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Calculation of the power of the heating boiler. Heating system. Calculating the power of a heating boiler How to calculate a heating boiler

The heating boiler is the basis of the heating system, it is the main device, the performance of which will determine the ability of the communication network to provide the house with the amount of heat that is needed. And if you calculate the power of the heating boiler correctly and correctly, then this will eliminate the occurrence of unnecessary costs that are associated with the purchase of appliances and their operation. The boiler selected according to preliminary calculations will work with such heat transfer, which is incorporated into it by the manufacturer - this will help to maintain its technical parameters.

What is the calculation based on?

Calculation of the power of the heating boiler is important point. Power, as a rule, can be compared with the entire heat output of the heating system, which will provide a house with a certain size, with a given number of floors, and thermal properties.

To equip a one-story country or private house, you do not need a very powerful heating boiler.

So, in calculating the performance of the boiler for autonomous home the area is the main parameter if we consider the heat engineering of the building in accordance with the climate of the region. So, the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is the most important parameter in order to calculate the boiler for heating.

Characteristics that will affect the calculation

Those who want to calculate the boiler for home heating with maximum accuracy can use the methodology provided by SNiP II-3-79. IN this case professional calculations will take into account the following factors:

The average temperature of the region in the coldest time.
Insulating properties of materials that were used to build building envelopes.
Type of wiring of the heating circuit.
The ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bbearing structures and openings.
Separate information about each room.

How to calculate the power of a heating boiler? To perform the most accurate calculations, even information such as data on household and digital appliances is used - after all, all this also somehow releases heat into the premises.

However, we note that not every owner of the heating system requires professional calculations - it is usually customary to purchase autonomous heating circuits with devices with a power reserve.

So, the efficiency of heating boilers can be higher than the calculated values, especially since they are usually rounded off.

What is required to be taken into account?

How to calculate the power of a heating boiler, what data must be present without fail? One rule to remember is that every 10 sq.m of a cottage with insulating characteristics, the standard ceiling height limit (up to 3m) will require approximately 1 kW for heating. To the power of the boiler, which is designed to work together in heating and hot water supply, you will need to add at least 20%.

An autonomous heating circuit, which has unstable pressure in the heating boiler, will need to be equipped with a device so that its power reserve is at least 15 percent higher than the calculated value. To the power of the boiler, which provides heating and hot water, you need to add 15%.

We take into account heat loss

Note that regardless of whether the power of the electric boiler, gas boiler, diesel or wood is calculated, in any case, the operation of the heating system will be accompanied by heat loss:

It is necessary to ventilate the premises, however, if the windows are constantly open, the house will lose about 15% of energy.
If the walls are poorly insulated, then 35% of the heat will go away.
Through the window openings, 10% of the heat will go away, and if the frames are of the old model, then even more.
If the floor is not insulated, then 15% of the heat will be transferred to the basement or the ground.
25% of the heat will go through the roof.

The simplest formula

Thermal calculations in any case will have to be rounded off and also increased in order to provide a power reserve. That is why, in order to determine the power of a heating boiler, it will be possible to use a very simple formula:

W \u003d S * Wsp.

Here S is the total area of the heated building, which takes into account residential and household rooms in sq.m.

W is the power of the heating boiler, kW.

Wud. - this is the average specific power, this parameter is used for calculations taking into account a certain climatic zone, kW / sq.m. And it is worth noting that this characteristic is based on many years of experience. different systems heating in the regions. And when we multiply the area by this indicator, we get the average power value. It will need to be adjusted based on the features listed above.

Calculation example

Consider an example using a heating boiler power calculator. Natural gas is the most affordable fuel used in Russia. For this reason, it is so common and in demand. Therefore, we will calculate the power of a gas boiler. And as an example, let's take a private house with an area of 140 sq.m. Territory - Krasnodar region. Also in the example, we take into account that our boiler will provide not only heating the house, but also plumbing fixtures with water. We will do the calculations for a system with natural circulation, the pressure here will not be maintained by the circulation pump.

Specific power - 0.85 kW/sq.m.

So, 140 sq.m / 10 sq.m = 14 - this is an intermediate coefficient of calculations. It will provide for the condition that for every 10 square meters of heated premises, 1 kW of heat will be required, which will be provided by the boiler.

14 * 0.85 = 11.9 kW.

