home Instruments

Products useful after a stroke. Nutrition after a stroke: a sample menu. What diet is suitable for a patient after a stroke

A stroke is a condition where normal blood circulation is interrupted in a certain part of the brain. As a result, brain cells called neurons die, a person is smashed by one or two-sided paralysis, and there are also problems with functioning. internal organs. Often the patient does not understand what is happening to him, cannot speak, swallow, control bowel and bladder emptying.

Depending on the severity of the cerebral infarction (ministroke or extensive), the rehabilitation period can be delayed for a long time. In addition to drug therapy, the nutrition of the patient plays an important role in recovery after an attack. We will talk about the features of the diet for stroke in this article.

Nutrition principles

The stroke patient and his family need to understand that the food he has been eating for more than one year has become one of the causes of circulatory disorders in the brain. Therefore, the diet of the patient, most likely, will have to be radically changed, adhering to the basic principles proper nutrition in cerebral stroke.

Controlling cholesterol levels

Most often, ischemic stroke occurs as a result of blockage of a cerebral artery by a plaque formed from cholesterol that has settled on the walls of blood vessels. Cholesterol enters the bloodstream from animal products, but it is not found in plant foods. Hence the conclusion: a diet after an attack should minimize the accumulation of saturated fats in the body and help cleanse blood vessels from harmful cholesterol.

It is believed that the ratio of animal products and plant origin in the daily diet should be 1:4 or 1:5.

Cholesterol control is important not only for a stroke patient, but for all people, especially the elderly, who want to live a long and fulfilling life.

We limit calories

With a severe course of a stroke, a person becomes completely or partially paralyzed, with a lighter one, he feels weakness in the limbs. In any case, a sick man or a sick woman moves much less, which means that the calorie content of food consumed should decrease. Extra calories are supplied by fats, pastries and sweets. Therefore, doctors advise replacing sweets with fresh fruits and dried fruits, white bread with black bread, cakes with biscuits. Being overweight after a hemorrhagic or ischemic attack is a serious problem that can contribute to a second stroke.

We control pressure

Constantly elevated arterial pressure very often provokes strokes. In order to avoid getting to the hospital with the same diagnosis, the pressure should be monitored daily. This applies not only to measuring it with a tonometer and taking special pills, but also to excluding foods that increase it from the diet. Therefore, in the list of what is possible after a stroke, there are no:

coffee and strong tea;
stimulants like ginseng and echinacea;
canned food, smoked meats, dried fish and other sources of excess salt.
alcohol and nicotine.

Taking care of the kidneys

An organism weakened by a disease is very susceptible to various infections. Often they suffer from the kidneys, due to a disturbed drinking regimen. Sufficient fluid intake (about 2 liters per day) does not allow pathogenic bacteria to linger in the kidneys. Light and almost odorless urine is a sign that the excretory system is functioning well.

According to doctors, ordinary water should make up at least 2/3 of the total amount of liquid drunk during the day, since it is it that serves as the best cleaner for the kidneys.

Features of diet number 10

After acute cerebral disorders, patients are recommended to adhere to a special diet, known from Soviet times under the name table number 10. This nutrition system is aimed at improving the functioning of the cardiovascular system, filtration and excretion systems (liver and kidneys).

The list of what you can and cannot eat after a stroke is based on recommendations that have been tested for decades.

Minimize your intake of salt and animal fats.

The right approach: no more than 5 g of salt per day, no fatty meat, and even more so fat.

The essence of the restriction is as follows: salt provokes fluid retention, which causes hypertension, and it, in turn, causes strokes. Animal fats are deposited on the walls of blood vessels in the form of atherosclerotic plaques, as a result, the lumen of the vessel is clogged, as a result - an acute violation of blood circulation in the brain.

Eat no more than 50 g of sugar per day.

This rule must be observed especially strictly by stroke patients with diabetes. Not only granulated sugar and refined sugar are taken into account, but also the one that is present in the products.

Introduce sufficient fiber into your diet.

The fibers of vegetables and fruits improve intestinal motility, preventing constipation.

Eating lean meats and fish are the main sources of protein.

The daily volume of these products should be approximately equal to 120 g.

Eat small meals, at least 4 times a day. The last meal is two to three hours before bedtime.

