Autonomous sewerage for the house. Autonomous sewerage in a private house and for a summer residence, turnkey price in the description. What to choose from

IlonaP 4 years ago

Is it possible to equip a sewer well with your own hands? What rules are used to competently make a sewer well?

vasil-y

4 years ago

The storage well is designed to collect sewage. The order of its manufacture is as follows:

Well size calculation.

Select a well type.

Getting Started

Lead sewer pipes to the well. Build the walls of the well with brick, concrete, or stone. If possible, concrete rings can be installed in the pit.

moderator chose this answer as the best

Kim Chen In

4 years ago

A sewer well is not just one thing.

Species sewer wells a lot, and if you add the material for the manufacture of sewer wells, then there are dozens of options.

It's not clear which well you asked about.

Is it possible to equip a sewer well with your own hands?

I think that no, in addition to the tool, knowledge and experience, calculations are needed.

Before arranging the sewerage, it is necessary to draw up a project, the project must be approved by the SES (Sanepid Station).

The distances are maintained in accordance with SNiP 2 04 03-85 (there is also SanPiN), that is (for example, this is true, we don’t know anything about your soil) the distance from the fence to the well, at least 2 meters, from the foundation of a residential building at least 15, from a well to a sewer well at least 20 (again, you need to know everything about your soil), and so on there are a lot of positions.

Sewer pipes are laid at the stage of foundation construction, if you have not done this, then you need a tool ( diamond setting for drilling) to drill the foundation.

How to make a well for sewerage?

Since we still do not know what kind of well we are talking about, I am describing a well that is usually called a "cesspool".

Here, be careful in the city, such structures should be completely sealed.

In rural areas, it is allowed to equip cesspools without a bottom, but I emphasize once again that you need to know everything about the soil.

In our time, rarely does anyone "strain" with the arrangement of sewer wells from reinforced concrete rings, or even more so from bricks.

It’s more convenient, faster, more durable, there are no problems with sealing and you don’t need to involve special equipment; this is the purchase of a storage septic tank (if there is a choice, I advise you to stop at a seamless one).

The container is light, it can be lowered into the pit by hand.

Determine the volume yourself, start from the number of residents, from the number of plumbing fixtures and from the intensity of the use of sewage in general (you can calculate consumption based on the readings of water meters).

Do not forget to organize the entrance of the sewer truck.

And the stages of arrangement look like this:

Pit under the septic tank.

From the foundation pit to the house there is a trench, the depth is below the freezing of the soil.

The 110th pipe is laid in the trench, the slope from the house to the septic tank, the slope is 2 cm per meter of pipe.

At the bottom of the pit there is a sand cushion, a rammer, if without special equipment, then crushed stone, a rammer, a screed in the "ears" screed.

The screed dried up, the septic tank was lowered, "anchored", backfilling, insulation.

The pipe was brought into the septic tank.

Backfilling the trench (the pipe can also be insulated, see for yourself).

The sewer must have ventilation, a vertical riser was brought out (connected through a tee).

The pipe went into the house, they scattered the 50th pipe around the house.

In general, everything, a huge number of little things, this once again emphasizes the impossibility of independent work.

This is a complex system.

vasil-y

4 years ago

An autonomous sewer system on the site is made if centralized system far. It can be made with your own hands, without resorting to the help of builders. The simplest circuit sewer system consists of one storage well, where sewage merges, and pipelines through which sewage flows. In some cases, this scheme has to be complicated.

If the distance between the storage well and the house is very large, it is necessary to equip manholes. They are installed after 15 m and are designed to clean the system.

If it is impossible to make a straight pipeline and there is a need to turn it, a rotary well is built at the turn point.

If the piping angle is too steep, a drop well will be needed.

A filter well is made if you plan to build a septic tank on the site. It should be located after preliminary water treatment in the first chambers of the septic tank.

Each of the types of wells has its own design, dimensions and is mounted according to its instructions.

Consider the manufacturing technology of a storage well for a simple sewer system with one well.

The storage well is designed to collect sewage. The order of work is as follows:

Determine the location of the well.

It is dug in the lowest place of the site. From the house, the pit should be located at a distance of at least 3 m, from a source of drinking water - at least 30 m. A road should be laid to it for the entrance of a sewage truck.

Well size calculation.

One person accounts for 150-200 liters of wastewater per day. The well should have a three-day supply of drains from the whole family. If there are 4 people in the family, the minimum volume of the pit is 3 cubic meters. Do not make the well deeper than 3 m, this will complicate its cleaning.

Select a well type.

