How to make a homemade planer planer. Making a thickness gauge with your own hands - drawings of a homemade planer. Manufacture of the bed and installation of parts

Increasingly, in the home arsenal of amateur carpenters, not to mention professionals, you can find a thicknessing machine used for good quality wood blanks. Electric carpentry tools of manual and portable type are gradually being replaced by easel models, and the thicknessing machine can be considered a clear confirmation of this. Today, it is no longer enough to be able to quickly and effortlessly cut a wooden blank, even in the amateur manufacture of furniture and home appliances, when required. high quality machine tool processing.

Planer for wood

Among the closest relatives of the thicknessing machine are the most famous and popular systems:

• wood planer, removes the upper, roughest part of the workpiece after sawing logs and timber on powerful circular saws;
• Planer used for preliminary semi-finishing the surface of a board or slab of wood;
• grinding machine it is used for finishing for polishing wood or processing with lacquer polishes, wax mastics.

The first two types of machines differ only in the size of the desktop, the number of cutting edges, and the cutting speed. The device of the bed, knife block, drive and feeding system of wood blanks are in many ways similar. The grinding machine uses grinding drums and belts instead of knives.

Note! Between the operations of grinding and planing wood, it is assumed that the workpiece is processed with a thicknessing type drum knife.

With the right selection of modes, the quality of wood processing on a thicknessing machine turns out to be quite high, which often makes it possible to refuse grinding a wooden surface.

In many cases, when working with light and medium-density workpieces, jointing and finishing cutting operations are performed on one planer-thickness machine. It is enough to sequentially reconfigure the cutting mode and the revolutions of rotation of the knife block. One machine actually replaces two.

The essence of the planer type machine

It is believed that the planer machine got its name from the well-known carpentry tool, the planer, used to mark parallel lines on blanks and boards made of solid and glued wood. There is a certain amount of truth in this statement, since thicknesser types of machines are used mainly for two operations:

• Fine planing, providing a smooth surface of the tree;
• Calibration of the parallelism of the planes of the shield, cut wooden lath, board.

In the old days, the parallelism of the planes after planing was checked with a thickness gauge, after it became possible to manufacture machines with high-speed cylindrical knives, the name thickness gauge remained with reliable and very easy-to-use devices.

Typical device of a thicknesser machine

In a modern carpentry workshop, it is almost impossible to do without tools for finishing, including grinding and thicknessing machines. Depending on the volume of carpentry work performed, the load and the range of wood products, the planer machine park is divided into two groups:

• Specialized machines and fixtures for one or two operations. In addition to the main unit for one-sided or two-sided processing of the wood surface, a device for sawing or trimming the ends of blanks can be used in the design;
• Universal woodworking machines with thickness gauge. Such a unit can provide from 4 to 12 of the most important and popular types of wood processing.

In the conditions of performing large volumes of wood processing, specialized wood machines turn out to be more profitable. Firstly, there is no need to perform regular reconfiguration and adjustment of cutting tools, the accuracy and quality of processing are higher, and secondly, work on a specialized thicknessing unit does not require high qualifications.

The universal option is more flexible in operation, but using a multifunctional woodworking machine will require serious experience in setting up and maintaining the device. In the conditions of small-scale or piece production of wood parts, only MFP machines with thicknessing attachments of well-known brands work normally.

Chinese consumer goods very quickly lose the accuracy of processing wood blanks, and often, after several years of operation, a universal woodworking machine with a thickness gauge - an attachment is converted by the owners into specialized devices, for example, a circular saw or an electric jointer.

The design of a specialized machine-thickness for wood

The device and kinematic diagram of a thicknessing machine for woodworking is not much different from a jointer. The basis of the design is a steel or aluminum frame, on which the engine is fixed with a gear or chain drive. In the upper or middle part of the machine there is a working table and a cylinder with cutting knives installed “obliquely”.

Important! The main difference between a planer unit and a planer, and even more so a planer, is the use of special bearings that ensure a low level of vibration.

In addition, in the planer, the wood feed rate is much lower and the rotation speed of the cutting drum is several times higher. As a result of processing, it is possible to obtain a very even and precise, almost smooth surface of the wood blank.

Thickness gauges are available in two versions:

As an example of the most successful versions of double-sided thicknessing machines, we can cite the Makita 2012NB or JET-JWP12 thicknesser models.

The latter option is produced by the Swiss company JET, well known for its high-quality and precise woodworking machines.

The JWP12 model is designed for a small load, due to the use of a powerful 1.8 kW collector motor, the manufacturer recommends a short-term-repeated wood processing mode. The weight of the unit is only 27 kg, which allows you to remove the thicknesser from the workplace at the end of the work. On the cutting cylinder with a diameter of 48 mm, two knives made of forged alloy steel are mounted. When the shaft rotates at a speed of 9000 rpm, workpieces with a width of 300x500 mm can be processed with a feed of almost 12 cm / s.

The more elegant thicknesser Makita 2012 NB is equipped with a 1.65 kW motor and a special material supply system. The machine cuts wood from 3 to 100 mm thick. The device turned out to be quite noisy, in operation it produces sound up to 80 dB, but, unlike the JWP12, it can withstand several times the load and does not require such frequent interruptions in work.

Among amateurs, the American Metabo DH330 thicknesser is famously popular.

The specifics of planer-thickness models of machines

We can say that this type of thickness gauge is a transitional model from specialized equipment to multifunctional devices. For example, the Holzstar-ADH200 model is structurally a conventional single-sided thicknesser, but thanks to a powerful aluminum frame, a full-size working table and a special workpiece feeding system, the machine can perform jointing and finishing with equal success.

The only drawback is the high cost of the product, today the cheapest copies cost from 550 Euros.

Universal designs of thicknessers

The layout of the MFP machine with a built-in thickness gauge is fundamentally different from a specialized thickness gauge. Usually, a woodworking multifunctional household machine with a thickness gauge is made in the form of a massive steel box, inside of which there is an electric motor and a system for transmitting torque from the motor to the cutting devices.

The most powerful use heavy asynchronous motors from 1.5 to 3 kW. Due to the fact that the engine produces one shaft speed, it is necessary to use a speed and torque control system. Therefore, a multifunctional device always turns out to be noisier and less reliable in operation.

The set of cutting devices, in addition to the thicknessing knife, includes:

• A circular saw;
• Milling head;
• Device for drilling holes at any angle;
• Planer shaft with knives.

In addition to cutting devices, several types of guides and positioning devices are used in the design of the MFP. For example, by rotating the drive shafts, you can set the angle of edge trimming or slot milling in the range of 0-90 o.

A typical representative of the universal class is the machine tool of the Swiss company Holzstar model UMK6. Its main parameters are given in the table.

The design provides for the implementation of six operations - drilling, sawing with a circular saw, milling, processing with a thickness gauge, jointing.

Dimensions 880x835 cm, weight 52 kg. The power of the asynchronous motor is 1 kW. Of course, the accuracy and quality of processing of the universal UMK6 cannot be compared with specialized models, but what the machine can produce is quite enough for any household work or even for the production of simple furniture, containers, roof repair, fence installation.