Special nutrition for stroke is relevant not only for the period of rehabilitation after an attack. A similar diet throughout life will prevent a second stroke and other problems with the cardiovascular system.

The word "diet" should not be associated with a miserable existence on bread and water. Nutrition after a stroke at home in accordance with table number 10 is healthy, but at the same time tasty and varied. Here is a sample list of allowed foods and dishes.

Liquid first courses: vegetable soups with and without cereals, lean borscht, beetroot; cereals in milk (except semolina), porridge-smear.
Bakery products: from rye flour and bran, preferably yesterday's bread products, biscuits.
Meat: lean, preferably rabbit, chicken, beef, but other can be; jellied meat is allowed.
Fish: sea not too oily, boiled, baked; seafood.
Eggs: Maximum one egg per day in the form of a protein, steam or baked omelette, boiled soft.
Dairy products: milk - in the absence of indigestion, kefir, fermented baked milk and other fermented milk products; cheesecakes, casseroles.
Berries and fruits: useful both fresh and processed in the form of kissels, jelly, marshmallows, mousses; dried fruits.
Vegetables: raw - a little; it is recommended to boil, steam and bake; you can also make salads, vegetable stews, saute, stuff.
Sweet foods: honey, homemade jam, marshmallow, marmalade.
Drinks: green and weak black tea; natural fruit and berry juices (citrus, apple); teas and herbal teas.
Fatty foods: vegetable oil (sunflower, soy, olive); butter(in cereals).

As you can see, the list of what you can eat after a stroke is quite large, and on its basis you can make a different menu every day.

Diet Prohibitions #10

For the benefit of health after suffering an ischemic attack, many familiar foods must be abandoned. Persons non grata in the diet of a stroke patient are:

fatty meat and fish, including canned;
saturated mushroom, meat, fish broths;
sausages, sausages and smoked meats;
fast food;
spicy sauces and seasonings (mustard, horseradish, etc.);
vegetables preserved with vinegar;
vegetables with a spicy taste: garlic, onion, radish, radish;
fatty hard cheeses;
mushrooms in any form;
grape juice;
pancakes, pancakes, rich pastries;
coffee, cocoa, alcohol, soda;
cooking oil, lard.

Refusal of such products will not allow you to lose weight excessively, but it will definitely have a positive effect on well-being and general health.

Feeding methods for bedridden stroke patients

A severe stroke leads to the fact that the patient is not able to chew at first, and swallowing is also disturbed. For several days, food for stroke of the brain occurs parenterally, that is, with the help of droppers. In the future, until the swallowing reflex is restored, probe feeding is used.

The end of the gastric tube is smeared with petroleum jelly and slowly injected through the nose. The main condition is that the probe enters the esophagus, and not into the respiratory tract. In the correct direction of the probe, you can be sure if the patient does not begin to cough and choke. It is necessary to insert a funnel into the upper part of the probe, through which warm liquid food is fed in small portions. You can feed through the tube:

fruit juices with pulp;
liquid dairy products;
broths;
grated vegetable soups in a blender;
special mixtures for enteral nutrition.

If the patient is lying down, but can already swallow on his own, he is fed in bed, giving his head and back an elevated position. Food is given from a spoon, and a straw is used to drink drinks.

What can you eat with a stroke, as soon as swallowing is restored? At first - only dishes in liquid form. Then mashed potatoes, steamed cutlets, soft-boiled eggs, fresh vegetable salads, grated on a fine grater are added to the diet.

In the first month, the patient may noticeably lose weight, but this is not always bad, for example, if there were a lot of extra pounds before the illness.

When a person is forced to lie in one place, he perceives his condition very painfully and, despite progress in treatment, may refuse to eat at all. An increased level of stress also comes from the fact that you can’t eat your favorite foods, and the taste buds at first do not work as they should. In such cases, nutrition in case of a cerebral stroke can occasionally be varied by introducing your favorite sweets or a small piece of fried meat into menu 1-2.

Smirnova Olga Leonidovna

Neurologist, education: First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov. Work experience 20 years.

Articles written

fertile soil

Stroke is not selective. Women and men are its victims. different ages, professions, social statuses. No one is immune from its development. But people who do not care about a balanced diet, regularly eating fatty and carbohydrate-rich foods, are at increased risk. Becoming habitual, such food threatens the whole body and especially the cardiovascular system.