If the groundwater in the area is close to the surface, the well is made airtight from concrete, followed by waterproofing. Another option is a pit with a dirt bottom, through which the water drains on its own.

Getting Started

Pour gravel to the bottom of the pit with a layer of at least 40 cm.

Lead sewer pipes to the well. Build the walls of the well from brick, concrete, stone. If possible, concrete rings can be installed in the pit.

Close the well with a lid with a hatch, mount the ventilation pipe. It should protrude 60 cm above the lid. Cover the lid with earth for thermal insulation, leave the hatch open.

When planning and building private houses, their owners make a lot of efforts to improve the comfort of their homes. Particular attention is paid to water supply and sewerage systems. It is important to design them correctly so that the house becomes cozy and all the needs of the residents are satisfied. For the operation of the wastewater disposal system, it is necessary to build various types of sewer wells. What are they like? How to make a sewer well with your own hands?

• Lookouts. They are necessary for free access to communications. Structures of this type are installed in places where it is especially important to control the condition of sewer systems. These are sections where pipes of different diameters are connected; where the direction or slope of the pipeline changes. You also need to have access to systems on too long straight pipe runs.
• Variable. Structures of this type must be built in areas where there are differences in the level of pipes. Thanks to the overflow well, the owner of the house can control the speed of movement of drains through the system; equalize the sewerage outlet with the water level if treated wastewater is discharged into a reservoir. This design is needed if the height of the drop exceeds 300 mm. If it is less, you can get by with a manhole.
• Swivel. Thanks to the structures of this type, you can get free access to sections of the pipeline that have bends. In such areas, there is always a high risk of pipe blockages and there is a need for increased control.
• Filtration. The structures are designed for post-treatment of wastewater. They are equipped only in areas with permeable soils - sandy or sandy loam. Pay attention to the depth of groundwater. The aquifer must be located at least 1 m below the structure. Otherwise, the drains are poorly filtered. An alternative to such structures is underground filter fields.
• Cumulative. Tanks of this type are improved cesspools. Their main advantage is environmental safety. The structures are completely sealed. Accumulating in them, runoff does not penetrate into the soil and aquifers. Minus - the containers need to be pumped out regularly. It is necessary to correctly calculate the volume of the tank in order to contact the sewage services as rarely as possible.

Operating sewer well

Scheme of the design of the inspection sewer well

What materials can be used

To make a sewer well in a private house, you can use concrete, reinforced concrete, wood, plastic. Two the best options- build with your own hands from concrete rings or buy and install a plastic structure industrial production. Plastic structures are factory blanks. They are easy to install, but inferior to concrete rings in many ways. To make a choice, it is worth understanding the features of both types of devices.

Plastic sewer wells

What are the advantages of plastic structures

Until recently, plastic has been little used in systems outdoor sewerage. The reason is low frost resistance. Structures burst in severe frosts and began to leak. Now this problem is solved. New varieties have appeared polymer materials capable of operating in the temperature range from +70 to -50 degrees Celsius.

Manufacturers have taken care of the release of models of various diameters, so the owner of the house can only calculate the required volume and choose a product of the right size. Plastic blanks are much lighter than concrete rings. To properly make a well for sewage, it is enough to mount the tank. This can be done even alone.

Plastic products are absolutely impervious to water, perfectly withstand the effects of chemicals, and do not rust. All these are definite pluses. But there are enough cons. The material does not cope well with mechanical loads, so it may not withstand the pressure of the soil. Structures must not be installed in places where vehicles can pass. In terms of durability, they are significantly inferior to concrete.

Concrete rings - reliability and durability

If we compare the characteristics of strength, reliability, durability of concrete and plastic structures, then the conclusions are obvious. Tanks made of concrete rings can serve for several decades. In the event of a malfunction, the wells can be repaired. In this, plastic cannot be compared with concrete.

In some respects, concrete rings are still inferior to plastic. They are much more expensive, but this is not the only drawback. To independently build a sewer well from them, you have to make a lot of effort. The structures are very heavy, they can sag under their own weight. Installation requires special tools.

When choosing, it is important to find products made of high quality waterproof material. You will also have to spend extra money on good waterproofing of the joints. Otherwise, the structure will begin to leak. Contaminated water will enter the soil, and water from the surface may seep into the well itself.

Concrete rings come in different sizes. When calculating the volume of the tank, it should be taken into account that the optimal height of the structure is 2.5 m. Most often, wells are made from products of the KTs-10, KTs-20 types. There are rings standard sizes but finding them can be difficult.

