Test who are you choleric phlegmatic. Typology and properties of temperament. Relationships with the opposite sex
Take this temperament test to gauge your reactions to events!
Briefly about the main thing:
1. Temperament - a genetic problem or an acquired gift?
2. How to learn to recognize people by personality temperament?
3. What are the types of temperament?
4. Rate yourself! Temperament test!
Temperament - a genetic problem or an acquired gift?
The concept of "personal temperament" was introduced by the founder of medicine, Hippocrates. Even then, he divided people into four main categories, which are still relevant today.
Sometimes personality temperament is confused with character, but this is not true!
Temperament is the innate characteristics of a person that affect his behavior, the speed of reaction to events and stimuli, balance, self-development, etc. And character is a set of acquired qualities, for example, purposefulness, courage, fearlessness, etc.
How to learn to recognize people by personality temperament?
Knowing the temperament of a person, you can:
- predict his reaction
- find out his way of life;
- understand what he needs;
- easy to find an approach;
- understand in which areas of activity he will be successful!
In fact, this is the key to anyone! How to pick it up? Read below!
What are the types of temperament?
sanguine- this is a sea of \u200b\u200bpositive. The person is cheerful, active, optimistic, quickly and clearly responds to changes. If he is angry, he does not hide his emotions, studies everything new with interest, and is prone to frequent changes in hobbies.
Choleric, as a rule, quick-tempered and unbalanced, can be reckless and unpredictable. He is very emotional, often aggressive, jealous, prone to inflated self-esteem and suppression of others. Choleric people usually have a gloomy appearance, are negatively disposed towards others, suffer from overwork and mood swings.
melancholic- a calm and thoughtful person, as a rule, is vulnerable, trusting and slow. Prone to low self-esteem, sudden mood swings for the worse, prone to depression. He always tries to strictly follow the instructions. Any innovation can upset him to tears. Sometimes such people are called homebodies and bores, but they show themselves best in the household.
Phlegmatic person- balanced and calm, it is almost impossible to piss him off. Even if he gets angry, he instantly cools down. Very rarely shows emotions, it is difficult to adapt to new circumstances, not particularly smart and resourceful. Trying to stick to a strict plan. A phlegmatic person cannot perform several tasks at once, but he is always attentive, persistent and consistent.
How to determine your personality temperament?
Rate yourself! Temperament test!
"Pure" type of temperament can be found extremely rarely. The vast majority of people have a mixed temperament, which has features of different personality temperaments, but still one of them necessarily prevails.
This test has four groups of statements that describe Various types temperaments. You can either agree with them or not. Record your answers on paper.
So, let's start self-discovery!
What does a choleric think about himself?
- I am extremely fussy and restless.
- I often get angry and flare up over trifles.
- Patience is not about me.
- In dealing with people, I can be harsh and rude.
- I initiate various meetings and events.
- I tend to be stubborn.
- I am resourceful and resourceful in a dispute.
- I can't work at a certain pace.
- I'm risk averse.
- I'm not vindictive at all.
- I have fast and temperamental speech.
- I am very unbalanced.
- I am not able to put up with the shortcomings of other people.
- I like to make snarky remarks.
- I don't hide my emotions.
- I tend to make quick decisions.
- Interested in everything new.
- My movements can be abrupt.
- If the goal is set, I don't get distracted by anything else.
- My mood can change very drastically.
What does a sanguine think about himself?
- I can quite call myself a positive person.
- As a rule, I am full of energy, and I know how to use it.
- I don't often get things done.
- I can overestimate my abilities.
- I can absorb new information quickly.
- I don't get hung up on one thing and tend to change hobbies.
- I don't worry about failures, everyone has them.
- I can easily adapt to any conditions.
- I am passionate about doing anything.
- I can quit what I started when I lose interest in it.
- It is not difficult for me to switch from one job to another.
- I get tired of the same work.
- I easily make acquaintances, I have a lot of friends and acquaintances.
- I am quite hardy, and I can work as long as necessary.
- I speak loudly, I can express my thoughts quickly and clearly.
- I keep my composure in unforeseen situations.
- I am always friendly towards others.
- I fall asleep quickly and wake up easily.
- Sometimes I tend to make rash decisions.
- I am inattentive in conversation, I can lose the thread of the conversation.
What does the phlegmatic think about himself?
- As a rule, I am balanced and very calm.
- I do all my actions in the planned sequence.
- I am sensible and cautious.
- I can wait a long time.
- I am not inclined to idle chatter, let others speak.
- I calmly express my thoughts, I do not show emotions in a conversation.
- I have patience and restraint.
- I don't have any unfinished business.
- I don't splurge on trifles.
- If it's worth it, I can give it my all.
- I try to stick to the plan in everything I do.
- I am always in control of my emotions.
- I usually don't respond to praise or criticism.
- I am indulgent about jokes addressed to me.
- I am true to my passions.
- I feel uncomfortable switching to another activity.
- I have the same relationship with everyone.
- I am characterized by pedantry and accuracy.
- I have a hard time adjusting to change.
- I have endurance and composure.
- I gradually get used to people, I can not make friends.
What does a melancholic think about himself?
- I am socially shy and very shy.
- I am lost in an unfamiliar environment.
- I can't just walk up and talk to a stranger.
- I'm not sure I'm capable of anything.
- Loneliness does not bother me, I treat it calmly.
- My failures overwhelm me.
- I can immerse myself in myself and not leave this state for a long time.
- I get tired often and quickly.
- I can't speak loudly.
- It's easier for me to adjust than to defend my point of view.
- I am very impressionable, sometimes I can be moved to tears.
- I enjoy being praised.
- I take criticism very hard.
- I am always strict with myself, and demanding of others.
- I tend to be suspicious and suspicious.
- I am easily hurt and offended.
- I go into resentment with my head and worry for a long time.
- I can't share my thoughts and feelings with others.
- Usually I am not active, I am too timid.
- I am not accustomed to arguing and meekly follow any instructions.
- I like it when people around me show sympathy.
Temperament test results!
Accordingly, the more positive answers, the brighter this type of temperament is expressed in you.
To determine the percentage, calculate the sum of all positive responses. Then multiply the number of positive responses for a particular type by 100% and divide by the total number of positive responses.
What happened?
The type of temperament, which scored more than 40%, is considered the main one.
The type of temperament, which corresponds to 30 to 39%, is considered pronounced.
The type of temperament, which scored from 20 to 29%, manifests itself only in certain circumstances.
The type of temperament that scored less than 20% is extremely weak.
Notes and feature articles for a deeper understanding of the material
¹ Hippocrates (circa 460 BC - circa 370 BC) was a famous ancient Greek healer, physician and philosopher. He went down in history as the "father of medicine" (
Answer options for questions: "yes", "no". The first answer that comes to your mind is correct. Your answers - "yes" - plus, "no" - minus - fix on a piece of paper.
- 1) Do you often crave new experiences in order to experience strong sensations?
- 2) Do you often feel that you need friends who can understand you, encourage you, express sympathy?
- 3) Do you consider yourself a careless person?
- 4) Is it really hard for you to say "no"?
- 5) Do you think about your affairs slowly and prefer to wait before acting?
- 6) Do you always keep your promises, even if it is not profitable for you?
- 7) Do you often have ups and downs in your mood?
- 8) Do you usually act and speak quickly, and do you spend a lot of time thinking?
- 9) Have you ever had the feeling that you are unhappy, although there was no serious reason for this?
- 10) Is it true that you are able to decide on everything on a bet?
- 11) Do you feel embarrassed when you want to meet a person of the opposite sex who you like?