It stimulates the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Developing on the walls of blood vessels, they cause their narrowing, and then clogging. The result is an ischemic stroke, which a high degree probability will be repeated if the patient does not understand that only healthy foods can be eaten.

Blocking the lumen of blood vessels, atherosclerotic plaques provoke a rapid increase in pressure. As a result, it develops, the consequences of which can be irreversible. In order to recover faster from it and avoid worsening of their condition, the patient must follow all the recommendations of the doctor, including eating right.

Therefore, it is so important to know what you can eat after a stroke, and what foods are strictly prohibited.

Why is a diet needed?

The diet for ischemic stroke is designed to:

Reduce the content of harmful cholesterol and fats in the blood, prevent their accumulation.
Create conditions for the normalization of cerebral circulation.
To prevent the re-development of the pathological process and the deterioration of the patient's condition.
Accelerate the patient's rehabilitation, help him recover faster and return to active image life.

Scientific studies have confirmed that nutrition in accordance with the diet is especially important in the first days after a stroke. A well-balanced diet helps to avoid complications and significantly reduces the recovery process. It has also been proven that certain products for a stroke can negate the efforts of doctors, causing another attack.

Nutrition for a stroke of the brain involves:

frequent consumption of food in small quantities;
compliance with the daily calorie intake (about 2500 kcal, but no more);
focus on fiber-rich foods. They will help to avoid constipation;
taking into account the biochemical composition of dishes. The patient needs to eat food every day that contains enough proteins and minerals, as well as fats and complex carbohydrates of plant origin;
enrichment of the diet with foods with antioxidant properties. They will increase the supply of oxygen to brain cells and prevent development;
the inclusion in it of products containing electrolytes (potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium). In the right combination with each other, they contribute to the conduction of an impulse between nerve cells;
taking substances that can strengthen the vascular walls.

All products for a stroke patient are divided into 3 groups. The first includes useful ones. They are eaten according to the principle “the more the better”, but within reasonable limits. The second group consists of products that doctors do not recommend to use, but are still allowed in small quantities and infrequently. In the third - those that can harm a person after an ischemic stroke. They are absolutely not to be eaten.

For patients who have suffered a violation of cerebral circulation, a treatment table at number 10 is recommended. The Mediterranean diet is also suitable for them.

Mandatory to use

A doctor will help you properly organize nutrition after a stroke at home. He will give detailed recommendations regarding the composition of the diet, based on the anamnesis, the severity of the patient's condition, and prognosis. The doctor will definitely advise you to maximize the proportion of vegetables and fruits in it. Their use after a stroke of the brain by 30% reduces the risk of re-development of the pathological process.

Vegetables are high in fiber and contain a lot of folic acid. They help to normalize metabolism and from cholesterol deposits. With the digestion of vegetables, the body does not experience difficulties. This allows you to safely include them in the diet for bedridden patients after a stroke. Pumpkin, cabbage, spinach, carrot and beetroot salads are delicious and healthy dishes.

Fruits are another essential part of the diet. But use them carefully, given the presence of concomitant diseases (diabetes, allergies).

What to feed prone to allergic reactions patients? The answer is simple - apples, and green ones are better. It is contraindicated for them to eat any citrus fruits or pears after a stroke. With diabetes, the proportion of fruits in the daily menu will have to be replaced with herbs and vegetables.

The cells of the human body use plant and animal proteins as construction material. Therefore, it will be correct to regularly feed the patient with products with a high content of them. This will allow his body to more effectively deal with the necrotic and atrophic changes that have occurred in it.

The diet should be varied with dishes from:

lean meats (it is better if it is poultry or veal);
sea fish;
beans

But don't overdo the meat. It is desirable to eat with a stroke a maximum of 2-3 times a week. Instead of animal fats, it is better to use vegetable fats. They are found in oils: sunflower, olive, rapeseed, linseed.

Bananas, dates, apples, raisins, prunes, dried apricots, pine nuts, almonds, beans, potatoes, beet tops, sea kale, cereals from whole grain cereals. Vitamin B6, which reduces the level of homocysteine, which stimulates development - spinach, broccoli, walnuts, sprouts of wheat grains, sunflower seeds.