For ease of installation, many products are equipped with a so-called. locks, thanks to which you can install them without displacement. The more accurately the rings are fitted to each other, the tighter, stronger, more reliable the finished structure.

Scheme: dimensions of concrete rings

How to make a sewer well with your own hands

How to make a sewer well? When choosing the type of construction, consider the volume of drains. If their number does not exceed 1 cubic meter. per day, the structure may have an outlet for wastewater into the soil. Bacteria living in the soil are quite capable of coping with the processing of a small amount of organic matter.

If there are more than 1 cubic meters of wastewater or contain harsh chemicals from detergents, washing powders, etc., then the design must either be absolutely hermetic, or have a polluted water purification system. In this case, it makes sense to choose a plastic container, and the concrete one will have to be carefully waterproofed.

Often they make structures with a filtering bottom. They are suitable for wastewater without chemicals. Waste, passing through the filters, is cleaned to such an extent that there are no problems with their further decomposition. The depth of such a well depends on the permeability of the soil and the level of groundwater. If an inspection, nodal, differential or rotary sewer well is planned, it must be airtight.

Scheme of a well with a filter bottom

Requirements for the construction of wells for sewerage

The size of the structure depends primarily on its purpose. If a we are talking about the storage facility, the larger it is, the less often you will have to call the sewers. On the other hand, too a large number of drains can cause bad smell Location on.

The standard rate that is used in volume calculations is 150-200 liters of water per person per day. However, water consumption often significantly exceeds these figures. For example, in houses where many plumbing fixtures and household appliances that use water are installed, the consumption can be 240-250 liters per day per 1 person.

To determine the desired volume, 200-240 liters (depending on consumption) are multiplied by the number of people living in the house. The result will show average consumption water by all residents per day. It should be multiplied by 3. This will be the optimal volume of the well. Next, calculate the height of the structure, taking into account the standard sizes of the rings.

The layout of the well for sewerage

Stages of construction of sewer wells

• Excavation. How to dig a sewer well - open or closed? Since the structure is shallow, the first method is preferable: first they dig a hole of the required depth, and then they mount rings in it. Even if the soil is loose, it is not necessary to resort to complex technologies, it is enough to install temporary formwork to strengthen the walls.

The closed method is used less often. In this case, a hole is prepared for one ring, and it is installed. Then they continue to take out the soil. The ring is gradually lowered. When it is at a sufficient depth, the next one is mounted on it and work continues.

• Construction bottom. First, they equip the mounting pad - they fill the bottom of the pit with rubble. The layer must be at least 40 cm. bulk material rammed, the finished concrete bottom of the structure or slab is installed on top. If the structure must be completely sealed, then only the bottom of industrial production, made specifically for rings of the desired diameter, will do.
• Wall construction. The rings are installed on a cement-sand mortar. It is important to mount them exactly one on top of the other. When the solution dries, the seams and joints are waterproofed. The well is connected to the sewer, the pipe entry points are also sealed.
• Completion of work. Lastly, install a cover with a hatch, insulate it. Install the ventilation pipe. It should rise above the ground by at least 60 cm.

Important! Pay special attention to the ventilation system. During the decomposition of organic substances, an explosive gas is formed. It is necessary to ensure that it does not accumulate in the tank. This can lead to negative consequences.

Stages of making a well from concrete rings

Video: how to make a sewer well

How to make a sewer well and what it should be, each homeowner determines for himself. The article contains general recommendations for the arrangement of the structure. If you are not sure that you can do everything yourself, contact the experts. In almost every area there are companies involved in the design and installation of sewerage systems. In the absence of proper skills, it is better not to experiment and contact such a company.