For comparison, with a somewhat smaller width of the working area of ​​the thicknessing device than that of JWP12, 154 mm versus 300 mm, all other parameters - cutting speed 12 cm / s, dimensions of the wood blank 1-92 mm, are only slightly inferior to the Swiss machine.

In fact, an MFP with a thicknessing attachment replaces as many as five woodworking machines.

Do-it-yourself thicknessing machine

The need to make a do-it-yourself thicknessing machine often arises in a situation where the use of conventional planing planing is clearly not enough to obtain a smooth surface of the future floor or parquet. Using an electric planer will not work, the surface quality after an electric planer may be quite high, but it will obviously not be possible to get rid of the stripes that appear on the surface of the tree with each pass.

There is only one way out - to try to make a thickness gauge from an electric planer according to the drawings with your own hands. Thanks to the powerful frame and guide rails, the surface of the wood after processing the board with a thicknesser shaft will turn out to be relatively uniform and flat.

Thickness gauge from an electric planer

To build a full-fledged thicknessing device, first of all, it is necessary to make a frame or table on which the tool will be fixed. The electric planer is equipped with a powerful commutator motor, which can easily cause injury, so fastening a homemade thicknesser to the table must be strong and reliable.

The second step is to select the scheme of the planer layout. The simplest version of the device is shown in the drawing and photo.

In fact, it is necessary to make a movable platform on which the electric planer itself will be fixed. The lifting height of the sole of the tool on the surface to be machined is adjusted using four screw-nut pairs installed on the sides of the fixture.

The main difficulty in the operation of the electric planer lies in the correct adjustment of the height of the cutting edge. In normal mode, the knife protrusion above the sole plane is regulated by a screw spring-loaded handle. The overhang is usually checked visually or by hand, while when working in the thickness gauge mode, you will only have to be guided by the scale on the handle.

The only drawbacks of a thickness gauge of such a scheme will be the small width of the treated surface, 90-100 mm, and the actual loss of an electric planer as a hand tool. It is clearly inconvenient to disassemble and assemble a thicknessing machine whenever you need to remove a couple of millimeters from a nailed board.

Homemade woodworking thicknesser

Often, when carrying out carpentry work, there is a need to drive a board or a shield glued from rails with a width of more than 100 mm with a thickness gauge. Planks and panels made of wood 100-140 mm can still somehow be leveled with an ordinary manual electric planer, provided that the material is securely fixed on the workbench. True, it is necessary to plan diagonally in several passes, followed by processing with a manual grinder.

Cross planing of wide boards can still be used for one or two boards, but if we are talking about two dozen shields or boards, then you obviously cannot do without a home-made thicknessing machine.

The simplest version of the planer planer is shown in the diagram.

The basis of the design is a massive steel frame-frame, welded from a steel angle. An asynchronous motor with a power of 1.5-1.8 kW and a speed of at least 1200 rpm is installed in the lower part of the frame of the thicknessing machine. The engine must be mounted on a spring-loaded pad to ensure the tension of the machine drive belt and reduce vibrations on the thickening knives.

The second most important element is a cylindrical block with pockets for knives and bearings. This part of the thickness gauge will have to be bought ready-made, it is almost impossible to make it with your own hands. The drum with bearings is installed directly on the machine frame after mounting the desktop.

At the last stage, two pulleys for a belt drive are selected, the ratio of the diameters of the pulley stream should be in the range of 2.5-2.8. A pulley of a larger diameter is mounted on the motor shaft, a smaller one on the drum shaft. The rotation speed under load should not exceed 4 thousand rpm.

All photos from the article

In this article, we have to study household thicknessing machines for wood. We will get acquainted with the principle of their work and the main elements. In addition, we have to find out how difficult it is to design a home-made thicknessing machine for wood, and whether it makes sense against the backdrop of an abundance of market offers.

What it is

Thicknessing machine (colloquially - thickness gauge) is used for one-, two- or multi-sided planing or planking boards in one pass to a given size.

The fundamental difference from the more familiar home master planing (planer) machine - in that the thickness gauge allows you to get a product of a given thickness not after several runs with continuous measurement of size, namely at one time:

1. A billet of arbitrary size is fed into the receiving pair of rollers;
2. On the other side of the machine, a perfectly planed board or shield of the desired section comes out.

To clarify: in practice, if the workpiece is fed too fast, knife marks in the form of shallow “waves” may remain on it, so the final processing for use in carpentry is still required for the board.

The obvious advantage of a thicknesser is a huge time saving, first of all, when manufacturing a large number of parts of the same thickness. In addition, when installing curly knives, the thicknesser allows you to make profiled beams, and many other elements of wooden decor.

• Rotary knife 1 provides the actual planing of the board. As a rule, it is a drum with rigidly fixed replaceable blades - straight or curly.
• Clamping spring 2 ensures that the workpiece is pressed by rollers 3 and 4.

Note: the surface of roller 4 is often made corrugated for more reliable fixation of the workpiece.

• Movable rocker 5 serves to fix the axes of the upper rollers.
• Rocker 6 performs a similar function from below: spring 7 presses the lower roller 8 against the workpiece.

In this scheme, the following are subject to adjustment:

1. Clamping force of the lower roller F1.
2. Clamping force of the upper rollers F2.
3. Depth of cut a.

A typical wood planer, however, has a slightly more complex device:

• The total number of broaching rollers is not 3, but 4. In this case, the workpiece is pulled with minimal resistance: in the above scheme, the left shaft is forced to pull the workpiece, based on a smooth steel base.
• To prevent the workpiece from flying out in the opposite direction, tipping “claws” are placed in front of the first pair of feed rollers, tightly clamping the board when trying to reverse.

• In addition, even in household thicknesses, a scheme with two knives is more common, capable of simultaneously processing both the lower and upper sides of the part. The single-knife design is not too far removed from the planer in terms of functionality: its only merit is mechanical broaching.

crazy hands

Let's find out how and from what do-it-yourself thicknessing machines for wood are made.

Assembly diagram

In the photo - a home-made machine with an electric broach during the assembly process.

The design shown in the photo above with its functionality approaches a factory-made thickness gauge. However, in practice, much simpler designs are made with their own hands.

The reason is quite obvious: home-made thicknessing machines for wood have only one obvious advantage over factory ones - cheapness; accordingly, to minimize costs, they are extremely simplified.

To create any complex structure, you will have to buy quite a lot of expensive rolled steel, wear-resistant bearings, pulleys, gears, and a powerful electric motor will be expensive.

Here are a few, alas, superficial instructions for creating the simplest machine with a manual broach.

Element	Description
bed	Two independent frames are welded from an angle piece 40 - 50 mm in size. They are connected by threaded studs machined from a 32mm hex.
broach	It is a modification of the squeeze rubber rollers from the old washing machine. The rollers are bored out for bearings and mounted on axles 20 mm thick. Giving — manual, is carried out by rotation of the handle.
Table	It is assembled from a polished board, drawn to the frame with countersunk bolts. For protection against rot and better sliding, the board blanks are impregnated with used oil.
Motor	380 volts, three phases, power 5.5 kW, rotation is transmitted to the knife by a belt. Blade shaft rotation speed - 5000 rpm.
casing	It is made of millimetric tin on a frame from a corner of 20 mm in size.