It is more difficult for bedridden patients to recover. Blueberries and cranberries will help them overcome the consequences of the disease. Being natural antioxidants, they will increase vitality and energize the body. In case of cerebral circulation disorders, experts recommend eating more vegetables and fruits of purple color: dark grapes, red cabbage, eggplants.

They contain a lot of anthocyanins, which reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease. Patients should also heed these tips.

Diet principles

Diet after a stroke at home continues until the end of the rehabilitation period. At this time, you will have to limit salt intake and change the water regime (reduce the daily volume of fluid consumed to 1.2 liters). The ban will include products that:

hard to digest;
have an irritating effect on the cardiovascular system and kidneys;
can cause nervous excitement.

It will be hard for coffee lovers and lovers of strong tea. These drinks, like any other, do not accept proper nutrition prescribed by doctors after the development of a stroke. You can replace them with decoctions useful herbs, rosehip infusion, green tea with the addition of mint leaves or lemon balm.

Dairy products are included in the patient's diet with caution. In many people, even in a low-fat form, they cause bloating of the intestines. Stool retention will be a contraindication to taking them.

As a result of the diet, cholesterol levels should decrease, so it is not recommended to fry the food you eat. It can be boiled or stewed. The ideal option for the patient is to give preference to steamed dishes.

It often happens that after a micro-stroke or a full-fledged stroke, the appetite of patients increases greatly. In this case, doctors advise splitting portions. If the amount of food that is planned to be eaten during the day is divided into 5-6 parts, increasing the frequency of their intake, it will not be necessary to exceed it to the detriment of the diet.

Prohibited Products

Diet for stroke of the brain excludes the reception:

fatty foods: dairy (sour cream, butter, full-fat milk and cream), meat (fatty pork, duck, lard), cakes and pastries with cream, margarine, mayonnaise;
foods high in light carbohydrates: any muffins, sweets, chocolate and other sweets;
smoked meats;
sausage products;
hot sauces;
canned and pickled foods;
mushrooms.

If a person suffers from diabetes, fruits and any confectionery are added to this list. A patient after a stroke should have a clear understanding that they should not be eaten even with a strong desire. The use of these products complicates the rehabilitation process, it can worsen the patient's condition and even cause a new attack.

Eggs are useful, but no more than 2 pieces during the week. It is better to refuse semi-finished products. Salt is not used in the cooking process. Its allowable amount is 1 tsp. per day. In order not to exceed it, salt is already prepared food when serving.

If the patient is lying

If a stroke has deprived the patient of mobility, turning him into a bedridden patient, he needs a special diet, developed according to individual indications, taking into account the severity of the violations. Only the attending physician can competently compile it.

Feeding of patients with impaired swallowing function is carried out in a hospital. It is carried out through a special tube with nutrient mixtures containing all the elements necessary for the body to live and recover. Ordinary products can be used, but in a liquid state: pureed soup, milk.

In the same way, patients with disorders caused by a stroke are fed. They can manifest themselves in a conscious refusal to eat. The patient loses interest in life and does not respond to requests from relatives. Then, with their consent, he is placed in a medical institution, where food is provided forcibly. The patient is fed through the probe for as many days as it takes for the appearance of positive dynamics.

If the patient is conscious, but cannot move his arms on his own, use a drinking cup or give him food, like a child - from a spoon. With partial paralysis, the patient is gradually taught to use a movable arm. At home, unbreakable dishes and a tray will come in handy. Napkins and towels will not be superfluous.

It is better for bedridden patients with impaired cerebral circulation to give liquid or semi-liquid food. It is easier to swallow and absorbs faster. It is important to take into account the compatibility of products with drugs and follow the recommendations for taking medications (before or after meals).

Menu variability

The menu after a stroke does not have to be monotonous and tasteless. Allowed recipes allow you to cook numerous dishes, limiting only the use of salt, fat, pepper and other seasonings.

Salads from fresh vegetables and fruits, soups, beetroot, cereals, sautéed, boiled pasta, steam cutlets, chops from chicken breast, fish soufflé, bread from bran or with cereal grains, low-fat yogurt, protein or omelet baked with greens, puddings, cottage cheese or carrot casseroles, cheesecakes, toasts, biscuit cookies, marshmallows, marmalade, compote, jelly, fruit jelly, marshmallow, mousses, jams, honey - not a complete list of options.

