Insulation of a brick balcony. How to insulate a balcony with your own hands: step by step photos, instructions, choice of materials Mistake prevention

What materials for warming a balcony or loggia will effectively cope with the task? I suggest you consider 5 heat insulators with which I happened to work. I will tell you on what qualities they are selected and why they are considered the best.

Types of thermal insulation materials

Balcony insulation can be performed with the following heat-insulating materials:

Option 1: mineral wool

Mineral wool is a rolled or slab material, which consists of fine mineral fibers. The latter are obtained by melting and spraying rocks or blast-furnace slag.

Characteristics:

To insulate the balcony from the inside in a frame way, you can use glass wool, which is cheaper than basalt wool. In this case, during its installation, it is necessary to carefully protect the respiratory organs, eyes and hands.

Advantages:

1. Versatility. Basalt wool can be used to insulate the balcony inside and out. Moreover, the insulation of surfaces can be carried out both in a frame way and wet:

• Let me remind you that for frame insulation, panel or sheet finishing materials are used - drywall, plastic panels, lining, siding, etc.;
• When finishing with a wet method, the surface of the insulation is plastered;
• Plates of high density grades can even be laid under a screed for floor insulation;

1. Environmental friendliness. Basalt wool does not contain harmful substances, and even during installation, unlike glass wool, it practically does not cause irritation on the skin;
2. Vapor permeability. Insulation allows the walls to "breathe", thanks to which a favorable microclimate is formed in the room;
3. Fire safety. Mineral wool does not burn and can withstand high temperatures.

Disadvantages:

• Absorbs moisture. When performing work on insulation, it is necessary to ensure high-quality vapor and waterproofing;
• Price. The price of basalt wool is higher than some other heaters.

Price:

Expanded polystyrene is a lightweight polymer insulation, one of the most common heat-insulating materials due to its low price.

Option 2: Styrofoam

Expanded polystyrene, or simply polystyrene, is a polymer insulation in the form of plates formed by small granules.

Characteristics:

Advantages:

• Light weight. Styrofoam is the lightest slab insulation;
• Low price. The cost is much lower than the price of basalt wool;
• Versatility. Like basalt wool, it can be used for insulation in any way, both from the inside and outside;
• Moisture resistant. The material absorbs moisture to a lesser extent than mineral wool.

Disadvantages:

• Zero vapor permeability. This disadvantage can lead to an increase in indoor humidity, mold on the walls, etc. High-quality ventilation will help to eliminate it;

• Fire hazard. Styrofoam manufacturers, especially little-known ones, rarely add fire retardants to the foam polystyrene composition. Therefore, it ignites quite easily and burns well;
• Low strength and brittleness. This drawback matters if the insulation boards are plastered after installation. Surfaces insulated in this way are unstable to shock loads;
• Low environmental friendliness. Styrofoam itself does not threaten health in any way, but in the process of burning it releases toxins. Inhalation of these substances leads to severe poisoning.

Price:

Option 3: Extruded Styrofoam

Extruded polystyrene foam, also known as polystyrene foam, is made from the same raw materials as regular foam. However, thanks to a special insulation technology, it has higher characteristics.

Characteristics:

Advantages. From the data in the table it can be seen that the penoplex has a low thermal conductivity and high strength. In addition, it has some other advantages:

• Moisture resistance: Penoplex absolutely does not absorb water, therefore it does not need waterproofing;
• Fire safety. All well-known manufacturers add flame retardants to the composition of this material, which makes the insulation for the balcony low-flammable.

Disadvantages:

• High price. For this reason, it makes sense to use penoplex only in cases where a large load will be placed on it, for example, in the case of wet insulation of walls and ceilings. You can also perform thermal insulation of the floor under the screed;
• Low vapor permeability. The vapor permeability coefficient of foam plastic is slightly higher than that of polystyrene, however, the material is still not "breathable".

Price:

Option 4: polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is another type of polymer insulation. His main feature is that it is applied to the surface in the form of foam.

Characteristics:

Polyurethane foam is also used for insulating balconies in the form of mounting foam. With its help, thermal insulation of various cracks is performed.

Advantages:

• Low thermal conductivity. As can be seen from the table, polyurethane foam has the lowest thermal conductivity. In addition, it is applied to the surface in a continuous layer, due to which it retains heat in the room more efficiently;
• Moisture resistant. Thanks to this quality, it does not require the use of waterproofing;
• Good adhesion. This allows you to apply insulation on any surface.

Disadvantages.

• Requires special equipment. Polyurethane foam cannot be applied by hand. This procedure should be carried out exclusively by highly qualified specialists with special equipment;

• Zero vapor permeability. Like others polymeric heaters, the material does not breathe;
• Increase in thermal conductivity over time. The gas that fills the structure of the polyurethane foam gradually leaves the shell. As a result, its thermal conductivity increases slightly;
• High price. In addition to the cost of the material itself, the cost of insulation work is added to its price;

• The impossibility of plastering. To finish the balcony from the inside or outside, in the case of using polyurethane foam, it is possible only in the frame way;
• Toxic in liquid form. When working with polyurethane, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment, as it is toxic. After hardening, the material is safe for health.

Price. Different manufacturers have different prices for polyurethane foam insulation. On average, the cost, taking into account work, is about 500 rubles. for 1m2

Option 5: penofol

Penofol is a thin roll insulation, which consists of two layers:

• Foamed polyethylene - performs the function of a heat-insulating material;
• Foil - reflects heat from insulated surfaces into the room.

Thus, this material is used only for internal insulation of balconies and loggias.

Characteristics:

Advantages:

• Little weight. The material is easily attached to any structure;

• Moisture resistant. This allows you to use penofol as a waterproofing material if, for example, you insulate a balcony or loggia with mineral wool;
• Small thickness. Due to this, the material does not take up additional space in the room.

Instructions for the use of penofol require its location during installation with the foil side to the room. Otherwise, the material will not reflect heat from the surfaces.

Disadvantages:

• Zero vapor permeability. I have already spoken of the consequences of this deficiency;
• High thermal conductivity. Penofol is a thin material, so it is not enough to fully insulate the room. Therefore, it is usually used as additional thermal insulation.

Price. The price starts from 50-80 rubles per 1m2.

That's all the heaters that I wanted to acquaint you with. Well, to decide how and how best to insulate the balcony, you now have to do it yourself.

Conclusion

Now you know all the basic qualities of the most common thermal insulation materials, and you can do it yourself right choice. I recommend watching the video in this article. If you have any questions, write comments, and I will answer as soon as possible.

Creating a favorable microclimate on the loggia involves not only wall insulation, the entire space must be airtight. The floor and ceiling surfaces are also sheathed with a material with a low degree of thermal conductivity. In our article, you will learn how to properly insulate a balcony from the inside.

• self-insulation (personal experience)
• . The most useful from youtube
• On the example of Moscow

The choice of heat insulator

Advantages and disadvantages are inherent in each type of thermal insulation. In order to choose the most suitable insulation, you should compare the main characteristics of heat insulators.

The most common options for heat insulators:

• Extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex);
• Foamed polyethylene (penofol);
• Polyurethane foam (PPU);
• Styrofoam;
• Mineral wool.

Mineral wool

The thickness of the sheets varies from 2 to 20 cm. Mineral wool is divided into three types, depending on the components of the raw materials:

• Stone;
• slag;
• Glass.

An example of a mineral wool device on a loggia. The material is placed in the prepared structure. The frame for mounting can be made of metal profiles or wooden bars.

Manufacturers produce cotton wool in the form of mats and soft rolls. In some cases, one side is covered with foil. Aluminum foil improves the level of thermal insulation.

When laying mineral wool, the foil side should be directed into the room. This principle allows heat to be reflected off the aluminum cladding and returned to the room.

This method is quite common, despite the existence of cheaper heat insulators. The insulation is resistant to fire, does not contribute to its spread. When mineral wool is heated, no harmful substances are released into the air.

The main disadvantage is that moisture acts destructively, a vapor barrier device is necessary.

Pay attention to the integrity of the mineral wool packaging before buying. Moisture adversely affects the properties of the heat insulator. For high-quality insulation, it is necessary that the space of the loggia be dry.