We receive thermal energy that the house will need, which has standard thermal properties. To provide hot water for the shower, sinks - we will add another 20%.

11.9 + 11.9 * 0.2 = 14.28 kW.

We do not use circulation pump, so we should be aware that the pressure here can be unstable. Therefore, we must add another 15% to ensure the reserve of heat energy.

14.28 + 11.9 * 0.15 = 16.07 kW.

Also be aware that there will be some heat leakage. That's why we have to round our result up. Thus, we need a heating boiler with a capacity of at least 17 kW.

As a rule, the calculation of the power of the heating boiler is carried out at the design stage of the building. After all, in order for the heating system to work effectively, specific conditions are required - the arrangement of the furnace room, the supply of rooms with a chimney and ventilation.

Fulfilling repair work, which are associated with the replacement of heating equipment, or when designing a heating system for a new house, you must be able to calculate the heat output for the planned heating system. It is this calculation that will make it possible to make a decision that can provide optimal, efficient and economical heating of all housing. How to calculate the power of a gas boiler, and how much information is needed for this, is indicated in this review.

TMK - What is this indicator and how to work with it

However, this value in itself does not give any idea of what area of the premises can be heated with this boiler. It is also not clear how heat consumption will be affected external factors, and how much heat will go to cover the objective heat loss in each case.

Taking into account all the circumstances under which the heating system will operate will make it possible to determine how much heat power should be transferred to external devices in order to provide the owners with the heat they need in the house.

It is necessary to start the calculation with the simplest.

Calculation of the required heat output by area

Preliminary data on the required power of a gas boiler can be obtained by making a simple calculation of the power of a gas boiler by area using the formula:

Boiler power \u003d Heated area (sq.m.) x Boiler specific power / 10

The specific power of a gas boiler (UMK) is a value calculated for each region of Russia, which is:

The obtained MK is relevant for single-circuit boilers that provide only heating.

Thus, if it is necessary to heat a residential building of 100 sq.m. in the Moscow region, then the calculation of the gas boiler for the area of \u200b\u200bthe house will look like this:

100×1.5/10 = 15 kW

But do not rush to look gas boilers fifteen watts. It is necessary to determine the sources of heat loss and the total heat loss of the building or apartment. Building codes determine that heat losses occur through all the enclosures of the premises (walls, windows, doors, ceilings, floors).

General formula for determining heat loss for building envelopes

Heat loss coefficient = heat transfer coefficient of the enclosure multiplied by the total area of the enclosure and the difference between the indoor temperature and the outdoor temperature environment.

All heat loss and heat transfer coefficients are measured in W / (m.kv * C).
The area of enclosing structures is calculated according to the project.
The lowest possible ambient temperatures for a particular region are published in information guides.
The internal temperature is determined by the order of the customer of the construction or repair work.
Determination of heat loss through walls and ceiling - the table shows the thermal conductivity of the main materials

To calculate the heat loss through the walls and ceiling, it is necessary to determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity building materials, of which these enclosing structures consist, and the thickness of each layer of a certain building material.

To calculate it, you will need the following indicators:

a(vn) is a coefficient that determines the intensity of heat transfer from the internal air in the room to the walls and ceiling. Usually a constant value is taken - 8.7;
a (нр) is a coefficient that determines the intensity of heat transfer from the walls and ceiling to the outside air. Usually a constant value is taken - 23 (for heated rooms).
k - thermal conductivity of building materials from which the walls and ceiling are made;
d - the thickness of each layer of building materials.

The formula for calculating the thermal conductivity coefficient:

The calculation is made separately for the walls and separately for the ceiling.

K (st) - the heat transfer coefficient of glass or double-glazed window determined by the manufacturer;
F(st) - area of glass or double-glazed window;
K(p) - the heat transfer coefficient of the frame determined by the manufacturer;
F(p) - frame area;
P is the perimeter of the glass.

Calculation: K (windows) \u003d K (st) * F (st) + K (p) * F (p) + P / F (windows)

The coefficient of thermal conductivity for doors is also calculated. Only instead of the values for the materials from which the windows are made, the values for the materials from which the doors are made are substituted.

An unheated floor gives a heat loss of approximately 10%, and the calculation is made using the same formula that calculates the heat loss of walls and ceilings. The same formula for calculating the thermal conductivity of the floor.