In this case, the cost of only components will be approximately as follows:

• Electric motor - 7 - 15 thousand rubles.
• Corner - 2 - 3 thousand.
• Bearings, pulleys, belt, axles, studs - 3 - 4 thousand.
• Knives - 1 - 2 thousand.

The total costs (excluding time, electrodes, electricity) will be from 13 to 24 thousand rubles.

Results

Here are the parameters of a very real machine created according to the above algorithm:

• The maximum board width is 320 mm.
• The thickness of the workpiece is from 0 to 200 mm.
• Thickness adjustment - manual, with measurement with a caliper / ruler.
• Broach - manual, roller handle.
• Security is minimal. Claws that block the reverse stroke are not provided by the design. The casing protects against the scattering of chips, but not from the destruction of the workpiece: when fragments of a board or beam fly apart, the millimetric tin will be crushed.

Ready solutions

And now let's get acquainted with the alternative - ready-made factory-made machines. Here are the characteristics of a pair of models of the initial price range.

KRATON WMT-318

The relatively low power of the motor is compensated by the high (8000 rpm) speed of the knives. Note that there are two of them, which means two-sided processing of the part in one pass. To adjust the output size of the part, a graduated flywheel is used, which eliminates the need for a caliper or ruler.

The mass of the machine is also noteworthy: 31 kilograms is carried by a physically healthy person without much effort. A home-made product from a corner - fifty with a five-kilowatt motor will weigh at least three times as much.

KRATON WMRT-02

Before us is a universal woodworking machine with a thickness gauge: it can also work as a conventional electric jointer. Let's turn to the characteristics.

And again, we get a very decently executed and functional product, which has compact dimensions, low weight and is much more advantageous in terms of aesthetics, for a price that is quite comparable with the cost of a home-made design.

Jointing and thicknessing machine from the Kraton company.

Please note: yes, in the home workshop, the aesthetics of the equipment are usually not in the first place.
However, if you have to store tools in an apartment, both the dimensions and the appearance of the tool become significant factors.

findings

They are pretty obvious. The independent creation of a thicknessing machine will only make sense if you already have all the main elements of its design at your disposal. If this is not the case, it is more profitable to pay attention to finished products, which you can learn more about from the video in this article.

A home-made thicknessing machine is able to perform at home by any specialist, the unit is assembled easily, and lasts a long time.

Thicknessing machines can be found in any workshop where they are engaged in thicknessing and jointing. These two manipulations are similar to each other, the only difference is that the first is carried out after the second.

general characteristics

Thickening is the final procedure that completes the work. The jointer will perform the initial processing, after which grinding is required. Thicknessing unit makes it possible to process boards of large width with maximum accuracy. This is what makes the machine popular, it saves time many times over.

On the market, it is easy to find both industrial equipment options and small-sized devices used in small workshops. However, they are famous and homemade schemes machine tools, a feature of which is mobility and compactness.

A thickening machine costs a lot and its purchase does not always make sense in the case when its use is not regular. Then they come to the decision to make a homemade thickness gauge from a planer.

Many pioneers of home-made machines talk about their experiences, share diagrams and drawings, according to which every person who knows a lot about technology can assemble his product.

But before starting the assembly, prepare everything you need by carefully studying the design plan. The thickness gauge is often produced by hand milling, and sometimes consists of an electric planer. At the time of purchase, you need to decide on its type in advance.

First you need to figure out what a thicknessing machine is, what are its components and accessories. How to assemble correctly so that the mechanism performs the required task.

Purpose of the machine

The woodworking industry in many industries requires the presence of thicknessing equipment. It helps to process boards, beams, shields, achieving an exact ideal effect on all sides of the workpiece.

When processing an uneven rough log, the resulting beam will be even and smooth in all four planes. The thickness gauge is a planing unit that processes a large area of ​​the product at once.

Self-made machines are lightweight, making them easy to transport from place to place, and they are also easier to adjust the thickness removed from the tree.

Types of thicknessers

Planer thicknessers differ in several characteristics, the first being the number of knives used on the cutting module.

Unilateral

Has one knife, costs less, but is mainly used in small home workshops. In one move, he is able to process the product on one side.

double sided

It consists of two shafts with knives parallel to each other. It has a high productivity, it is also equipped with automatic wood feeding.

Double-sided thicknesser

Professional

Designed with three or more cutting modules. Used for professional processing, can produce workpieces in large quantities.

The price of equipment is found from 35 to 100 thousand rubles. Machines built with the latest technological developments can cost even more. That is why homemade woodworking devices are popular.

The second criterion for distinguishing thicknessing machines is the scope of application:

• Household - allows you to achieve the necessary performance, has a small weight and an affordable price. It will become indispensable in the construction of a house.
• Combined - it is inexpensive, has a small performance. Purpose - home household.
• Semi-professional - used in carpentry workshops.
• Professional - produces large volumes of blanks, used in wood processing plants.
• Industrial - used in sawmills, sawmills, woodworking enterprises. It has impressive size and power.

Parameters of a homemade thicknesser

The market represents a huge range of thicknessing installations, both domestic and imported. Foreign ones are represented by Chinese firms, known for low quality, low reliability, and also having inconsistencies with the parameters specified in the technical instructions. In comparison with them, it will be much more profitable and more expedient to make a home-made thicknessing machine.

It should be mentioned that some parts and modules will need to be purchased, and not waste time trying to make it yourself. First of all, it is a shaft with knives and fixing bearings.

Do-it-yourself ones will be characterized by low mating accuracy, which will contribute to excessive heating, especially of the treated surface.

Manufacturing features

A home-made thicknessing machine, the drawings of which are easy to find on the Internet, must be assembled, paying attention to the elements that make it up. But if it is necessary to combine a thickness gauge and a jointer, it is worth taking a double-sided drive. This will make it possible to pre-stretch the wood in one direction, and in the other - to carry out final finishing.

It is important to determine in advance the length of the shaft with knives. A home-made part with a knife module length of more than 50 centimeters is quite tough when working with hard wood species.

The result of insufficient pressure is an uneven board texture with waves and ridges reaching 1 millimeter, such work will need to be sanded again. Part sizes homemade design should correspond to being able to produce a variety of decorative details from wood: profiles, baguettes, skirting boards.

To operate home-made thicknessing machines for wood, you need to observe safety precautions. The working area of ​​the device, designed independently, must be fenced. It should be foreseen in advance to exclude the reverse movement of the log and the destruction of the board during processing.

In a homemade machine the best option there will be an installation of two clamping devices in the table, this design will make it possible to move the board on a smooth surface without touching the table.

Do-it-yourself machine

The manufacture of thicknessing machines at home is widespread, many people post drawings of their variants of the mechanism in libraries. According to the characteristics, they are quite close to the factory devices.

But in most cases, at home, there is no need for such a machine, and the main task during assembly is to save the budget.