Polymer-based insulation

Penoplex, polyurethane foam, polystyrene, foamed polyethylene are polymers treated with foamed compounds.

Advantages:

• The presence of gas bubbles provides not only a good level of thermal insulation, but also a small weight of the plates;
• High degree of moisture resistance;
• The materials are durable;
• Antifungal resistance;
• Simplicity and convenience when laying plates or sheets, as well as rolls (polyethylene foam);
• An economical repair option, subject to the choice of foam as a heater.

Main disadvantage: support the spread of flame during a fire, emit harmful substances in the combustion process.

When choosing foam and other materials based on polymers, it is necessary to correctly select the thickness of the plates and determine the density

If you plan to use the space in winter, in this case, choose a thickness of 50 mm. Density is determined by further coating - a value of 25 kg / cu is suitable for putty. m.

1. Styrofoam sheets

Insulator plates (expanded polystyrene) in the process of laying.

Styrofoam refers to budgetary methods of warming a loggia, however, it is considered a rather fragile material, so a crate is required for installation. A worthy replacement is extruded polystyrene foam; its installation does not require the creation of a special frame.

2. Penoplex

Extruded polystyrene foam boards (thickness 50 mm) are used as insulation. The seams between the elements are sealed with mounting foam. Penoplex is attached with the help of special dish-shaped dowels ("fungi").

3. Penofol

The material is used as a separate heat insulator, and with the help of penofol it is possible to provide a vapor barrier of expanded polystyrene. Due to the foil side, warm air is reflected and retained in the room.

In order to speed up the insulation of the structure, you can use alternative method thermal insulation - spraying polyurethane foam (PPU).

4. Polyurethane foam

PPU is one of the most modern heat insulators. The cost of application services is considered high compared to other analogues, however, many have managed to evaluate the performance properties of PPU. This insulation is characterized by high thermal insulation performance, due to the finely porous structure.

Polyurethane foam spraying is carried out by specialists, on installation work one day is enough, it also does not take much time to dry completely.

The main stages of work on the insulation of the loggia space

In order to increase the usable area in your home and operate the premises all year round, you must:

1. Close the gaps, if any. Carefully study the room to eliminate all design flaws. As a rule, the gaps are filled with mounting foam, even if they are of a significant size.

After complete drying, it is necessary to trim the excess.

2. Glazing with reliable double-glazed windows.

3. Arrange a waterproofing layer. To protect against moisture, waterproofing with penetrating properties is used - Penetron, Aquaton, etc. The composition is applied with a roller, brush, or sprayed. Such impregnation penetrates into the thickness, so the walls become maximally resistant to adverse weather, and strength characteristics are improved.

The device of the waterproofing layer allows you to eliminate the most minor surface cracks that may not be visible visually.

4. Thermal insulation layer. To organize a warm structure, we use the selected material (polyurethane foam, foam plastic, polyethylene foam, polystyrene, etc.).

5. Installation of a vapor barrier layer. In order to make a vapor barrier, special polymer membranes (“breathing”) should be used, as well as films “Rockwool”, “Izospan”, penofol.

When using penofol, lay the insulation in such a way that the side covered with foil is directed into the room. Under this condition, the heat will be constantly reflected from the foil, lingering inside the space.

6. Final finishing of walls, floor and ceiling surfaces.

A detailed description of each stage can be found in the article: .

Balcony decoration

Purposes of creation interior decoration:

• External masking of the heat insulator;
• Organization of a favorable internal environment in the room.

To create an interior balcony, you can choose various options finishes. Plaster, plastic panels, MDF, lining, plywood, plasterboard sheets and even a block house are perfect for the finishing layer.

The lining panels are environmentally friendly and reliable. One of the main advantages of the finishing material is rigidity. The lining is fixed on a wooden frame crate.

The walls of the loggia are lined with clapboard, flooring- laminate.

Facing the balcony with a block house.

The plastic panels have grooves for connecting elements. Plastic variant lining has less rigidity and strength than wood.

Installation of GKLV sheets on metal profiles. Plasterboard slabs can be decorated with wallpaper, painted, or lined with decorative plaster.

Wall decoration with wallpaper over GKLV sheets.

Bamboo wallpaper. The basis for finishing - drywall.

Video

1. The result of warming the loggia.

Glazed balcony. Demonstration of electrical outputs. Testing the strength of extruded polystyrene foam. The use of foam plastic with a thickness of 30 and 50 mm, wall finishing with putty. Concrete floor screed over insulation boards.

2. Stages repair work on the balcony.

Sequential process of arranging the premises. Scheme of thermal insulation of walls with foam plastic and foamed polyethylene, finishing - plastic panels. Floor: leveling, thermal insulation, OSB cladding, installation of laminate lamellas.

.

Has the day come when it's time to finally throw away the old ski and take all the cans from your balcony to the garage? Your head is full of ideas, and if not, then the global web will help you. You are ready to realize all the brightest and crazy desires on the vacated piece of living space. There is one small problem left. These are harsh conditions that attack your hard-earned square meters.

Therefore, the primary task that must be solved before letting the fantasy unfold is to keep warm. In order to minimize the cost of repairs, let's figure it out how to insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands.

If a decision is made to attach the area of ​​​​the balcony to the living area of ​​​​the apartment, it is necessary to carry out work on its insulation. So that after the repair there are no unforeseen problems, the work must be carried out in compliance with the established norms, rules and approvals.

Serious reconstruction will require permission from local executive authorities, architecture and the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Ignore this paragraph is not worth it, so as not to be punished for violating the housing code. In addition, reconciliation will help to avoid certain errors when changing structural elements. Experienced specialists will immediately notice inconsistencies in the project. Correcting errors at the design stage will avoid the cost of correcting errors after repair.

The order of work and their volume depend on what tasks the reconstructed balcony will perform:

• It will continue to be a place to relax in the warm season, and insulation is carried out to protect against wind, dust and precipitation. This is a less expensive method and easier to implement.
• It will be attached to the area of ​​the apartment as a full-fledged living space used all year round. Here, the scope of work increases significantly, since it will be necessary to provide for heating, steam and waterproofing, and change the power supply system.

Attention! Balcony with sliding windows it is almost pointless to insulate, since the windows themselves will let the cold through.

How to insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands

First of all, it is necessary to take measurements and determine the quantity of materials, their composition and quality. Manufacturers offer a wide range of materials for insulation, insulation and finishing for every taste and material wealth. Of course, you shouldn't skimp on quality. It is necessary to take care of the environmental friendliness and fire safety of housing.

A balcony is a remote structure located outside the building, its three sides and the ceiling require insulation, even if the neighbors have already completed the work. The sequence of work should be built in such a way as not to miss important nuances, which then have to be corrected:

• Particular attention should be paid to the condition enclosing parapet. Most often, it is a thin plate of metal, profile, or iron rods. This design will have to be replaced with a brick wall or foam blocks. For the construction of the wall, you need to choose light, hollow bricks so as not to create an unnecessary load on the carrier plate.

Balcony railing

• Glazing it is better to entrust professionals. Depending on the chosen interior, the profile can be wooden or PVC with double glazing. The number of flaps is determined in advance to ensure ventilation and ease of maintenance. When installing windows, expansion profiles are installed that will facilitate the fastening of insulation boards.

glazed balcony

• Sealing cracks, joints, holes, chips and cracks mounting foam, polyurethane sealants or mastic. They protect against the penetration of moisture, dust, the negative effects of the environment.

Sealing gaps on the balcony

• let down energy supply so that access to food is as practical as possible. Electrical work and heat supply should be carried out by specialists with special permits for such work.

Conducting electricity on the balcony

• Warming carried out in the following sequence: walls, and ceiling.

How to insulate the walls on the balcony

To choose the right insulation, you need to know its technical characteristics, pros and cons.

The main parameters that determine the quality of the material is its thermal conductivity, ecological and Fire safety. It is very important that the insulation is light and takes up less space.

• . Multi-layer, consisting of foil and polyethylene foam, a reflective material a few millimeters thick. At the same time, it reflects at least 90% of heat, durable, lightweight, inexpensive. During installation, it easily takes the shape of the surface and is attached.

