Flat slate garage. We build a house from slate with our own hands. Materials for the manufacture of the truss system
Sometimes there is a need to use a practical material that can be used both for building cladding and for fencing on the site, as well as for roofing. For all these purposes, flat slate is suitable, which is successfully used on construction sites of the different type.
Flat slate - technical specifications
It is this material that does not require special skills from you during installation, in addition, it is not too expensive. Slate is relatively strong and durable. Flat slate sheets consist of a special mixture - Portland cement and asbestos fiber, as well as water. At the same time, the total share of asbestos itself reaches almost 18% - this is enough to obtain the much-needed tensile strength and the desired impact strength.
The asbestos that makes up the sheets is used in construction works Ah, it's been more than a decade. It turns out that at a fairly low price you get high-quality material. As professionals note, such sheets have high rates - both in terms of hygroscopicity and airtightness. It is also convenient that the market has a large number of various kinds slate and color solutions. Depending on the characteristics, the price for the product also varies.
However, first of all, builders pay attention to the use of a press in the process of manufacturing slate. It is the pressed one that is most valued - such sheets have more bending strength of the material and reaches 23 MPa, while the unpressed one has 5 units less. The density of the material is also higher for the pressed one and reaches 1.8 g / cc, and as for frost resistance, in the first case the indicator reaches 50 defrosting cycles, in the second - 25.
When choosing, it is better to stop at sheets whose thickness will be at least 8 mm - this will give you the necessary strength. The most enterprising citizens manage to build even a garage or something like a stall from such an asbestos product. Quite often, flat sheets are used for both cladding and fencing.
Flat slate - application and options
In addition to being used in the construction of small buildings, in recent times this material has become more often in demand in the construction of residential buildings. And this, first of all, is the finishing and cladding of the facade, as well as the interior of the office premises. You can use this product if you need to resolve the issue of facing partitions, ventilation shafts, window lintels.
Pros and cons - what should be valued and what should be feared?
If you ever need to carry out the dismantling of such sheets or partial repairs, then you can safely carry out these works without disassembling the entire roofing. But a strong enough impact of stones on such material can lead to holes or cracks. Depending on the thickness of the product, it can withstand a certain wind load. But you can not worry about the appearance of bark beetle pests, do not cover with an anti-corrosion coating and not be afraid of low minus or vice versa high plus temperatures.
Such flat sheets can be successfully decorated and painted. You can paint such material yourself with the help of a special one, or buy sheets already in the color that you like. This material should also be valued for its incombustibility, but at the same time its service life is only 25–30 years. The question of toxicity or non-toxicity of the material is still not closed. While we use it, in Europe some types of slate with unsafe substances have been discontinued. At the same time, different laboratories give their arguments in defense of their position.
But the pluses of the product include the commercially available sheet sizes - now you can buy both sheets with parameters of 1000x1500 mm and 3000x1500 mm. When buying sheets, you can give preference to a non-standard length of the material - if necessary, the manufacturer can fulfill an order for your dimensions. So whether or not to use such material in the construction of your house, garage, fence or foundation is up to you!
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Sheets of asbestos-cement slate are a very useful and practical material that is successfully used at construction sites of various types. It has good strength, is durable, does not require special skills during installation and has a low price. Nowadays, a flat slate garage, flat slate formwork, stalls, pavilions and a huge number of other buildings are not uncommon. Photos that builders constantly post on the Internet show that on almost any construction site you can find a sheet of flat slate.
Yes, flat slate can be used for both cladding and fencing. on the appropriateness of its use in different situations you will learn from this article.
Flat slate - characteristic
Asbestos is one of the types of mineral raw materials that perfectly combines high quality and relatively low price. This material has been used in the construction market for over 100 years. The number of finished types of structures, in which asbestos can be found, is in the thousands.
If you pay attention to pressed and not pressed slate without additional improvements, then you can make a small comparative table. The number 1 will indicate the value of the pressed flat sheet of slate, the number 2 will indicate the value of the non-pressed sheet.
So let's start the comparison:
- Material bending strength: 1) 23 MPa, 2) 18 MPa.
