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Very often it is required to insulate apartments in buildings with panel walls due to their insufficient thickness. At the same time, the room quickly cools down, and the heating system does not always fully cope with its tasks, which leads to a drop in temperature in the rooms. How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside, what materials and how to use, it is proposed to get acquainted from the article.
More effective way heat preservation is external wall insulation. But, this option is quite expensive due to the great complexity of its implementation, requiring the use of special equipment if the apartment is located above the first two floors.
In addition, the thermal insulation of the walls from the inside in the apartment is justified when:
- There is a ban from the authorities that does not allow changing the facade of the building: its cultural value, the front side, which overlooks the central streets.
- Behind the wall is an expansion joint between two buildings.
- Placement behind the wall of an elevator shaft or other unheated room in which it is impossible to install insulation.
In this case, the best option is to insulate the walls from the inside in the apartment, despite the decrease in the useful area of the room: a warm apartment of a slightly smaller area is always better than a large one with cold rooms. In addition, all work inside the rooms can be done by hand, without involving specialists. The main thing is to prepare the necessary materials and tools.
When installing equipment in an apartment autonomous heating, insulated walls help save energy.
Advantages and disadvantages internal insulation walls are presented in the table:
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Proper insulation from the inside
Thermal insulation of the walls of the apartment from the inside, which prevents the formation of condensate due to temperature changes in winter, the appearance of mold spots on the walls, should be carried out with careful observance of all technological recommendations.
Of great importance in the design of the structure of the thermal insulation "pie" is the device of high-quality vapor barrier, which protects the insulation from the penetration of moisture into it.
Before you insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside, you should get acquainted with some recommendations for the process:
- Buy High Quality vapor barrier film, waterproof adhesive tape for sealing butt joints between sheets.
- Prepare a material with low vapor permeability, lower than that of the walls. This will ensure the evaporation of moisture towards the street, and not into the apartment.
- Insulation must be glued very tightly to the plane of the wall.
- Indoors, it is necessary to equip natural or forced additional ventilation, which will avoid the appearance of excess moisture. For example, for this window frames install valves through which air will enter the room, as in the photo.
- Before you insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside, you should accurately calculate the required thickness of the insulation. This value depends on the average daily temperature in the region in winter.
Tip: If the thickness of the thermal insulation material is less than the design parameters, the steam and heat balance will be disturbed.
- Installation of the wall insulation system is carried out after treatment with special primer solutions. This will prevent the appearance of mold, increase adhesion when installing thermal insulation.
- You can mount the insulation only on a well-dried wall.
- When installing insulation, “cold bridges” should not be allowed, especially at the butt joints, which can ruin the whole process.
Materials for insulation
How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside - everyone chooses for himself.
The table shows some types and features of materials:
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These are the main materials than to insulate the walls in the apartment from the inside.
Tip: When insulating walls in an apartment, two basic rules must be observed: creating a strong vapor barrier that prevents condensation between the wall and the insulation; a device for reliable ventilation, to remove moist air from the room.
Before insulating the walls from the inside in the apartment, in order to avoid unnecessary expenses, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the information on this issue, but it is better to watch the video in this article. All thermal insulation materials are divided into groups that correspond to the material used to build the walls of the house.
For example:
- For a brick wall, a heater is used that cannot be taken for a concrete wall. In this case, it is best to purchase foamed polystyrene foam.
- Concrete walls are best insulated with polystyrene foam (see. How is the insulation of walls with polystyrene foam), but extruded.
- For concrete walls any will do insulation, but subject to the placement of a vapor barrier material, such as foil, on one of its surfaces.
Insulation with foam phenol
To achieve the maximum effect, it is necessary to provide an air gap of up to two centimeters on both sides. In this case, roll foam is attached to a wooden crate attached to the base.
For this:
- Wooden planks two centimeters thick are attached to the wall surface vertically or horizontally in increments along the width of the roll.
- IN wooden walls planks are fastened with self-tapping screws, for concrete and brick walls dowels are used.
- Strips of the required length are cut from the roll of material and shot with staples using a construction stapler to the planks.
- Installation of penofol sheets is carried out end-to-end, with the foil side inside the room.
- All joints are carefully glued with aluminum tape.
- They are installed and fastened with self-tapping screws to the crate of the lath, providing an external air gap.
- Outside, the walls are lined with plasterboard sheets, clapboard or other materials.
Use of mineral wool
This is a more complex process that requires the use of additional elements - wooden slats.
The installation procedure is as follows:
- Vertical slats are installed on the walls, using a building level to ensure one plane for all elements.
- Fitted between the rails waterproofing material, and fixed directly to the rails.
- The heater itself is installed.