Insulation of the balcony with penofol

• polyurethane foam. Provides fire and environmental safety. It is applied to the surface by pouring or spraying, closes all the cracks, provides waterproofing, does not require a frame and fastening.

Balcony insulation with polyurethane foam

• Penoplex. These are expanded polystyrene boards. The material practically does not absorb moisture, but is voluminous and poorly accepts the parameters of the surface to which it is attached.

Insulation of the balcony with foam

• Styrofoam. It has excellent sound, steam and heat insulation properties. Due to its cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness, it is well suited for warming a balcony.

Balcony insulation with polystyrene foam

• Styrodur. A kind of polystyrene foam, extruded, green color, with good performance.

Balcony insulation with styrodur

• Izover (mineral wool). Widespread insulation made on the basis of fiberglass. This is mineral wool, which will retain heat, provide sound insulation, and will not weigh down the structure. Has an affordable price. Used with additional hydro and vapor barrier.

Balcony insulation with isover (mineral wool)

It is not advisable to use fiberglass, as it is flammable and releases toxic substances.

Given the temperature difference between the outdoor air and the room, it is necessary to provide a kind of hydro-barrier that will not allow warm air to create condensate when it comes into contact with a cold fence. The presence of condensate will lead, in the future, to the formation and decay.

The insulation is attached, depending on the type, with glue, special dowels with a wide cap, spacer nails or spraying.

Using mineral wool the surface is pre-primed. After drying, mineral plates smeared with adhesive are applied to the wall. Installation starts from the bottom and is carried out according to the type brickwork. Allow the glue to dry completely within a day. It is possible to carry out strengthening in several places with the help of dowels.

Often, a wooden frame is used to lay the slabs, the design of which retains heat worse than insulation. Therefore, it is better to fasten the material end-to-end and seal them with aluminum tape or mounting foam.

It is better to fasten layers of mineral wool end-to-end

The next layer is a vapor barrier. It could be foil polyethylene. It is laid with foil inside the building so that it reflects the heat coming from the house. Insulating materials for other heaters may not be used, depending on the purpose of the room.

How to insulate the floor on the balcony

About a quarter of the heat loss on the balcony occurs through the floor, so work needs to be done to prevent these losses. This is not the most difficult operation and it is quite possible to do it yourself. When choosing a material, it should be taken into account that the level of the floor on the balcony after installation must be at or below the level of the floor in the adjoining room.

There are several simple and affordable ways:

• with a frame device;
• monolithic;
• electric underfloor heating.

Professional skills may require only one - the installation of a warm floor.

Underfloor heating on the balcony

The main point in the choice of method and material is the condition of the carrier plate. In houses of old construction, structures may have wear and tear and are not always ready to withstand heavy loads. Therefore, it is important to coordinate with the specialists of the department of architecture, what weight of materials can be used in the repair. This is especially important when installing monolithic concrete floors.

The frame floor, in turn, can be arranged using:

• mineral wool;
• expanded clay;
• pepoplast;
• foam or expanded polystyrene.

Floor insulation technology consists of several stages.

1. Leveling the surface of the plate is carried out if necessary.
2. Waterproofing with a polyethylene film or roofing material (for damp rooms).
3. The device of a wooden crate. A bar with a height close to the thickness of the insulation is used. It is laid along the length of the balcony at a distance of 50 cm from each other or another convenient distance, depending on the size of the insulation sheets. Leave indents from the walls of 5-7 cm, and the ends - 5 cm, so that when high humidity wood is not deformed. They are fixed to the floor with anchors or self-tapping screws with a depth of at least 4 mm. This will provide a stable hold. If it is necessary to install transverse beams, it is necessary to make cuts up to half the thickness at the joints and make recesses with the help of which the transverse logs are connected to the longitudinal ones. Control the level, do not allow the bars to sag. If necessary, wooden wedges or dies are placed, which are fixed to the floor with mounting foam. It is important to prevent foam from entering the junction of the wedge and the timber.
4. Filling the crate is made with the selected insulation.

Cheap and efficient material mineral wool. Available in rolls and slabs, light in weight, easy to install. The size of the canvas is chosen in such a way as not to crumple it and not to bend it. This degrades the protective qualities due to the reduction in the amount of air between the fibers. The main disadvantage of mineral wool is its low moisture resistance, so it is necessary to use a vapor barrier as the next layer.

Popular, inexpensive Styrofoam due to the ease and ease of installation, it is most often used as a heater. It is very hygroscopic and resistant to any environment. Among the disadvantages are deformation under loads and poor sound insulation.

Balcony floor insulation with polystyrene foam

Penoplex it is resistant to mold development, mechanical stress, temperature changes and excellent thermal insulation performance. As disadvantages, you can cancel its combustibility with the release of harmful substances and the thickness of the material.

Insulation of the floor and walls of the balcony with foam

High fire resistance, durability expanded clay. But it is not very good for warming a balcony, since a thick layer is required for normal thermal insulation.

Insulation of the balcony floor with expanded clay

• The gaps remaining after filling with a heater are foamed.
• On top of the insulation or vapor barrier (if applicable), as a rough flooring, after which the selected floor material will follow, chipboard or moisture-resistant plywood is attached.

Cement screed is used only with a fairly solid balcony structure. In order not to exceed the permissible load, a reinforced screed up to 50 mm thick is used.

The following methods will require special professional skills.

Implemented as insulation electrical heating systems using a special infrared film, cable, tapes. They are laid on a thin layer of insulation and mounted in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

For water floors requires a device in a special way of the water circuit.

Scheme of the device of the water floor

How to insulate the ceiling on the balcony

Before starting work, you should carefully inspect the ceiling for signs of leakage, since even a small amount of moisture falling on top of the insulation can lead to the development of mold.

Given the difficulty of working on the ceiling, it is necessary to protect the eyes and use goggles.

As a material for work, already familiar foam plastic, mineral wool, polystyrene, (foil polyethylene foam) are used.

Penoplex with a density of 35-45kg / cm² allows the use of panels from 20mm, which will provide normal thermal protection. The only drawback is the high cost.

Insulation of the ceiling of the balcony with foam

Thickness polystyrene can be within 50mm, and the density is 15kg / cm², then MDF, PVC or drywall panels are mounted on top. At a density of 25 kg / cm², putty can be applied.

Insulation of the ceiling of the balcony with foam

For ease of installation, marking is carried out taking into account that the plates or sheets of insulation fit well into the prepared crate, determine the level of fastening. It is better to calculate everything in advance at the bottom, then the work at the top will take less time. The thickness of the layers of insulation and finishing should be such as not to interfere with the opening of windows.

Use a different sequence of work:

• Lathing device → installation of insulation → lining.
• Insulation fastening over the entire area → vapor barrier → installation of a wooden crate or frame made of a metal profile → cladding.

If the balcony is located Upstairs buildings, it is important to prevent moisture from the roof from entering the insulation; for this, an additional layer of insulation with polyethylene or foil polyethylene foam is provided under the roof.

The first layer for waterproofing can be a special composition based on bituminous mastic applied to a concrete slab with a brush. The next step is to install a sheet waterproofing.

How to insulate a balcony with foam

Penoplex is a cluster of expanded polystyrene balls with air gaps. Practically does not absorb moisture, has a long service life, low thermal conductivity. Plates are produced with a thickness of 2-10 cm.

Foam boards

The lightness of the material does not create an additional load on the carrier plate. It is resistant to deformation, does not emit harmful substances. To increase fire safety, a variety marked C is chosen. Since the walls of the balcony are thin, thick insulation boards are used, which will reduce the useful area of ​​​​the room.

Under the influence of sunlight, penoplex loses its properties, therefore it is used only as an internal insulation.

The material is easily cut, does not crumble, does not create problems during installation. Used to insulate walls, floors and ceilings. The following fastening types are used:

• Dish-type dowels with plastic cores. This mount is suitable for uneven surfaces, roofs made of metal profiles.
• With a special adhesive applied to a pre-primed surface, it is enough to apply the adhesive in dots or in a zigzag. Adheres well to smooth concrete substrates.
• Glue, with additional fixation, dowels.

Methods for applying glue to foam

Penoplex plates are laid in prepared crate cages or without it, on the entire surface. The use of lathing, especially on the front part, worsens thermal protection.