If food seems tasteless without salt, you can season it with crushed garlic, fresh herbs (parsley, dill), seaweed. Serve warm, but not too hot.

How to eat right and what foods should be discarded are questions that even completely healthy people should worry about. According to popular wisdom, "we are what we eat." And regarding such a dangerous disease as a stroke, it is absolutely true. It is recommended to follow a diet not only for people who have experienced its consequences, but also for those who are at risk or are simply attentive to their health. After all, it is much easier to prevent the development of a pathological process than to deal with its complications.

People who have suffered a stroke are hard to recover, they need long-term rehabilitation, which includes not only drug treatment, but also a diet. A cerebral stroke is an acute circulatory disorder that always causes a number of pathologies of a neurological, physical and psychological nature. A stroke diet should be aimed at lowering cholesterol levels, normalizing blood pressure and body weight of the patient.

When formulating a diet for a person who has had a stroke, a number of factors must be considered:

the cause of the stroke
the presence of hypertension;
tendency to corpulence;
blood cholesterol level;
patient's age.

Table No. 10 is the most suitable for the chemical content of trace elements. The basic principle of this diet is as follows:

limit the consumption of foods containing high cholesterol;
include in the diet foods that contain fiber;
exclude "fast" carbohydrates;
reduce to a minimum the amount of sugar and salt, this will reduce the load on the vessels.

Basic requirements for dietary intake nutrition consists of the following items:

At normal weight For a person, the recommended caloric content of meals is 2500 Kcal per day, if a person is overweight, then it is necessary to limit himself to 2000 Kcal. Products need to choose useful, containing essential vitamins and minerals.
Nutrition should be fractional, the patient should be fed 5-6 times a day, in small portions (150-170 g), main dishes should be supplemented with salads, and meat and fish should be cooked with vegetables. This is necessary to normalize the patient's stool.
Salt should be excluded from the diet, it has the ability to retain fluid in the body, which contributes to increased blood pressure and swelling. For the first month, salt must be completely abandoned, and then you can gradually add salt to the dishes shortly before they are ready. The daily salt intake should not exceed 2 g per day. To add flavor to dishes, you can add herbs and mild spices to them.
When choosing vegetables and fruits, it is necessary to dwell on brighter fruits, they contain the whole range of vitamins and microelements.
Everything diet meals need to cook for vegetable fat, it can be olive, sunflower or soybean oil.
Seafood must be present in the diet, except for shrimp and caviar.
The amount of lean meat should be in the range of 120-150 g per day (it should be steamed or boiled).
Water must be observed salt balance, consuming enough liquid, it is better if it is clean drinking water without gas, at least 1.5 liters per day. Water thins the blood, takes part in metabolic processes and removes from the body the cells subjected to necrosis as a result of a stroke.

A diet for a stroke of the brain must be followed to restore all body functions, thin the blood and saturate the brain with essential nutrients.

If the patient refuses food, this may be due to a change in taste buds. It is necessary to convince a person that he needs food to restore strength, even if he does not like the food.

What foods should be avoided

any fried foods;
fatty meats or fish;
canned foods;
meat and fish broths of high concentration;
confectionery and sweets;
spicy, smoked, salted;
any marinades and sauces;
sausages, fats;
coffee, black tea, cocoa, chocolate;
alcoholic and carbonated drinks;
high-fat cheeses;
legumes and dishes from them;
mushrooms and dishes from them;
fatty dairy products.

The main principle when choosing products is that they should be easily absorbed by the body, this will maximize the supply of affected tissues with nutrients.

A person undergoing rehabilitation after a stroke of the brain should completely stop using alcoholic beverages. Even in small amounts, they can provoke a new stroke, which can be fatal. The same can be said about smoking, nicotine constricts blood vessels, thereby increasing blood pressure and increasing the risk of a new attack.

The list of allowed foods for human nutrition after a stroke includes:

vegetable broths;
secondary meat broths from chicken or beef;
low-fat dairy products, cottage cheese;
poultry, rabbit, beef;
black or gray bread, biscuits, homemade crackers;
dairy products;
cereals from any cereals;
boiled vegetables;
baked fruits;
boiled egg whites (the yolk is not recommended);
any juice, jelly, compote, green or herbal tea;
honey, fruit jelly, soufflé, marmalade.

All milk products must be fat-free or have a low percentage of fat, fried products such as pancakes, pancakes and pies are strictly prohibited.

