concrete structures. It is a metal chisel sheathed with a body. An electrical impulse drives the chisel and the jackhammer does an excellent job of demolition work.

diamond disc

Re-planning, reconstruction, dismantling and demolition of buildings cannot do without the use of a diamond blade. The diameter of the average diamond disc is about 500mm. The height of the diamond segment is about 10mm. Increased cutting capacity, high performance characteristics make this tool indispensable when working on dismantling of reinforced concrete, metal, stone and brick structures.

gas cutter

Represents gas cylinder and a mouthpiece for supplying and directing the gas flame. It is applied to cutting of metals up to 300 mm thick. Good mobile tool. When using this tool, almost no effort is required, metal cutting is smooth and fast, which made it a very popular tool for dismantling work.

Such tools always come to the rescue when redevelopment, reconstruction, dismantling, expansion of openings, etc. is required. There are many more useful gadgets to carry out such work. These include: a nail puller (for accurate removal floor coverings), puncher, concrete breaker, pliers, etc.