Do-it-yourself sewer well - rules and methods of device If you are building new house or decided to improve the old one, one of the main tasks will be the installation of communications that provide comfortable accommodation. Since it is impossible without a properly designed drainage system, the question will arise - how to make a sewer well with your own hands. If you want to save money and do not plan to involve a contractor in this work, then before starting it, you should study all the norms and rules for sewerage for a private house. They are contained in SNiPs, which are quite difficult for people who are not related to the construction business to understand, so we suggest that you just read this article carefully. Rules for the construction of sewer wells Before you start doing something, you need to decide on the place for the well, its volume and depth. To do this, you need to draw at least a primitive sewerage scheme from the exit from the house to the well, which will also help you calculate required amount required materials. Sanitary requirements When choosing a place for a sewer septic tank or cesspool First of all, the location of water intake points should be taken into account. And not only on their site, but also on neighboring ones. If contaminated sewage seeps into the aquifer and from there into the well, it can cause serious illness. The type of soil also matters - how permeable it is. The instruction requires compliance with the following distances between sewer and water wells: For sandy soils - at least 50 meters; With clay - at least 20 meters. Having determined the places on your site that meet these requirements, you can decide which one is more convenient to locate the structure, taking into account the distance to the house and the position of the outlet point of the internal sewer system. Technical requirements The first thing you should know is that you cannot place the structure closer than three meters from the foundation of the house. The ideal distance is 8-12 meters in a straight line. But it is not always possible to withstand it: the layout and topography of the site may not allow this. In such cases, when building a sewer well with your own hands, you must follow the following rules: If the length of the sewer pipeline is very large, manholes must be installed on it. The first - at a distance of 3 to 12 meters from the outlet from the house, the next - every 15 meters. They are necessary to control the operation of the system and facilitate its cleaning if necessary. If the pipeline has turns or is connected into one common line of two or more outlets, a rotary well is installed at such nodes. It is also used as a lookout. If the terrain does not allow laying a pipe with a minimum slope, a differential well is built to ensure an acceptable flow rate of effluents. It is important! It should be explained why the speed at which sewage flows through pipes is so important. If it is very small, a plug may occur in the pipe, which will clog the lumen. If it is too large, then the liquid will drain quickly, not having time to entrain solid fractions with it, which again will lead to the formation of congestion. Water flows into the sewer well by gravity, which is provided by the slope of the pipe. With a diameter of 100 mm, it should be 2 cm per linear meter, but if the diameter is 50 mm, the slope is one and a half times larger - 3 cm per linear meter. That is, the farther the well is from the outlet, the deeper it should be, since the entrance to it will be lower. By drawing a sewerage scheme on a scale with the correct slope of the pipeline, you will receive this mark, after which you can calculate the depth and volume of the container. For reference. The volume is calculated based on the number of people living in the house, each of whom has about 150 liters of waste per day, the type of well and the frequency of its emptying. Types of drain wells It can be accumulative or filtering. In any case, it is a working container with a neck closed by a hatch, the difference lies in the bottom device. So: Accumulative is designed to collect sewage, which, as it is filled, is pumped out by a sewage machine (ilosom) and taken out. It must be completely sealed. In the filtering liquid seeps into the lower layers of the soil, where it is gradually cleared, passing through its layers, so it is made without a bottom and is installed on a filtering layer of gravel, broken brick or crushed stone. It has to be pumped out less often. Attention! At a high level of groundwater, the device of a filtering well without preliminary treatment of wastewater is unacceptable. There is also a more advanced design of sewer wells - a septic tank, in which stepwise wastewater treatment takes place, but it must be designed and installed by specialists. How to build a sewer well yourself Many private developers decide to deal with the sewerage device on their own, since this is not the most difficult task, and the cost savings are decent. Stages of work Since the average depth is 4-6 meters, it is better to dig a pit under it with an excavator to reduce labor costs and save time. The diameter of the pit should be greater than the outer diameter of the well (or its linear dimensions with a rectangular or square shape) by at least 30-40 cm. If you decide to make a storage tank from reinforced concrete rings, rubble stone or brick, the sequence of work is as follows: and pit device; Preparation of the base by backfilling a layer of crushed stone at the bottom and ramming it; Filling the bottom with concrete; For reference. You can do it easier and lay a finished reinforced concrete slab on the bottom of the pit. Installing rings or laying brick walls. The seams between the rings are sealed with cement mortar, brick walls are also plastered with it; Inlet device for inserting a drain pipe. After its installation, the injection site is also carefully sealed; Note. The inlet pipe should protrude 5-8 cm into the well. Insulation of the outer walls with tar or a layer of greasy clay; Backfilling of soil with its compaction; Laying a floor slab with a hatch; Installation ventilation pipe to prevent the accumulation in the well of explosive gases released during the decomposition of organic matter. It should rise above ground level by at least 60-70 cm. A filter well is built in the same way, with the only difference that the bottom under it is not completely filled, but only under the walls so that they do not rest on the ground, but on a concrete base. In addition, drainage holes are punched in the lower part of the first ring, and a backfill of rubble is made outside. In the case of brick construction, holes are left immediately in the lower rows of masonry. Plastic wells It is much easier to use ready-made containers made of durable and frost-resistant plastic. Perhaps the price of the products themselves will be higher than the cost of reinforced concrete rings, but you can save time and effort, as well as money, without calling a manipulator to install heavy and bulky structures in the pit. Plastic wells are lightweight and you can handle it yourself. They are produced in different volumes and diameters, with ready-made inlets for pipes, so you will not have any difficulties with their selection and installation. In addition to low weight and ease of installation, plastic wells have the following advantages: Absolute tightness, which will allow you not to engage in insulation work and not worry about possible leaks; Resistant to both very low and high temperatures; Resistance to aggressive environments; High strength and, as a result, durability. They will not require any repairs throughout the entire period of operation. Finishing work The finished well is completely covered with earth to prevent freezing. Only the hatch remains open. There should always be free access to it, and there should be access roads for silosos nearby. It remains only to think about how to fit this element, necessary for a comfortable life, but not too attractive, into the landscape of the site, especially if it is located in an open place. Make it simple. Now on sale there are special decorative covers for well hatches in the form of a large boulder or a removable flower bed. You can arrange an alpine slide around the hatch or install light wooden or wire frame climbing plants. There are many options, it is enough to turn on the fantasy. Conclusion From all that has been said, we can draw an unambiguous conclusion: our comfort is in our hands, and if desired, it can be achieved without spending extra money and physical strength. If we talk specifically about the device of individual sewerage on the site, then the easiest way is to assemble it from finished products - plastic pipes, connecting elements and different kind wells.