The fitting of the plates is carried out tightly, the joints are sealed with construction tape or filled with mounting foam. The insulation is covered with a layer of polyethylene with a foil layer. Depending on the purpose of the room, vapor barrier may or may not be used.

Foam insulation is suitable for all types of interior decoration: special plaster, plasterboard, wood and finishing boards.

How to insulate a balcony with foam

One of the most common ways to insulate a balcony (walls, floor, ceiling) is foam. This material at a relatively low cost is capable, with correct installation to provide excellent thermal insulation performance. Of the other positive qualities, it is worth noting the resistance to adverse weather conditions. It does not absorb moisture, does not collapse under its influence, is resistant to the formation of rot and mold.

Polyfoam does not emit harmful substances, goes well with other materials.

To insulate the balcony, foam plastic is used both outside and inside. Outdoor work for a multi-storey building is best entrusted to specialized organizations for the purpose of safety.

For internal insulation, a foam plastic thickness of 4-6 cm is sufficient. If the front part is thinner than the side panels, a thickness of up to 10 cm can be applied.

Warming is carried out in two ways:

• Adhesive. On flat surfaces that do not require waterproofing, foam boards can be glued with special glue (Ceresit ST-85). This method is good for arranging the floor for a subsequent screed or walls for plaster. In this case, when the foam sticks, the glue is applied to its outer surface with a thickness of 2-3 mm. Without waiting for complete drying, they apply a reinforcing mesh, but do not flood it and cover it with another layer of glue.

Adhesive foam insulation

• frame. Since the use of other finishing materials requires additional fastening, they arrange a wooden crate or a frame made of a metal profile. This method is convenient for creating a multilayer cake that provides waterproofing from the outside, and vapor barrier from the inside. Layers can fill the cells of the frame or be located under the bars and on top. The foam itself is cut to the size of the cells so as to fill them as tightly as possible. It is fastened with dowels or self-tapping screws with wide mushroom caps.

Frame method of foam insulation

cracks , emptiness , irregularities are filled with scraps, mounting foam or sealant. After drying, you can attach a layer of vapor barrier over the insulation and the cake is ready for plasterboard, plastic panels or other finishing.

How to insulate a plastic balcony

Plastic balconies or decorated with plastic panels, resistant to the effects of the external environment, sunlight, temperature changes. Guaranteed service life of high-quality panels is at least 50 years. They are easy to install, affordable price, are simply serviced and look aesthetically pleasing. Due to the positive characteristics, plastic balconies have gained popularity.

Plastic panels improve the aesthetic appearance, provide sufficient thermal protection to balconies with improved glazing.

Balcony with plastic panels

Sheathing the balcony with plastic is carried out on a mounted wooden frame or metal profile, which reacts poorly to temperature changes and changes in humidity. The device of the frame creates a free space between the walls and finishing panels. It is foolish not to take advantage of this moment and add one of the common heaters to this space. If, at the same time, the seams and joints of the balcony structure are sealed, then even one layer polystyrene, penoplex or mineral wool, filling the cells of the crate, will significantly change the microclimate. And the use of an additional layer of vapor barrier will make it possible to use plastic balcony during all year round as a complete living space.

How to insulate a wooden balcony

Lovers of wood in the interior, support the style on the balcony. The main advantages of wooden structures are their environmental friendliness, favorable microclimate created by breathable material. The texture of wood, supported by modern finishing materials, creates a cozy atmosphere and an attractive look. However, without additional insulation, a wooden balcony can only be fully used in the warm season. In addition, under the influence of the external environment, the tree quickly ages, absorbs moisture, cracks, and rots. Requires fixed costs to maintain open wooden balconies in an attractive way.

wooden balcony

Insulation with installation will help improve consumer qualities glazing and a set of works on waterproofing.

The interior is well supported by frames made of wood of the appropriate species with double glazing, which will allow the balcony to be used as a living space. After their installation, work is carried out to seal cracks, cracks and junctions using mounting foam. The insulation technology is similar to works for structures made of other materials, however, wood requires mandatory hydro and vapor barrier.

Work order:

• Wooden structures of the balcony are treated with means to protect against decay, insects and increase fire resistance. This also applies to the bars for the crate.
• The concrete base is primed.
• Waterproofing is laid on the prepared surfaces. For the floor, roofing material or mastic is used, for walls and ceilings - polyethylene or foil.
• A wooden frame is prepared from bars, which provide the possibility of laying a heater of a selected thickness.
• Insulation (mineral wool, polystyrene or foam plastic) is tightly laid in the cells of the crate. The remaining voids are filled with foam.
• On top of the insulation, a layer of vapor barrier made of foil polyethylene foam, penofol is attached.
• Finishing wood paneling, clapboard. It must be ensured that the weight of the finishing material does not overload the carrier plate of the balcony. Part of the wooden materials can be replaced with lighter ones, without sacrificing functionality and attractiveness.

To make the insulation of the balcony with your own hands a pleasure and provide an excellent result, think over the goals and tasks in advance, carry out the necessary approvals and measurements. Choose materials according to technical specifications and your financial resources. Carry out work in the complex, not missing the little things. And success is guaranteed.

You can also watch a few videos that will help you insulate the balcony with your own hands.

Video

Insulation of balconies and loggias with mineral wool

The technology of insulation of the balcony with foam

Warming and joining a balcony

How to insulate a balcony? The choice of insulation

How to insulate a balcony? Step-by-step instruction

How to insulate a balcony with your own hands: what and how to insulate + video

Despite their small size, the comprehensive modernization of these parts of residential facilities is a difficult task. To figure out how to do it yourself step by step photo need to be supplemented detailed descriptions work operations. Useful information about modern materials, . It is necessary to find out how the new premises will be equipped. Finding the right answers to these and other practical questions will be easier after reading this article.

Read in the article

Do-it-yourself balcony insulation: step-by-step instructions for preparatory work

Open balconies in domestic climatic conditions can be fully exploited for no more than a few months a year. They are blown by cold winds, filled with rain and covered with snow. After the implementation of the project for necessary protection will be created. Even when choosing the most economical option, the insulating characteristics of the property will improve, and the cost of heating will decrease. After a deep modernization, you can actually increase the living space at a relatively low cost.

Mistake prevention

Some important details should be noted at the beginning to exclude incorrect solutions:

• Excessive "frugality" can subsequently be transformed into additional costs. If you install cheap frames without, use insufficiently high-quality and finishing materials, the desired result will not be obtained. Subsequent alterations are additional costs.
• The wrong choice of technology is also accompanied by troubles. It is necessary to carefully study the nuances of the techniques in order to make sure that they are realistic to reproduce on their own. To perform the most complex work processes, you can invite specialized specialists.
• Standard ones cannot be installed on the balcony. Some municipal authorities prohibit changing the color of exterior surfaces, installing frames, and other changes that are visible from the outside.

Image	Name	Advantages	disadvantages
	Expanded clay	Low cost; good filling with granules of complex volumes; maintaining integrity during long term services; incombustibility.	High moisture permeability, which is accompanied by loss of insulating properties.
	Mineral wool	Durability of state-of-the-art products; high temperature resistance; high quality butt joints.	Low strength; deterioration of the structure and an increase in thermal conductivity when water enters. These materials must be additionally protected from mechanical damage and increased.
	Styrofoam	Reasonable prices; ease of processing; smooth outer surface; light weight.	Low strength, flammability. To improve resistance to an open flame, special additives are used, but the corresponding materials are more expensive.
	Expanded polystyrene boards	High strength products with a sufficiently high density; ease of installation; resistance to moisture; durability.	Relatively expensive factory-made materials from well-known manufacturers. The difficulty of filling the internal volumes without the formation of empty spaces.
	Polystyrene formed at a construction site from several liquid components	It has all the advantages of plates, but in addition - it fills all the cavities of any shape.	The total cost is higher, since you have to use special equipment.
	Foamed polyethylene with a layer of metal foil (penofol)	Small thickness; long-term preservation of good consumer characteristics; moisture resistance.	High price.

Note! The insulation system will be effective if you install insulation materials on outer wall, floor ceiling.