However, there is a subtlety in the calculation of thermal conductivity for each zone of the floor. There are four zones in total and they are located in the direction of movement from the outer walls to the center of the room.

Average heat loss values for building envelopes

On average, heat loss is determined by:

through windows and doors - up to 50% of heat;
through walls and ceiling - 15%;
through the floor - 10%.

Using the entire amount of information listed, you can independently draw conclusions about the state of thermal insulation of the house and, if necessary, take measures to insulate certain building envelopes.

Having received information about how much heat generated by the gas boiler will go to heat loss, it is necessary to correct the indicator that gave the calculation of the power of the gas heating boiler from the area. To do this, the preliminary power of the boiler is multiplied by the heat loss coefficient - 0.75.

Those who do not have the ability to independently make complex calculations can use the power calculator. However, before calculating the power of a gas boiler with a calculator, it is necessary to measure the building structures of the house (according to the current technical plan or directly at the facility, using a laser ruler).

Boiler power selection - video

Calculation of the power of a gas boiler depending on the equipment

There is no such parameter in the heating system that would not affect the determination of the required heat output of a gas boiler:

specifications the boiler itself and heating equipment;
the use of the boiler not only for heating, but also for heating water;
boiler draft type;
type of use of heat of combustion of fuel.

All of the above should be taken into account in the process of finding the answer to the question of how to choose the right gas heating boiler.

Technical characteristics of the boiler and its heat output:

the larger the boiler heat exchanger, the more heat output will be spent on heating the coolant;
depending on what the heat exchanger is made of - cast iron, steel or copper, it is necessary to determine the operating mode of the boiler, since the listed materials have different inertia;
a double-circuit boiler (designed not only for heating, but also for heating water) will take up to 25% of the heat output specifically for hot water supply (hot water supply);
if the working type of boiler draft is forced, then the thermal power of such a boiler is higher than that of a boiler with natural draft;
a condensing gas boiler produces more heat than a convection one, its efficiency is about 110%, respectively, there will be much less loss of rated heat output;
boiler automation must regulate the temperature of the heat carrier and, accordingly, the supplied heat output.

Calculation of the power of a wall and floor gas boiler

For small residential premises or residential buildings, you can choose a wall-mounted gas boiler. These boilers are classified as low-power, but they are much more economical. In addition, the wall-mounted boiler is sold with all accessories: pump, expansion tank, measuring instruments etc. A complete set of heating equipment provides the least loss of heat produced and the highest efficiency.

Equipment for floor boilers is determined by the designers and purchased separately. With any miscalculations in the project, the entire heating system will malfunction.

How to choose a gas boiler for a cottage

150*1.5/10=22.5kW;

Accounting for the heat loss coefficient can be taken in half of the calculated value, since the maximum indicators were taken for its calculation;

22.5 kW * 0.3 = 6.75 kW;

22.5 kW + 6.75 k. W = 29.25 k. W - the calculated thermal power of the gas boiler.

An important role in calculating the required power of a gas boiler is played by the technical characteristics of pipes and radiators. The slower the coolant cools, the greater the efficiency of the entire heating system.

The main question that arises when it is necessary to install autonomous heating at home is how to calculate the power of a gas boiler so that it is comfortable in residential premises in winter, and at the same time avoid unnecessary costs. It would be erroneous to think that you can choose a boiler without calculation, simply by installing a unit with a large power reserve, since all modern heat generators are equipped with automation systems that allow you to regulate fuel consumption. However, the installation of a boiler unit, the capacity of which will exceed the actual heat demand, will, firstly, lead to additional costs for the purchase of the boiler itself and related components, and secondly, to its inefficient operation, which can cause automation failures and increased equipment wear.

For large objects, boiler units are selected by designers on the basis of complex calculations, but for low-rise private houses this can be done independently using simplified methods.

Boiler power calculation

Wall-mounted boiler with piping

The calculation of the power of a gas boiler using simplified methods can be made both for an apartment or a house built according to a standard project, and for a private house built according to an individual project.

Calculation for a typical house

For a simplified calculation of the boiler power for a typical house, we proceed from the norm of the required specific heat output of the boiler Um = 1 kW / 10 m2, which means that 1 kW of thermal energy is required to maintain a comfortable temperature in a room of 10 m2. The calculation does not take into account the volume of premises, since in all houses built according to standard projects, the height of the premises does not exceed 3 meters.