Tip: In order not to form “cold bridges”, the heat-insulating material must be laid very tightly in the space between the slats, cutting it to a size slightly larger than the distance between the slats. There should be no gaps between the canvases.
- The vapor barrier material is laid and attached to the rails.
- In the absence of a plaster layer, it is better to lay mineral wool in two layers.
Insulation with expanded polystyrene
This is quite simple and cheap option apartment insulation. If the masonry of the wall is made of brick, it must first of all be plastered.
Then:
- After the coating dries, the wall is leveled with putty.
- A waterproofing material is laid, which gives a 100% guarantee of protecting the wall from the formation of condensate at the junction between it and the insulation.
- Insulation sheets are laid on a special glue. In this case, the composition is applied to the surface of the wall, and not to the foam.
- Foam panels are located end to end, without gaps (see Fig. How do-it-yourself wall insulation with polystyrene foam is performed).
- Vapor barrier material is laid.
Insulation with polyurethane foam
For spraying polyurethane foam, special equipment is used.
Wherein:
- A wooden crate is mounted on the wall, which will serve as guides when spraying the material and the basis for fixing the decorative finish.
- Polyurethane foam is being installed.
- Finishing panels are attached.
The use of plaster
Before you insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside with plaster, you need to get acquainted with a number of features and nuances of the work. Apply warm plaster on the walls in three layers:
- A spray is made from a liquid plaster solution to ensure its penetration into all cracks. The composition is thrown onto the wall evenly and with effort, with a layer thickness of up to 10 millimeters.
- A layer of soil is applied. When thermal insulation with plaster, it is the main one. The thickness of the coating is 50-60 millimeters.
Tip: The primer should be applied in two or three layers, the thickness of each should be 20-30 millimeters. This will prevent the coating from separating from the wall under its own weight. Each layer must dry well after application.
- Covering is in progress. This is the finishing layer, the thickness of which is up to 5 millimeters. For its manufacture, pure fine sand diluted with water is used. The composition is simply rubbed into the surface of the wall, forming a flat surface.
How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside with a cork, the video will tell. The process begins with the preparation of the walls to a perfectly flat surface, the control of which is carried out by the building level.
For this:
- Insufficiently smooth wall surfaces are plastered, any protrusions, cracks, depressions and other flaws are removed.
- The room is left to dry.
Tip: It is impossible to insulate the walls inside the room with cork material on damp surfaces. This will cause deformation of the panels and the appearance of fungus.
- When installing the insulation, the instructions for using the adhesive must be strictly observed.
- Durability of a covering at operation will provide exact observance of technology of work.
- A cork cloth coated with glue is applied to the wall and strengthened. At the same time, everything must be done carefully and accurately: many adhesive bases for cork seize almost instantly, which will not allow changing the location of the panel after laying it on the wall.
- When installing the cork, it is necessary to ensure thorough ventilation of the room, the adhesive bases have toxicity and a sharp unpleasant odor.
The article briefly describes how to insulate the walls in the apartment from the inside. But you should always follow simple rules: apply the right heaters in the right places, find the real reason for the penetration of cold into the apartment and eliminate it.
In order to qualitatively insulate a wall in an apartment, you need not only to know what material is suitable for such purposes, but also to understand all the nuances of installation. Particularly noteworthy are the corner apartments, where there are "cold" walls. But besides this, there are a few more features that must be taken into account.
Features of wall insulation in the apartment
In brick and panel houses there are many problematic issues with insulation. If they are not given due attention, then with the advent of cold weather this will manifest itself.
Rules for insulating the walls of the apartment from the inside
Among the features of wall insulation in the apartment, it is worth highlighting the following:
- Cold wall. This is the surface that directly "goes out" to the street. Due to temperature changes, it is prone to the formation of dampness, and later mold. The current requirements of SNiP indicate the need for its insulation from the outside, although this is not always possible.
- Dew point. This term is used to define the boundary where the temperature of water vapor becomes equal to the indicator of the appearance of condensate. The problem manifests itself with the advent of cold weather. If the insulation is carried out from the outside, then the border will shift to the street side, with the inside - inward. In the future, this threatens the appearance of moisture on the walls from the side of the apartment, because water can accumulate directly inside the insulation itself.
To avoid condensation, you can use the following tips:
- for thermal insulation, use the material whose vapor permeability index is less than that of the facade material;
- the insulation must have a minimum moisture absorption and vapor permeability;
- seal all joints with a vapor barrier film and waterproof tape;
- if the installation is carried out with the help of glue, then a comb spatula is used in the work, which allows you to carefully apply the mixture on the surface;
- before installing the insulation, the walls must be properly prepared - cleaned, treated with an antiseptic and a primer;
- the apartment must be equipped with high-quality ventilation (natural or forced type).