- 12) Do you ever lose your temper when you get angry?
- 13) Do you often act under the influence of a momentary mood?
- 14) Do you often worry about the thought that you should not do or say something?
- 15) Do you prefer reading books to meeting people?
- 16) Are you easily offended?
- 17) Do you like to be in the company often?
- 18) Do you sometimes have thoughts that you would like to hide from other people?
- 19) Is it true that sometimes you are so full of energy that everything burns in your hands, and sometimes you feel very lethargic?
- 20) Do you prefer to have smaller friends, but especially those close to you?
- 21) Do you often dream?
- 22) When someone shouts at you, do you respond in kind?
- 23) Do you often feel guilty?
- 24) Are all your habits good and desirable?
- 25) Are you able to give free rein to your own feelings and have fun with might and main in a noisy company?
- 26) Do you consider yourself an excitable and sensitive person?
- 27) Do they consider you a lively and cheerful person?
- 28) After a job is done, do you often go back to it mentally and think that you could do better?
- 29) Are you usually silent and reserved when you are around people?
- 30) Do you sometimes gossip?
- 31) Does it happen that you can’t sleep because different thoughts come into your head?
- 32) Is it true that it is more pleasant and easier for you to read about what interests you in a book, although you can quickly and easily learn about it from friends?
- 33) Do you have a strong heartbeat?
- 34) Do you like work that requires constant attention?
- 35) Does it ever make you "shudder"?
- 36) Is it true that you always say only good things about people you know, even when you are sure that they will not know about it?
- 37) Is it true that you are not pleased to be in a company where they constantly make fun of each other?
- 38) Are you irritable?
- 39) Do you like work that requires quick action?
- 40) Is it true that you are often haunted by thoughts of various troubles and "horrors" that could happen, although everything ended well?
- 41) Do you walk slowly and leisurely?
- 42) Have you ever been late for a date, work or school?
- 43) Do you often have nightmares?
- 44) Is it true that you are such a talker that you never miss an opportunity to talk with a stranger?
- 45) Do you have any pains?
- 46) Would you be upset if you could not see your friends for a long time?
- 47) Can you call yourself a nervous person?
- 48) Are there any among your acquaintances that you clearly do not like?
- 49) Can you say that you are a confident person?
- 50) Are you easily offended by criticism of your shortcomings or your work?
- 51) Is it hard to really enjoy a party?
- 52) Are you worried about the feeling that you are somehow worse than others?
- 53) Would you be able to spice up a boring company?
- 54) Do you ever talk about things you don't understand at all?
- 55) Do you worry about your health?
- 56) Do you like to play a trick on others?
- 57) Do you suffer from insomnia?
DOUGH PROCESSING
If the "key" answer matches your answer, you add one point to yourself. If it doesn't match, zero points.
1. Scale of reliability.
Answer "yes" to questions: 6, 24, 36.
Answer "no" to questions: 12, 18, 30, 42, 48, 54.
Count the amount. If the result is 5 or more points, it means that you answered not as you really are, but as you would like or as accepted in society. In other words, your answers are not reliable.
2. Scale of extraversion.
Answer "yes" to questions: 1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 27, 37, 39, 44, 46, 49, 53, 56.
Answer "no" to questions: 5, 15, 20, 29, 32, 34, 41, 51.
Count the amount.
3. Scale of emotional stability.
Answer "yes" to questions: 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52 , 55, 57.
Having received the sums for the values of the “Scale of Extraversion” and “Scale of Emotional Stability”, mark them, respectively, on the horizontal axis “Introversion-Extroversion” and the vertical axis “Emotional Stability”. The intersection point will show your type of temperament.
Draw the coordinate axes: the horizontal axis is the "extroversion scale", the vertical axis is the "emotional stability scale". Each scale from 1 to 24 intersect at point 12. Mark your performance on the axes. Find the point of intersection. A point can lie on the axis if one of the scales is equal to 12.
The result you got is your dominant temperament type. On the extraversion scale, you can see the type of personality orientation: extrovert or introvert.
Four types of melancholic
Pure, pronounced melancholic: introversion (intr.) - from 1 to 9, emotional. stability (em. set) - 16 to 24 points.
Melancholic phlegmatic: intr. - 1 to 9, um. mouth - 12 to 16 points.
Mild melancholic: intr. - 9 to 12, uh. mouth - 12 to 16 b.
Melacholic choleric: intr. - 9 to 12, uh. mouth - 16 to 24 b.
Four types of phlegmatic
Pure, pronounced phlegmatic: introversion (intr.) - from 1 to 9, emotional. stability (em. set) - 1 to 9 points.
Phlegmatic sanguine: intr. - 9 to 12, uh. mouth - 1 to 9 points.
Phlegmatic weakly expressed: intr. - 9 to 12, uh. mouth - 9 to 12 b.
Phlegmatic melancholic: intr. - 1 to 9, um. mouth - 9 to 12 b.
Four types of choleric people
Pure, pronounced choleric: introversion (intr.) - from 16 to 24, emotional. stability (em. set) - 16 to 24 points.
Choleric melancholy: intr. - 12 to 16, uh. mouth - 16 to 24 points.
Choleric mild: intr. - 12 to 16, uh. mouth - 12 to 16 b.
Choleric sanguine: intr. - 16 to 24, um. mouth - 12 to 16 b.
Four types of sanguine people
Pure, pronounced sanguine: introversion (intr.) - from 16 to 24, emotional. stability (em. set) - 1 to 9 points.
Sanguine choleric: intr. - 16 to 24, um. mouth - 9 to 12 points.
Mild sanguine: intr. - 12 to 16, uh. mouth - 9 to 12 b.
Sanguine phlegmatic: intr. - 12 to 16, uh. mouth - 1 to 9 b.
General concepts of temperament
Each person has his own characteristics of mental activity.
Temperament is a characteristic of a person, namely:
Temperament determines and ensures the speed, strength and balance of our reactions. It manifests itself in thinking, speech, manner of communication.
At the same time, temperament does not affect interests, success, intelligence, business qualities - here we are able to independently develop our inclinations, turn them into abilities or forget about them.
The ability to make a choice and take responsibility for it are indicators of a developed personality, and not manifestations of the characteristics of temperament. Knowing your own type of temperament greatly simplifies the process of knowing yourself, accepting your manifestations and, as a result, choosing your own lifestyle.
Temperament human being is a biological quality, innate, not acquired. Only 25% of 100% temperament can be corrected. And this correction is our adjustment to the requirements of society (the world around us, society ...). For what? For a more efficient and successful existence.
Pure temperaments are rare. In every person there is something from the choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic. The question of who is better to be does not make sense, as does the question of what season is best. Each has its pros and cons. You need to know them and act, choosing an effective model of behavior depending on the situation. That is, not to be led by natural qualities, but to develop them.
Features of temperament must be taken into account when choosing a profession, but temperament should not be confused with character.
all these are character traits that are not laid down by nature, but are formed throughout life.
can be a person with any temperament. The success of a person does not depend on his temperament, but on the abilities, knowledge, skills and orientation of the personality.
The main components of temperament
An analysis of the internal structure of temperament leads to the allocation of three main, leading components. Each of these components has a complex multidimensional structure and different forms of psychological manifestations.
The sphere of general mental activity of a person.
- the desire of the individual for self-expression, effective development and transformation of external reality;
- intellectual and characterological features, a complex of relationships and motives
Motility.
- In the motor (motor) component, the leading role is played by qualities associated with the function of the motor (and special speech-motor apparatus). Among the dynamic qualities of the motor component -
- rapidity,
- force,
- sharpness,
- rhythm,
- amplitude and
- a number of other signs of muscle movement.