To control, clean or urgently repair the drainage system, special facilities are needed that allow you to quickly access communications. A manhole for water supply is used for such purposes.

What is a manhole

An inspection or inspection well is a sewage device that allows you to quickly access various parts of the plumbing system. Depending on the type of use and the place of installation, the inspection outlet can be of various shapes and diameters. The main difference of its design from other storage tanks and septic tanks in an increased diameter. Its size allows you to easily get inside an adult.

There are such types of manholes:

1. Linear. Its installation is carried out exclusively on flat horizontal sections of the water supply. It is installed in several places, for example, nodes or pipe joints;
2. Turning. In places where communications turn, an inspection hole is necessarily organized, since it is these areas that are most susceptible to deformation. Its design is a curved body that can be rotated a certain number of degrees in relation to the pipes;
3. Nodal is used in areas where several pipes are connected. This is the largest inspection sewer outlet. It can be equipped with 2, 3 or more water outlets;
4. The differential is a rather complex configuration, which takes into account the transition from the high level of the pipe to the low one.

Drainage and sewer manhole can be made of various materials: plastic, polymer, cast iron, steel, reinforced concrete. For example, for non-pressure storm sewers, it is customary to use PVC plastic models, which are often pipes of increased diameter. To protect against deformation, they are placed in metal mesh casings.

Reinforced concrete manhole is the most common option for a private house. Concrete models are known for their affordability and reliability - they can be made by hand, besides, concrete does not deform from earth pressure. But the service life of such a branch is less than 20 years. Under the constant influence of effluents, the material is destroyed. Similar to concrete, brick can serve as the material for the inspection pit. This model can be used to ground the house.

Cast iron models are used to organize monitoring of the state of sewer outlets multi-storey buildings. Its installation is almost impossible to carry out independently, moreover, over time, cast iron can become covered with various growths. But at the same time, this type of wells is one of the most durable and reliable.

Design features

The street manhole is the following design:

1. Bottom. All inspection outlets must be of closed type;
2. Working part. It can be a wide ring, a curved geometric figure, less often a square or a rectangle. Here, if necessary, a specialist is immersed;
3. Lid, GOST 3634-99. A plastic or cast iron hatch for a manhole is an essential component. It protects the sewer from external pollution and guarantees the safety of households. It is recommended to supplement it with a lock.

Sometimes structures are equipped with a ladder, which allows you to move freely along the well. It is sometimes replaced with shelves. Their drawing is shown below.

The principle of the system is simple. The main pipe passes into the observation structure by connecting to the tank. The junction is carefully sealed. In any inspection outlet there is a tray part - the one in which the inspection is carried out, and the working one. Drains from the sewer pass through the working area, so it has a slight slope.

Video: manhole d 300mm from plastic pipe

Mounting

Installation of a manhole requires compliance with the requirements of SNiP. They say that the tray must be located on a dense sand cushion. Depending on the level of soil freezing, wall insulation may be needed. For these purposes, the pit is equipped with a clay or textile casing.

General requirements for the design and installation of wells:

1. They must be located at a distance of at least 30 meters from each other. This indicator depends on the diameter of the main pipeline. For example, a scheme with a pipe from 600 mm requires a minimum distance between the branches of 100 meters. In addition, observation structures should be located at each "important" section of the sewer system;
2. If a plastic branch is selected, it is recommended to use a cable type of pipeline. It differs from the classic corrugated surface, equipped with numerous stiffeners;
3. It is also important for the drainage system that the inspection structure is not washed away by groundwater.