How to insulate a balcony with your own hands: step by step photo, window installation

Picture	Description of actions

Today's post will benefit people who are going to insulate the balcony from the inside.

My relatives decided to increase the area of ​​​​the living room due to the adjoining balcony. So, as the apartment has two balconies, so such a decision has long been suggested.

There was no project, I had to figure out all aspects of the work myself. And now I am publishing comprehensive instructions for warming the balcony. The information provided in the article will serve you well when you decide to do the same.

How to quickly and correctly insulate a balcony?

How to insulate a balcony?

The vast majority of owners of apartments with balconies sooner or later think about how to use this area more functionally by insulating it.

Typically, such premises are used for one of the following purposes:

• in the first case, many years of rubbish accumulates on them, everything unnecessary is thrown off. An outward-facing pantry is formed. It was this role that was assigned to balconies and loggias in most Soviet apartments;
• the second case is when the owners of the apartment try to expand the often too cramped living space at the expense of the balcony, turning it into a room, an office, a winter garden.

But for the second solution, you need reliable insulation. According to experts, in apartments located in old houses, significant heat losses occur through balconies if they are not insulated.

Therefore, you don’t even need to ask yourself the question: “Should the balcony be insulated?”. Of course, this is necessary, even if a full-fledged heated room is not supposed to be arranged from it.

So how to insulate the balcony with your own hands and what nuances should be taken into account (floor insulation, room insulation from the inside, etc.)?

The first steps

First of all, you need to complete the glazing of the balcony or loggia, otherwise the meaning of warming is simply lost. With glazing, even a balcony open on all sides becomes more like a loggia.

AT recent times people are increasingly using wooden frames, but metal-plastic structures are also very popular. Wood glazing can be no worse than using PVC structures if the material is processed necessary materials- antiseptic compositions, paint in several layers, etc.

Deviating from the topic: we hope that no one needs to talk about the differences between a loggia and a balcony.

But just in case, we briefly note: the balcony is a platform protruding beyond the facade, fenced around the entire perimeter; the loggia does not protrude beyond the plane of the facade, it is built into the wall and is surrounded by walls on the sides.

The insulation technology is almost the same in both cases.

Of course, the owner of the balcony would like to quickly complete all the work and move on to other urgent tasks. So the work gets done quickly. The cracks are patched carelessly. And immediately installed heating devices (heating radiator or underfloor heating system). After that, the owner believes that he can relax, he is reliably protected from the cold.

But in winter, all the shortcomings and haste will certainly translate into very unpleasant discoveries. Even on an insulated balcony, it turns out to be a difficult task to maintain a comfortable temperature. The reason for this is that hastily performed insulation does not provide a sufficient reduction in heat loss.

When deciding to heat a balcony, you need to consider what to use for this central system not allowed by building codes. Therefore, it is necessary to qualitatively insulate all surfaces - walls, floor, side and front side.

An example of warming a loggia with accession to a room, see the video:

You will have to solve a number of problems:

• seal cracks and seams with mounting foam and special sealants. If this is not done or done carelessly, there is simply no point in insulating the balcony further;
• install waterproofing, which will avoid the formation of mold, the development of pathogens that prefer to appear and grow in wet places. Waterproofing will be the first layer of the whole “pie” that we use to securely protect the balcony. Among other things, the waterproofing layer will allow you to move the freezing point to the outside;
• installation of thermal insulation. In this case, it is necessary to install a heat-insulating layer, as in the previous case, on all concrete elements. This will eliminate the risk of cold bridges and allow you to maintain optimum temperature in room;
• followed by another waterproofing layer, with the help of which an additional heat-insulating layer is also provided;
• cladding frame installation;
• decoration of a balcony or loggia from the outside.

How to insulate a loggia?

We have already found out that any insulation of a loggia or balcony begins with proper glazing. Also, work is needed on the surfaces of the floor, walls, etc.

Now you need to choose materials for insulation.

There are a huge number of materials on the market to achieve this goal, and it is time for an inexperienced person to get confused in such a variety. But some materials are preferable to analogues, so we will consider their properties in more detail.

The final result depends very much on how correctly the choice of raw materials for the hydro and thermal insulation of the balcony was made.

We will start from two factors. The first is the effectiveness of a particular material at a certain thickness. The second is the economic feasibility of acquiring just such material.

Note that, despite the similar parameters of loggias and balconies, in the first case, it is easier to perform reliable insulation than to create conditions close to living conditions on the balcony. This is not surprising, because in the case of a balcony, a large area will have to be glazed, and heat loss through the windows is the most significant.

First, consider materials for sealing gaps and seams on all structures and surfaces (frame, parapet, ceilings, etc.).

Gap filling materials

In principle, you can choose almost any composition intended for sealing.

Usually they rely on sealants, foams and mastics from polyurethane, basing the choice on the fluidity of materials until the moment of curing.

You can choose other similar materials. To prevent the sealant from leaking out during use, large gaps are sealed with foam or other improvised materials.

Balcony / loggia waterproofing

In the process of waterproofing a balcony, it is necessary not only to process the internal surfaces. It is also required to mount a drain, due to which the access of water under the frame is excluded, process the frame itself (if it is wooden structure). All kinds of hydrophobic compounds are used for the frame - varnishes, oil paints, enamels, antiseptics, etc.

In other details, the balcony and loggia are insulated from the inside using a single technology.

For waterproofing concrete floors and parapets, both penofol and more traditional roofing material can be used. You can resort to the use of penetrating and coating compositions.

Flooring materials (roofing material) must be overlapped, providing high-quality sealing of seams, for which we can recommend the use of a burner. The torch will provide reliable gluing of roofing material to a surface of overlapping.

Begins to gain popularity and other material. This foil isol, which has a thickness of only 4 mm. It is a good sealant and also provides additional thermal insulation.

The choice of materials is carried out taking into account the characteristics of the work and the budget. Most often, roofing material is used for self-insulation. It has been tested by generations and is very affordable.

So how to insulate a balcony or loggia?

Now we turn to the choice of the insulation itself. In this case, it is necessary to build on the most important characteristic of such a material - this is the coefficient of thermal conductivity (delta). For thermal insulation compounds, this indicator usually ranges from 0.02 W / mS, the average value is 0.03-0.04 W / mS. The higher the value, the lower the insulating properties.

That is, you can go in two directions:

• the choice of insulation with a minimum value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity;
• increase the thickness of the thermal insulation layer.

In the first case, you will have to spend more on the material. With an increase in the thermal insulation layer, the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room will decrease.

T how to insulate a balcony, what materials are optimal for this?

Today, extruded polystyrene foam used for thermal insulation has become very common.

This material has excellent performance characteristics. Among the popular materials of this type are Penoplex, Technoplex.

You can resort to another method. Buy mineral wool, remembering that when using it, the layer of insulation will be thicker to provide the same result as when using polystyrene foam. And to do everything quickly and inexpensively, you can also use ordinary foam sheets - this material is also often used for self-insulation of a loggia or balcony.

As an example, let's talk about extruded polystyrene foam. URSA XPS. This is a practical, high-quality insulation, very beneficial for warming the loggia. URSA XPS combines high thermal insulation performance and reduced heat loss.

URSA XPS can be used to finish floor and wall surfaces.

Another characteristic of URSA XPS is its small thickness, only 5 cm.. So, if you are still wondering what material to choose for the internal insulation of a balcony, pay attention to URSA XPS. It might just be the solution you've been looking for. It is convenient to transport it, the material does not crumble, and you can cut it with a regular knife.

For the convenience of considering and comparing different solutions, we will compile a list with a description of thermal insulation materials that can be used for our purposes.

About the nuances of warming the balcony and loggia in the video:

So, how can you insulate a balcony or loggia?