Emotionality.
- This is a large complex of properties and qualities that characterize the features of the emergence, flow and cessation of various feelings, affects and moods.
- Impressionability- a person's susceptibility, his sensitivity to emotional influences, his ability to find a basis for an emotional reaction where such soil does not exist for others.
- Impulsiveness- the speed with which emotion becomes the motivating force of actions and actions without their preliminary reflection and conscious decision to carry them out.
- emotional lability- the speed at which a given emotional state ceases or one experience is replaced by another.
This component is the most difficult. It has a branched own structure:
From the history of teachings about the types of temperament
Hippocrates (5th century BC) spoke about temperaments for the first time. He argued that people differ in the ratio of the 4 main "juices" of life that make up its composition:
Claudius Galen (2nd century BC) continued. He developed the first typology of temperaments (treatise "De temperamentum") According to his teaching, the type of temperament depends on the predominance of one of the juices in the body. They were allocated temperaments, which in our time are widely known:
I.P. Pavlov put forward a hypothesis that some fundamental properties of nervous processes - excitation and inhibition - underlie the differences in behavior. These properties include:
reflects the performance of the nerve cell. It manifests itself in functional endurance, i.e. in the ability to withstand prolonged or short-term, but strong excitation, without passing into the opposite state of inhibition
understood as functional performance nervous system when implementing braking. Manifested in the ability to form various inhibitory conditioned reactions, such as extinction and differentiation
balance of excitation and inhibition processes. The ratio of the strength of both processes decides whether a given individual is balanced or unbalanced when the strength of one process exceeds the strength of the other
manifested in the speed of transition of one nervous process to another. The mobility of nervous processes is manifested in the ability to change behavior in accordance with changing living conditions. The measure of this property of the nervous system is the speed of transition from one action to another, from a passive state to an active state, and vice versa. The nervous system becomes more inert the more time or effort it takes to move from one process to another.
I.P. Pavlov, distinguished between the force of excitation and the force of inhibition, considering them to be two independent properties of the nervous system.
The 4 types of the nervous system identified by I.P. Pavlov according to their main characteristics correspond to 4 classical types of temperament:
Description of types of temperament.
Types of temperament according to I.P. Pavlov
I.P. Pavlov understood the type of the nervous system as innate, relatively weakly subject to changes under the influence of the environment and upbringing. According to Ivan Petrovich, the properties of the nervous system form the physiological basis of temperament, which is a mental manifestation of the type of nervous system.
Two things should be noted:
A strong nervous system copes more successfully with some life tasks (for example, in work associated with large and unexpected loads).
A weak nervous system copes more successfully with others (for example, in conditions of monotonous work). A weak nervous system is a highly sensitive nervous system, and this is its advantage over a strong one.
Hans Eysenck studied the works of C. Jung, R. Woodworth, I.P. Pavlov, E. Kretschmer and other well-known psychologists, psychiatrists and physiologists. He proposed three basic dimensions of personality:
- neuroticism
- extra/introversion
- psychotism
characterizes emotional stability/instability (stability/instability).
High rates of neuroticism are expressed in nervousness, instability, poor adaptation, a tendency to quickly change moods, and strong reactions to the stimuli that cause them.
Low rates of neuroticism are expressed in the preservation of organized behavior, situational focus in normal and stressful situations. It is characterized by maturity, excellent adaptation, lack of great tension, anxiety.
extrovert- a person turned outward, sociable, optimistic, with a wide circle of acquaintances, impulsive, acting on the spur of the moment. He, like air, needs contacts. He prefers to act, move forward, rather than reason.
Introvert- a person turned inward prefers to communicate only with close people, and distances himself from others. He is closed, not sociable, shy, reserved, keeps his feelings under control, prone to introspection. An introvert likes to think about his actions.
Extroverts are much more pain tolerant than introverts; they pause more during work to chat and drink coffee than introverts; excitement increases the effectiveness of their actions and actions, while it only interferes with introverts.
Introverts prefer theoretical and scientific species activities (eg, engineering and chemistry), while extroverts tend to prefer jobs that involve people (eg, sales, social services).
Introverts are more likely to be admitted to the practice of masturbation than extroverts; on the other hand, extroverts have sex at an earlier age, more often and with a greater number of partners than introverts.
Introverts are more academically successful than extroverts. Also, students who leave college for psychiatric reasons tend to be more introverted; while those students who leave for academic reasons are more likely to be extroverts.
Introverts feel more alert in the mornings, while extroverts feel more alert in the evenings. What's more, introverts work better in the morning, while extroverts work better in the afternoon. In crisis situations, extroverts prefer to seek help and support from people, in communication with relatives and friends, in companies. Introverts, on the other hand, climb into their closet and hide from people.
an indicator of a tendency to antisocial behavior, pretentiousness, inadequacy of emotional reactions, high conflict, self-centeredness.
People with a high degree of psychotism are self-centered, impulsive, indifferent to others, and tend to oppose social norms. They are often restless, difficult to contact with people and do not meet with their understanding, deliberately causing trouble to others.
The combination of high and low levels of introversion and extraversion with high or low levels of stability and neuroticism resulted in the four categories of people described by Eysenck. A high level of neuroticism (emotional instability / instability) is characteristic of melancholic and choleric people. Low level - sanguine and phlegmatic. But introversion is characteristic of melancholic and phlegmatic people, while extraversion is characteristic of choleric and sanguine people.
Description of types of temperament.
Types of temperament according to G. Eysenck
Characteristics of temperament types according to G. Eysenck
G. Eysenck gave characteristics of "pure" types of temperament (that is, in the extreme angular positions of the quadrant). And we have already understood that such types are extremely rare. Adjust accordingly when you receive test results. Moreover, the closer one type of temperament is to another, the more characteristics overlap.
For example, if you got the result: neuroticism 13, extraversion 17 - then you are a sanguine Choleric. Then you have the characteristics of both choleric and sanguine, but not as pronounced as in pure Choleric, Sanguine. In different conditions, in different situations, you can show both characteristics.
Remember that the literature often gives characteristics of "pure" types of temperaments.
Pure types of temperament
Phlegmatic person
Unhurried, imperturbable, has stable aspirations and mood, outwardly stingy with the manifestation of emotions and feelings. Possesses logical judgments. He has a strong, balanced, workable nervous system, a stubborn, persistent worker, he brings things to the end. Most often calm, restrained and constant in feelings, the mood is even, rarely loses his temper.
Capable of deep, stable and permanent feelings. Phlegmatic peace-loving, attentive, caring. Moderately talkative, does not like to chat about trifles. Save energy, don't waste it. Facial expressions, speech, gestures and actions are slow and calm, restrained, emotionally inexpressive. Solid, reliable, distinguished by the depth and constancy of thoughts.
But a phlegmatic person hardly switches from one job to another, “swings” for a long time, does not adapt well to a new environment, is passive (low level of activity), it is difficult to develop new habits and behaviors, but they become persistent. He is characterized by lethargy, laziness, indifference to others, lack of will. Tends to do familiar work in familiar, familiar surroundings.
Choleric
Fast, passionate, impetuous, open, with quick mood swings. Choleric is active, mobile, optimistic, impulsive, but at the same time easily excitable and restless. A choleric person also has a strong nervous system, but he is unbalanced, quick-tempered, irritable, impatient, touchy, vulnerable.