Step by step installation instructions:

You can buy ready-made manholes in any plumbing stores, their price depends on the brand and design features. For example, a model from Uponor (300 mm) in St. Petersburg will cost 60 euros, and in Krasnodar - 58.

An urgent question that torments everyone who wants to live in private country houses without the ability to connect to the central water supply and sanitation, how to make an autonomous sewer. Indeed, without it, it is not possible to fully use such benefits of civilization as a bath, shower, kitchen sink, washing machine and much more. Sewerage in a private house can be equipped in different ways, which we will talk about in this article. Choosing the right system for your individual conditions and needs is even more important than putting it into practice.

What can be a sewerage system - a private house with permanent and temporary residence

The option of arranging the drainage system in private homes is selected depending on several conditions:

• House with permanent or temporary residence.
• How many people permanently live in the house.
• What is the daily water consumption per person in the house (depends on the number of water consumers, such as a bathroom, shower, toilet, sink, washbasin, washing machine, etc.)
• What is the level of groundwater.
• What is the size of the plot, how much space can be used for treatment systems.
• What is the structure and type of soil on the site.
• Climatic conditions of the area.

More detailed information about the requirements can be found in the relevant sections of SanPin and SNiP.

Conventionally, all sewage systems in a private house can be divided into only two types:

• Accumulation systems(cesspool without a bottom, sealed container for drains).
• Wastewater treatment facilities(the simplest single-chamber septic tank with soil cleaning, a two-chamber septic tank - overflowing wells with natural cleaning, a two - three-chamber septic tank with a filtration field, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank (aerotank) with a constant air supply).

The most ancient, proven for centuries and even millennia, way of arranging sewage is a cesspool. Some 50-70 years ago there was no alternative to this method at all. But at the same time, people did not use such a large amount of water in private homes as they do today.

The cesspool is a well without a bottom. The walls of the cesspool can be made of brick, concrete rings, concrete or other material. Soil remains at the bottom. When runoff from the house enters the pit, more or less pure water seeps into the soil, being cleansed. Fecal matter and other solid organic waste settle to the bottom, accumulating. Over time, the well is filled with solid waste, then it must be cleaned.

Previously, the walls of the cesspool were not made waterproof, then when filling the pit, they simply dug it in and pulled out a new one in another place.

I would like to note right away that a sewerage device in a private house using a cesspool is possible only if the average daily volume of effluents is less than 1 m3. In this case, soil microorganisms that live in the soil and feed on organic matter have time to process the water that penetrates the soil through the bottom of the pit. If the volume of runoff is more than this norm, the water does not undergo sufficient purification, penetrates into the soil and pollutes groundwater. This is fraught with the fact that wells and other water sources can be contaminated within a radius of 50 m. Adding microorganisms to the cesspool somewhat reduces the unpleasant odor emanating from it, and also speeds up the process of water purification. But still, it's not worth the risk.

Conclusion. A cesspool without a bottom can be built if there are visits to the house 2-3 days a week and do not consume much water. At the same time, the level of groundwater occurrence must be at least 1 m lower than the bottom of the pit, otherwise pollution of the soil and the water source cannot be avoided. Despite the lowest cost of arrangement, the cesspool is not popular in modern country houses and cottages.

Sealed container - storage tank

A sealed container is installed on the site near the house, into which sewage and waste from the whole house flow through pipes. This container can be ready-made, store-bought, and made of plastic, metal, or other material. And it can be mounted independently from concrete rings, the bottom is made of concrete, and the cover is made of metal. The main condition for installing sewerage in a private house of this type is complete tightness. Suitable for sewers corrugated pipes pragma.

When the container is full, it must be emptied. To do this, a sewer machine is called, the call of which costs from 15 to 30 USD. The frequency of emptying the tank, as well as the required volume, depends on the number of drains. For example, if 4 people live permanently in the house, use the bathroom, shower, sink, toilet, washing machine, then the minimum volume of the storage tank should be 8 m3, it will have to be cleaned every 10 - 13 days.

Conclusion. A sealed cesspool is one of the options for how to sewer in a private house if the groundwater level in the area is high. This will completely protect the soil and water sources from possible pollution. The disadvantage of such a sewage system is that you will often have to call a sewage truck. To do this, from the very beginning it is necessary to correctly calculate the installation location of the tank in order to provide convenient access to it. The bottom of the pit or container must not be deeper than 3 m from the soil surface, otherwise the cleaning hose will not reach the bottom. The container lid must be insulated to protect the pipeline from freezing. For such a sewer in a private house, the cost depends on the material of the container. The cheapest option would be to purchase second-hand eurocubes, the most expensive - concrete pouring or brick. In addition, there are monthly cleaning costs.