The formula for calculating the power of the boiler unit is as follows:

Rm \u003d Um x P x Kr

P - the sum of all areas of heated premises;
Kp - coefficient taking into account climatic features regions.

Since in Russia the climate in the regions is significantly different, a correction factor Kr is introduced, the value of which is taken:

for the regions of the south of Russia - 0.9;
for the regions of the middle zone - 1.2;
for the Moscow region - 1.5;
for the northern regions - 2.0.

For example, for an apartment or house with a total area of 120 m2, located in the Moscow region, the required boiler capacity will be:

Rm \u003d 120 x 1.5 / 10 \u003d 18 kW

The example shows the calculation for a boiler used for heating purposes only. In the case when it is necessary to calculate the power of a two-circuit unit intended, in addition to heating, for hot water supply, the power obtained by the formula should be increased by about 30%. In this case, the optimal boiler power will be: 18 x 1.3 = 23.4 kW. Since the capacities of the boilers offered by manufacturers are given in whole numbers, you should choose a unit with the closest power to the calculated indicator - 25 kW.

Calculation of boiler power for an individual house

Heating system of a private house

The calculation of the power of a gas boiler for a house built according to an individual project is more accurate, since it takes into account the height of the premises and some other parameters. The calculation is made according to the formula:

Rm \u003d Tp x Kz

Rm - the required design power of the boiler unit;
Tp - possible heat losses of the building;
Kz - safety factor, taken within 1.15-1.2.

In turn, the value of the possible heat loss of the building is calculated by the following formula:

Tp \u003d Oz x Rt x Kr

Oz - the total volume of heated premises of the house;
Рт - temperature difference between outdoor air and indoor air;
Кр is a coefficient that takes into account the dissipation of thermal energy and depends on the type of enclosing structures of the house, the type of filling of window openings, and the degree of insulation of the building.

The value of the dispersion coefficient is taken for:

buildings with a low degree of thermal protection, the walls of which, for example, are made of bricks without a layer of insulation with standard wooden windows, equal to 2.0-2.9;
for buildings with an average degree of thermal protection, double walls with insulation, a small number of windows, equal to 1.0-1.9;
for houses with a high degree thermal protection - with insulated floors, double-glazed windows, wooden frame windows, made of timber or logs, etc., equal to 0.6-0.9.

For example, for a house with an average degree of thermal protection, a total volume of heated rooms of 630 m and indoor air 45 (calculated as the difference between reference temperature in residential premises, taken equal to 20 degrees, and the temperature of the coldest period of the year according to SNiP for this region, for example, 25 degrees below zero) the amount of heat loss will be equal to:

Tp \u003d 630 x 45 x 1.0 \u003d 28350 W.

The design power of the boiler will then be:

Rm \u003d 28.35 x 1.2 \u003d 34 kW

Calculation of boiler power using a calculator on the manufacturer's website

Online calculator

Many manufacturers or companies that sell heating equipment offer online calculators on their websites. Usually, for such a calculation, you simply need to enter the following parameters into the calculator program:

the temperature to be maintained in the house;
outside air temperature during the coldest period of the year;
the need for hot water supply;
the presence of a forced ventilation system;
number of storeys of the house;
the height of the premises;
the nature of the floor structure;
parameters of external walls - from what material, is there or is there no insulation;
information about the length of each outer wall;
information about the number and size of window openings and the nature of their filling;

All this data is easy to determine on your own, and then it only remains to insert them into the relevant departments of the program and get a ready-made calculation of the boiler power.

Detailed video lesson on the calculation:

Don't forget to rate the article.

Choice necessary equipment for the heating system is an extremely important task. Owners of private houses must face it, and in Lately and many apartment owners strive to achieve complete independence in this matter by creating their own autonomous systems. And one of key points, of course, is a matter of choosing a boiler.

If the housing is connected to the main supply of natural gas, then there is nothing to think about - the best solution would be to install gas equipment. The operation of such a heating system is incomparably more economical than all the others - the cost of gas is relatively low, especially in comparison with electricity. All sorts of problems related to the additional purchase, transportation and storage of fuel, which are typical for solid or liquid fuel installations, disappear. Subject to all installation requirements and compliance with the rules of use, it is quite safe and has high performance. The main thing is to correctly determine the desired model, for which you need to know how to choose a gas boiler, so that it fully meets the specific operating conditions, meets the wishes of the owners in terms of functionality and ease of use.