As a drink, you can prepare a rosehip decoction, observing the average concentration. 2-3 months after a stroke, you can occasionally drink weak black tea, always freshly brewed. It is better to drink teas without adding sugar, it is recommended to use honey or jam in small quantities (1-2 teaspoons).

Sample menu for the week

The daily diet of this diet includes:
350-450 g of complex carbohydrates;
100 g of protein (of which half of the animals are allowed, the other half are vegetable);
70 g of fats (of which most are vegetable);
3 g salt;
1.2 liters of clean drinking water.

Food should be steamed, boiled or baked, ready-made meals can be served both hot and cold. To diversify the daily menu, you can use recipes for a salt-free diet.

It is better to replace potatoes with spinach, asparagus or cabbage, and cookies and crackers for homemade crackers. For dressing salads, vegetable oil and lemon juice are allowed. Eggs can only be consumed boiled and only protein. Poultry dishes should be cooked without the skin. It must be remembered that juices and fruit purees can be introduced into the diet no earlier than a week after a stroke, this should be done in small portions. For the first time, vegetable salads are recommended to be grated, it will be easier for the patient to chew the dish in crushed form.

The daily menu for stroke can be quite varied:

The first breakfast is a slice of black bread with low-fat cheese and green tea with honey.
The second breakfast is a protein omelette, a salad of fresh or boiled vegetables, low-fat cottage cheese with raisins and herbal tea without sugar.
Lunch - soup on vegetable broth, boiled meat or steam cutlet with porridge, black bread, dried fruit compote.
Snack - milk or jelly with biscuit cookies.
Dinner - porridge with any vegetable salad seasoned with lemon juice, cottage cheese, fresh or baked fruit, tea with jam.
Before going to bed - low-fat kefir or yogurt.

It is necessary to consume as many fruits and greens as possible, at least 750-800 g per day, seaweed is very useful, it prevents the formation of blood clots. Low-fat varieties of fish should be cooked 2 times a week. The amino acids contained in it saturate the body with essential nutrients.

There may be such a menu option:

The first breakfast is a cottage cheese casserole, green tea without sugar.
The second breakfast is a banana or a baked apple.
Lunch - rice soup in fish broth, fish fillet (it is advisable to take red fish) with vegetables, fresh vegetable salad, jelly.
Snack - a decoction of wild rose and homemade crackers.
Dinner - steam meatballs from poultry meat, buckwheat or wheat porridge, vinaigrette, green tea with honey.
Before going to bed - a glass of skimmed milk.

When compiling the menu, it must be taken into account that one dish should not be more than 200 g. Immediately after a stroke, food should be served in a pureed form, as a rule, swallowing function is impaired in patients.

The patient's diet should include foods containing potassium in large quantities:

cabbage (all its varieties);
bananas;
carrot;
raisins, dried apricots.

People who abused alcohol before the stroke can afford 100 g of white wine per day, gradually reducing this amount. This is due to the fact that doctors do not recommend abruptly giving up alcohol, the body may experience stress, and the blow will repeat.

Every week it is necessary to spend a fasting day and eat only one product, it is recommended for these purposes:

watermelons;
apples;
cucumbers;
low-fat cottage cheese;
curdled milk or kefir (low fat).

If a person suffers from nicotine addiction, it is necessary to replace cigarettes with special patches and pills that help to wean from addiction.

A stroke of the brain requires serious rehabilitation, part of which is proper nutrition. Diet contributes to the speedy recovery and restoration of the body.

stroke is enough serious diagnosis, which can lead to significant complications up to the loss of the ability to move normally and even eat. Therefore, those who have had a rupture of a vessel or blockage of an artery have two key goals: to recover qualitatively and to prevent repeated problems with blood flow.

Nutrition after a stroke, the menu of which will be helped by a qualified doctor, plays one of the key roles in achieving the above goals.

The importance of proper nutrition after a stroke

Since the stroke itself is directly associated with destructive processes in the blood vessels, it is necessary to create a diet that will help the damaged parts of the system recover. If atherosclerotic plaques are allowed to develop, then re-occlusion of the artery or vessel is not ruled out. In order for cholesterol levels to decrease, it is necessary not only to take medications, but also to properly organize nutrition after a stroke.