Consequences of condensation - mold and fungus on the walls Important! Efficiency also depends on the correct calculation of the thickness of the material. It depends on the average temperature in winter in a particular region.
Insulation: design options
The modern market represents a wide range of insulating materials. Each option has its strengths and weaknesses. The choice must be made on the basis of specifications material, as the quality of insulation depends on it.
There are a number important points, which should be taken into account when selecting a heat insulator:
- the level of heat conduction;
- fire resistance;
- breathability;
- environmental Safety;
- parameters of waterproofing properties;
- life time.
Wall insulation for an apartment should have high parameters for all these characteristics. And in order to know what is the best way to insulate the walls in the apartment from the inside, you need to know what options are available for this.
Mineral wool
A budget option that has long been used in construction. It has high thermal insulation, vapor and air permeability, but this material is afraid of moisture. The structure of the mineral wool has a high porosity, which absorbs any water into itself. This leads to a set of masses of material, because of which it simply will not be able to continue to stay on the wall. Besides high humidity- an excellent environment for the development of mold and fungus.
Mineral wool During the installation process, a frame is created from special guides, which will serve as "cells" for laying the layers. Such a process does not require much effort and time. But mineral wool tends to deform, so after 10-15 years it is recommended to remove the top coat and renew the insulation.
Styrofoam
The material is made of expanded polystyrene, which is highly resistant to moisture, while allowing concrete walls"breathe". The price is quite affordable, so many people use it for insulation.
Among the shortcomings it is worth noting:
- poor water permeability - the accumulation of moisture leads to the destruction of the walls, so polystyrene foam is not used to decorate wooden walls;
- easy flammability.
Styrofoam But such material lasts much longer than the previous version.
Expanded polystyrene is distinguished by high rates of thermal insulation properties, due to which it is possible to use it for warming not only internal, but also external walls. The fixation of the material is carried out using a special glue.
Extruded polystyrene foam
This heater is a more advanced version of the previous version. It has a more elastic and flexible structure, due to which installation is greatly facilitated. This insulation is well tolerated by any treatment. It also has good moisture resistance, light weight and affordable price.
Extruded polystyrene foam "Penoplex" Among the minuses, it is worth highlighting the complexity of joining the sheets. But modern manufacturers have managed to alleviate this moment - there are plates on sale where the end sides are designed in the form of grooves. Thus, the fitting of elements during the installation process is greatly simplified. Fixing to the wall is carried out with glue or by creating a metal frame.
Styrofoam
One more a budget option wall insulation. High thermal insulation properties of the material are ensured by the presence of gas in the composition (more than 95%). It also has high waterproofing, soundproofing and low flammability. In addition, its cost is quite affordable for everyone.
Styrofoam can be insulated, both external and internal walls. Therefore, it is often used not only in private houses, but also in multi-apartment buildings.
Foam insulation Keramoizol
This option appeared on the construction market relatively not so long ago. Unlike previous heaters, keramoizol is sold in containers, and not in slabs or rolls. This mixture is sold in different volumes.
Keramoizol is convenient to apply, as it does not require the creation of frames and other fixing bases. At the same time, such a heater has good thermal insulation, water resistance and vapor resistance. The liquid structure allows maximum processing of the walls without worrying about joints and corner joints.
Keramoizol for wall treatment During installation, several layers are required. Experts recommend covering the freezing wall at least 6 times to maximize thermal insulation. The imposition of each subsequent layer is perpendicular to the previous one. The application process may take longer than the installation of foam. But if we take into account the efforts to create a frame, then this moment becomes equal.
The only disadvantage of keramoizol is the high price.
Penoizol
This is one of the varieties of polyurethane, which is applied to the walls in the form of foam. The most high efficiency manifests itself when insulating brick walls. The mixture quickly hardens, while reliably sealing any joints and holes in the surface. The absence of air in the foam ensures reliable processing of seams and joints.
Application of liquid insulation Penoizol has high heat and waterproofing, is not a combustible material and does not emit any toxins during operation. One of the advantages of this heater is the speed of work. True, after the foam has completely dried, it will be necessary to further level the surface, since it does not harden evenly, acquiring a relief structure.
Astratek
This insulation has the form of a suspension in which there are solid components from various polymers. To process the wall here you will need an airbrush or a paint brush. In the first case, there are additional costs, although such a tool saves time and effort. For full insulation, you will need to apply a layer of 1 cm, which in its properties will correspond to a layer of 50 cm of mineral wool.