He may have emotional breakdowns. Due to conflict, it does not get along well with other people. Choleric easily switches from one business / topic of conversation to another business / topic, he is characterized by sudden mood swings. He is highly excitable, he has pronounced emotional experiences, he is not able to control his emotions.
The movements and speech of the choleric are fast, intermittent, abrupt, impetuous, impulsive. He is prone to exhaustion, because when he is enthusiastic about his work, he acts with all his might. In the interests of society, he is initiative, principled, active, energetic.
In the absence of spiritual and personal growth, he is affective, irritable, quick-tempered, aggressive, unrestrained, conflict.
sanguine
A lively, hot, mobile person, with frequent changes of mood, impressions, with a quick reaction to all events taking place around him, quite easily reconciled with his failures and troubles. Sanguine is cheerful, friendly, talkative, flexible, responsive.
He has a strong, balanced nervous system, high efficiency, while he is active and mobile, easily survives failures. He easily communicates with people, quickly converges with people, easily switches, easily and quickly reacts to what is happening around. At the same time, he strives for novelty, a change of impressions, is restless, and does not regulate his impulses enough. He has a rich, mobile facial expression, fast, expressive speech.
A sanguine person cannot do things that require concentration, attention, perseverance, patience. He has a quick change of feelings, but the feelings are shallow, prone to inconstancy, superficiality.
melancholic
A person is easily vulnerable, prone to constant experience of various events, he reacts sharply to external factors. The melancholic is highly impressionable, easily emotionally vulnerable, touchy, but at the same time sensitive and sensitive, easily gets along with different people, non-conflict.
He has a weak nervous system, increased fatigue, low mental activity, slowness. He is highly emotional, but tends to experience problems within himself, which leads to self-destruction. His feelings are deep, constant, stable, but at the same time weakly expressed. It is difficult for him to focus on something for a long time.
The melancholic is hard and acutely experiencing failures (often hands down), he is timid, shy, anxious, indecisive, unstable to stress, his speech is quiet, slow. He is closed, unsociable, quiet, pessimistic, his mood changes easily, but at the same time he is melancholic and reasonable.
In a healthy environment, it is efficient, can perform monotonous work that requires attention, perseverance, patience, and concentration. The person is deep and meaningful. But under adverse circumstances, it becomes anxious, withdrawn, fearful, vulnerable.
We spend a lot of time in the workplace side by side with other people. With someone we are friends or have friendly relations, with someone we communicate only on business matters. It’s good if the relationship with colleagues is friendly, but disagreements also happen. Often the cause of problems is the incompatibility of characters and temperaments: if a colleague is too emotional, and you are used to solving everything quietly, peacefully, it is unlikely to do without conflicts. However, there are several tricks on how to avoid such collisions: for example, determine the type of employee's temperament and build communication based on characteristic features.
How to recognize?
Character is a personality trait that manifests itself in a person’s actions and determines his hobbies, principles and worldview. It is quite possible to get along with him - close your eyes to some shortcomings or join other people's beliefs, views, interests. And temperament is an innate personality trait that forms the basis of character development. You can't change the temperament, you can't change it.
The term "temperament" was introduced by the ancient physician Claudius Galen in the 2nd century AD. However, even earlier, in the 5th-4th centuries BC, Hippocrates spoke of the same. He believed that the anatomical, physiological and psychological traits of a person depend on which of the four elements prevails in him: yellow bile - choleric, blood - sanguine, lymph - phlegmatic person, black bile - melancholic. Modern science connects the types of temperament with the concepts of "inhibition" and "excitation" of the nervous system, that is, it evaluates the nervous activity of a person.
A person has features of each of the temperaments, but one of them always dominates. People with different temperaments are either completely opposite, like the elements, or perfectly complement each other. In any team, you can create an atmosphere in which each employee will feel in his place and at ease. The main thing is that the temperaments of employees are compatible. If the personnel issue has long been resolved for you, then following our advice will help you avoid conflicts.
Who is who?
a brief description of of each temperament, based on the nervous activity of its owner:
sanguine- strong, balanced, mobile;
Choleric- strong, unbalanced, mobile;
Phlegmatic person- strong, balanced, inert;
melancholic- weak, unbalanced, inactive.
A person's belonging to one of the four temperaments can be determined situationally - by the reaction to an obstacle that has arisen in his path: the choleric sweeps him away; the sanguine bypasses; the phlegmatic often does not even notice; the melancholic stops before an obstacle.
How to cooperate?
Sanguine Colleague
At first glance, a sanguine person is easy to recognize in a team - he is the soul of the company. Employees with such a temperament are pleasant in communication and non-conflict. A sanguine person is an emotional person, a strong and energetic optimist who likes to communicate with interesting and, most importantly, necessary people. He often proposes new projects and makes presentations. He is disciplined, comes to work on time, and leaves it not too late. Works with dedication, but without unnecessary nervousness and fussiness.
Sanguine is attracted by the possibility of career growth. And this should not be hindered - he will make a good leader at any level. It is on this basis that dissatisfaction with colleagues may arise, because a sanguine person competes with everyone and in everything. Also, you should not expect special support from him, since he himself does not need it.
Advice to colleagues: Building a relationship with a sanguine person is easy: show your undisguised interest in him, laugh at his jokes and talk about his positive qualities. Do so, and you will find a friend for the rest of your days. Treat sanguine people well and they will inspire, motivate, and entertain those around you—just don't make them follow directions and be meticulous about details.
Note to the manager
Knowing the essence of the matter, at least in general terms, a sanguine person can brilliantly carry on a conversation with anyone. As you know, sanguine people are good speakers. Therefore, it is they who should be given the floor more often at various meetings and conferences. However, technical issues in the work often cause difficulties for sanguine people. You should not trust them with monotonous, conveyor work that requires constant attention.
Phlegmatic colleague
The phlegmatic is unhurried and thorough, has an enviable equanimity and composure. This is a peaceful and restrained person who is difficult to piss off. He does not like innovation and is generally quite conservative.
The phlegmatic is not inclined to be a leader: he can work both in a team and independently. He has smooth and friendly relations with colleagues, easily adapts to the mood and atmosphere of the team. It is calm and pleasant to communicate with phlegmatic people, because it is known in advance that the interlocutor will not flare up without a good reason, will not go over to shout if he does not like something in the statements. The dialogue will always be constructive, objections are logical and well-reasoned.
Communicating with phlegmatic people can be difficult, because it is difficult to recognize their emotional reaction to everything that others do and say. One can only guess how this person took something, and whether he was offended. Also, phlegmatic people can easily gain fame as a bore - they like to tell something in detail and in too much detail, so sometimes it becomes boring in their company.
Advice to colleagues: In order to gain his respect, you need to share his values - to work conscientiously, not to commit rash acts, and even more so not to force him to participate in them! The phlegmatic will like it if you come to him for advice, and then listen with interest and without objection.
Note to the manager
The phlegmatic works well in conditions of monotony and monotony, where endurance, patience and perseverance are needed. Usually he slowly switches from one job to another, therefore, if he has already taken up one thing, he will bring it to the end. He needs to give orders accurately and concisely, preferably in writing, so that he can think about and analyze new information. In no case should you entrust a person of this type of temperament with work that requires initiative or prolonged communication with people! Working with clients is simply contraindicated for them.
Choleric Colleague
Choleric is a very impulsive and lively person, emotionally reacting to everything that happens. He gives himself to the cause with passion, can overcome significant difficulties and never gives up. If something did not work out the first time, the choleric will solve the problem again and again until it brings the matter to a victorious end. He must always win - this is his main rule.