The modern building materials market provides us with a lot of options:

• mineral wool materials(basalt fiber). The fibrous structure provides high efficiency such a decision. The advantages of mineral wool: stability of shape and volume during operation, bio- and fire resistance, resistance to destruction under the influence of an aggressive environment, good sound and heat insulation characteristics;
• materials based on PPS(polystyrene foam). Most high performance on the extruded material. Expanded polystyrene is very light, while it has a minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity. Other advantages of PPS: ease of installation, cost-effectiveness. Of the shortcomings - in the process of heating in environment harmful substances may be released;
• materials based on fiberglass. This very common option is rightfully considered traditional. Fiberglass is quite a budget solution, but its disadvantage is the high value of the thermal conductivity coefficient (as it was found higher, the higher this indicator, the worse) compared to other heaters. Materials are produced in mats and slabs, which can be conveniently used in the internal insulation of a balcony;
• reflective heat insulators. This is an innovative solution for the insulation of various structures. Reflective thermal insulation works on the principle of a thermos. The impermeable foil sheath in them is laid on foam polyethylene. Such heaters are distinguished by a minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity and a sufficiently thin layer of such material for reliable insulation. Due to this, the space occupied by thermal insulation is significantly reduced.

How to fix materials

When using flooring waterproofing materials they are glued to special compounds or (like roofing felt) they are fastened with heating of the connected parts with a burner from the fastening side.

The choice of method for fixing thermal insulation depends on the material used.

Styrofoam or polystyrene boards can be glued or mounted on plastic dowels. If glue is used, it is very important to choose the right composition, excluding toluene, which is contraindicated for use with such heaters.

Glue is applied to the mounting pad, a thin layer over the entire area. For application it is convenient to use a notched trowel. Additionally, it is possible to apply glue dropwise on the heat-insulating boards in several places.

When using dowels, they are installed along the perimeter of the slab at the rate of 8-10 points per square meter. For perfectionists, we can recommend using both fasteners at the same time: additionally fasten the initially glued plates to plastic dowels.

To seal the seams between the insulation boards, a mounting foam that does not contain toluene is used. The seams between the elements of the waterproofing layer are closed with a special self-adhesive sealant.

Mineral wool in most cases is attached only to dowels. Vapor barrier (inner layer of waterproofing) is installed together with heaters on dowels or glued directly onto thermal insulation materials.

Finishing

After installing the heat and waterproofing layers, proceed to exterior finish. To do this, it is necessary to install frames from the profile used for the installation of drywall sheets. Also, the frame can be mounted from wooden bars.

The same actions are performed when finishing walls, ceilings, parapets. But in this case, thinner materials are also suitable for the frame. 25-30 mm boards or drywall profile can be used.

After installing the frame, it must be sheathed with plasterboard sheets or clapboard.

When using the lining, the balcony appearance and comfort resembles a veranda country house, GKL allow you to embody any creative ideas on such a surface. Self-plating a loggia or balcony with drywall allows you to then glue wallpaper on it, paint, draw, etc.

Another, quite convenient and affordable option for interior decoration of the balcony is plastic panels. Manufacturers offer the widest range of such products, with different color solutions and material texture. You can embody any design, depending on your taste and the style of the interior of the next room.

Action algorithm

Step-by-step warming of a balcony or loggia is carried out as follows:

• glazing is in progress, without which any insulation loses all meaning;
• floor insulation. At this stage, holes and slots are blown out with mounting foam, after which waterproofing is applied to the surface of the lower part of the wall and slab;
• floor leveling. To do this, you can use self-leveling building mixtures;
• laying URSA XPS boards. To seal the joints formed between the insulation plates and the walls, vapor barrier tape is used. If the joints are not sealed, during the operation of the room, moisture will collect on the walls, and this is a direct path to the development of mold and fungus;
• laying polymer concrete with a layer thickness of approx. 4 cm on which you want to install a wire reinforcing mesh;
• wall and ceiling insulation. These procedures are easier to perform than floor insulation. It is enough just to lay the URSA XPS boards and cover them with sheets of moisture-resistant drywall. It is allowed to use suspended ceilings, in which wiring can be reliably hidden from the eyes. This ensures the lighting of the balcony;
• vapor barrier- a moment that should not be forgotten. To implement it, you can install a special vapor barrier in front of the heater. Another option - the vapor barrier is not used, but the insulation is installed with a thickness at which moisture is not formed.

Having decided to insulate the balcony with your own hands and perform all the above types of work, you will not only make the room warm and minimize heat loss from the apartment, but also protect your home from outside noise.

Pay attention to the soundproofing characteristics of your chosen double-glazed window.

An example of complex insulation of a balcony, see the video:

Foam insulation

So, you have already decided all the questions regarding the glazing of your balcony or loggia. Now it remains to insulate all surfaces (ceiling, floor, walls) with foam. It is advisable to use EPS.

Why is this option so popular?

It is EPPS that is the optimal solution to the problem of insulating a balcony with your own hands at an affordable price. Let's get started!

Note that the following instructions are recommended for internal insulation of the balcony. External thermal insulation it is undesirable to do it yourself. For obvious reasons, such work should be entrusted to industrial climbers with the necessary experience and equipment.

First of all, you need to prepare the work surfaces. Joints, cracks, holes are blown with mounting foam. It is important to choose a material that does not contain toluene. Irregularities are smoothed out cement mortar. After that, a 50-60 mm foam sheet is attached to the surface with dowels.

To seal the joints formed between the plates, mounting foam is used.

This is how the walls and ceiling of the loggia or balcony are insulated with their own hands using foam. Next, you need to install the finish or leave the surface for wallpapering, painting, etc.

It is very important to use paint without an organic solvent on the balcony - such substances can destroy the PPS.

Work on the floor is carried out in exactly the same way, with the exception of one moment. You need to apply a screed to the foam and then, if desired, equip the underfloor heating system and finish the surface to your liking.

A few words about the warm field on the balcony (loggia)

Now let's talk about the underfloor heating system on the balcony. Whatever quality materials you use to insulate such premises, the maximum comfortable conditions even in the coldest season can only be created with the use of a heating system.

Compared to any other solutions, electric underfloor heating is the most cost-effective solution for this. The following is a brief description of the technology for making such a floor with your own hands.

So, on the floor slab of a balcony or loggia, we only have a screed, and now we need to warm this surface well. For thermal insulation, we recommend choosing a convenient and reliable extruded polystyrene foam, the properties of which have already been described above.

The thickness of the XPS board must be at least 10 cm. The plates are glued to the floor surface with glue, the joints between the individual elements are sealed with mounting foam. Now is the time to start laying the electrical cable for the underfloor heating system. The cable is bent by hand in a shape that will cover the maximum area.

After laying the cable, a 4-5 cm screed is installed. The solution for it is prepared from cement grade m-400 and sand in a ratio of 1: 3. Tiles are laid on the screed - that's all, our “pie” is finished and a warm floor is installed on the balcony!

Finally

You can take a fresh look at your usual balcony or loggia! To implement all of the above, it will take much less effort than you might think. But the results will definitely please you: the apartment will be supplemented with a full-fledged, even habitable room, where you can comfortably sit down with a cup of coffee even in the most severe cold.

Balcony insulation step by step

Decided to insulate the loggia and do not know where to start? How to choose best materials how to do it right necessary work? Our experts provide answers to these and other questions.

How to make a balcony warm?

First of all, you need to take care of reliable glazing of a balcony or loggia with metal-plastic profiles with double-glazed windows. Thickness of double-glazed windows - from 32 mm.

When ordering glazing from a specialized company, consider the need to install additional expansion profiles that are installed on the main structure from above and on the sides. These elements are necessary for further work on the insulation and finishing of the balcony.

After glazing, the loggia will already acquire a more presentable appearance, it will become more comfortable. But she is still far from a warm room. In cold weather, the temperature in such a room is usually a couple of degrees higher than the outside, which is not at all enough.

If you want to turn the loggia into a real living room with a comfortable microclimate, you will need to carry out a series of works on its insulation. Among these works - insulation of walls, floors, ceilings and parapets.

Preliminary work

In addition to glazing, you need to complete a series preparatory work before the direct insulation of the balcony.

Such works include the laying of a parapet, if necessary (if the existing parapet does not coincide with the upper floors in the vertical level, or if it is a metal “leaky” structure). The side walls are built from lightweight bricks or foam blocks. If it is required to perform these works, they are carried out even before the installation of double-glazed windows.

What materials are preferred?

For high-quality thermal insulation of the balcony, it is recommended to use modern heaters- rolled or extruded.

Such materials include PPE, Penoplex, Penofol, Izolon etc. All of them are distinguished by excellent heat-saving characteristics with a small thickness.