What you should know about the calorie content of food after ischemic stroke

Legumes;

Pasta;

Sparkling water;

Sauces that have been cooked in broth;

Canned food;

Chocolate;

Acute (prohibited due to sodium content, which increases cholesterol and blood sugar levels);

smoked;

Salty;

Roast;

Sweet.

Nutrition after a stroke at home implies a complete rejection of salt in the first months of recovery. Only when the patient's condition noticeably improves can it be used in small quantities. The ban on the use of salt is explained by the fact that it attracts blood vessels fluid from the surrounding tissues. The result of this process is increased blood pressure.

Drinking regime

Nutrition after a stroke inevitably involves constant fluid intake. This point of the diet should be taken as seriously as possible, since dehydration can lead to an increase in pressure, which, in turn, can cause another, and more extensive stroke.

You can be guided in calculating the amount of liquid by the following principle: the volume of consumed clean water should be twice as much as the rest of the fluid that enters the body during the day. On average, the patient should drink 2 liters of water per day.

How to organize meals for especially severe patients

It is not uncommon for older people who have had an ischemic stroke to develop comorbidities. It is also important to take them into account when drawing up a diet, otherwise serious complications are possible.

These can be diseases such as diabetes mellitus, liver disease, hypertension and the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the recommendations of the attending physician in such a situation should be strictly taken into account. Also, in certain cases, after a severe ischemic stroke, the patient's ability to chew and swallow food is impaired. The usual diet will not be relevant here. Nutrition after in this case involves the use of a probe and special mixtures (they can be easily purchased at a pharmacy).

Only when the chewing reflex is at least partially restored, the patient can begin to feed liquid or mashed foods on a blender. In other words, it should be food that does not require effort to chew (low-fat cottage cheese, boiled and stewed vegetables, etc.).

It is worth considering that after a severe stroke, the patient will not be able to eat large portions of food or unpasted pieces of food. Therefore, someone must take care of him, spoon-feeding and without haste.

Menu example

In order to more clearly present nutrition after a stroke at home , worth considering specific example. The daily menu might look like this:

Breakfast: some white bread and warm milk with honey.

Second breakfast: black bread, green salad and weak tea.

Lunch: vegetable soup with lean beef meat, mashed potatoes, salad with fruit, lemon juice and honey.

Dinner: some black bread with butter, dill or chopped herbs and kefir.

Results

As you can see, after a stroke, nutrition plays an important role in the recovery process. The main thing is to approach the issue of menu formation thoroughly and strictly adhere to the instructions received from the doctor. The number of days that the patient can enjoy directly depends on the accuracy and literacy of actions.

A stroke is a serious and dangerous disease caused by a violation of cerebral circulation in an acute form and is accompanied by loss of consciousness, and in some cases paralysis. According to statistics, about 80% of people who have had a stroke remain disabled for life. Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world after heart disease.

The causes of stroke include: hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocarditis, myocardial infarction. Provoke the development of the disease and frequent stress, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity. Recovery of the body after a stroke is long. In addition to drug treatment, an important role in the rehabilitation process is played by the Table 10 diet, developed by M.I. Pevzner.

Diet Table 10 according to Pevzner when is it appointed?

Diet Table 10 according to Pevzner is prescribed both for prevention and after a stroke. At the first symptoms of a stroke: dizziness, numbness of the hands and cheeks, darkening of the eyes, headache, vomiting, convulsions, fever, you should immediately consult a doctor. After a complete examination and the prescribed course of treatment, it is necessary for the patient to follow the diet Table 10.

Diet after a massive stroke consists in the use of dishes in liquid form (broths, jelly, fruit and vegetable purees, liquid cereals, dairy and sour-milk products), even if it is possible to feed the patient without using a probe.

Diet after ischemic stroke It consists in a strict restriction in the diet of fats of animal origin. Animal fats increase the level of cholesterol in the blood and provoke the appearance of cholesterol plaques, which in turn are the main cause of ischemic circulatory disorders.