With low material capabilities, it is better to assemble a thicknesser with a base on an electric planer, this will require the mandatory use of parts:

1. The bed is a metal frame in the form of a corner, the size of which is approximately 4–6 cm. It is reinforced with thick rods or reinforcement.
2. Work surface, table - you should use plywood or boards coated with an antiseptic, put a 1 mm thick galvanized metal plate on top.
3. Rollers for pulling - you can take rubber parts from an old laundry spinner. They must be bored to the size of the bearings and fixed on the axles. The length should correspond to the surface of the table, and the diameter is 2 cm.
4. Protective coating over the desktop - a sheet of tin, 1–2 mm thick, is suitable as a material. It must be fixed on a frame from a profile or corner.

The final stage is the assembly of all prepared parts. Assembling the machine begins with the bed, the elements are fixed by welding. You can connect the table and the frame with a corner and studs, but then you have to constantly check the tightening. A bar is installed to measure the thickness of the tree, a simple ruler will do.

When assembling a thicknessing machine, you need to pay attention to the following:

• smoothness and evenness of the table surface;
• table position adjustment;
• balance of all rotating and moving parts;
• check security.

Made planing homemade products must be checked at idle. If the design works correctly and meets all the parameters, you can test it in action. The final touch is the painting of all fixed elements.

It can be said that self-construction of a thicknessing apparatus does not take much time and effort. After spending several hours and being smart. You can get your own home wood processing plant.

Related video: Homemade thickness gauge

promzn.ru

Do-it-yourself thicknesser: drawings, videos and photos

Making a thickness gauge with your own hands is far from the most difficult task. A homemade device may have similar characteristics to simple factory thicknessers, but at the same time such a tool will cost several times cheaper, if not at all free. It all depends on how many components needed to assemble the device will have to be bought or ordered from the craftsmen.

Photo of a drawing of a thickness gauge with your own hands

• The thickness gauge is a device designed for planing workpieces, giving them a complete appearance;
• Such a device allows you to change the thickness of the product, create a perfectly smooth surface;
• Thickness gauge - an indispensable tool in the field of furniture production;
• With the help of a thickness gauge, you can finish the premises, create building materials, decorative elements;
• A factory tool is not a cheap pleasure. In this regard, home-made surface gage gained great popularity;
• You can make a planing tool with your own hands, based on the drawings and understanding the principle of operation of the unit.

A homemade device is a budget analogue of a factory machine. If you often have to deal with wooden blanks, or you are building yourself, creating furniture for your home, it is not necessary to buy an expensive factory thicknesser. For such purposes, a homemade tool will fit perfectly.

Photo of the device and the principle of operation of the thickness gauge

Homemade thicknesser, like its factory counterpart, includes several main components that you will need to make and assemble with your own hands:

• Table;
• Frame;
• knife shaft;
• Billet feeding system;
• Adjustment bolts.

So that in the process of work you do not have problems and questions, we will consider the features of assembling each of the presented elements of the machine separately.

Frame and table

1. Before starting the assembly of the thickness gauge itself for woodworking, determine the features of its future design. It is advisable to be based on ready-made drawings or sketches developed in detail with your own hands.
2. The desktop serves to accommodate the entire structure of a homemade thickness gauge.
3. In this case, the table should be arranged so that you can move freely around it. This is due to the supply of blanks on the desktop.
4. A homemade thicknesser is usually compact in size, which allows you to place the frame and desktop inside your own garage.
5. When making or choosing a material to make a desktop, give preference to perfectly flat surfaces. Otherwise, increased vibrations will occur during the operation of the installation.
6. The classic solution for a homemade thickness gauge is a desktop and a frame welded with an appropriate apparatus from a square pipe and metal corners. It is recommended to choose corners measuring 50 by 50 mm, and a pipe - about 40 millimeters.
7. The more massive you make the desktop, the more vibration-resistant the device will be. Therefore, it makes sense to use heavy, durable materials when making a table and a frame.

For self-assembly of the thicknesser, you may need the following tools:

• Electric drill;
• Welding;
• Turning tool;
• Drilling machine;
• corner Sander or just Bulgarian.

Shaft

• An important component of the planer machine is the knife shaft. Without it, a home-made thickness gauge simply will not be able to fulfill its direct duties;
• The knife shaft is the main element with which workpieces are processed;
• Trying to make a knife shaft yourself is not recommended, since it is almost impossible for a beginner to achieve its perfect balance;
• Experts with experience in assembling planers advise choosing a 300 mm knife shaft with three knives;
• The knife shaft has pulleys and is connected to the motor. In the case of a thicknessing machine, give preference to stepped models;
• On the machine, the knife shaft must rotate at a certain speed. For home use, the optimal speed limits are 4000-700 rpm;
• The shaft should be connected through an asynchronous electric motor. Its power can be 4-5 kW. This is quite enough to work at home;
• The principle of operation of an asynchronous 4-5 kilowatt motor allows you to make such a connection through a single-phase standard power supply. Your machine will be powered by 220 volts. This will reduce the cost of electricity, significantly simplify the process of maintenance, prevention and operation of the surface gage;
• Pinch rollers are required to operate the machine. You can carve them with your own hands, or use rollers from washing machines. In the second case, we advise you to choose parts from Soviet washing machines;
• The frame for rollers is manufactured as a welded structure using spring-loaded bolts.

Feed system and adjustment bolts

A manual woodworking thicknesser is somewhat inferior in efficiency and productivity to a machine, so the manual version should be used in certain cases. For most craftsmen, the principle of the machine is suitable, which they decide to make with their own hands.

1. Homemade thickness gauge, according to the drawings, is installed on the desktop with adjusting bolts. This principle of the device allows you to adjust the position of the structure as necessary.
2. To ensure precise table adjustment that allows effective use of the knife shaft, many use sprockets from bicycles, connecting them to the chain. Such an assembly principle will eliminate the need to adjust each bolt separately and change the position of the table with maximum accuracy.
3. To assemble such a design, springs are required. Borrow them from truck engine valves. Finding them in the auto parts market or in landfills is not at all problematic.
4. In most cases, the thicknessing homemade tool has a manual feed. Over time, a homemade thickness gauge can be improved by adding an automated feed system for workpieces to the desktop. This will allow the workpiece to move smoothly on the machine, removing a uniform layer of wood from the surface.
5. Experienced craftsmen we advise you to use special rollers to press the workpieces to the desktop during processing. It is difficult to make clamps on your own, but ready-made rollers can perfectly cope with the task.

As you can see, the principle of assembling the thickness gauge is quite simple. We advise you to reinforce your knowledge with video lessons, where the masters will tell you the secrets self-creation efficient planers.

Before starting work

• Before you make the first run of the workpiece, be sure to make sure that all the elements of the machine assembled by yourself are working. Without this, it is strictly forbidden to operate the tool;
• Check how well the knives are sharpened. With blunt shafts, you will not be able to achieve at least some result. And make sure they are properly installed;
• Don't forget the importance of a permanent shaft guard;
• Never process parts on a homemade thicknesser whose length is less than the distance between the two shafts of your tool;
• Do not clean, repair or attempt to adjust the thicknesser settings while the tool is running.