- Material density: 1) 1.8 g/cc, 2) 1.6 g/cc.
- Impact density of the material: 1) 2.5 kJ/sq.m., 2) 2 kJ/sq.m.
- Frost resistance: 1) from 50 defrost cycles, 2) from 25 cycles.
- Residual strength after all specified freeze and thaw cycles.
As we already mentioned, flat slate is often used in small structures like stalls and pavilions, but recently it has become popular in the construction of residential buildings. Since it became possible to finish flat slate, its use for façade cladding and office space decoration has been noticed. And the high strength of the material allows it to be used during the erection of the foundation.
Asbestos cement sheets are used in many areas of our life, but let's highlight the main ones:
- cladding of wide profile structures (partitions, ventilation shafts, flooring, window lintels and many others);
- use as sprinklers cooling towers at power plants;
- cladding of public, residential and industrial buildings outside and inside;
- facing of ventilated facades;
- installation of panels according to the "sandwich" principle;
- construction of outbuildings (arbors, aviaries, summer buildings, small paths);
- construction of slate fences.
In some cases, it is necessary to exclude the penetration of slate with nails so as not to violate the tightness of the structure. In such situations, you can use a flat slate clamp.
Country beds
Recently, the popularity of asbestos-cement sheets has become so high that even gardeners have begun to adapt this material to their plots. He was put to good use in creating beds on suburban area. The installation of slate has greatly facilitated the process of watering and caring for the soil, so now flat slate beds are not uncommon.
Foundation construction
The foundation is another area where flat slate sheets can play a significant role. The work on the construction of the foundation can be safely called one of the most basic, because the foundation is being laid for the building, which in the future can affect its durability and reliability. In modern conditions, the end user is provided with a huge selection of options for building a foundation using the most different materials so the choice is yours.
Many make a choice in favor of a flat slate that has been proven over the years. They have already appreciated all the advantages of asbestos-cement sheets, why not do the same for you?
Consider the procedure for erecting a high-quality foundation for a building:
- At the very beginning, it is necessary to dig trenches for the main bearing walls, including under internal partitions. Under the place where it is planned to install the doors, the earth should remain unexcavated. Sand is poured into the bottom of the trench, then filled with water and carefully compacted. Then, welded reinforcement is placed on top of the sand in the trench, which will subsequently be sheathed with sheets of flat slate.
- The fittings are sheathed with slate on the inside of the future building. On the inside of the sheets, wooden planks are attached, which are then attached to the slate sheets and to the reinforcement using self-tapping screws. At the same time, the material itself should not experience strong pressure from people or some objects, as it may begin to split.
- At the third stage, the outer walls of the foundation are erected.
- The fourth stage of the construction of the foundation has come. The space between the inside and outer wall the foundation is covered in several layers with crushed stone, and then gradually reliably concreted.
- After the floor is poured with concrete, you can proceed to the construction of the basement and the conservation of the building for the winter.
The dimensions of the slate allow this.
Installation of a fence made of flat slate is carried out as follows:
- We strengthen the fence structure by enclosing slate sheets in a 25 mm metal corner. The corner is bent along the perimeter of the sheet, and its ends are welded to create an immovable structure.
- The slate sheet is fixed in the corner with metal plates that are welded to the corner.
- Holes are drilled in the sheets with an electric drill, after which they are attached to metal poles with bolts and nuts. Washers can be used to relieve pressure on the slate.
From all of the above, we can conclude that it is very profitable to use asbestos-cement sheets in the household, since they can be used in almost any area. And their advantages, combined with a low price, make flat slate one of the most indispensable materials!
- single-sided. For its manufacture does not require too many building materials. Moreover, you can build it on your own, because its construction does not require the use of complex technologies. In this article, you will learn the intricacies of how to make a pitched garage roof.
You can list a number positive sides such structures, here are some of them:
- Unlike gable roof need much less building material.
- There is no need to create a complex project.
- The rafter system is constructed quite simply.
- Low cost.
- The speed of construction.
When designing a garage on the plan, it is important to indicate the required slope of the coating. To a greater extent, it depends on the material with which the roof will overlap, for example, it can be ondulin, roofing material, slate, metal profiles, tiles.
For example, if roofing material is selected, then the minimum roof slope is 5 degrees, for bituminous tiles up to 22, and for high-profile tiles, the slope angle can reach up to 30 degrees.
Among other things, it is worth considering the location of the building on the site. Analyze in which direction the wind blows, how much precipitation falls in your area. To make accurate calculations, you can use the online calculator.
We invite you to consider the option of making a shed roof on a slate garage.
First of all, it is necessary to calculate the building material, collect essential tool and then get to work.
To build a roof, you will need the following set of tools and materials:
- slate;
- slate nails;
- unedged board;
- wooden blocks:
- hydro vapor barrier;
- wood saw;
- axe;
- a hammer;
- staples and stapler;
- sharp knife.
For a shed roof, a truss system is being built. You can use 12 cm bars as beams. As rafter leg a beam of 10 × 20 cm is suitable, and for a crate a rake of 0.5 × 0.5 cm.
So, for slate, a roof slope of 20 ° is made. A partial slope of the roof can be formed by masonry walls. One wall will be lower, and it is better that it is located on the side of strong winds. Next, a Mauerlat is mounted on the walls. Be sure to waterproof before laying the mauerlat beam. As a waterproofing, you can put roofing material. Later, a truss system will be attached to the Mauerlat. The bar itself is fixed to the wall with an anchor.
The rafters are laid in increments of 70–80 cm. They must be fixed to the Mauerlat with nails.
For safe movement, lay the boards on the rafters. It will also allow you to work much faster.
The next step is waterproofing. For this, a plastic film is laid on the crate. Be sure to lay the film with an overlap of up to 20 cm. In this case, the overlap should be in the direction of the slope. Otherwise, running water or condensation may flow into the garage. The film is attached to the rails with a stapler.
In conclusion, it remains to cover the roof with slate. It is necessary to start laying from the bottom up with the help of special nails. Be sure to secure the wind boards that will prevent the roof from being torn off.
Following such a simple technology, you can build a roof on a cooperative garage. Moreover, all the work is quite possible to do on their own. You can learn how to do all the work correctly from the provided video.
The completion of the construction of any building is the construction of the roof. Different designs can be used for a garage, but a shed roof would be the best and cheapest option. This is due to the fact that decorative appearance here they usually fade into the background, giving way to reliability, simplicity and speed of construction. A shed roof has all the listed advantages, therefore it is most often used for a garage, especially since any home craftsman can do it with his own hands.
Types of pitched roofs
When creating a shed roof, the rafters are laid parallel to each other, while one end is slightly higher than the other, which ensures the desired slope. A crate is mounted on the rafters, which serves as the basis for the selected roofing material.
In order for one edge of the rafters to be higher than the other, the following design solutions can be used.
- During the design of the garage, it is envisaged that one of its walls will be higher than the other. Depending on which direction the roof slope should be directed, the opposite walls are made of different sizes. If the slope is from front to back, then the front wall is made higher, otherwise the back wall should be higher. In such cases, the length of the rafters is more than 5–6 meters, so they must be further strengthened. When creating a transverse slope, one of the side walls is made higher. Here the rafters will be shorter, usually 4-5 meters, so they do not need to be reinforced, and the design is simpler.
The required slope of the slope is provided due to the difference in the height of the walls
- A shed roof can already be erected on a finished building, in which all walls are of the same height. In this case, the slope is provided by installing racks on one side of the roof. From above, the racks are tied with a bar, which acts as a Mauerlat. After the installation of the roof, the facade and side triangles are sewn up, for which wood or metal can be used. This solution saves wall material, since it is not necessary to build trapezoidal gables, and the construction process is much faster.
If the walls have the same height, the required slope of the slope can be provided by installing racks on one of the sides
- With the same height of the walls of the garage roof trusses can be done on the ground, and only then install them on the Mauerlat after a certain distance. To simplify the work, you must first assemble a template farm and already make all the rest on it. After all the triangles are ready, they go up to the roof. The lower corners are fixed to the Mauerlat, and the upper ones are tied with a beam into a single structure. This solution allows you to create long rafters, as they can be reinforced with racks and struts. In the garage, a horizontal ceiling is obtained, so it will be easier to hem and insulate it.
With the same wall height, the required angle of inclination of the slope can be obtained by installing roof trusses assembled on the ground
- If the garage is attached to capital building, the lower edge of the rafters rests on the Mauerlat or on the racks, and the second end is fixed on the support beam, previously fixed to the wall of the building. Both rafters and roof trusses can be fixed, as described in the previous version.
In the case of adjoining the garage to the house, one end of the rafters is fixed on the wall of the building, for which a supporting frame can be assembled on it
Do-it-yourself shed roof for a garage
The pitched roof is simple solution, which is often used in the construction of garages. Depending on the roofing material used and the climatic conditions of the area, its angle of inclination should be different:
- for slate - 20–35 o;
- for corrugated board - not less than 8 o;
- for soft roof- more than 10 o ;
- for seam roofing - 8–30 o;
- for metal tiles - from 30 to 60 o.
Despite the fact that such a roof has simple design, if everything is done correctly, then it will serve for more than a dozen years. For the manufacture of the rafter system and the batten, only well-dried wood should be taken (humidity should be no more than 18%). If it is more humid, then during drying, the structure may change its size and shape.
A shed roof is quite within the power to do it yourself for anyone home master. When choosing this particular design for a garage, its main advantages should be taken into account:
- simple calculation;
- a small amount of building materials;
- cheapness;
- high speed of erection;
- the possibility of improvement, insulation and modernization in the future.
Despite this, the shed design also has its drawbacks, which must also be taken into account:
- you will have to remove a large amount of precipitation, so you need to make an appropriate drainage system;
- if the slope of the ramp is less than 30 o, during heavy snowfalls, it will be necessary to manually clear the snow, since due to the slight angle of inclination, it will not be able to come off on its own;
- it will not be possible to make a full-fledged attic space;
- the building will not have a very attractive appearance, but for a garage this is not critical.
Materials for the manufacture of the truss system
If you decide to build a garage with your own hands, then to create its pitched roof, you need to prepare the following materials:
- beams and timber for the truss system;
- unedged boards for lathing;
- waterproofing materials - a special film is used for this;
- insulation - it can be mineral wool or polystyrene;
- roofing materials;
- fasteners: screws, nails, staples.
Roof coverings
For a shed roof there is big choice roofing materials, each of them has its own characteristics:
- corrugated board. Differs in low weight, affordable cost and the possibility of reuse;
Decking is the most popular garage roofing material.
- slate. Its easy to stack, it has long term services. Although the weight of this material is relatively large, and the appearance is not the most modern, over the years it has not lost its popularity;
Modern slate can be not only gray, but also painted in other popular colors.
- ondulin. This is modern alternative slate, which has less weight and an optimal price-quality ratio. In addition, it is much easier to mount;
Ondulin looks like slate, but is made from other materials, has less weight and is much easier to install
- metal tile. It has a beautiful appearance and is great for large roofs with an increased slope of the slope;
Metal tile imitates natural tile, but has less weight and cost
- false roof. For its manufacture, sheet or roll material is used, while the surface is durable and tight. The laying of such a coating is carried out using special equipment, since the fold is done at the construction site, and this is not the cheapest pleasure;
Seam roofing provides high tightness, but its installation requires special equipment and skills
- soft roof. Its cost is low, installation is simple and fast. The most modern coatings have a service life of up to 15–20 years, but it will still be less than that of other roofing materials;
by the most budget option for garage roofs with a slight slope is a soft roll roof
- flexible tiles. It is easy to install, but requires a solid crate, and this is an additional cost. The service life of such a roof will be relatively small - about 10-15 years;
A continuous batten is required for laying flexible shingles, and its creation is associated with additional costs.
- natural tiles. It has a beautiful appearance, but weighs a lot and requires special skills during installation. For a garage, this material is rarely used, usually when the garage is located next to the house and must be made in the same style as it.
For a garage, tiles are usually used only in cases where it is necessary that it be made in the same style with adjacent buildings.
Required Tools
To perform the work, you will need the following tools:
Shed roof device
As already mentioned, a shed roof is quite simple, it includes the following elements:
- truss system. It is the basis of the supporting structure, perceives all loads and serves to fasten other elements of the roofing system;
- racks, braces and other elements necessary to strengthen the truss system. They are usually used when the span exceeds 5–6 meters;
- crate. It serves as a support for the selected roofing material, it can be either solid or sparse;
- hydro and thermal insulation materials. Designed to protect the building from moisture and to keep it warm;
- roofing material. Protects the roof from external negative factors. The options for roofing used in the construction of a garage were discussed above.
Since the truss system is the main supporting frame of a shed roof, let's talk about it in more detail. The main element of this system is the rafter, which can be suspended when it rests on the ends, and layered if it has an intermediate support. Typically, the garage span between the supporting walls on which the roof is installed is about 4–5 meters, so in such cases it is possible to do without strengthening the truss system. At the junction of the rafters and the Mauerlat, a reliable connection is made, which is fixed with nails and anchors.
If the span is more than 6 meters, then it is necessary to strengthen the truss system with additional stiffeners
In addition to the rafter legs, the truss system includes the following elements:
- mauerlat - a beam that is installed on the walls and evenly distributes the load from the roof. In stone or brick garages, it is attached to the wall with anchors. In wooden buildings, the role of the Mauerlat is played by the last crown of the wall trim;
- overhang - the length of the rafter protrusion beyond the perimeter of the garage;
- pediment - part of the wall located between the corner of the roof and the eaves;
- crate - the basis for laying roofing material.
Installation of shed roof elements for a garage
After all have been purchased necessary materials and tools, you can go directly to the installation of the roof.
- Mauerlat laying. The specified element serves to evenly distribute the load from the roof to the walls of the building. This should be a beam with a cross section of at least 10x10 cm. It is mounted on load-bearing walls with anchors in increments of 1–1.5 m, its installation is controlled by a level. Between the wall and the beam must be laid waterproofing material, usually it is ruberoid. The greater the slope of the slope, the thicker the section of the Mauerlat should be.
A waterproofing layer must be laid between the wall and the Mauerlat
- Installation of the truss system. Depending on the type of roofing material and the total external load on the roof, the section of the rafters and the distance between them are selected. Usually they take rafters measuring 100x50 or 150x50 mm, while the timber is installed on the edge. The distance between the rafter legs is usually chosen in the range of 60–100 cm. To fix the rafters in the Mauerlat, a tie-in is made so that the fastening is as reliable as possible. First, the extreme beams are laid at the same angle, then a rope is pulled between them and all the rest are mounted. If necessary, install elements to strengthen the truss system: struts, braces, etc.
When laying the rafters, it is necessary to ensure the same angle of inclination of the roof along the entire length, so they are usually aligned along a stretched rope
- Lathing. For it, unedged boards with a thickness of 20–25 mm are usually used, which are laid across the rafters and fixed with nails. Depending on the roofing material used, the sheathing step is selected, and a solid base is created for laying rolled materials or flexible tiles.
The lathing can be sparse or solid, it depends on the roofing material used.
- Roofing material. The selected type of roofing material is mounted on the crate. Depending on its type, fastening can be performed in different ways. Decking and metal tiles are fixed using roofing screws with seals, slate and ondulin are fastened with special nails, rolled materials are glued using bituminous mastic or due to a self-adhesive layer.
Roofing material can be sheet or roll, the method of its installation depends on it.
- Warming. If necessary, the roof is insulated. First, a waterproofing film is attached to the rafters using a stapler. Then the insulation is laid and fixed, usually mineral wool or polystyrene. After it, a vapor barrier film is stretched and the material for the interior decoration of the ceiling - plywood, chipboard, MDF, etc.
As a heater for a shed roof, mineral wool or polystyrene is most often used.
To reduce the load on the rafter beams and be able to use a beam of a smaller section for them, the distance between the rafters must be made small.
Video: creating a pitched roof
Operation and maintenance of a shed roof for a garage
Since the shed roof has a simple device, its maintenance does not require much effort. The advantages of such structures have long been appreciated in Europe, where they are used not only in outbuildings, but also for residential buildings.
In order for a shed roof to serve reliably and for a long period of time, it must be properly looked after. It's easy, just follow the following rules:
- with a slight slope of the roof during heavy snowfalls, it must be cleared of snow, since it will not be able to go off on its own. This is especially true in the spring when the snow becomes very heavy.;
- it is necessary to monitor the condition of the elements of the truss system and, in case of detection of serious damage, replace them. If this is not done, then after a while it may be necessary to completely replace the failed truss system or roofing material;
- Roofing should be inspected periodically. It is advisable to do this twice a year: in autumn and spring. If damage is detected in it, they must be urgently repaired, otherwise, as a result of leaks, damage will begin to occur. wooden elements structures and insulation.
If you follow the rules described, you will be able to ensure the maximum possible life of the roof.
Shed roof repair
In the garage, they usually make a shed roof with a small angle of inclination, and roll materials are often used to cover it. If the service life of a conventional roofing material does not exceed 5 years, then its modern counterparts can serve up to 15–20 years.
The main enemy of the roofing material is ice that appears in the cold season, the improper removal of which with a steel scraper or shovel leads to damage to the roofing material. In addition, damage can occur from walking on such a roof and from exposure to rain, wind and sun.
Before the onset of cold weather, it is imperative to perform a routine inspection of the coating in order to identify possible defects. Order and list repair work will depend on the degree of damage to the coating.
Fixing cracks and small holes
If the roofing material is covered with cracks, but is not leaking yet, it is enough to clean it of debris with high quality and cover it again with bituminous mastic. Keep in mind that on square meter surface you will need about 1.2-1.5 kg of mastic.
If there is a small hole, the area around it should be well cleaned, and then simply filled with bitumen mixed with sawdust or sand. It is better to use not just bitumen, but a special mastic, since it contains additives that improve the plasticity and adhesion of the material.
To eliminate cracks, the surface of the roofing material is covered with bituminous mastic.
Damage repair
If the damage is significant, then a patch is applied to it. To do this, use a piece of roofing material, which is larger in size than the damaged area. The place is also cleaned, after which the patch is lubricated and pressed to the surface. If there is a topping on the roofing material on both sides, then it will prevent it from sticking, so it must be removed. This is done with the help of solar oil, which is applied to the sprinkled layer, and then removed with a spatula. After installing the patch, it must also be covered with a layer of mastic.
If the damage is small, it can be repaired with a roofing felt patch.
Elimination of through holes
Through holes are eliminated by replacing all layers of the coating up to the base.
Repair of such roofing materials as slate, metal tiles, ondulin and metal profiles is carried out by replacing the damaged sheet with a new one.
Video: roof repair from roofing felt
The shed roof for the garage is easy to install and maintain. It can be used to cover other outbuildings. In order to build it correctly, it is necessary to determine the slope of the slope, depending on the roofing material used and the weather conditions of the region where the work is being carried out. If you follow the recommendations of experts, you can independently make a reliable roof that will last for decades.
One can only envy those car owners who have or got the opportunity to build their own real garage. Knowing the mentality of our men, it can be stated with a high degree of certainty that the vast majority of "lucky ones" will start building a "home" for their car with their own hands. Nowadays, there are many opportunities for choosing materials for building a garage - both from the standpoint of simplicity self erection, and in terms of maximum efficiency.
Any building is always crowned with a roof, and if, again, we focus on minimal costs, then its shed design becomes the best option. In addition, the problems of some special decorative effect, as a rule, recede into the background, giving way to the reliability of the design and the speed of its installation. It is precisely these qualities that the mentioned option possesses. So, a shed roof for: from carrying out the necessary calculations to installation features - in this publication.
What are the advantages of a shed roof, are there any disadvantages?
So, in most cases, a garage is considered precisely as an auxiliary technical room, therefore, in its design and construction, a utilitarian approach usually dominates - simplicity, reliability, and the creation of effective protection for the car from atmospheric precipitation. That is why such popularity in this case have sloping roofs.
- This design is simple for independent calculations. It is based on a triangle - the most "rigid" of all two-dimensional figures, which is described by simple and understandable geometric relationships.
- The cost of materials and components is always significantly lower than for even the simplest gable roof. It is important that saving lumber in this case does not in any way affect the reliability of the structure.
- Installation of a shed roofing system is simple and intuitive. For the independent construction of such a structure, it is not at all necessary to be a qualified craftsman - subject to technological recommendations, any garage owner can handle such a task. This is another "plus" in terms of cost-effectiveness of construction - there is no need to resort to hiring specialists.
- Another advantage is the speed of work. You can cover the garage with a shed roof in a matter of days, while choosing a more complex truss system and time will take much more.
True, the owner of the garage, when choosing a pitched roof, will have to come to terms with some of its shortcomings:
- A shed roof is more susceptible to snow load - due to a slight slope, snowdrifts can form on its surface. This must be taken into account when making calculations.
- Such a design either does not imply an attic at all, or its operational capabilities will be significantly limited.
- There are certain difficulties in ensuring high-quality thermal insulation of such a garage, especially if the project does not involve at least a small attic space.
- Finally, not everyone likes the appearance of a shed roof, which does not involve any decorative frills. However, this is a matter of taste, and if desired, a pitched roof can be entered into the general "architectural ensemble" of one's country estates. For many, this disadvantage is not significant at all.
Shed roof garage options
The shed roof system is a series of stacked parallel to each other, arranged in such a way that one of their ends is raised relative to the other to a certain height, to create a slope. The rafters become the basis for the installation of the necessary lathing, and already she, in turn, for the flooring of the selected roofing.
The excess of one edge of the rafters on the other can be provided in several ways:
- Even in the process of designing a garage, one of the walls is planned to be higher than the opposite, by an amount (the calculation of such an excess will be discussed below). The other two walls in this case are given the shape of a trapezoid.
This approach is often used in frame construction. Even when drawing up the drawings, it is envisaged that the height of the supporting vertical racks of the frame on one side will be higher. Thus, at different heights, in compliance with the required ΔН, there will also be bars of the upper trim, which will play the role of a Mauerlat. As a result, a ready-made shed roof system is immediately laid, on which it remains only to mount the rafters, and then the desired crate.
Which walls will vary in height will, of course, depend on the chosen direction of the slope.
- It can be a cross slope, towards one of the sides of the garage. This method is attractive because the rafters are shorter, and you can often do without the simplest circuit, without creating additional supports for them.
- Another option is when the front wall of the building is higher than the back, and then the slope of the slope is organized back. The length of the built in this case, in relation to the garage, already reaches 5 ÷ 6 and even more meters, and one cannot do without their reinforcement.
- If, according to the project, both walls of the building are of the same height, or a shed roof is being erected on a previously constructed building, then you can organize the slope of the rafters by substituting racks of the same height ΔН under them on one side. Racks on top are usually combined with a strapping beam, which will begin to perform the function
In this case, the front part of the roof structure and the remaining open gable triangles after the installation of the truss system are simply sewn up with wood or other material, at your discretion.
This approach often allows you to achieve savings in the construction of the main walls of the garage - it will take less brick or blocks, and the laying process itself will go faster - there is no need to display additional side trapezoidal walls of the gables.
- If the walls are of the same height, then they resort to another method - they mount roof trusses on the "ground", and then install them with certain steps on the Mauerlat.
Usually in the course of work one such truss is made, carefully tried on and adjusted to the place. Well, then it becomes a template for "cloning" - the rest are made according to its model, in convenient conditions on earth. When all the farms are ready, they proceed to the final installation. The lower corners of the trusses are attached to the Mauerlat, the upper corners are tied together with a beam, creating a single rigid structure.
This approach is especially convenient when a large distance between the walls obliges the builder to strengthen the rafters. And the farm itself is tough constructive element, as it combines both a kind of floor beam and a rafter leg, with reinforcing jumpers installed between them - racks or struts.
Rafter mount
Another obvious convenience - in such a garage it will be much easier to hem the ceiling, if necessary, also insulate it - the horizontal beams of the trusses provide all the possibilities for this.
Another option is when the garage is attached to a finished solid wall of an already previously erected capital building.
In this case, one end of the rafters rests on brackets or a support bar installed on the wall at a certain height, and the other end rests on vertical racks with strapping - in the case of a frame structure, or on the Mauerlat of a wall attached next to it. In any case, this fulcrum is again located with the calculated height difference ΔН.
If necessary, instead of rafters, roof trusses can also be attached to the wall of the house, by analogy with the previously considered case.
The main parameters of the shed roof of the garage, their calculations
So, if a decision is made to build a shed roof over the garage, then it is necessary to determine its main parameters.
From the initial data, as a rule, there are only the dimensions of the "box" of the garage - its length and width. From here we will start to “dance”.
Roof slope direction
First of all, it is necessary to determine in advance the direction of the slope of the slope, guided not only by considerations of convenience and ease of installation of the truss system, but also taking into account the prevailing wind direction at the construction site.
The slope of the roof is recommended to be carried out precisely on the windward side, so that the movement of air does not create a lifting force, but, on the contrary, presses the roof structure down. Although the garage, as a rule, is a low structure, and can be almost completely buried from the effects of wind by other buildings, nevertheless, the predominance of the wind can be caused by the features of the terrain or neighboring buildings - open spaces, forest clearings, etc. And, of course, the specifics of the site can also play a certain role in choosing the direction of the slope - the general “background” of the design of the territory, the location of the elements of the storm sewer system, or other factors.
Determination of slope slope
The next step is to determine the steepness of the slope, that is, the angle α.
For shed roofs, this angle usually does not exceed 25, maximum - 30 °. With too much steepness, the structure itself looks ridiculous, and most importantly, the roof becomes very vulnerable to wind load. Too small slopes, less than 10 °, are also undesirable, since in this case the significance of the snow load on the slope increases sharply, the outflow of water becomes more difficult, especially during thaws or the beginning of massive snowmelt.
The slope angle is seriously affected by and. If the garage owner prefers one or another roofing material in advance, for example, in order to withstand the general design of the territory, then he must be guided by certain rules when calculating the steepness of a pitched roof.
Below is a diagram showing the acceptable types of roof coverings for various roof pitch angles.
Please note that the slope in the diagram is shown in three various options- in degrees and in the ratio of the lift height (ΔH) to the base length (D or L), which, in turn, can be expressed as a fractional ratio or as a percentage. Having such a scheme at hand, it will not be difficult to convert one unit of measure to another.
The circled numbers indicate the types of roofing, and the arrow coming from them indicates the minimum allowable the amount of roof slope at which they can be used.
| Designation on the diagram | Permissible type of roofing |
|---|---|
| ① | Coating of shingles, wood chips, natural shingle. |
| ② | Natural piece tiles, slate and bitumen-polymer tiles. |
| ③ | Flat roof: at least four layers of bitumen-based roll coating, with an external dressing of fine gravel embedded in molten mastic. |
| ④ | The same, but three layers of material are enough with a mandatory sprinkle. |
| ⑤ | The same, but without the obligatory gravel backfill. |
| ⑥ | When using rolled material - two layers applied to the mastic in a "hot" way. It is allowed to use metal tiles or some types of corrugated board. |
| ⑦ | Asbestos-cement slate corrugated sheets of reinforced profile. |
| ⑧ | Clay tiles. |
| ⑨ | Sheets of flat slate reinforced pro |
| ⑩ | Sheet steel roofing, with seam connections of sheets. |
| ⑪ | Slate asbestos-cement wavy regular profile. |
How to give the ramp a given slope angle?
The next question is how to give the slope the desired angle of inclination.
If with a value α and we decided on the direction of the slope of the slope, then, knowing the initial parameter of the length or width of the garage (), it is easy to determine the required height difference ΔN, which has already been mentioned several times.
If the walls have a certain thickness (for example, they are made of blocks or bricks), then the measurement of the linear parameters of the building D and L draw along their outer edges.
To calculate, we use the well-known trigonometric formula:
H = L(D) × tg α
In order not to force the reader to look for tangent values and carry out independent calculations, a calculator is placed below that will allow you to perform the calculation in a matter of seconds. If desired, you can "play" with the values to find the best acceptable option.
Decking