Diet after a hemorrhagic stroke is to exclude or limit animal fats and salt. The exclusion of salt affects the pressure reduction. In a hemorrhagic stroke, maintaining normal pressure is very important, since its increase can provoke re-hemorrhage. The diet must include foods containing magnesium and potassium.

popular:

✅ Therapeutic Diet Table number 13 according to Pevzner
✅ The principle of nutrition with a therapeutic diet Table number 9
✅ Diet for pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and children

Diet after a stroke It is also aimed at weight loss, which is especially important for people with diabetes. Losing weight is good for the cardiovascular system. It is known that the slimmer a person, the less at risk of stroke. In addition to treatment and diet Table 10, moderate physical exercise and outdoor walks.

The essence of the diet after a stroke

Diet Table 10 according to Pevsner after a stroke is aimed at optimizing health recovery and preventing relapse. It is both curative and preventive measure based on proper nutrition.

Diet Table 10 according to Pevzner - basic rules:

Food should be varied. The diet should be rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber and all the necessary nutrients for normal life.
Food should be fractional. You should eat at least 4 times a day, but in small portions.
The last meal of the Table 10 diet after a stroke should be light and at least 3 hours before bedtime.
In the diet of the Table 10 diet, restrictions are imposed on fats of animal origin (at least halved), salt (no more than 5 grams per day), sugar (no more than 50 grams per day).
The amount of food consumed per day should not exceed 2 kilograms according to the Pevsner Table 10 diet after a stroke.
Every day you should drink about 1 liter of non-carbonated water.

Allowed and prohibited products

Diet after a stroke - allowed foods:

Veal, rabbit, chicken, turkey (boiled or baked with the diet Table 10);
Vegetarian soups;
Low-fat varieties of fish (boiled or baked);
Low-fat dairy and sour-milk products (butter no more than 20 grams per day);
Eggs (no more than 1 egg per day, unlimited protein);
Cereals and cereals (unpolished rice, buckwheat, oats, millet);
Wholemeal bread (rye, whole grain);
Crackers, lean cookies;
Pasta (in limited quantities);
Potatoes (boiled, baked, occasionally stewed);
Cabbage, carrots, beets, eggplants, zucchini, cucumbers, tomatoes;
Onion, garlic, horseradish, herbs;
Apricots, bananas, dried apricots, citrus fruits;
Berries and dried fruits;
Jelly, puddings, marmalade;
Unsweetened compotes, fruit drinks, kissels;
Weak tea, decoctions of herbs and berries.

Diet after a stroke - prohibited foods:

Pork, smoked and fried meat;
Bird skin;
All types sausage products, especially salami with a diet Table 10;
Fatty varieties of fish;
Smoked and fried fish;
Fatty dairy and sour-milk products (cream, sour cream, condensed milk);
Sweet and fresh pastries;
Semolina;
Legumes (beans, peas, lentils);
Fried potatoes and chips;
Rutabagas, turnips, radishes;
Sorrel and spinach;
Mushrooms;
Grape;
Desserts and sweets (ice cream, chocolate, sweets);
Rich broths;
Carbonated drinks;
Sweet fruit drinks, juices and nectars;
Freshly squeezed vegetable and fruit juices;
Strong coffee and tea.

Clean the flounder from the insides and scales, rinse, dry.
Sprinkle the fish with the juice of half a lemon, salt, leave to marinate for an hour.
Line a baking sheet with baking foil. Lubricate the foil with vegetable oil, put the flounder on it, wrap the edges.
Bake the flounder in an oven preheated to 180 degrees for 40 minutes.
Carefully remove the fish from the foil, transfer to a dish, decorate with lemon slices on top.

Feast on exquisite baked flounder, subject to therapeutic diet Table 10 after a stroke.

Lenten borscht

Lenten borscht

Ingredients:

White cabbage 0.5 heads;
Potatoes 2 pcs;
Onion 1 pc;
Carrot 1 pc;
Greens to taste;
Vegetable oil 2 tablespoons;
Salt 2 gr;
Water.

Cooking method:

Rinse the cabbage, chop, transfer to a saucepan, add water, bring to a boil and cook over low heat.
Peel carrots, beets and onions. Cut the onion into cubes, grate the carrots and beets.
In a frying pan heated with vegetable oil, fry the onion until golden brown, add carrots to it, simmer for 2-3 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Add beets to onions and carrots, simmer for 5 minutes. Send the vegetable gravy to the saucepan with the cabbage.
Peel potatoes, cut into small cubes. Send to the pan with vegetables. Salt the water.
Boil borscht for 20 minutes until vegetables are ready.
Garnish with chopped parsley before serving.