Otherwise, we only wish you good luck in assembling an efficient, reliable and productive thicknessing machine.

tvoistanok.ru

Do-it-yourself thicknessing machine made from an electric planer, other design options

Few people in childhood left indifferent the first visit to the carpentry workshop. The indescribable smell of fresh wood shavings, the cleanliness and smoothness of a freshly planed board, the fluffiness of sawdust - this is the place where, with the help of a thickening machine, several clumsy boards with a scratchy surface from protruding fibers were magically transformed into an elegant stool.

The result of the work of the thicknesser was perfectly even lumber, which was suitable for the manufacture of many such interesting and beautiful things.

The design and types of thicknessing machines

Of course, the thicknessing machine was not the only one in that workshop. And many of these workshops could not boast of such luxury at all. But a circular saw, often assembled on the same shaft as a planer drum, was almost always available. And then a simple device that allows you to control the uniformity of pressing the workpiece to the surface of the working table, brought the planer closer in its functionality to the planer, which in skilled hands provided almost the same result, although somewhat more expensive both in terms of work and time.

We talk about this in such detail here, so that the main topic of the article is clearer - making a thicknessing (thickness) machine with our own hands. After all, its main task: to plan a molded wooden material with the same thickness. And several successive planing operations on a planer with such a clamping device will provide this result.

But what is a real gage equipped with?

Thicknessing machine has:

• Desktop;
• working shaft (1 or 2), two - for simultaneous processing of two surfaces of the workpiece or one - for processing the workpiece on one side;
• rolls for clamping and pulling the workpiece (a pair from above or two - from above and below), with electric or manual drive;
• table height adjustment system;
• backstop protection system.

In the option of finalizing the planer, some of the listed systems are missing. But also, dual-purpose machines are industrially produced - planer-thickness planers.

In them, under the working table for jointing, there is a height-adjustable working table of the thicknesser. The processing of the workpiece is carried out by the same drum with knives as jointing. In this case, only the upper part of it is processed. During the operation of the machine as a thicknesser, the upper part of the machine is closed with a protective overlay, in order to avoid injury.

Sometimes a wide cutter is installed instead of a drum with knives.

Schematic diagram of the operation of the thicknessing machine

Why make a thicknessing machine with your own hands?

The scheme of work for most home craftsmen should be clear even without visualization, but for ease of understanding the tasks of self-manufacturing a thickness gauge, it will not be superfluous.

Motivation for self-manufacturing any equipment - two:

• desire for self-realization;
• desire for savings.

All the rest follow from the above. And you can save a lot of things:

• first of all - money due to the abolition of auxiliary functions, without which it is quite possible to do without in a home workshop;
• in the second - electricity by reducing the number of electric drives;
• in the third - a place in the workshop due to optimization and sizing.

If we talk about a full-fledged thicknessing machine, then, based on the three-dimensional drawing below, its components can be reduced to the following list:

• electric drive from an electric motor with a power of 1.5 - 2.5 kW for a two-knife drum rotating at a speed of 5 - 10 thousand rpm;
• manual chain adjustment of the level of the desktop;
• manual chain coupled feed of the workpiece with two lingering pressure rollers.

But you yourself accept the concept of your thickness gauge. Consider 3 approaches to implementing the idea of ​​self-manufacturing a thicknessing machine.

High-tech method of manufacturing a thicknessing machine

There are 3 independent electric drives, which are:

• drive the cutting drum,
• are pinch rollers,
• adjust the position of the desktop.

Torque is transmitted to the drum by means of a V-belt transmission, and in the remaining two versions - by a chain. Moreover, the uniformity of the pressing of the rollers is regulated by interconnected spring-loaded intermediate sprockets, although in our opinion, such a system will still not allow to avoid some temporary weakening of the chain at the moment the workpiece leaves the feed roller.

The tension of the drive chain for adjusting the height of the desktop is carried out by two rigidly fixed sprockets.

Such an approach, obviously, can be justified by the fact that you have a flexible mini-production with a large number of equipment reconfiguration operations. Although here, some schemes could be simplified. For example - like this:

Such a machine will not turn out to be cheap, and an abundance of fairly complex nodes will require constant Maintenance. But, apparently, this is exactly the case when it was precisely the desire for self-realization that came to the fore, because for the same money it would be quite possible to find a used thicknessing machine and, having slightly repaired it, provide a solution to the same problems.

Do-it-yourself thicknessing machine from an electric planer

It is this approach to solving most tasks for the thickness gauge that arise in the conditions of a home workshop that seems to us the most interesting.

First of all, this interest is based on minimal modifications to an existing tool to perform the work of expensive equipment with almost the same result.

By installing an electric planer on a platform with a variable height, we get almost the same thickness gauge. True, it regulates not the position of the desktop, but the position of the working tool in relation to the workpiece being processed, but the essence of the process does not change from this. The role of the table here is performed by a flat powerful board with width limiters on the sides. They also serve as a place of attachment of the main node. But first, let's talk about him.

On the planer, we will change the back support plate to a home-made one made of OSB or plywood, with a thickness that provides the same level with the front plate, which regulates the required clearance (1 - 3 mm) for chip removal. Its width should correspond to the width of our impromptu desktop.

On the sides of this plate, rails are screwed for attaching the legs, the height of which is dictated solely by common sense. It is obvious that, based on the standard width of the planer knives of 82 mm, the thickness of the processed workpieces should not be more than 100 mm, so the distance between the axes of the leg fastenings can be taken equal to 110 - 120 mm. Accordingly, their total length will vary from 140 to 160 mm with a width of 35 mm and a thickness of at least 10 mm. The legs are fastened strictly at the same distance from the edge of the bar.

The installation of the assembled movable upper unit with an electric planer on the desktop is carried out in place, so that the fastening is strictly on the same level. This is done to parallelize its movement relative to the base surface, which will ensure the accuracy of the workpiece processing.

The height in the process of work is most easily set by selecting rails of the appropriate thickness, screwed onto the width limiters of the desktop, or using other supports.

And the clamping of the working tool should be provided with spring ties or a tourniquet, but for small workpieces this is not required at all. Also, in a given position, this parallel platform can be fixed with self-tapping screws.

Video of the application of a thickness gauge assembled by one's own hands:

Budget version of a homemade surface gauge

This is the simplest method of using an electric planer as a thicknesser. Of course, it is unlikely that anyone would think of calling this design a thicknessing machine, but in terms of the function it performs, this is exactly it.

We deliberately chose the option for wide blanks. Indeed, in this form, it performs work that is beyond the power of most industrial thicknessing machines precisely because of the width of the material being processed, and in our case it is limited only by the length of your hands.

Of course, we cannot recommend such a barbarous fastening of an electric planer - a rather expensive tool - to a movable platform. Where more interesting option fixing it, described in the previous section of the article, but using a wider platform and carrying out the rails along the width, and not along the axis of the tool. In this case, the risk of damaging something important inside the planer body is reduced to zero.