Single-chamber septic tank - the simplest option for soil cleaning

A single-chamber septic tank is not far from the cesspool, very often it is called that. It is a well, at the bottom of which crushed stone is covered with a layer of at least 30 cm, and coarse-grained sand is covered with the same layer on top. Wastewater flows through pipes into a well, where water, seeping through a layer of sand, gravel, and then soil, is cleaned by 50%. Adding sand and gravel improves the quality of water purification and partially faeces, but does not solve the problem radically.

Conclusion. Sewerage in a private house using a single-chamber septic tank is impossible with permanent residence and large volumes of drains. Only for houses with temporary residence and low groundwater levels. After some time, crushed stone and sand will need to be completely replaced, as they will silt.

Two-chamber septic tank - overflow settling wells

as one of economical options sewers, which can be mounted independently, the arrangement of overflow settling wells and filter wells is universally popular.

This sewerage system in a private house consists of two wells: one with a sealed bottom, the second without a bottom, but with powders, as in the previous method (crushed stone and sand). Wastewater from the house enters the first well, where solid organic waste and feces sink to the bottom, fatty ones float to the surface, and more or less clarified water forms between them. At a height of about 2/3 of the first well, it is connected to the second well by an overflow pipe, located slightly at an angle so that water can flow there unhindered. Partially clarified water enters the second well, where it seeps through a powder of crushed stone, sand and soil, it is cleaned even more and leaves.

The first well is a sump, and the second is a filter well. Over time, a critical mass of feces accumulates in the first well, for the removal of which it is necessary to call a sewage truck. You will have to do this about once every 4 to 6 months. To reduce the unpleasant smell, microorganisms are added to the first well, which decompose the feces.

Overflow sewerage in a private house: photo - example

A two-chamber septic tank can be made independently from concrete rings, concrete or brick, or you can purchase a ready-made (plastic) one from the manufacturer. In the finished two-chamber septic tank, additional cleaning will also take place with the help of special microorganisms.

Conclusion. It is possible to install a sewerage system in a private house from two overflow wells only if the groundwater level, even during a flood, is 1 m lower from the bottom of the second well. Ideal conditions are sandy or sandy soil on the site. After 5 years, crushed stone and sand in the filter well will have to be replaced.

Septic tank with filtration field - biological and soil treatment

We turn to the description of more or less serious cleaning systems that allow you not to worry about environmental pollution.

This type of septic tank is a single tank, divided into 2 - 3 sections or several separate tanks-wells connected by pipes. Most often, having decided to equip just this type of sewage system, a factory-made septic tank is purchased.

In the first tank, wastewater settles, as in the previous method (settlement well). Through the pipe, partially clarified water enters the second tank or section, where anaerobic bacteria decompose organic residues. Even more clarified water enters the filtration fields.

Filtration fields are an area underground where wastewater is treated by soil. Due to the large area (about 30 m2), the water is purified by 80%. The ideal case is if the soil is sandy or sandy, otherwise it will be necessary to equip an artificial filtration field of crushed stone and sand. After passing through the filtration fields, water is collected in pipelines and discharged into drainage ditches or wells. Trees or edible vegetables cannot be planted above the filtration fields, only a flower bed is allowed.

Over time, the fields silt up, and they need to be cleaned, or rather, crushed stone and sand should be replaced. You can imagine how much work will have to be done, and what your site will turn into after that.

Conclusion. Laying a sewer in a private house, assuming the presence of a filtration field, is possible only if the groundwater level is below 2.5 - 3 m. Otherwise, this is a rather constructive solution, provided there is enough free space. Also, do not forget that the distance from the filtration fields to water sources and residential buildings should be more than 30 m.

Septic tank with biofilter - natural treatment station

The deep cleaning station allows you to complete the installation of sewage in a private house, even if the groundwater level is very high.

The septic tank is a container divided into 3 - 4 sections. It is better to purchase it from a trusted manufacturer, after consulting with professionals about the required volume and equipment. Of course, the price for such a sewer in a private house is not the lowest, it starts from 1200 USD.