Liquid thermal insulation Astratek Such material is convenient in that it does not “eat up” the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room. In addition, with the right kneading, a homogeneous structure will allow you to immediately proceed to the finishing design. Therefore, Astratek is often used for wallpaper, as it does not require additional alignment. But for the sake of justice, it is worth saying that such a heater is expensive, so it is not often used for large areas.
Having familiarized yourself with all the pros and cons of each heater, it becomes not so difficult to make a choice of how you can insulate the walls from the inside in the apartment.
wall insulation process
Regardless of the type of insulation, the installation process has mandatory steps. The service life of the material and the temperature regime in the apartment depend on the quality of their implementation.
Training
One of the important points is the preparation of the walls for the installation of insulation. First of all, the old coating is removed from all surfaces. Wallpaper is easy to remove if you first sprinkle it with water, and then use a spatula to remove the paper from the walls. If even the smallest particles remain, this can prevent the insulation from fully performing its functions.
If the wall has irregularities, then it will need to be leveled. This requirement can be met with putty or drywall. But in the latter case, the material can already become a kind of additional insulation. This approach is used for significant wall defects (irregularities of more than 1 cm) and it requires additional financial investments, since drywall is attached only to a metal frame.
After the wall is cleaned and the putty dries completely, it is treated with a special antiseptic solution. This layer provides protection against mold and mildew in the future. There are different mixtures, each of which has its own application method. Manufacturers indicate instructions for use on the package with the mixture, so there will be no problems with mixing. Next, the surface is covered with a primer in two layers - each subsequent one is applied after the previous one dries.
An important point is the vapor barrier. The best option is considered to be high quality polyethylene. Fixation can occur with a construction stapler, glue or foil tape. Also, all joints are treated with adhesive tape in order to achieve complete insulation.
Before insulating the wall in corner apartment, you need to process the connection points with the overlap and the corners from the inside. In such areas, a heat and vapor barrier is applied. Then they can be masked with a box or false column.
Mounting
For high-quality insulation, you will need to make a “pie”. IN this case it will be several layers various materials, each with its own purpose. Depending on what material was chosen for insulation, installation can be carried out using glue or creating a frame.
The method of fastening the insulation directly depends on the finishing of the walls. Therefore, warming in the room can occur in one of the following ways:
- Frame. Use when there is no need for plastering walls. This approach allows you to save fragile insulation (for example, foam) from mechanical damage. To create a base, wooden bars (previously treated with an antiseptic) or a metal profile may be suitable. For fixing on the surface, dowels or self-tapping screws are used. The distance between the posts should be equal to the width of the material. If the insulation has a dense structure, then the cell should be exactly 50 cm smaller than the dimensions of the plate or roll. In the case of soft material, the cell size will need to be reduced by 1.5-2 cm. As soon as the insulation is laid in the gaps, all joints are treated with mounting foam. After it dries, you will need to remove all its excess with an ordinary or clerical knife. Next comes the finishing touches.
Mineral wool installation - Glue. This type of fastening requires careful preparation of the walls, which includes alignment. All cracks are treated with putty, and if there are protrusions, they must be chipped off, and such places are sealed with mortar. To apply the adhesive, you will need a notched trowel. The solution is prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions, which is indicated on the package. The mixture is applied to the wall and to the insulation, after which the material is pressed tightly against the wall. The glue dries for 2-3 days, depending on the manufacturer, after which it will be necessary to additionally fix the insulation with the help of umbrella dowels.
Fixing insulation with glue Important! If the work is carried out on glue, then the wall is pre-marked. This will allow for a neat installation. You should not immediately cover the entire surface with the mixture, as it will have time to dry before one side of the wall is insulated.
Adhesive fixing is acceptable in cases where insulation is carried out using foam, wood fiber, foam or foil insulation. For other materials, a frame system can be used.
Final works
After the insulation is fixed on the walls, you can proceed to the final stage. At the end of the installation, hydro and vapor protection is fixed on top of the material. The film is attached using special rails or a construction stapler. The edges should go to adjacent surfaces and be fixed with a sealant.
After all the stages, the walls are ready for final finishing. If you plan to glue wallpaper or use decorative tiles, then in this case you still need to create a drywall base. Usually, when working with slabs, at the final stage they are plastered and pasted over with a forming reinforcing mesh, on top of which a gypsum mixture is then applied. After plastering and stripping, the wall is ready for decorative processing - painting, wallpapering or tiling, etc.
Plasterboard leveling is an easy undertaking. But it requires the implementation of all stages, especially with regard to the preparation of the walls. If the base is not treated appropriately, then very soon condensation will appear inside the “pie”, which will begin to destroy the insulation from the inside. Therefore, it is better to spend energy and money on preparation once, but then spend cold winters in a warm apartment.