Choleric loves various changes, while, oddly enough, both positive and not very. The increased emotionality of choleric people leads to the fact that all their thoughts are literally “written on the face” - you can easily determine when a choleric person is interested, when he is bored or annoyed.
By nature, choleric people are sociable, easy to make contact. They like to subjugate and control others, they see rivals in everyone. Excessive straightforwardness, irascibility, harshness and intolerance sometimes make it difficult for a choleric person to stay in a team: he cannot always stop in time, which offends those around him, without wanting to. The choleric actively takes up work, plans a lot, but quickly burns out and becomes not only useless, but also negatively disposed to the matter, which can cause bewilderment and discontent among colleagues.
Advice to colleagues: If you are working with a choleric person, do not react to his outbursts and do not try to shout down, do not argue. Draw an interested smile on your face, speak in a friendly tone, you can even joke inoffensively. Show confidence. This will puzzle the choleric and calm at the same time.Note to the manager
To entrust systematic, scrupulous work to a choleric person means immediately dooming the matter to a complete failure. He is attracted to creative work, in which you need to take non-standard solutions. The manifestation of initiative is an obligatory factor in the existence of a choleric person. Therefore, it is better to entrust him with a business in which he is a master: to go somewhere, negotiate with someone, resolve issues by phone. Only orders he needs to give clear, concise.
Melancholic colleague
This is a sensitive, touchy and vulnerable person. Easily upset even with small setbacks. Usually he is immersed in himself and has a hard time going through conflicts. The slightest stress can greatly damage his performance.
Melancholics are not interested in other people, they are more concerned about their own inner world. In the team they are unsociable, keep aloof, socially passive. In communication, they easily obey the leader, do not compete with anyone. They like to be patronized, they prefer to remain in the shadows.
The melancholic's social circle is narrow, but his relationships with people are strong and deep. The melancholic is a wonderful and reliable comrade, he will never leave you in trouble, he knows how to feel the mood of a person very subtly, you can always find sympathy from him. He quickly gets tired of communicating with unfamiliar people, but he calmly endures loneliness. As a rule, a melancholic avoids tension in relations with colleagues by all means and is absolutely not in conflict.
Advice to colleagues: In communicating with him, you must be sensitive: always speak calmly and gently, avoiding a raised tone and harsh expressions, praise as often as possible.Note to the manager
The melancholic is recommended, first of all, to engage in the intellectual field of activity, where he feels most confident. He is very efficient and conscientious. If you arrange for a melancholic employee to have a calm workplace, then its performance may amaze you.
Two of a Kind?
The interaction of colleagues and their labor relations directly depend on their temperaments.
Choleric-phlegmatic
The perfect couple. Each of them has qualities that the other does not have, they complement each other and this is what each other likes. The phlegmatic patient patiently endures the emotional outbursts of the choleric, to whom he is sympathetic for his thoroughness, reliability and responsibility. The choleric in phlegmatic finds a safe haven, stability and peace, at the same time does not allow him to get stuck in passivity, constantly spurs and activates him, sometimes even tries to control him.
Sanguine-choleric
A very active, life-oriented union. They have something to talk about, something to help each other. At the same time, mutual assistance, although not complete, is very significant: for the choleric - from the organizational side, for the sanguine - in the implementation of plans. Choleric - thinks, sanguine - carries out. However, sometimes the exchange of views can develop into disputes and quarrels, insisting on one's point of view and rivalry. To maintain a balance, it is necessary to adapt to each other, and both sides must do this in equal measure.
melancholic-sanguine
A promising alliance with mutual respect and tact. Mutual assistance can be very effective: on the part of the melancholic - in the spiritual, internal plan, and on the part of the sanguine - in the social plan. The melancholic feels best with the sanguine: the irrational switching of the first one not only does not irritate him, but, on the contrary, provides him with new interesting impressions and distracts him from sad thoughts. The sanguine gets along well with the melancholic due to his poise and sociability.
melancholic - phlegmatic
Relations in this pair are relatively calm. They pay little attention to each other, as both are immersed in their inner world. The melancholic may not like the seeming slowness and passivity of the phlegmatic, and the phlegmatic may not like the increased anxiety and excessive anxiety of the melancholic. However, there is no tangible discomfort in the relationship. They are also not particularly interested in rivalry and disputes. In such an alliance, there will inevitably be sympathy and respect for the inner world of another person, but at the same time, alienation will increase due to a lack of initiative.
Sanguine-phlegmatic
Quite an interesting form of union. There is little mutual understanding, but mutual assistance is substantial and active. Especially when there are common interests and practical matters in the business area. Good cooperation is ensured by the social activity of the sanguine and the diligence of the phlegmatic. However, sanguine in practicality and solidity, too, can not be denied. Conflicts in such a pair are insignificant, since both feel a practical need for each other, which they value much more than defending their opinion. Usually, in this pair, the sanguine is in the lead, and the phlegmatic, easily yielding his authority, turns out to be a follower.
melancholic-choleric
The cooperation of these two types is highly undesirable, because the imperious choleric will quickly and categorically "enslave" the timid and quiet melancholic. Often unconscious choleric straightforwardness, with all his caution, will hurt a very sensitive melancholic. And as a result, tension, discomfort, mutual accusations will arise between them. They have mutual understanding, but within narrow limits. There is little mutual assistance in this pair, although it can be significant: in some situations, a choleric person can patronize or take a melancholic under his protection.
Temperament squared
If people have the same type of temperament, then the most favorable combination will be two phlegmatic or melancholic, somewhat worse - two sanguine, and very bad - two choleric.
This situation is easily explained: phlegmatic people are the most balanced people, it is difficult to piss them off. Melancholic people are impressionable, very vulnerable and touchy, but they are quite compliant and prone to compromises in order to achieve peace of mind. Sanguine people are independent and emotional, but quick-witted. Noticing that the brewing conflict can take a serious turn, they easily compromise to restore balance in relations with each other. The hardest thing to keep a balance in a relationship is two straightforward, excitable and unrestrained choleric people.
Compatibility rules
Any group of people works more efficiently if it includes representatives of all temperaments. Melancholics are the first to feel in which direction to start the search. Cholerics play the role of fearless scouts. Sanguine people are a source of positive emotions and constantly generate unexpected ideas. Phlegmatic people analyze information and offer a balanced solution.
It is quite possible to get along with everyone under one roof, because the type of temperament does not affect the abilities and interests of a person. A person with any temperament can be smart or stupid, honest or deceitful, talented or mediocre. A polite and friendly attitude towards colleagues does not depend on their temperament, but on the desire of a person to achieve mutual understanding at work.
Temperament is a stable set of psychophysiological personality traits that are associated not with the content aspects of activity, but with dynamic ones. It is he who is the basis for the formation and subsequent development of character. And now we should talk about the types of temperament - mixed and pure, as well as their features.
Briefly about the concept
To start a little general information. Before talking about mixed and highly emotional types of temperament, it is necessary to explain what it depends on and how it is formed.
Well, a person has these characteristics from birth. They have a psychophysiological origin, and therefore are very stable. It is temperament that determines the dynamic features of a person's states and ongoing mental processes.
At the same time, this characteristic does not affect moral qualities and cognitive abilities. However, temperament must be taken into account when choosing a field of activity for yourself. So, people with slow reactions will find it difficult to control some mechanisms at high speeds. But with work that requires perseverance and concentration, they will cope excellently.
Sanguine
These are people with a strong, mobile, balanced nervous system. They are distinguished by such features:
- activity and communication.
- Ability to quickly adapt to new conditions.
- Sociability.
- The ability to quickly deal with people and easily establish relationships with them.
- Optimism, cheerfulness, cheerfulness.
- Expressive pantomime and facial expressions, emotionality.
- Dependence on feelings and impulses.
- The ability to endure troubles and solve problems without dwelling on the negative.
- Thirst for impressions and change.
Sanguine people are willing to take on new things, but they are productive only when they are inspired. If they are not interested, they will abandon their activities.
The same goes for personal relationships. They care about saturation in everything. This is required condition happy life of people who are so full of inner energy.
Cholerics
Before studying mixed types of temperament, you need to briefly talk about the features inherent in people with this characteristic. Cholerics are unbalanced, strong, mobile people, in whom excitation prevails over inhibition. Here are their features:
- Energy and perseverance.
- Love for being the center of attention.
- Irritability, intemperance, impatience.
- Sharpness, excessive straightness. But there is no hatred in their anger, this is important.
- The rapid emergence of feelings and emotions, the same rapid extinction.
- Expressive gestures and lively facial expressions.
- The tendency to commit rash acts in finding a state of passion.
- The ability to improve one's performance in a competitive environment.
- Energy, initiative, ability to concentrate. But only if they are interested.
Also, choleric people have impressive organizational skills, as well as the ability to quickly form new skills and habits.
Phlegmatic
These personalities are distinguished by poise, strength and inertia. They are assiduous, not very active, restrained, moderately persistent. They manage to remain calm even in very difficult situations. They have the following qualities:
- The ability to adequately respond to what is happening in the outside world.
- Sociability, combined with low sociability.
- Inability to make quick decisions.
- Slow formation of feelings. They arise gradually, but differ in depth and constancy.
- Patience.
- Exposure to affect.
- Poor facial expressions and gestures.
- The ability to contain and control your emotions.
To summarize, phlegmatic people are slow people in every sense of the word and spheres of life. In all of them, measuredness and thoughtfulness are inherent.
Melancholy
This temperament is inherent in people with an inert, unstable, weak nervous system. They have reduced activity and increased timidity. Melancholics are distinguished by such qualities:
- Shyness.
- Closure.
- Shyness and indecision.
- impressionability and vulnerability.
- The tendency to deeply experience any life event.
- Restraint in movement and speech.
- Concentration, inability to concentrate.
But melancholics can be productive. They work well in a familiar environment, and their interests are stable, they do not tend to be scattered and exchanged for trifles.
Choleric-sanguine
And now you can talk about mixed types of temperament. Most often there are choleric-sanguine. They can be recognized by one specific feature - their emotions change quickly, but this happens a little more gently. They also go ahead to the goal, like pure choleric people, but the features of a sanguine person pacify emotionality, adding fruitfulness to a person.
In addition, such people build relationships with others more competently. Personalities with a mixed type of temperament "sanguine-choleric" are not characterized by the principle "everything should be the way I want it."
From a sanguine person, the owner of this type of temperament gets the ability to put plans into practice. From choleric - the ability to organize and generate ideas. In many ways, it is this character that determines the success of such a person.
Melancholic-choleric
Mixed type of temperament, which is less common than the above. People who fit his description are characterized by the following features:
- Regularly experiencing periods of apathy and impulsivity.
- The combination of impetuosity with an internal margin of safety.
And if, because of the first feature, these people can suffer emotionally, then the second only plays into their hands. Why? Because at one moment they strive with all their might to the goal, trying to do something big, but after a while they are suddenly overcome by indifference. What is the plus here? The fact that it is during these periods that melancholic choleric people get the opportunity to look at the current situation soberly.
That is why they manage to reach impressive heights in any field. According to statistics, "pure" choleric people are much less successful. Although they seem to have more inner strength.
melancholic phlegmatic
Mixed types of temperament, defined by psychology, have been discussed above. There are only two of them. But in modern science There is an opinion that there are neither "pure" temperaments, nor specifically mixed ones (that is, they can be combined in different ways).
If a person combines the features of a phlegmatic and melancholic, then others perceive him as a very distant, even strange person. Somehow it combines passivity and slowness with increased anxiety and excessive anxiety. That is, something will worry him very much in his soul, but he will not strive to correct the situation.
Also, this mixed type of temperament causes low human productivity. His main problem will be a lack of initiative, even a certain alienation.
Phlegmatic Sanguine
A very interesting combination. Phlegmatic sanguine - a mixed type of temperament, endowing its owner with emotionality and concentration. There is also positivity and sociability.
People with this temperament overcome any difficulties. And it will seem to others that they do not even make any special efforts. Of course, this is not so, just the strength of spirit inherent in these people does not allow them to give up.
Often they have a large number of friends. But they manage to prioritize coolly, so they can always sacrifice the personal.
It is also worth noting that these people are also not characterized by absent-mindedness and irresponsibility. They are loved in the team, and the authorities appreciate them.
sanguine melancholic
But this is a very paradoxical combination. Sanguine-melancholic - a mixed type of temperament, which combines opposite, conflicting character traits.
Often, the owner himself suffers from these contradictions. The temperament itself does not manifest itself quite normally: its owner can behave like a sanguine in life, but if some kind of strong psycho-emotional shock happens in life, he will become a real melancholic.
These are the people who can be sharply unsettled by a negative event that affects the most important area of their lives. After this, they can become melancholic for a long time. And those around them will completely cease to recognize in them the former positive and active person.
Choleric-phlegmatic
And this combination needs to be told when discussing the characteristics of mixed types of temperament. In fact, it is quite harmonious. Because both the choleric and the phlegmatic have common features. And in a person representing this type of temperament, they are strengthened.
In addition, periodically occurring choleric emotional outbursts soften - here the thoroughness inherent in the phlegmatic works.
In general, such a person can be characterized as a calm and stable person, but by no means passive. He has a certain reserve of inner strength, which constantly activates and spurs him on. And sometimes even choleric features take precedence over phlegmatic ones. This happens if a keen interest appears in a particular matter, kindling a certain spark in a person’s soul.
What is the difference between "character" and "temperament"? Temperament is what a person receives at birth. Properties, motives of behavior and skills that are genetically incorporated. Character is developed with experience, often in an attempt to change temperament. For example, from childhood, a shy young man becomes more determined in adulthood because he took acting classes and developed the ability to speak boldly in public. Here shyness is a trait of temperament. And the acquired determination is a character trait. Diagnosing your own temperament contributes to the formation of character, if you work on yourself. Self-knowledge at the psychological level allows you to reveal positive personality traits and work on negative ones. Diagnostics will give parents the key to his upbringing, tell him how to handle the baby so that he hears and understands correctly.
Temperaments
From the school bench, everyone knows four types of temperament into which people are divided. The distinction is made depending on the behavioral responses to the expected events, from which clear patterns of behavior are formed. Interestingly, character traits can manifest themselves in a person regardless of the type of temperament. Many do not think about it, confusing concepts or combining them into one. But from these differences it is clearly seen that each person is unique, since events, life experience, childhood, social environment - all this educates character.
Temperament Properties
Manifestations of properties depending on the type of personality differ significantly. This is what makes it possible to conduct a qualitative diagnosis of temperament and character.
1. Sensitivity. This definition characterizes the individual's response to external stimuli. Each of the types reacts differently, one will show a violent reaction if hurt. The other one won't care.
2. Reactivity. It is characterized by an involuntary response to external or internal stimuli, such as harsh sounds, loud music, or screaming.
3. Activity. Refers to the reaction to the outside world. Purposefulness, willingness to overcome difficulties, the ability to steadfastly resist life's troubles.
4. Plasticity (rigidity). The ability to adapt to changing circumstances. Life flexibility.
5. The pace of reactive activity. Speed reaction. Ability to respond quickly to stimuli.
6. Introversion (extroversion). Ability to make quick decisions. Speed of perception of information.
7. External manifestations of the response.
Based on these properties, a complex diagnosis of temperament types is built. How do you know what type you are? The properties of temperament types are also associated with the hormonal nature, physiological processes in the body, and the structure of the figure.
Method for determining the type of temperament
The most extensive and popular method is the Eysenck temperament diagnostic method.
Hans Jurgen Eysenck is a British psychologist. He developed a system of questions, answering “yes” or “no” to diagnose the properties and types of temperaments. The result of passing the questionnaire will be the identification of the actual self, taking into account introversion and extraversion. The technique also reveals the emotional stability of the individual. The Eysenck test is a classic method for determining personality typology, one of the most used in modern psychology.
Eysenck questionnaire
So, answer some questions. Do not think for a long time over the answers, act at the behest of consciousness. Place a plus next to the question number if the answer is yes. And minus if the answer is no.
Questionnaire text:
1. Do you often feel cravings for new experiences, for being distracted, for experiencing strong sensations?
2. Do you often feel that you need friends who can understand you, encourage you, sympathize?
3. Do you consider yourself a carefree person?
4. Is it very difficult for you to give up your intentions?
5. Do you think things over slowly and prefer to wait before acting?
6. Do you always keep your promises, even if it is not profitable for you?
7. Do you often have ups and downs in your mood?
8. Do you usually act and speak quickly?
9. Have you ever had the feeling that you are unhappy, although there was no serious reason for this?
10. Is it true that you are able to decide on everything for an “argument”?
11. Do you feel embarrassed when you want to meet someone of the opposite sex that you like?
12. Do you ever lose your temper when you get angry?
13. Does it often happen that you act thoughtlessly, under the influence of the moment?
14. Do you often worry about the thought that you should not have done or said something?
15. Do you prefer reading books to meeting people?
16. Are you easily offended?
17. Do you like to be in the company often?
18. Do you have thoughts that you would not like to share with others?
19. Is it true that sometimes you are so full of energy that everything is on fire in your hands, and sometimes you feel tired?
20. Do you try to limit your circle of acquaintances to a small number of your closest friends?
21. Do you dream a lot?
22. When someone yells at you, do you respond in kind?
23. Do you consider all your habits to be good?
24. Do you often feel like you are to blame for something?
25. Are you sometimes able to give vent to your feelings and carefree fun in a fun company?
26. Is it possible to say that your nerves are often stretched to the limit?
27. Are you reputed to be a lively and cheerful person?
28. After a job is done, do you often think back to it and think about what you could have done better?
29. Do you feel restless when you are in a big company?
30. Do you ever spread rumors?
31. Does it happen that you can’t sleep because different thoughts come into your head?
32. If you want to know something, do you prefer to find it in a book or ask people?
33. Do you have a strong heartbeat?
34. Do you like work that requires concentration?
35. Do you have bouts of trembling?
36. Do you always tell the truth?
37. Do you find it unpleasant to be in a company where they make fun of each other?
38. Are you irritable?
39. Do you like work that requires speed?
40. Is it true that you are often haunted by thoughts of various troubles and horrors that could happen, although everything ended well?
41. Is it true that you are slow in your movements and somewhat slow?
42. Are you ever late for work or meeting someone?
43. Do you often have nightmares?
44. Is it true that you love to talk so much that you do not miss any opportunity to talk with a new person?
45. Do you suffer from any pain?
46. Would you be upset if you could not see your friends for a long time?
47. Are you a nervous person?
48. Are there those among your acquaintances that you clearly do not like?
49. Are you a confident person?
50. Are you easily offended by criticism of your shortcomings or your work?
51. Do you find it difficult to really enjoy events that involve a lot of people?
52. Are you bothered by the feeling that you are somehow worse than others?
53. Would you be able to spice up a boring company?
54. Do you sometimes talk about things that you do not understand at all?
55. Do you worry about your health?
56. Do you like to play pranks on others?
57. Do you suffer from insomnia?
Result interpretation
All questions are divided into groups that relate to the personal qualities of the individual. Count the number of times you answered "yes" or "no" to the number questions in each group.
Results processing:
1. Extraversion - is the sum of the answers "Yes" in questions 1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 27, 39, 44, 46, 49, 53, 56, and the answers "No" in questions 5 , 15, 20, 29, 32, 37, 41, 51.
If the total score is 0-10, then you are an introvert, closed within yourself. If 11-14, then you are an ambivert, communicate when you need it. If 15-24, then you are an extrovert, sociable, turned to the outside world.
2. Neuroticism - is the number of answers "Yes" in questions 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52, 55, 57.
If the number of “Yes” answers is 0-10, you are emotionally stable. If 11-16, then emotional impressionability. If 17-22, then there are separate signs of looseness of the nervous system. If 23-24, you have neuroticism bordering on pathology, a breakdown, neurosis is possible.
3. False - is the sum of the points of the answers "Yes" in questions 6, 24, 36, and the answers "No" in questions 12, 18, 30, 42, 48, 54.
If a score of 0-3 is the norm for human lies, the answers can be trusted. If 4-5, then it is doubtful. If 6-9, your answers are invalid.
If the answers can be trusted, then a graph is built based on the data received.
Reduce the result by points to the Eysenck scale. Check in which part of the circle was the value of the result of your questionnaire.
Eysenck values
Interestingly, there are no 100% extroverts or introverts. In each personality, the qualities of both types of temperaments are combined in different proportions. Let us consider in more detail the meaning of each of the poles of the test for temperament in the circle of Eysenck.
extrovert
For a word, it will not climb into your pocket. Lover to talk about everything in the world. There is such a person in every team, he attracts listeners to himself, he is ready to support any conversation. Likes to meet new people, makes many friends. But he does not have enough opportunity to pay due attention to everyone. Therefore, the relationship is superficial. An extrovert likes to create movement around him. They constantly call him on the phone, he is going somewhere, in a hurry. He likes to be in society, it fills him with energy. Outwardly, an extrovert can be recognized by a loud voice, ringing laughter and active gestures. Often it is difficult for him to stop, he can say too much. He is bored of being alone. Even being alone at home, an extrovert will communicate with someone on the phone, correspond. Prone to risk, impulsive in action. But cheerful and groovy.
Introvert
For him, some detachment from society is typical. The circle of friends chooses carefully, with the expectation of a lifetime. Introverts are reluctant to make contact, only when necessary. These are rare guests at parties, and if they appear there, then under pressure, because they do not want to go of their own free will. Those close to an introvert are people who have been proven over the years and who are nice to him. If he does not see them for a long time, the relationship is still sincere and friendly. Introverts are comfortable being alone, they always have something to do. The company gets tired quickly. At the same time, in society they can lead quite active life, they do not necessarily sit at home within four walls. An introvert gets energy from things: from good food, interesting literature, healthy sleep. For him, the inner component of his life, stability and tranquility are more important. As a rule, he is pedantic, does not like to make quick decisions. characteristic high degree self-control, rarely angry. Possesses high morality, prone to excessive pessimism.
neuroticism
It is characterized by increased excitability, irritability. This trait of temperament gives the person uncertainty in everything (in himself, in others, in things and actions). In diagnosing the type of personality temperament, this property indicates a restless nature, vulnerable and prone to depression. Reactions to external stimuli may be inadequate, which is fraught with consequences in the form of stress and neurosis. The person is receptive to external events, anxious. In psychology, it is defined as an emotionally unstable personality type. An individual with signs of neuroticism worries all the time with or without reason, is overly self-critical, and is afraid of public transport. Exaggerated fears about loved ones.
Neuroticism is accompanied by feelings of guilt, defenselessness.
emotional stability
Self-confidence, propensity for leadership. Calmness and balance. The individual is ready to help everyone (and helps if possible). There is no tension, in stressful situations it acts clearly and quickly. Quickly adapts to new circumstances, easily absorbs information. A person does not pay attention to the little things in life. Purposefully moves towards its goal.
Pavlov's method
The Russian physiologist I. V. Pavlov identified four well-known personality typologies. The classification is as follows: choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic. Express diagnostics of Eysenck's temperaments, in combination with Pavlov's method, gave the most accurate and disclosed definition of these concepts. As a result, we can characterize people as follows:
A sanguine person is a person with emotional stability and extrovert traits.
Choleric is an emotionally unstable person and an extrovert.
Phlegmatic - emotionally stable and introverted.
Melancholic is an introvert prone to neurosis.
Let's study each type in more detail.
Choleric
In pronounced representatives of this temperament, emotions prevail over reason. Any event in life is expressed on the emotional level of such a person. In a moment of joy, he will jump, scream, hug everyone and laugh out loud. At the moment of disappointment, it is bitter to cry and tell others about your trouble. Moreover, it will move rapidly from one state to another. The flow of energy thrown out in a fit of emotions quickly dries up, this constantly requires replenishment with new sensations.
The choleric energetically takes on new things, his whole life is filled with actions that require his vigilant urgent attention. If he has a favorite thing, the choleric will give himself to him with all passion. He has pronounced leadership qualities, he is able to become a leader, leading people. It has a high resistance to stress, as it is unable to detain attention for a long time on unpleasant moments. It is common for a choleric person to abandon an unfinished business if he is not interested in it. The mood often changes, because it reacts emotionally to every moment in life. Short-tempered and unrestrained. Cholerics who prefer honest relationships will defend the unreasonably accused until they lose their pulse. Pravdoruby, rather from restraint. Strive to be the main character in any event.
melancholic
Vulnerable, prone to the knowledge of the inner "I". If a temperament test showed that an individual is basically melancholic, this does not mean that he is a sad pessimist. This type of temperament has a pronounced creative beginning. The melancholic is spiritually developed and prone to deep emotional experiences. Knows how to look at the root of the problem or events, notices the details. Able to perfectly cope with any work, especially requiring perseverance and attentiveness. He sees beauty in the most ordinary things. Suspicious, from this avoids contact with people whom he does not trust completely. Reduced self-esteem, offended by statements addressed to him. Slow, but hardy and capable of analysis. A sensitive melancholic is prone to long-term relationships with people. Having lost his trust, it is most likely impossible to restore it.
sanguine
Variable type. If the temperament test showed that you are a sanguine person, you need to carefully monitor your emotions. A sanguine person changes his mind instantly, the same goes for commitment to hobbies and work. At the same time, the sanguine is the most lively and cheerful of all types of temperaments. He is active, artistic, has a rich facial expression. It's interesting to watch him. Quickly adapts to changing circumstances. He takes up work easily and joyfully, since childhood he has been fond of various circles, interest clubs. The sanguine person lives with pleasure, enjoys both work and leisure. In the case of a lack of attachments and interesting hobbies, it becomes superficial.
Phlegmatic person
This type of temperament is solid and consistent. He is selective in hobbies, always brings all things to their logical conclusion. Life position is weak, not active. He is not prone to impulsive actions, he is calm and collected, he does not like empty talk. A hard worker at work, always ready to help, take responsibility. The phlegmatic has a deep inner world. In negative traits, he is lethargic, incapable of taking a decisive step. But the most calm of all, inert. Persistent in achieving the goal. Stress-resistant, avoids conflicts. It is hard to adapt to new conditions, not ready for drastic changes. Not subject to emotions, does not express feelings directly. He is able to listen to another person, while not talking about his feelings. There are no problems with self-esteem, it is rarely a little underestimated.
Typology of personality in children
For parents, knowing the type of temperament in a child is undoubtedly important. Determining the temperament of a person in childhood gives the key to education, building an effective learning process. If you correctly understand what type your baby belongs to, there is a chance to use his positive traits to the maximum, to enable favorable personality development. Having an understanding of how the child thinks, and taking into account the characteristic features of temperament, a thinking adult is able to avoid harming the child's psyche and minimize the formation negative aspects character.
Choleric child
This child is noisy, restless and active. It can be aggressive, it is characterized by a quick change of mood. He perceives information well, but often forgets what he was asked about. Difficulty going to bed. Likes noisy games, quickly finds contact with other players. The body works quickly, the baby easily recovers from illness.
Parents must complete free time a choleric child with some useful activity. It would be better if it was a sports section. It needs to be taken out to nature more often, it needs a lot of space. After the release of energy in the section, you can engage in intellectual activities. The child should come to educational activities physically tired, then he will be able to perceive information and be assiduous. Fatigue will not affect the work of the brain; the energy reserves of a choleric child are inexhaustible.
melancholic child
Extremely sensible, unhurried. Uncomfortable feels in an unfamiliar atmosphere, hard to converge with other children. But if you make friends with someone, then for a long time. Sensitive, from this we are vulnerable. You need to communicate with him carefully, as he perceives everything at his own expense. The information assimilates for a long time, timid and uncertain when communicating. A change of place of residence or kindergarten is perceived by a melancholic child hard. It is difficult to put him to sleep, but in the morning he is alert and ready for action.
The melancholic child needs parental approval and support. He needs this more than anything else. From criticism and abuse closes, in the future it will bring him a lot of problems. It requires support for his initiative in any endeavors, stimulation of stories about his own feelings.
sanguine child
The soul of the company, open to both other children and adults. A little careless, no sense of self-preservation. He takes on a lot of things, but brings little to the end. Does not calculate strength. Does not remember insults, restless. Inclined to team games, loves sports and communication.
Parents need to train perseverance and diligence in a sanguine child. A joint lesson will place the child and prepare the ground for a trusting relationship. Assembling a constructor or a puzzle, a puzzle is something that he cannot do alone, and together with his parents such an activity will give the desired educational effect. It is necessary to instill in the child the foundations of morality so that an easy attitude to life does not grow into a superficial one.
Phlegmatic child
Slow, thorough. Likes to find out what the essence of everything is. He is not emotional, so there is often a feeling that he does not care what is happening around him. Can independently play for a long time and enthusiastically and not interfere with adults. Sleeps well, but has difficulty getting up in the morning. Likes to snuggle up under the covers.
Parents need to learn how to convey positive emotions to their children. He easily succumbs to a passion for a useful activity: caring for an animal, household chores. It is necessary to add variety to his daily routine: watching cartoons and films, going to the circus and the zoo. To stimulate physical development, a homemade Swedish wall or a rope is suitable.
Finally
Psychological diagnosis of temperament affects not only self-knowledge. Knowing what type you are provides an opportunity to stimulate the development of personality strengths. realizing weak sides, you can fight them. Or, conversely, use it for good. Diagnostics of temperament in adolescents and young children allows parents to raise a child without breaking his worldview and attitude. Willingness to work and develop a child's strengths will definitely find a response.
Each type of temperament has its strengths and weaknesses, and the task of a person throughout life is to find harmony between them. The integrity of the individual is determined by the ability to find the edges of all the inherent possibilities and skillfully use them in one's own life. Society is made up of many individuals, and even complete opposites in temperament can exist side by side without mutual claims.