In the given example, a glued set of wooden slats of various sizes and even wood species is processed.

Height adjustment is carried out by installing calibrated bars on the sides of the working table, two sets of which will allow you to process an unlimited number of workpieces on both sides in the size specified in thickness.

Obviously, the same system can also be used when processing molded material, and not just wide and short workpieces, but at the same time, unlike the thicknessing machine and the previous option for using an electric planer as it, you will not move the workpiece, but move independently along her.

It is no less obvious that the desktop must be perfectly flat in the horizontal plane, otherwise its unevenness can be transmitted to all processed workpieces. Watch the video example below:

Dear readers, if you still have questions, ask them using the form below. We will be glad to communicate with you;)

stroi-specialist.ru

Do-it-yourself thicknessing machine - drawings and video

Hello dear readers and subscribers of the blog, Andrey Noak is in touch with you! Today I, Andrey Noak, am ready to share with you useful information. We're talking about a homemade gauge. Namely, about how to make a thicknessing machine with your own hands at home.

Buy or make, which is more profitable?

We often put our dreams off until later. More and more we think about how to quickly deal with tasks in the usual way according to the type - "pressed the button and the back is wet." (This is me about the usual jointer).

The word "homemade" skeptics refer to the category of "unprofessional". Not at all. 50% of workshops work on homemade equipment. Main result! Right? And what machines the master uses, the client does not care (if you take the order to work).

Well, if you decide to build or make something for yourself, then God himself ordered you to roll up your sleeves and create your own machine in order to “not cost a pretty penny”.

What is the purpose of a planer machine?

The main purpose of purchasing a thickness gauge is to make your work easier and at the same time save on the purchase of boards and on the service for their processing.

If you have been in construction for a long time, then you know that it is more profitable to buy unplaned boards. It's much cheaper. But such boards cannot be used! Traumatic and not aesthetically pleasing. What to do in this case? After all, you want to not stay at a loss and get a quality product. Let's look at the origins in order to understand what we are talking about.

The thickness gauge is designed for planing and leveling the thickness of boards. He handles a large number of material in the shortest time. A home-made thicknessing machine is practically a mini plant at home! Tree sizing plant. And what is the quality of the output! Board to board! All the same thickness, even, smooth! It's expensive to watch. And working with such wooden boards is a pleasure!

The tree loves care, strong hands and quality equipment.

Here's a simple example for you. The hostess in the kitchen makes cutting vegetables by hand. In doing so, she spends a lot of time and effort. Yes, and the vegetables are not even, not the same as needed for the perfect salad. I just want to say to her: “Hello, wake up! In the yard of the 21st century! And what were harvesters invented for?

So, I think that every self-respecting owner - a carpenter must have in his arsenal of planing equipment - a thicknessing machine. It is profitable and functional. The quality of the boards is perfect!

How long does it take to make a thicknessing machine yourself?

It should be noted right away that this task is within the power of every master who is somehow connected with construction activities or the carpentry profession. You can build it in just a couple of hours if you have all the constituent parts and the necessary details. Well, for a more complex model, of course, you have to spend a little more time.

What you need to have to make the simplest thicknessing machine? I will answer this question a little later. And now we will understand the need for this task. Let's start with the main question.

How much will a machine at home cost you?

An old friend of mine told me the good news the other day. He finally acquired the same thicknessing machine for wood, which he had dreamed of for so long. Yes, it's really cool! But he could spend the money on some optional equipment, he has time to read my advice.

If in the spirit of words, then he bought what he could do himself at home.

Well, maybe not one on one. But, nevertheless, with the functions that its expensive machine performs, a home-made thicknesser from a planer will cope with a bang!

How to do with your own hands what is usually bought for a lot of money? And how much will it cost? The asking price is minimal.

Everything that is at hand can be used. Depends on the model you choose. For more complex machines using grinding, for example, the list of required parts increases.

And you can make it from "waste". I cut the tabletop for my thickness gauge from an old sink. But her fate was already decided. She was sent to the dump! I gave her a new life!

So, if you know what is the main difference between an electric jointer and a thicknessing machine, then you clearly understand that it is quite difficult to manage without such an assistant in the construction of any object or in the manufacture of furniture.

Calibrated boards will not come out of the planer. He just grinds! And the thickness gauge will give you perfectly even boards of the same thickness, exactly like a carbon paper.

We have finally come to the main question.

What tools do you need to make a homemade thickness gauge?

To begin with, we try to collect the simplest one. Go. We make a mini machine from an electric planer for processing small bars and slats with a maximum processing height of 100mm. The maximum workpiece width is 110mm.

So we need:

• Electric jigsaw;
• Electric drill;
• Measuring tool.

Accessories:

1. Electroplaner;
2. corners;
3. Plywood;
4. self-tapping screws;
5. Stud or long bolt.

Well, now let's move on to the details and we will get, as it were step-by-step instruction manufacturing.

Preparation process for work

To adjust the thickness of the workpiece, the jointer must be lowered and raised (fixed). Therefore, our main task is to hang the electric planer over the tabletop.

You can, of course, do everything by eye, but it is better to think through all the details in advance. It is not necessary to make drawings of a mini machine yourself, you can search on the Internet. But I still recommend drawing the products with my own pens and doing something based on the drawing. So you can think through every detail better, and it will be possible to use everything that is badly lying in its construction!

Stages of work

1. We remove the back plate from the electric planer and install the base on which the mounting strips will be located;
2. We will cut the details from plywood: 4 pieces of guides for raising and lowering the electric planer, side cheeks, 2 covers for adjustment;
3. We make the body (base) and attach 4 guides to it;
4. In advance, we make a hole in the bottom cover and fasten the nut with M10 thread;
5. We insert the carriage into it and cover it with the top cover (a bearing is inserted in the cover: 30 x 10 x 10);
6. We insert the M10 screw (thread pitch 1.5 mm)

Machine start

1. We put the machine on a workbench (table);
2. Using a ruler or any other measuring device, set the height of the electric planer and fix it;
3. We connect to the network of electric planers. To start it for permanent operation, press the start button and fix it with the side button;
4. Let's get to work. We skip a few pieces.

If unevenness remains on the boards, it is necessary to reduce the thickness of the blanks.

1. We lower the electric planer down to the desired thickness and skip it again. And so we continue to achieve the desired size.

Calibration is considered completed if the output of the board turned out to be the same thickness.

Conclusion

Here, perhaps, and all on this topic. I hope my advice has been helpful to many. I am happy to be of service, and thank you, dear readers, for the feedback that you leave me daily.

Stay up to date with my news and do not forget to subscribe to updates. I wish you all successful achievements, new discoveries and inventions. Andrei Noak was with you.

Homemade surface gauge.

Many people, nowadays, are engaged in wood processing. However, with a simple, manual planer, it will take a very long time to process the surface of the wood blank. To the aid of carpenters and simple lovers of woodworking comes a thicknessing machine.

The thicknesser is a special machine for the smooth leveling of wood surfaces.

This equipment performs planing actions, which are called thicknessing. It is in honor of this action that the machine got its name. In turn, before planing the woody plane, it must be perfectly flat. This result is achieved using a jointer, which aligns the horizontal on the tree. However, this work is considered draft.

purpose

The thicknessing equipment has its purpose in many industries where wood is used. With its help, various shields, bars, boards are processed. An ideal result is achieved in all planes of the product.

For example, if you take wooden beam, then it will be, at the end of the planing actions, very smooth on all four sides. Thickness thicknesses, in particular industrial ones, have such a property as processing large areas and the number of boards with a large width.

Homemade thicknessers weigh quite a bit. This ensures their trouble-free transportation. On homemade machines, it is much easier to adjust the thickness of the chips removed during processing.

Type of equipment

Thicknessing equipment is distinguished by the following criteria, namely, by the number of knives on the cutting shaft:

Unilateral.

Thickness gauge one-sided

Such a machine is the simplest and has only one knife on the main shaft.

Also, a single-sided thicknesser is considered budget option and designed for home use.

Due to one knife, it is able to process only one side of the product.

double sided

Thickness gauge double-sided

This equipment has in its design two shafts with knives located parallel to each other.

This module is considered more productive.

It has an automated supply of wood blanks.

Professional planer

Thickness gauge special

Such machines have in their design from three shafts with knives or more.

This thicknesser is already intended for professional woodworking, and also has the ability to produce parts in large volumes.

The price category of this equipment ranges from 35 thousand to 100 thousand rubles. However, if the machines are built according to last word technology, the price, respectively, will be quite high. Therefore, it will be easiest and also cheaper to create a hand-written project.

Tip: If your budget allows you to buy a factory installation, then you need to choose the best one. However, if the budget is tight, then try to create an analogue. This will save you time and money.

In addition to the knife difference, thicknessers also differ in scope

Budget household

With their help, it is possible to achieve good performance. Differs in an affordable price category, small dimensions. By purchasing this machine, you can easily build your own house.

Combined

Limited by a small amount of work, low price. It is intended primarily for domestic purposes. For many household purposes, this equipment is sufficient.

semi-professional

They are widely used in carpentry workshops. Such equipment is capable of producing impressive volumes of finished products.

Professional thicknessers

Due to the fact that such equipment is more powerful than its smaller counterparts, it is capable of producing huge volumes of furniture blanks and components. They are used in woodworking factories.

Industrial modules

They are used only at sawmills, at enterprises engaged in the extraction and processing of wood. Such machines have huge dimensions, power, so their use in everyday life will be impractical.

The design of a homemade machine

Planer design.

As you can see their pictures above, design this machine is not so complicated. The front and rear tables, on which the wood is fed for processing, must be even and smooth, and also located in the same plane, for unhindered wood feeding. Many joiners create thicknessers from an electric planer and from a router. This design is quite simple.

Tip: The higher the speed of rotation of the shaft with knives, the smoother and cleaner the surface will be when finished!

Principle of operation

Schematic diagram of the gauge device.

The principle of operation of the machine lies in the flat planing of the surface of the wood blank. The most important tool of this machine is a shaft with knives, which does the main work. The bottom line is this. Wooden plank fed by hand or automatically, by special pressure rollers. The material is processed on one side, usually from above. In some cases, top and bottom. The knife shaft is adjusted to the required level of thickness, and the board goes through a full planing. The result is a perfectly smooth surface.

Tip: Before you start planing, you need to prepare the workpiece on the planer to achieve a perfectly flat surface!

Thickness gauges are high-performance woodworking machines. After all, you can’t do a lot of things with a hand planer. For the desired result, it is enough to adjust the equipment to the required dimensions, and then, parts can be produced in batches.

It is important to know! To achieve high-quality manufacturing of manufactured products, you should not immediately set a large depth of planing. Such actions will only worsen the expected result.

Assembling a thicknessing machine with your own hands according to the drawings

Assembly does not take much time and does not require a large amount of materials. However, in order for the assembly to take place, you must have the following tools and equipment:

Lathe

It will be needed for the manufacture of elements of rotation, in this case rollers.

Drilling machine

Useful for making holes for fasteners and so on.

Welding machine

In turn, welding is the main tool for assembling the bed, the feed table.

Drill

Useful for smaller holes, possibly for driving bolts if appropriate.

Bulgarian

Before assembling the structure, it is necessary to cut off all the necessary parts correctly, according to the drawings with dimensions.

Tip: When working with a grinder, you should take into account the dimensions and thickness of the cutting disc, otherwise the design may not turn out to be even.

If you don't know how to do and from what parts you can assemble the machine, then on the Internet you can easily find free drawings and a photo for assembly. Below will be presented one of these drawings, which we will analyze.

As a rule, all home-made thicknessing machines have dimensions of 1x1 meters. This allows you to transport it and move it to the place you need. However, it is worth considering that the equipment must be located in such a way that it is accessible from all sides. That is, the approach to it should be free.

Before assembly

It is very important to familiarize yourself with the layout of all parts on the machine:

• Table of giving and delivery of preparation. (one)
• Directly wood harvesting.(2)
• Safety device. (3)
• Top feed roller with a corrugated surface. (4)
• The front block is clamping, the so-called "chip breaker". (5)
• Main shaft with knives. (6)
• Clamping pad rear. (7)
• A feed roller having a smooth surface located at the top. (eight)
• Smooth roller located below. (nine)

Tip: First you need to sketch drawings with dimensions.

Drawing of the bed.

First thing

A bed is being made for a future invention. To do this, you can use an iron corner measuring 50x50 mm, or a profile, square pipe measuring 40x40 mm. The large size of these parts can cause unnecessary vibration when working with the machine.

After all the elements of the bed are ready, the work begins welding machine and a frame for the machine is created. drilling machine pre-made all the necessary holes needed for future assembly. It is desirable to concrete the frame in order to eliminate excessive vibration in the future.

When the frame is welded, the knife and other shafts are installed. The best option would be to purchase them in finished condition. This will improve the quality of future products. But, if not possible, they can be made on a lathe.

Motor pulleys and shafts

It is advisable to purchase gear, which will allow the use of a chain. The motor can be selected asynchronous, with a power of 4 - 5 kilowatts. If it is possible to get a manual laundry wringer from old Soviet washing machines, its rollers can be used as pressure rollers.

The rubberized coating of these rollers will allow less deformation of the wood. The frame for the rollers is made by welding, and is mounted on bolts with springs on one side. This allows them to move vertically.

On the other side

A piece of tie rod is welded as a limiter. The tabletop itself, which consists of two parts, back and front, is mounted on prepared adjusting mounts. This allows you to adjust the height of the table.

Tip: Before starting work, it is important to make sure that the knives on the shaft are sharpened correctly, as well as their location.

It is important to know! In no case should a workpiece be processed that will not be pressed by both shafts. Also, it is strictly forbidden to repair work and cleaning of the equipment during its operation! Failure to follow these rules may result in injury.

When everything is ready, you can start woodworking.

Equipment setup

The whole machine, before work, at home, must be set up properly. The adjustment is made by tightening or loosening the feed rollers. If the working table on the machine is almost completely filled, then it will be necessary to increase the pressure of the rollers on the feed.

If small parts are processed, then this pressure must be reduced, this is done so that the wood is not dented, in the truest sense of the word.

If dealt with correctly with planer equipment and understand its entire mechanism, then setting up during subsequent work will not be difficult.

Work safety

All safety precautions in working with machines are the same and extremely demanding. This technology list includes:

1. Do not put your hands where the rollers are spinning - this can lead to serious injury.
2. The machine must be grounded to avoid electric shock and fire.
3. The presence of rubber mats near the machine is essential.
4. It is strictly forbidden to clean the machine during its operation.
5. It is forbidden to repair parts of the equipment when the machine is connected to the electrical network.
6. Before turning on the machine, you must make sure that all mechanisms are working.
7. Before switching on, make sure that the electrical wire is in good condition.

Compliance with simple safety rules when working with homemade machine will save your health and life.

Video reviews

Overview of a homemade thicknesser machine with automatic feed

Overview of the phased assembly of his own thickness gauge

Overview of the operation of the thicknessing machine

In recent years, one of the most popular types of mechanisms for woodworking is a thicknessing machine. It is used both in industrial production and in the household. In order to facilitate the process of planing blank materials, you need to buy a unit or make it yourself.

What is the purpose of the screed machine?

Its main purpose is to plan a wood blank over the entire thick surface of the material. The machine easily processes boards, paving products, as well as from boards, successfully adjusting the material to the desired size in one run (and not in several walkers, as happens with a jointer).

There are some types of thicknessers that do an excellent job with plastic products, as well as some other polymer materials.

The main indicator of the work of a modern thicknessing machine is the ability to penetrate deeply into the workpiece. As a rule, it does not exceed one to three millimeters. Many units of our days are able to process the width of the product even by 30 - 330 mm.

Currently, there are such types of surface gauges as:

1. With one working side.
2. With two working sides.
3. Combining many functions.

The main feature of the mechanism with one working side is the ability to plan the workpiece surface only from the top side, while the units with two working sides are equipped with two shafts for cutting the product - from the top and bottom sides, this makes it possible to process both sides of the part at the same time.

Components of the planer unit:

• bed base;
• shaft with a cutting section;
• working surface of the table;
• springs for clamping operating mechanisms;
• billet rollers and means of their supply for surface treatment.

The frame of the unit is always made of complex cast iron alloys for industrial volumes, but at the domestic level, frames based on light metals such as aluminum are used.

The table on which the base for the bed is fixed cannot be less than one meter in length (this is the main requirement to comply with safety regulations). Single sided units have a fixed worktable surface, while double sided units can be easily adjusted in height.

The main working mechanism is considered to be a knife surface for processing the product, while at least one to four edges are installed on the machine for cutting the surface of products. The edges wear out fairly quickly and need to be replaced frequently. Two pairs of special ones are driven by an electric motor and are responsible for feeding the product. automatic system.

How to make the right choice in favor of a thicknesser machine?

At home, it is best to choose a unit that is capable of rotating the shaft at least ten thousand revolutions per minute, and also having a power of 1.8 kW. It is this power that makes it possible to qualitatively process products with a solid surface.

The best weight of a machine with a thickness gauge for home use is 25-40 kg, although there are many mechanisms on the market with a weight of 10 kg or more. In real practice, it is not very convenient to use them, because equipment with such weight categories is not intended for industrial scale.

How to make a thicknesser machine with your own hands - step by step instructions

In conditions where it is not possible to purchase a multifunctional unit, they usually resort to the need to make do-it-yourself thicknessing machines for wood. But even made at home, they perfectly match the specified parameters. Thus, in household use, a home-made thicknessing machine is used extremely rarely and instead they try to use a standard mechanism.

If there is very little money, then the best option is to make a unit based on an electric planer. To implement this action, the following parts are used:

1. Stationary part. It is made from a metal alloy with a width of at least 40-60 mm. Wherein important point is the use of hexagonal rods with spacers.
2. Extended rollers. In this case, rubber rollers from a used washing machine will also work. Mandatory requirement: bore for bearings and fix the mechanism on the axles. The length of the axes depends only on the length of the desktop surface. The best diameter is no more than 20 mm.
3. For the production of the desktop use lump plywood. It is covered with a sheet of zinc, the minimum thickness is 1 mm, but before work, the board must be covered with a protective agent.
4. The coating used to protect the desktop is usually no more than 1-2 mm thick and is fixed at the bottom of the profile corner.

Most planers manufactured in the factory have a special support plate. Thus, in order to attach it to the base of the machine for the thicknesser, you should not be very difficult.

The lower part of the plate must be equipped with a corner; it has a length of at least 5 mm. For proper regulation of homemade products, it is necessary to resort to an axis with a helical surface, but there are other equipment options.

For the production of a thicknessing machine of this kind, you will have to lay out finances:

• About 10 thousand rubles need to be spent on an electric planer bought in a specialized center.
• About 3 thousand will have to be laid out on a metal profile.
• Another trifle, as well as bearings and studs, will cost another 3 thousand.

It is important to understand that the power of the mechanism depends only on the components of the electric chopping tool. But this design is far from safe, it does not have any devices that would block reverse blanks under the influence of work. If fragments and shavings fly from the board, then only a screen tin slider that is no more than 3 mm thick can save you.

For budget buyers, the following unit models are provided:

1. Universal mechanical thicknessing unit BBK 5906 costing from 14,000 rubles. Its main functions: circulation and jointing with a one-sided thickness gauge. The drive power is not more than 2 kW, the cutting shaft rotates at a speed of about 8000 rpm. Penetration in one pass - 3 mm.
2. A woodworking unit with a thicknessing nozzle, number BBK 5904. Estimated cost - 20,000-24,000 rubles. Equipped with a more powerful electric motor.

The device can easily replace many components:

• milling mechanism;
• saw for trimming;
• saw for circulation;
• jointer mechanism;
• grinding machine.

For industrial production the machines listed above are not suitable, the best choice- This is the Stoman DMS-41 model. average price not less than 220,000 rubles. Most often, this unit is used in workshops for wood processing.

This model has in its structure a shaft with four shafts, with an average diameter of at least 1 dm. For a minute develops speed up to 5000 revolutions. The built-in drive collects power up to 3 kW. DMS-41 and its analogues easily process workpieces with a thickness of 4-220 mm. The device removes at least 4 mm of its surface from the product.

Video: do-it-yourself thicknesser.

It is best not to save money and not sell cheap on dubious Chinese analogues of units of this type, because savings of 30-40% will come back to haunt you later. Main reasons:

1. Most Chinese machines today are disposable.
2. Insufficient number of components for Chinese machine models.
3. Difficulties in finding a specialist in Russia who could repair a Chinese machine.

Advantages of Russian-made mechanisms:

• spare parts for machines are always available in any quantity;
• a drive belt can be purchased for 200 rubles;
• belt replacement is carried out no more than once a year.

The best manufacturers of woodworking thicknessers today:

1. Anchor.
2. Kraton.
3. Makita.
4. Interskol.
5. Jet.