This combination of characteristics makes such solutions indispensable for warming small areas, where every centimeter of space is very important.

So what is better - polystyrene or Penoplex?

As a heater for a loggia, one and the other material can be used. The difference between them lies in the installation technology and properties. Styrofoam has a high vapor permeability, which is not the best quality for our tasks.

The thickness of the layer is also different, Penoplex in this parameter is also a more profitable material, since it saves more space.

Compared to foam plastic, foam plastic retains useful heat-saving characteristics twice as long.

We must not forget about fire safety. Styrofoam is a combustible material, and in the process of burning it also releases substances hazardous to health. Penoplex is a self-extinguishing material.

Only one point in which Penoplex loses in this comparison is the higher price compared to foam.

How to finish the walls insulated with Penoplex?

Finishing on penoplex can be done with VGKL, GKL, Knauf aquapanels. And all these materials on top can be finished at your own discretion - wallpapering, painting, puttying, etc.

How to ensure not only reliable insulation, but also soundproofing of the balcony?

For high-quality sound insulation, you can use a special material brand ISOVER

For high-quality sound insulation, you can use a special material brand ISOVER. This material has both heat and sound insulating properties. If thermal insulation is more important than noise protection, it is recommended to choose ISOVER Extra material. If it is more important to provide acoustic comfort in the room, it is better to choose "ISOVER SoundProtection".

The technology of insulation and decoration of the balcony in the video:

Is it possible to perform double-sided insulation of the loggia?

Loggia parapets can be insulated not only from the inside, but also from the outside. But this solution is not always advisable, since it is difficult to carry out such work outside at a high altitude. It is recommended to resort to insulation on both sides, if necessary, at the same time achieve a certain thickness of thermal insulation and save maximum usable space inside.

The effectiveness of thermal insulation does not depend on whether the insulation is installed only inside or on both sides, whether it is interrupted in thickness or not.

With double-sided insulation, additional vapor barrier is needed inside.

Double-sided insulation is necessary in order to preserve the space of the loggia as much as possible. So, a concrete partition 5 cm thick and external insulation with 10 cm foam. What is the best way to insulate?

For good thermal insulation, stone wool in slabs (“Light Butts”) can be used. Their thickness is 5 cm, the installation takes place in a frame mounted on the parapet. Further, everything is closed with a vapor barrier and sheathed.

How to insulate the floor on the loggia?

A common way is to arrange the floor along the lags.

First you need to install a waterproofing layer.

Excellent results are obtained by insulation with a special material "ISOVER Classic". After completing this work, you can perform finishing.

Will a heating system be needed on an insulated loggia?

Unfortunately, even with very good thermal insulation of the loggia, heat simply will not come from anywhere in the absence of an appropriate source. Insulation allows you to save heat, but heaters cannot generate it.

According to building codes, central heating on balconies and loggias is strictly prohibited, so alternative heat sources will have to be considered.

Is it necessary to install thermal insulation under the condition of installing a floor heating system?

If you install underfloor heating, thermal insulation must be used without fail. This will ensure that heat loss is kept to a minimum. Exceptions are cases in which heating mats are used.

Is it possible to install a warm floor system on the walls of a loggia?

It is permissible to use heating mats on the walls. To do this, they are attached to the surface so that the heating cable does not kink in the corners (that is, the cable cannot be bent at right angles).

The tile mixture is applied in a uniform layer without voids, otherwise overheating may occur.

Is it possible to insulate part of the loggia?

Insulation of only part of the loggia can be used if the norms of thermal insulation are observed. For this case, it is recommended to use expanded polystyrene up to 50 mm thick. It is imperative to insulate not only the floor, but also the walls and ceiling. It is clear that double-glazed windows are also required.

Where does condensation form on the insulated loggia?

If you notice this negative phenomenon, most likely there is an unheated room under your loggia. Another option is insufficient thermal insulation of the outer walls.

Experts distinguish the concept of dew point - this is the temperature of air cooling at which water vapor is boundary saturated. That is, at this temperature, the relative humidity of the gas reaches 100%.

Condensation is caused by air cooling or the influx of water vapor.

Explain on practical example. If something is brought into the room from the cold, the air above it can cool to a temperature below the dew point under conditions of a certain humidity and air temperature.

In this case, condensation forms on the surface.

For typical rooms, you can roughly calculate the dew point as follows.

If the temperature of the underfloor heating on the screed is 30 degrees and the relative humidity is 60%, the dew point will be 21.4 degrees. That is, when the underfloor heating is turned off, condensate will appear when the cement is cooled to this value.

To solve the problem, you can use one of two options:

• reduce air humidity, for which air dehumidifiers are used, electric convectors and similar equipment;
• keep the screed temperature above the dew point.

If the loggia floor is not insulated, will the tiles crack on it?

If you have chosen a frost-resistant tile designed for outdoor use, then such a nuisance will not happen. It is also necessary to use a special frost-resistant glue.

But another problem may arise. If there is a non-insulated loggia below, and at the same time you have good glazing installed, then when heat escapes into the door open into the room, condensation may appear on the floor. In cold weather, it can even freeze.

The algorithm for warming and finishing the loggia in the video:

Insulation of the balcony and loggia from the inside of the room

In our country, you can observe a real boom in the insulation of balconies and loggias. This is due to the desire of people to increase the living space of cramped apartments at the expense of these premises. After all, balconies and loggias can be quite functional, instead of playing the role of cluttered outdoor pantries.

The role of the loggia can be any, it all depends on your needs and imagination, you can equip it with an office or a gym, a winter garden or just a place to relax. Often a balcony is combined with a room, making it much larger.

Repair must be carried out thoughtfully, otherwise the result will be very sad!

Since the loggia and balcony are cold rooms according to the project, their ceilings and walls do not have thermal insulation. The thermal conductivity of such walls is too high, they pass cold with very little resistance.

Warm vapors should not penetrate under the insulation, otherwise it will lead to condensation inside. As a result, the walls can freeze, frost forms on them, mold appears on the neighbors, and not the most comfortable environment is created in your apartment.

The way out of this situation will be almost hermetic thermal insulation. A vapor barrier must be installed.

So how do you properly insulate a balcony?

The transformation of cold rooms into warm ones begins with the processing of the parapet. It should be made of foam blocks or concrete. It is impossible to insulate metal parapets.

Balcony glazing should be warm, it is best to use metal-plastic profiles with double-glazed windows. More details about them can be found in the corresponding section on glazing.

After glazing, it is necessary to exclude drafts, due to which wind can walk under the thermal insulation. Foam insulation is used to seal cracks.

After these works, the surface is checked for leaks or mold. If such shortcomings are identified, they must be eliminated.

The warming process is carried out in a circle y. All surfaces are insulated, except for the wall adjacent to the room (ceiling, side walls, floor).

On the walls, it is best to use extruded XPS polystyrene foam as a heater. Foamed foil polyethylene can be used for vapor barrier and as an additional insulation.

XPS extruded polystyrene foam is a material in which polystyrene granules are mixed with a blowing agent at high temperatures and pressure, which is then extruded from an extruder.

The foaming agent in this process is usually a mixture of light freons, to which CO2 is added. After the production of the plate in the cells of the material, the residual freon is quickly replaced by air.

This structure of the material provides it with excellent thermal properties. lasting for a long time, as well as high compressive strength.

For the production of polyethylene foam, polyethylene is used high pressure, hydrocarbons are taken as a blowing agent.

The surface of the material is smooth, the structure is with small pores, there are no open-pore cells. This ensures low moisture absorption. The stiffness of the material is between the values ​​of the same indicator for foamed polystyrene and foamed rubber.

Advantages of XPS extruded polystyrene foam: high resilience, flexibility, elasticity, excellent resistance to chemical and biological degradation. The material is distinguished by high shock-absorbing performance, it is durable and environmentally friendly, resistant to shock loads, hydrophobic, and has low water absorption.

Moving from theory to practice

Now we will put into practice the selected materials - extruded XPS polystyrene foam and foil-foamed polyethylene. They are offered by different manufacturers. When choosing a particular brand, it is best to familiarize yourself with the manufacturer's website, compare the characteristics of products from different brands.