In the first chamber of the septic tank, water is settled, in the second - the decomposition of organic matter by anaerobic microorganisms, the third chamber serves to separate water, since in the fourth chamber organic matter is decomposed with the help of aerobic bacteria, which need a constant supply of air. To do this, a pipe is mounted above the chamber, rising 50 cm above the ground level. Aerobic bacteria are planted on a filter installed on a pipe leading from the third section to the fourth. In fact, this is the filtering field - only in miniature and concentrated. Due to the small area of ​​water movement and the high concentration of microorganisms, there is a thorough purification of water up to 90 - 95%. Such water can be safely used for technical needs - watering the garden, washing the car and much more. To do this, a pipe is diverted to their fourth section, leading either to a tank for accumulating treated water, or to a drainage ditch or well, where it simply soaks into the ground.

Sewage treatment in a private house - scheme of work:

Conclusion. A septic tank with a biofilter is a good solution for a private house with permanent residence. Microorganisms can be added to the septic tank by simply pouring them into the toilet. There are no restrictions on the use of such a treatment plant. An undeniable advantage is that it does not require electricity. The only drawback is that sewerage wiring in a private house requires permanent residence, since without the constant presence of sewage, bacteria die. When new strains are introduced, they begin active activity only after two weeks.

Septic tank with forced air supply - artificial cleaning station

An accelerated cleaning station where natural processes occur artificially. The construction of a sewerage system in a private house using an aeration tank will require electricity to be connected to the septic tank to connect an air pump and an air distributor.

Such a septic tank consists of three chambers or separate containers interconnected. Water enters the first chamber through sewer pipes, where it settles, and solid waste precipitates. Partially clarified water from the first chamber is pumped into the second.

The second chamber is actually the aeration tank, here water is mixed with activated sludge, which consists of microorganisms and plants. All microorganisms and bacteria of activated sludge are aerobic. It is for their full-fledged life that forced aeration is needed.

Water mixed with sludge enters the third chamber - a sump for deeper cleaning. Then the sludge is pumped back to the aeration tank by a special pump.

Forced air supply provides a fairly quick wastewater treatment, which can then be used for technical needs.

Conclusion. Aerotank is an expensive, but necessary pleasure in some cases. The price starts from 3700 USD. There are no restrictions on the installation of such a sewer. Disadvantages - the need for electricity and permanent residence, otherwise activated sludge bacteria die.

Water supply and sewerage of a private house - general rules

Certain restrictions apply to the location of sewer facilities.

septic tank should be located:

• no closer than 5 m from a residential building;
• no closer than 20 - 50 m from the water source (well, well, reservoir);
• no closer than 10 m from the garden.

House must be removed:

• 8 m from filter wells;
• 25 m from the filter fields;
• 50 m from aeration treatment plants;
• 300 m from drain wells or stations.

The pipes leading to the septic tank must be insulated so that they do not freeze through in winter. To do this, they are wrapped with heat-insulating material and inserted into asbestos-cement pipes. External sewerage wiring in a private house is carried out with pipes with a diameter of 100 - 110 mm, the slope should be 2 cm by 2 m, i.e. 2 °, in practice they do a little more - 5 - 7 ° (with a margin). But you shouldn’t joke with this matter, since a larger slope will lead to the fact that water will quickly pass through the pipes, and feces will linger and clog them, and a smaller angle of inclination will not ensure that wastewater moves through the pipes at all. It is advisable to lay the pipes in such a way that there are no turns and corners. For internal wiring sewer pipes 50 mm diameter is sufficient. If the house has more than one floor, and bathtubs, sinks, and a toilet are also installed on the upper floors, then a riser with a diameter of 200 mm is used to drain wastewater down.

If you decide that you can handle the sewerage of a private house with your own hands, be sure to take into account all the restrictions of SanPin and SNiP regarding the location and design of the sewerage system. In order not to spoil relations with neighbors, consider the location of their water sources and other buildings.

The sewerage project of a private house is extremely important; you should not try to do without it. Sewerage is not a system that tolerates approximation. Contact design bureaus or architects, let the professionals create a working draft for you, taking into account all the features of the soil, site, climate and operating conditions. It is better if this project is completed along with the project of the house itself before the start of its construction. This will greatly facilitate installation.

If you are interested in the question of how to make a sewer in a private house at high groundwater levels, then based on all of the above, it can be such options:

• Sealed container for accumulation of waste.
• Septic tank with biofilter.
• Aeration cleaning station (aerotank).

Direct work on the installation of a sewer system in a private house is not so complicated. It is necessary to lay pipes around the house that will collect drains from various sources, connect them to a collector and run through the foundation or under it along the ground to the septic tank. Earthworks can be done independently, or you can hire an excavator. But choosing the right sewerage system and drafting a project is much more important.

Sewerage in a private house: video - example