The main parameters for choosing a gas boiler

There are a number of criteria by which the model of the purchased boiler should be evaluated. It should be immediately noted that almost all of them are interconnected and even interdependent, therefore, they must be considered immediately and in a complex:

The key parameter is the total thermal power of the gas boiler, which must correspond to the tasks of a particular heating system.
The location of the future installation of the boiler - this criterion will very often depend on the power mentioned above.
Type of boiler according to the layout - wall or floor. The choice also lies in direct proportion to both the power and the installation site.

The type of boiler burner - open or closed - will also depend on the same criteria. Accordingly, a system for the removal of combustion products is organized - through a conventional chimney with natural draft or through a forced smoke exhaust system.
Number of circuits - will the boiler be used only for heating needs, or will it also take over the provision hot water. If a double-circuit boiler is selected, then its type is taken into account according to the structure of the heat exchangers.
The degree of dependence of the boiler on energy supply. This parameter is especially important to take into account in cases where power outages in a settlement occur with frightening regularity.
Of great importance may be the additional equipment of the boiler with the elements necessary for effective work heating systems, the presence of built-in control systems and ensuring the safety of operation.
And finally, the manufacturer of the boiler, and, of course, the price, which will depend on many of the factors listed above.

The first step is to correctly determine the power of the boiler

It is simply impossible to proceed to the choice of any boiler, if there is no clarity, there must be a heating installation.

The technical documentation of the boiler must indicate the value of the rated power, and in addition, recommendations are often given for heating approximately how much space it is designed for. However, these recommendations can be considered rather conditional, since they do not take into account the "specifics", that is, the actual operating conditions and features of the house or apartment.

The same caution should be applied to widespread“axiom” that heating 10 m² of housing area requires 1 kW of thermal energy. This value is also very approximate, which can only be valid under certain conditions - the average height of the ceilings, one external wall with one window, etc. In addition, the climate zone, the location of the premises relative to the cardinal points and a number of other important parameters are not taken into account at all.

According to all the rules, heat engineering calculations can only be carried out by specialists. However, we will take the liberty of offering the reader a methodology for self-calculating power, taking into account most of the factors affecting the efficiency of heating a house. With such a calculation, the error, of course, will be, but within quite acceptable limits.

The method is based on the calculation of the required heat output for each room where heating radiators will be installed, with the subsequent summation of the values. Well, the following parameters act as initial data:

Room area.
Ceiling height.
Quantity external walls, the degree of their insulation, location relative to the cardinal points.
The level of minimum winter temperatures for the region of residence.
Number, size and type of windows.
"Neighborhood" of the premises vertically - for example, heated rooms, a cold attic, etc.
The presence or absence of doors to the street or to a cold balcony.

Any owner of a house or apartment has a plan for his housing. Putting it in front of you, it will not be difficult to make a table (in an office application or even just on a piece of paper), which indicates all the heated rooms and their characteristic features. For example, as shown below:

Room:	Area, ceiling height	External walls (number where to look)	Number, type and size of windows	Existence of a door to the street or a balcony	Required heat output
TOTAL:	92.8 m²				13.54 kW
1st floor, insulated floors
Hall	9.9 m², 3 m	one, West	one, two-chamber double-glazed window, 110×80	No	0.94 kW
Kitchen	10.6 m, 3 m	one, south	one, wooden frame, 130×100	No	1.74 kW
Living room	18.8 m², 3 m	three, north, east	four, double-glazed window, 110×80	No	2.88 kW
Tambour	4.2 m², 3 m	one, West	No	one	0.69 kW
Bathroom premises	6 m², 3 m	one, North	No	No	0.70 kW
2nd floor, above - a cold attic
Hall	5.1 m², 3 m	one, North	No	No	0.49 kW
Bedroom #1	16.5 m², 3 m	three, south, west	one, double-glazed window, 120×100	No	1.74 kW
Bedroom #2	13.2 m², 3 m	two, north, east		No	1.63 kW
Bedroom #3	17.5 m², 3 m	two, east, south	two, double-glazed window, 120×100	one	2.73 kW

After the table is compiled, you can proceed to the calculations. To do this, below is a handy calculator that will help you quickly determine the required heat output for each of the premises.

The level of negative outdoor temperatures is taken from the average characteristic for the coldest decade of winter in the region of residence.

There are currently quite a few big choice heating appliances, with which you can effectively organize an autonomous heating system. Consumers' desire to reduce dependence on centralized heat and power services is understandable. Saving money spent on gas heating, is a significant factor that residents of private houses pay attention to.

In addition, it is not always technologically possible to connect to a centralized gas supply. In such a situation, solid fuel boiler equipment comes into play. A powerful solid fuel boiler is a great alternative gas equipment. Manufacturers have managed not only to improve the manufacturability of heating equipment of this type, but also to achieve a significant increase in the efficiency of solid fuel units. Large power and high efficiency of a solid fuel boiler operating on various types fossil and fossil fuels, make such devices in demand and popular.

An important aspect in order to choose the right heating device for your own needs is the calculation of the boiler power. Let's take a closer look at how to do this and what you should pay attention to.

Why is it necessary to calculate the power of the heating device

The appearance of heating equipment, high technological characteristics, declared in technical passport, give only a superficial idea of the technical capabilities of a solid fuel boiler. The main parameter influencing your choice is the power of the device. In pursuit of it, we sometimes draw hasty conclusions and overpay, acquiring powerful units that do not meet real requirements and tasks.

Price-quality + heat output, the ratio is of decisive importance for any heating equipment. Manufacturers offer the consumer heating boilers of the most different models, each of which corresponds to certain operating conditions. Despite this, in each hotel case it is important to have an understanding of how the heating device should work and what the resource of the heating unit will be spent on. Tailored to your needs and design features room parameter of operation of the heater on solid fuel, correct installation equipment, will bring the home heating system to the optimal mode of operation.

Many consumers are wondering. How to calculate the power of your own solid fuel boiler yourself, so that in the future there would be no problems with the operation of the heating system. There is nothing difficult. With a minimum of knowledge and effort, you can get preliminary data that give an idea of what a heating device should be and how it is better to heat it.

Heating boiler power - theory and real facts

A heating apparatus operating on coal, wood or other organic fuel performs certain work related to heating the coolant. The amount of work of boiler equipment is determined by the amount of heat load that a solid fuel boiler can withstand when a certain amount of fuel is burned. The ratio of the amount of fuel consumed, the amount of heat energy released at the optimal operating modes of the equipment is the boiler power.

An incorrectly selected heating unit in terms of power will not be able to provide the required temperature of the boiler water in the heating circuit. Low-power solid fuel devices will not allow an autonomous system to fully meet your needs in terms of heating your home and providing hot water. There will be a need to increase the power of an autonomous device. A powerful device, on the contrary, will create problems during operation. It will be necessary to make structural changes to the existing heating complex to reduce the thermal load of the solid fuel heating device. Why burn precious fuel in vain if there is no need for such an amount of heat.

For reference: exceeding the power of the boiler of the technological parameters of the heating system, leads to the fact that the coolant in the circuit will diverge impulsively. Frequent switching on and off of the heating unit leads to excessive fuel consumption, a decrease in the operational capabilities of the heating equipment as a whole.

From a theoretical point of view, it is not difficult to calculate the optimal operating mode of boiler equipment. It is tentatively considered that 10 kW is enough to heat a living area of 10 m 2. This indicator is taken taking into account the high thermal efficiency of the building and the standard design features of the building (ceiling height, glazing area).

In theory, the calculation is done based on the following parameters:

the area of the heated room;
specific power of heating equipment for heating 10 sq. m, taking into account the climatic conditions of your region.

The table shows the average parameters of boiler equipment used by consumers in the Moscow region:

The thermal load parameters look optimal on paper, in theory, which is clearly not enough in relation to local conditions. The selected unit in reality should have redundant capabilities. In reality, you need to focus on equipment that can work with a small margin of power.

On a note: The excess power of a solid fuel boiler will allow you to quickly reach the optimal operating mode for the entire heating system in the house. The additional resource should exceed the calculated data by 20-30%.

The actual load indicators of solid fuel units depend on the totality of the most various factors. The climatic conditions of the region in which you live may make adjustments when choosing a heating boiler. For the middle band, the following power parameters of boiler equipment are considered optimal:

one-room city apartment- a boiler with an output load of 4.16-5 kW;
for a two-room apartment - equipment with a nominal value of 5.85-6 kW;
a three-room apartment will be enough to have a unit of 8.71-10 kW;
a four-room apartment, a residential private house will require a boiler installation with parameters of 12-24 kW for heating.

Important! If a we are talking on the installation of solid fuel boiler equipment in private houses and suburban residential buildings, it is necessary to focus on devices of great technological capabilities. To heat and provide hot water supply to a residential building with an area of 150 m 2 or more, it will be necessary to install a solid fuel boiler of 24 kW or more. It all depends on the intensity of the heating system and the volume of household needs for hot water.

It is always necessary to choose heating equipment individually, based on the calculated data and your own needs.

Options for calculating the power of solid fuel units

The accuracy of your calculations depends on taking into account all the factors and indicators that we paid attention to above. For greater clarity, you can perform a number of actions that will give an idea of \u200b\u200bhow this is done.

The specific power of the heating device is indicated by the letter W. For regions of our country with a harsh climate, this parameter is 1.2-2 kW. In the southern regions, the specific value of the heater varies between 0.7-0.9 kW. The average value in this case is 1.2-1.5 kW.

First, we determine the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises to be heated. Further, we divide the obtained area data by the specific power of the boiler installed in the house in a certain area. We divide the result by 10, based on the theoretical ratio of the power consumed by the heating equipment for heating 10 square meters. meters.

For example: we calculate the maximum load of a coal-fired heating boiler for an average residential building with an area of 150 m 2.

The living area is 150 sq. meters.
The specific power of the heater for heating 10 m 2 is 1.5 kW.

We use the following formula for work: W = (150 x 1.5) / 10. As a result, we get 22.5 kW. The value obtained is the starting point for choosing an autonomous solid fuel boiler, taking into account the technological capabilities of the heating system and its own domestic needs.

On a note: having found a similar model of heating equipment, throw in 20-30% of the power to increase the technological capabilities of all heating equipment. The load on the DHW system, the comfortable temperature in the house, provided that the boiler is operating at optimal conditions, depends on the number of residents in the house.

The optimal choice of heating equipment - the nuances and subtleties of the issue

Having learned for yourself the necessary power parameters of a solid fuel boiler that will be in your house, you can proceed to the design and installation of the heating system. You should be aware that the declared data on the resource of the thermal load of the equipment affect the cost of the unit. Heating devices low power have limited technological capabilities and are designed mainly for heating small rooms. It can be country houses, saunas and country-style guest buildings.

If necessary, the question arises of how to increase the functionality and efficiency of a solid fuel device. In this case, there are reasonable technical and engineering solutions, with the help of which an increase in the efficiency of the boiler will give a tangible effect.

On a note: It is possible to significantly increase the efficiency of the device by installing an additional heat exchanger in the chimney, which will receive heat from volatile combustion wastes escaping into the atmosphere. The economizer (additional heat exchanger) will give an increase of 20-30% to the rated power of the boiler equipment.

Use for autonomous heating of residential buildings solid fuel boilers high power is impractical. Such equipment is bulky and requires a large area for the installation of a special room. Given the size and enormous power of industrial boiler equipment, one should be aware of the significant consumption of the fuel resource.

This technique is ideal for heating on an industrial scale. A lot of heat will be required when heating large industrial facilities and structures. Solid fuel units with a large thermal load are installed at enterprises.

findings

The selection of heating equipment is a complex and responsible task. Do not immediately chase after models of solid fuel units that have a lot of power. In some cases, for heating a residential building, it is enough to install a unit with output parameters of 24-36 kW. At a temperature outside the window of -30 0 C, such a boiler will make it possible to create an indoor temperature of + 20-22 0 C and heat water in the DHW system to 40-45 0 C.

In each individual case, you can make a choice in favor of one or another type of heating technology.

Large boiler power may be required in peak situations, when climatic conditions force the heating system to work in enhanced mode. However, such situations are not systematic, and most of the time your heater will operate at reduced modes. If you have a large expense hot water for domestic purposes, then you should immediately focus on equipment of greater power. In modern private houses, more than 50% of the power of heating equipment is used to provide hot water to the inhabitants of the house. Connecting the "warm floor" heating system also forces you to pay attention to boiler equipment with more power.

It is necessary to select a boiler not only based on its actual power. The operational capabilities of heating equipment, the method and quality of maintenance of boiler equipment play a role here. Using the optimal type of fuel for your heating equipment, the presence of automation will allow you to achieve the normal operation of a solid fuel boiler.