Both materials can be of different thicknesses. With an increase in the thickness of the insulation layer, the thermal conductivity decreases, the warmer it becomes in the room. That is, a thicker layer better resists heat loss to the outside.

The websites of manufacturing companies usually have tables indicating all the important characteristics of their products, so you can make necessary calculations for a specific room.

However, such calculations are the prerogative of experienced engineers, and not people who have encountered such work for the first time.

Therefore, one can resort to more simple solution, based on the rules:

• on uncombined balconies and loggias, it is necessary to install polystyrene with a thickness of 30 mm or more;
• on the balconies combined with the room, polystyrene with a thickness of 50 mm or more is used.

The vapor barrier layer in the first case should be from 3 mm, in the second - from 5 mm.

These simple rules almost always work. Of course, for this it is necessary that the apartment is well heated, the windows in it are installed in compliance with all GOST standards, and the balcony has its own heat source. These parameters are suitable for the climatic conditions of central Russia.

Polystyrene is produced in sheets of 1200x600 mm. At the edges of each plate, a step is provided to form a “warm seam” with the previous sheet, fastening occurs step by step.

Where it is impossible to install sheets with each other in this way, they are mounted end-to-end, and mounting foam is used to fill the seams. It is more convenient and economical to use a special gun for this.

The room is insulated in a circle according to the principle described above. First you need to drill the polystyrene and the wall to the required thickness, and then install the dowel in the hole. Two such fasteners are enough for each sheet.

After fixing the polystyrene plates between the wall and them, the resulting seams need to be foamed. In the same way, seams are processed, which are obtained by connecting sheets not a step to a step. Further, all seams are glued with adhesive tape.

Already after passing this stage, you will notice that the room has become much warmer.

Now you need to protect the polystyrene from the penetration of wet vapors from the room. This step is a must! Polyethylene foam foil provides not only vapor barrier. This material also reflects heat and sounds.

To install the vapor barrier, you need to roll out the roll and cut into pieces of calculated sizes. Double-sided adhesive tape is glued on the back of the material, then the vapor barrier is attached to polystyrene. When working, it is desirable to avoid overlapping joints.

The seams are sealed with foil tape. And so we got a room that already works inside on the principle of a thermos and is reliably protected from external cold.

We have completed the warming phase! It's time to start decorating the room.

Pay attention to an important addition.

Insulation can not be laid between the laths of the crate or joists.

The insulation must be integral, the heterogeneous structure of the insulation layer is not allowed. Otherwise, the formed cold bridges will subsequently negatively affect the result.

And one more important digression. Do not forget that all balconies and loggias are different rooms, houses are built from different wall materials, apartments are used various systems heating. Accordingly, these individual characteristics. The use of the same materials and technologies on two completely different balconies does not guarantee an equal result.

Balconies and loggias are cold rooms from the very beginning, therefore, it would be right to simply finish them without changing the design functionality.

But if you decide to insulate one way or another, then resort to the technology described by us. It has been proven over the years own experience, optimum creation of comfort and a cosiness.

Is it possible to insulate the balcony with your own hands. Definitely possible! But you will need to stock up on strength and patience.

An example of warming a loggia with P-44T foam, see the video:

Proper insulation of the balcony

Most of our apartments are too cramped for living and many people resort to connecting rooms with kitchens, balconies, loggias, trying in this way to expand the living space. Therefore, questions about proper insulation balconies are always relevant.

If we start from the laws of physics, then the insulation of balconies must be carried out on the cold side of the building envelope of any surface. At the same time, the old fence is in the zone of positive temperatures, and moisture vapor from a warm room easily passes through the insulation, does not accumulate and does not linger, but penetrates.

The multi-layer construction, together with the insulation, works reliably, and the heat-insulating characteristics do not decrease. If all the work was done correctly, the best materials were chosen, it will be very comfortable in such an apartment, which received additional usable space due to the balcony.

But in many houses, external insulation is often not possible. Therefore, it is necessary to resort to internal insulation of balconies and loggias.

At first glance, this is the simplest task. It is enough to buy a heater, glue it to the wall, sheathe it with sheet materials, install a heat source - and that's all, long years comfort and warmth provided.

Everything is not as simple as it seems.

If you have already insulated your balcony or loggia in this way, you probably noticed that in cold weather condensation appears near the wall - water taken from nowhere.

Condensation on the floor - where does it come from?

Internal insulation of a heated balcony transfers the building envelope to the area of ​​negative temperatures, which are always below the dew point. At the same time, moisture vapor from a warm room (when moving from an area of ​​high to an area of ​​low partial pressure) passes through the installed heat-insulating layer as more loose and stops at a dense cold fence. Steam condenses on a cold plane. Further, after the transition of the steam to a drop-liquid state, depending on the weather conditions and microclimatic indicators in the apartment, the process turns into the wetting of the fence and insulation.

The insulation loses a significant part of its heat-saving characteristics, with an increase in wetting, the material becomes unable to retain water and it flows out of the wall.

Even if water does not flow out of the wall, this is not a reason to rejoice, because the thermal insulation gets wet anyway, its properties are lost. Are being created favorable conditions for mold growth. Thus, the meaning of insulation is lost - it seems to be there, but at the same time it is not there.

And what to do, how to avoid such troubles?

There is a way out of this situation. We will consider two solutions that allow you to insulate a balcony or loggia from the inside and at the same time avoid the described phenomenon.

According to the first option, you will need to install a special vapor barrier in front of the heater. This will prevent the penetration of water vapor into the insulation. This is a reliable method even when using insulation with maximum vapor permeability (for example, if mineral wool is used for thermal insulation). For this option, dry construction technology is recommended, which occurs according to the method of wall cladding.

At the same time, instead of drywall and metal profiles, it is enough to use bars and Wall panels PVC or MDF.

The vapor barrier is polyethylene film, foil or membranes specially designed for such tasks. Internal insulation involves the installation of a structure in the form of a “pie” with the same order of layers (the same for walls, floors and ceilings).

The advantage of the first method is that there are practically no wet processes during operation, with the exception of the stage of filling the seams and joints between the gypsum boards. The disadvantage of the method is the lack of the ability to “breathe” in such a system.

According to the second option, the vapor barrier is not installed separately, but the insulation is performed using certain materials with minimal vapor permeability. These materials include conventional and extruded polystyrene foam.

According to the second method, mineral wool, which has too high vapor permeability, cannot be used.

In this case, it is necessary to choose such a thickness of the insulation at which moisture will not accumulate - that is, at which the necessary resistance to vapor permeation is provided.

Let's take an example. When using ordinary expanded polystyrene with a density value of 25 kg / m3, according to the standards given in SNiP, the thickness of the insulation should be from 80 mm. This thickness will also provide good heat saving.

If extruded polystyrene foam is used, then the calculation is carried out taking into account the much lower vapor permeability of such material (3-10 times, depending on the manufacturer, lower than that of conventional polystyrene foam). Accordingly, a 30 mm layer of such insulation is sufficient to achieve the same result.

But this thickness is insufficient if we talk about the thermal protection of the room. To achieve optimal performance, it is recommended to install extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 50-60 mm. In general, to determine the required thickness of the insulation, it is required to carry out a heat engineering calculation of the building envelope, which takes into account local standards and climatic features.

Both types of expanded polystyrene are attached to a brick or concrete base using special compounds. For example, you can use Knauf-Sevener or Ceresit ST85.

When the primary hardening of the glue has occurred, the plates are also fixed with dowels-fungi.

On the surface of expanded polystyrene plates, it is necessary to equip a protective reinforced layer, created from the same adhesive composition.

The glue is applied to a sheet of expanded polystyrene, which must first be processed with coarse sandpaper. Layer thickness 2-3 mm. Alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh with a mesh size of 5x5 mm is embedded in this layer. Immediately on top of the grid you need to apply a second layer of adhesive.

The fiberglass mesh should be inside between the layers of glue, it should not be applied immediately to the insulation and glued to it with glue. In this case, it will not be able to perform the reinforcement function assigned to it.

When the reinforced layer hardens, you can start puttying the surface, and then paint it, glue wallpaper, plaster decorative compositions with different textures, etc.

An example of insulating a balcony with polystyrene foam in a video: